Features of Gogol's style are the originality of his creative manner. Study of the artistic features of the writer V.N.
Gogol began his creative activity like a romantic. However, he turned to critical realism, opened in it new chapter. As a realist artist, Gogol developed under the noble influence of Pushkin, but was not a simple imitator of the founder of new Russian literature.
Gogol’s originality was that he was the first to give the broadest image of the district landowner-bureaucratic Russia and the “little man”, a resident of the corners of St. Petersburg.
Gogol was a brilliant satirist who castigated the “vulgarity of a vulgar man” and extremely exposed the social contradictions of contemporary Russian reality.
Gogol's social orientation is also reflected in the composition of his works. The plot and plot conflict in them are not love and family circumstances, and events public importance. At the same time, the plot serves only as an excuse for a broad depiction of everyday life and the disclosure of character types.
Deep penetration into the essence of the main socio-economic phenomena of contemporary life allowed Gogol, a brilliant artist of words, to draw images of enormous generalizing power.
For bright purposes satirical image Gogol's heroes are served by a careful selection of many details and their sharp exaggeration. So, for example, portraits of heroes were created “ Dead souls" These details in Gogol are mainly everyday: things, clothes, homes of the heroes. If in romantic stories Gogol gave emphatically picturesque landscapes that give the work a certain elation of tone, but in his realistic works, especially in “Dead Souls,” landscape is one of the means of depicting types and characterizing characters. Themes, social orientation and ideological illumination of life phenomena and the characters of people determined the originality literary speech Gogol. The two worlds depicted by the writer - the people's collective and the "existents" - determined the main features of the writer's speech: his speech is sometimes enthusiastic, imbued with lyricism, when he talks about the people, about the homeland (in "Evenings...", in "Taras Bulba ", V lyrical digressions“Dead Souls”), then becomes close to live conversational (in everyday paintings and scenes of “Evenings...” or in stories about bureaucratic and landowner Russia).
The originality of Gogol's language lies in the wider use of common speech, dialectisms, and Ukrainianisms than that of his predecessors and contemporaries.
Gogol loved and had a keen sense of popular colloquial speech, skillfully using all its shades to characterize his heroes and phenomena of public life.
The character of a person social status, profession - all this is unusually clearly and accurately revealed in the speech of Gogol’s characters.
Gogol's strength as a stylist lies in his humor. In his articles about “Dead Souls,” Belinsky showed that Gogol’s humor “consists in the opposition of the ideal of life with the reality of life.” He wrote: “Humor is the most powerful weapon of the spirit of negation, destroying the old and preparing the new.”
Will the time come (Come, the desired one!). When will the people not carry Blucher and my foolish lord, Belinsky and Gogol from the market? N. Nekrasov The work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol goes far beyond national and historical boundaries. His works...
Gogol is a great realist writer, whose work is firmly entrenched in Russian classical literature. His originality lies in the fact that he was one of the first to give a broad picture of the district landowner-bureaucratic Russia. In his poem "The Dead...
Although the concept of genre is constantly changing and becoming more complex, genre can be understood as a historically developing type literary work, which has certain characteristics. Based on these features, the main idea of the work becomes clear, and we approximately...
Feeding his chest with hatred, Arming his lips with satire, he passes thorny path With your punishing lyre. They curse him from all sides, And only when they see his corpse, How much he did, they will understand, And how he loved - while hating! ON THE....
My God, how sad our Russia is! A. S. Pushkin. There is no doubt that Gogol’s laughter originated long before Gogol: in Fonvizin’s comedy, in Krylov’s fables, in Pushkin’s epigrams, in representatives Famusov society at Griboedov's. What did Gogol laugh at?...
At the beginning of his creative activity famous writer Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol established himself as a writer who supported the movement of romanticism. However, critical realism soon took the place of romanticism in Gogol’s works.
Features of Gogol's creativity
The work of Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was significantly influenced by Alexander Pushkin. However, one should not assume that Gogol was an imitator of Alexander Sergeevich.
He brought to his works that elusive literary charisma that made them truly unique. The uniqueness of Gogol’s language lies in the fact that it was this writer who, for the first time in the history of Russian literature, was able to depict all aspects of the life of bureaucratic landowner Russia and “ little man", which lives in it.
Thanks to the amazing literary talent, Gogol managed to reveal the whole essence of Russian reality of those times. The social orientation can be traced in all his works.
Heroes of Gogol's works
Reading Gogol's works, we notice that most of his heroes are typical - the author specifically focuses on one character trait, often exaggerating it in order to maximally emphasize the hero's advantages or disadvantages.
Like literary device was used for the first time in Russian literature.
The originality of Gogol's language
Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol was not afraid to use common expressions in his works, which were characteristic of the inhabitants of the hinterlands of the Russian Empire.
Reading “The Night Before Christmas” we cannot help but notice many old Ukrainian words, most of which has already fallen out of use in modern speech. Thanks to this, the author seems to take us to a real Ukrainian village, where we can get acquainted with the life, customs and morals of ordinary people.
Gogol’s works also feature the following literary devices:
1. One sentence consists of many simple sentences, some of which are not always connected by meaning. This technique can be seen especially clearly in the works “Taras Bulba” and “May Night or the Drowned Woman”.
2. The presence of lyrical dialogues and monologues in the works. Thanks to lyrical monologues, the author reveals to the reader the inner essence of his literary heroes.
3. A large number of words and sentences of increased emotionality.
Gogol began his creative career as a romantic. However, he turned to critical realism and opened a new chapter in it. As a realist artist, Gogol developed under the noble influence of Pushkin, but was not a simple imitator of the founder of new Russian literature. Gogol’s originality was that he was the first to give the broadest image of the district landowner-bureaucratic Russia and the “little man”, a resident of the corners of St. Petersburg. Gogol was a brilliant satirist who castigated the “vulgarity of a vulgar man” and extremely exposed the social contradictions of contemporary Russian reality. Gogol's social orientation is also reflected in the composition of his works. The plot and plot conflict in them are not love and family circumstances, but events of social significance. At the same time, the plot serves only as an excuse for a broad depiction of everyday life and the disclosure of character types. Deep penetration into the essence of the main socio-economic phenomena of contemporary life allowed Gogol, a brilliant artist of words, to draw images of enormous generalizing power. The purposes of a vivid satirical portrayal of the characters are served by Gogol’s careful selection of many details and their sharp exaggeration. For example, portraits of the heroes of “Dead Souls” were created. These details in Gogol are mainly everyday: things, clothes, homes of the heroes. If in Gogol’s romantic stories there are emphatically picturesque landscapes that give the work a certain elation of tone, then in his realistic works, especially in “Dead Souls,” landscape is one of the means of depicting types and characteristics of heroes. The subject matter, social orientation and ideological coverage of life phenomena and people's characters determined the originality of Gogol's literary speech. The two worlds depicted by the writer - the people's collective and the "existents" - determined the main features of the writer's speech: his speech is sometimes enthusiastic, imbued with lyricism, when he talks about the people, about the homeland (in "Evenings...", in "Taras Bulba ”, in the lyrical digressions of “Dead Souls”), then becomes close to live conversational (in everyday pictures and scenes of “Evenings...” or in stories about bureaucratic and landowner Russia). The originality of Gogol's language lies in the wider use of common speech, dialectisms, and Ukrainianisms than that of his predecessors and contemporaries. Gogol loved and had a keen sense of popular colloquial speech, skillfully using all its shades to characterize his heroes and phenomena of public life. The character of a person, his social status, profession - all this is unusually clearly and accurately revealed in the speech of Gogol’s characters. Gogol's strength as a stylist lies in his humor. In his articles about “Dead Souls,” Belinsky showed that Gogol’s humor “consists in the opposition of the ideal of life with the reality of life.” He wrote: “Humor is the most powerful weapon of the spirit of negation, destroying the old and preparing the new.”Gogol began his creative career as a romantic. However, he soon turned to critical realism and opened a new chapter in it. As a realist artist, Gogol developed under beneficial influence Pushkin. But he was not a simple imitator of the founder of new Russian literature.
Gogol’s originality was that he was the first to give the broadest image of the district landowner-bureaucratic Russia and the “little man”, a resident of the corners of St. Petersburg.
Gogol was a brilliant satirist who castigated the “vulgarity of a vulgar man” and extremely exposed the social contradictions of contemporary Russian reality.
This social orientation of Gogol is also reflected in the composition of his works. The plot and plot conflict in them are not love and family circumstances, but events of social significance. At the same time, Gogol’s plot serves only as a pretext for a broad depiction of everyday life and the disclosure of character types.
Deep insight into the essence of the main socio-economic phenomena of contemporary life allowed Gogol to genius artist words, to draw images of enormous generalizing power.
The names of Khlestakov, Manilov, Korobochka, Nozdryov, Sobakevich and others became household names. Even the minor characters depicted by Gogol on the pages of his works (for example, in “Dead Souls”): Pelageya, the serf girl Korobochka, or Ivan Antonovich, the “jug’s snout,” have great power of generalization and typicality. Gogol emphasizes one or two of his most significant features in the character of the hero. He often exaggerates them, why the image becomes even brighter and more prominent.
The purposes of a vivid, satirical portrayal of the characters are served by Gogol’s careful selection of many details and their sharp exaggeration. For example, portraits of the heroes of “Dead Souls” were created. These details in Gogol are mainly everyday: things, clothes, the hero’s home.
If Gogol’s romantic stories contain emphatically picturesque landscapes, giving the work a certain uplifting tone, then in his realistic works, especially in “Dead Souls,” landscape is one of the means of depicting types and characteristics of heroes.
The subject matter, social orientation and ideological coverage of life phenomena and people's characters determined the originality of Gogol's literary speech.
The two worlds depicted by Gogol - the people's collective and the "existents" - determined the main features of the writer's speech: his speech is sometimes enthusiastic, imbued with lyricism, when he talks about the people, about the homeland (in "Evenings", in "Taras Bulba", in lyrical digressions of “Dead Souls”), then it becomes close to a live conversational one (in everyday pictures and scenes of “Evenings” or when the story is told about bureaucratic and landowner Russia).
The originality of Gogol's language lies in the wider use of common speech, dialectisms, and Ukrainianisms than that of his predecessors and contemporaries. Gogol loved and had a keen sense of folk speech and skillfully used all its shades to characterize his heroes and phenomena. public life.
1) the periodic structure of a phrase, when many sentences are connected into one whole (“Taras saw how vague the Cossack ranks became and how despondency, indecent for the brave, began to quietly embrace the Cossack heads, but was silent: he wanted to give time to everything, so that they would get used to despondency brought on by farewell to his comrades, and meanwhile in the silence he was preparing to wake them all up at once and suddenly, whooping like a Cossack, so that again and with greater force than before, cheerfulness would return to everyone’s soul, which only the Slavic breed, the wide one, is capable of. a mighty rock is to others as the sea is to shallow rivers");
2) the introduction of lyrical dialogues and monologues (for example, the conversation between Levko and Ganna in the first chapter of “May Night”, monologues - appeals to the Cossacks of Koshevoy, Taras Bulba, Bovdyug in “Taras Bulba”);
3) an abundance of exclamation marks and interrogative sentences(for example, in the description Ukrainian night in "May Night");
4) emotional epithets that convey the power of the author’s inspiration, born of love for native nature(description of the day in " Sorochinskaya fair") or to to the people's collective(“Taras Bulba”).
Gogol uses everyday speech in different ways. IN early works(in “Evenings”) its bearer is the narrator. The author puts into his mouth both vernacular words (everyday words and phrases), and such appeals to listeners that have a familiar, good-natured character characteristic of this environment: “By God, I’m already tired of telling! What are you thinking
The character of a person, his social status, profession - all this is unusually clearly and accurately revealed in the speech of Gogol’s characters.
Gogol's strength as a stylist lies in his humor. Gogol's humor - “laughter through tears” - was determined by the contradictions of the Russian reality of his time, mainly by the contradictions between the people and the anti-people essence of the noble state. In his articles about “Dead Souls,” Belinsky showed that Gogol’s humor “consists in the opposite of the ideal
life with the reality of life." He wrote: “Humor is the most powerful weapon of the spirit of negation, destroying the old and preparing the new.”
N.V. Gogol is the first major Russian prose writer.
With Gogol and " Gogol direction"is usually associated with the flourishing of realism in Russian prose. It is characterized by special attention to social issues, a depiction (often satirical) of social vices Nikolaev Russia, careful reproduction socially and culturally significant details in portraits, interiors, landscapes and other descriptions;
Realism Gogol absolutely special kind. Some researchers do not consider Gogol a realist at all, others call his style “ fantastic realism" The fact is that Gogol is a master of phantasmagoria. In many of his stories there is fantastic element. A feeling of “curved” reality is created, reminiscent of false mirror. This is due to hyperbole and grotesque - the most important elements of Gogol's aesthetics. Much connects Gogol with the romantics. But, starting from romantic traditions, Gogol directs the motifs borrowed from them into a new, realistic direction.
There is a lot of humor in Gogol's works . In Gogol's humor the absurd beginning prevails. The tendency to depict only the funny and ugly psychologically weighed on the writer; he felt guilty for showing only caricatured characters. Gogol repeatedly admitted that he passed on his own spiritual vices to these heroes. This theme sounds especially acute, for example, at the beginning of Chapter VII of Dead Souls. IN later years creativity Gogol was experiencing a deep mental crisis and was on the verge of mental disorder
The real in Gogol's stories coexists with the fantastic throughout the writer's career. But this phenomenon is undergoing some evolution - the role, place and methods of including the fantastic element do not always remain the same.
In Gogol's early works (“Evenings on a farm near Dikanka”, “Viy") it's fantastic on foreground plot (wonderful metamorphoses, the appearance of evil spirits), it is associated with folklore (fairy tales and legends) and romantic literature.
One of Gogol's "favorite" characters is the "devil". Various devilry often appears in the plots of “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”, not scary, but rather funny. In works more late period the author’s mystical anxiety, the feeling of the presence of something sinister in the world, is more strongly felt. re, a passionate desire to overcome this with laughter.
In St. Petersburg stories the fantastic element moves away sharply to the background plot, fantasy seems to dissolve in reality. The supernatural is present in the plot not directly, but indirectly, for example, like a dream (“ Nose"), nonsense (" Diary of a Madman"), implausible rumors ("Overcoat").
Finally , in works last period(“Inspector”, “ Dead Souls») The fantastic element in the plot is practically absent. The events depicted are not supernatural, but rather strange.
The role of descriptions. Gogol is a universally recognized master artistic descriptions. Descriptions in prose are valuable in themselves, their manner and style are very expressive, primarily due to the abundance of everyday life, portrait, linguistic and other details. Detail is an important aspect of Gogol's realistic writing.
Image of St. Petersburg- one of the important motifs in Gogol’s work (it is present in the fairy tale “The Night Before Christmas”, in “The Inspector General”, in “The Tale of Captain Kopeikin” from “Dead Souls”). Gogol also has a cycle of St. Petersburg stories, which can serve as the most typical example disclosure of this topic.
St. Petersburg in Gogol's stories is a phantasmagoric, semi-ghost city, in which the strange is intertwined with the everyday, the real with the fantastic, the majestic with the base.
At the same time, Gogol’s works contain a deeply realistic vision of St. Petersburg. Most often, the writer depicts the world of officials and their specific relationships.
Evenings on a Farm Near Dikanka- the first book of Gogol's stories. Two of its parts appeared in 1831-1832. This book is about Ukraine, where G. was born in 1809. The stories express love for native land, its nature and people, its history and folk tales. The theme of the rich and generous Ukrainian nature, among which the heroes live, plays a special role in the book, which is not quite common in narrative prose. The fullness of being, the strength and beauty of the spirit are characteristic of the writer’s heroes. The young heroes are beautiful, cheerful, and full of mischief. These heroes feel not just farmers, but “free Cossacks”, who are characterized by a sense of honor and personal dignity. Gogol did not just retell in his stories traditional stories from folk tales, he created new and original patterns, as if he continued the work of folk storytellers, creating a book in which literary and folklore traditions, truth and fiction, history and modernity.