Contrast in the composition after the ball table. Contrast as the basis of the composition of the story L
Lesson Objectives Show how the technique of contrast helps reveal the idea of a story. Carry out analysis work artistic means, creating pictures of a ball and execution. Fostering mercy, humanism, sensitivity to people, and rejection of violence against people.
All great changes in the life of one person, as well as of all humanity, begin and are accomplished in thought. In order for a change in feelings and actions to occur, there must first be a change in thought...Fruits are born from the seed. Also, actions are born from thoughts. L.N. Tolstoy “The Way of Life”
At the ball, the ball was wonderful, the hall was beautiful, the buffet was magnificent, the musicians were the famous hosts of the ball, a good-natured old man, a rich hospitable man, his good-natured wife Varenka in a white dress, in white gloves, in white shoes; she has a radiant, flushed face; gentle, sweet eyes, the colonel is handsome, stately, tall, with a white mustache, white sideburns, with sparkling eyes. Ivan Vasilyevich is satisfied, happy, blessed, kind
Execution scene street Something big, black, hard, bad music, soldiers, a lot of black people, in black uniforms, being punished, naked to the waist, his back is something colorful, wet, red, unnatural, colonel, tall military man, firm, shaking gait, Ivan Vasilyevich It was embarrassing , lowered his eyes; an almost physical melancholy in my heart, almost to the point of nausea
Composition
L. N. Tolstoy's story “After the Ball” is a very small work in volume, but extremely deep in meaning. It is based on the technique of contrast, antithesis. The story is divided into two parts, which are sharply opposed to each other.
The first part of the work is a description of the ball. This part is filled with a feeling of light, love, joy, happiness. This is largely due to the fact that the narrator who narrates all the events is very much in love. Therefore, at that time he saw everything in the world in rainbow colors.
The ball took place in the house of the provincial leader, a good-natured and hospitable old man. “The ball was wonderful: a beautiful hall, with choirs, musicians - the famous serfs of the amateur landowner at that time, a magnificent buffet and a sea of champagne poured out,” says Ivan Vasilyevich. But the hero-narrator was drunk not from champagne, but from love, because at the ball was his beloved Varenka B., an extraordinary beauty: “...tall, slender, graceful and majestic, truly majestic.” Varenka always held herself unusually straight, throwing her head back a little. This gave her a kind of regal appearance, “which would have scared her away if not for the affectionate, always cheerful smile of her mouth, and her lovely, sparkling eyes, and her entire sweet, young being.”
It was obvious that the girl was not indifferent to the narrator. The newlyweds spent the entire evening together: playing and dancing. At the end of the evening, Varenka gave Ivan Vasilyevich a feather from her fan. Delight is what the hero experienced throughout the entire ball.
Before dinner, Varenka went to dance with her father, Colonel B., a handsome military man who adores his daughter. Their dance delighted all the guests. They admired this beautiful couple, and at the end of the dance, the guests even applauded father and daughter B. It was clear how the colonel loves his daughter, how he strives to give her the best. The narrator noticed that Pyotr Vladislavich wears homemade boots of an old cut in order to be able to take his Varenka out into the world.
The atmosphere of this evening can be described in the words of Ivan Vasilyevich himself: “At that time I embraced the whole world with my love. I loved the hostess in the feronniere, with her Elizabethan bust, and her husband, and her guests, and her lackeys, and even the engineer Anisimov, who was sulking at me. At that time I felt a kind of enthusiastic and tender feeling towards her father, with his home boots and a gentle smile similar to hers.”
The second part of the story, which is of primary importance for the disclosure ideological plan works, exactly the opposite of the first. After a delightful night comes early morning, the first morning of Lent. The narrator walks around the city, the rhythm of the mazurka still sounds in his soul. But suddenly this music is interrupted by another: “hard, bad music.” Among the fog, the hero-narrator sees black people (in contrast to the smart people from the ballroom). They stood in two rows, and between them they led a man naked to the waist. Each of the soldiers had to hit this man as hard as possible. Ivan Vasilyevich found out that the punishment of a fugitive Tatar was happening before his eyes.
As bright and beautiful as the first part of the story is, the second is so terrible and disgusting. If the leitmotif of the first part can be considered the melody of a mazurka, then the entire second part is accompanied by an “unpleasant, shrill melody” of drum and flute. It seems to me that the contrast between the wonderful dance of Colonel B. and his daughter at the ball is the terrible scene of the punishment of the poor Tatar, where one of the main characters is also the colonel. Only now he is not resting next to his beloved Varenka, but is fulfilling his official duties.
The description of the colonel, in general, has not changed. We see the same ruddy face and gray sideburns. The intonations with which this hero was described have changed, the attitude of the narrator and readers towards this brave servant has changed.
In contrast to the portrait of Varenka, a lovely young girl, affectionate and majestic at the same time, a description of the fugitive Tatar is given: “When the procession passed the place where I stood, I caught a glimpse of the back of the one being punished between the rows. It was something so motley, wet, red, unnatural that I didn’t believe it was a human body.”
The movement of the Tatar along the row of soldiers is contrasted with the description of the dance in the first part. If at the ball the dance of father and daughter delighted everyone, then here the movements of the captured fugitive resembled a terrible puppet dance, the movements of the puppets, terrifying.
In addition, if in the first part Colonel B. brought his daughter to the narrator, handing her over to a caring gentleman, then in the second Pyotr Vladislavich, seeing the narrator, turned away from him as if from a stranger.
The picture he saw struck Ivan Vasilyevich to the depths of his soul. The shock was so deep that the narrator decided never to serve anywhere, just so as not to commit such monstrous acts. The scene of the punishment of the fugitive Tatar becomes even more terrible if we consider that it took place on the first day of Lent. After the pagan Maslenitsa, described in the first part, comes the most important Christian fast, when a person must forget everything worldly and turn to his soul. But it is at this time that the narrator witnesses man’s greatest crime - a crime against himself, against his soul.
The leading artistic device in Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball” is the technique of contrast. This work contrasts two parts of the story: the ball scene and the punishment scene; The heroes and their actions are contrasted. In addition, the moods, emotions, and musical leitmotifs of the work are radically different.
Other works on this work
“From that day on, love began to wane...” (Based on the story by L. N. Tolstoy “After the Ball”) "After the ball". L.N. Tolstoy After the ball “What is L.N. Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball” directed against? What, according to the author, determines changes in human relationships? Author and narrator in L. N. Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball” Ivan Vasilyevich at the ball and after the ball (based on the story “After the Ball”) Ideological and artistic originality of Leo Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball” Personality and society in L. N. Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball” My impression of L. N. Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball” The image of Ivan Vasilyevich (Based on the story by L. N. Tolstoy “After the Ball”) Colonel at the ball and after the ball Colonel at the ball and after the ball (based on the story by L. N. Tolstoy “After the Ball”) Why did Ivan Vasilyevich reassess his values? (based on the story by L. N. Tolstoy “After the Ball”) Why is the story of L.N. Tolstoy is called “After the Ball” Why is L. N. Tolstoy’s story called “After the Ball” and not “The Ball”? L. Tolstoy's story “After the Ball” The role of landscape in the stories of L. N. Tolstoy “After the Ball”, I. A. Bunin “Caucasus”, M. Gorky “Chelkash”. The morning that changed life (based on the story “After the Ball”) The morning that changed life (based on the story by L. N. Tolstoy “After the Ball”) What is honor, duty and conscience in my understanding (analyzing L. N. Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball”) Reflections of Ivan Vasilyevich in the story by L. N. Tolstoy “After the Ball” The role of chance in a person’s life (Based on the example of L. N. Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball”) Composition and meaning of Leo Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball” Features of the composition of L. N. Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball” The role of contrast in the works of Russian writers of the 19th century (Based on the example of L. N. Tolstoy’s story “After the Ball”)Contrast as a basis
story compositions
History of the story
What was the source for creating the story? It is known that the story is based on a story that happened to the writer’s older brother, Sergei Nikolaevich.
The writer’s memory retained a lot and captured it in this story. Together with the writer, we are transported to the 40s of the 19th century, the time of the reign of Nicholas I . The noble-serf state was still strong at that time. Cane discipline was rampant in the troops, and soldiers for any offense were flogged or driven “through the ranks,” when, to the beat of drums, the punished person was dragged between the rows of soldiers and everyone was obliged to hit the naked body. The person was often beaten to death.
L.N. Tolstoy
The writer was worried all his life about the lack of rights of the Russian soldier. But the story “After the Ball” goes far beyond a protest against the inhumane treatment of soldiers; it poses broad humanistic problems, such as duty, honor, conscience, and humanity.
Roll call of eras in the story
"After the ball"
40s of the 19th century, the time of Nicholas 1 (events depicted in the story)
1900s, time of Nicholas2
21 century
(the era in which
the reader lives)
History of the story
The story was first called “Daughter and Father,” then “And You Say,” and finally, “After the Ball.” WHY?
in the composition of the story
in system images
in language means
in the descriptions
Contrast
The story has the following main parts:
after the ball
conclusion
introduction
at the ball
The story is thus enclosed in a “frame”. This compositional technique is called "a story within a story" because the work is written by the writer in such a way that we learn about all events from the narrator
- What is the contrast?
- in the composition of the story
- in the system of images
- in linguistic means
- in the descriptions
Observation over language means At the ball:
ball wonderful, hall beautiful, buffet fabulous
the hosts of the ball
good-natured old man, rich man - hospitable, his wife good-natured
Varenka
V white dress, in white gloves, in white shoes, she has radiant, flushed face and affectionate cute eyes
Colonel
Handsome, stately, tall, fresh, With white mustache , white sideburns, with shiny eyes
Ivan Vasilievich
Satisfied, happy, blissful, kind,
Execution:
Something big, black, hard, bad music
A lot of black people in black uniforms,
punishable
Naked waist-deep, his back is something motley, wet, red, unnatural
Colonel
High military man, walking hard trembling gait
Ivan Vasilievich
Was ashamed , lowered his eyes, my heart was almost physical, almost nauseating, melancholy
COLONEL “A tall military man in an overcoat and cap.” “He walked with a firm, trembling gait.” “Ruddy face and white mustache and sideburns.” “A tall, stately figure moved with a firm step.” PUNISHED A man naked to the waist, his back “something unnaturally motley, wet, red.” “Jerking with his whole body, splashing his feet on the melted snow... then tipping back..., then falling forward”... “A face wrinkled with suffering.” “Stumbling, writhing man.” The contrast intensifies when the narrator sees how tall, stately colonel strong hand V suede glove hits the face of a short, weak soldier.
Dancing (verbs) – colonel
Description of punishment (verbs)
He stomped, threw, passed, placed, connected, fell, kissed, let down
Pushed, fell, holding. Pulled; turned; grinning, he repeated; did not speak, but sobbed; waved and slapped
Colonel at the ball
Colonel on the parade ground
Beautiful, stately , high, fresh.
WITH white mustache, white sideburns, with sparkling eyes,
a joyful smile,
with a wide chest,
strong shoulders
long slender legs,
he was built beautifully
He walked... drawing air into himself, puffing out his cheeks, and slowly released it through his protruding lip;
frowning menacingly and viciously,
high military man in an overcoat and cap.
He walked with a firm, trembling gait,
rosy face and white mustache And whiskers .
Moved with a firm step high , stately figure.
What, is the colonel double-minded? At the ball he is depicted wearing a mask, and after the ball in his true light, without a mask ?
However, Tolstoy uses not only reception of contrast, but also comparisons
Glove
33 pp. According to the laws of noble honor, before the dance, pull a suede glove on right hand, take out " w pagu from a sword belt.”
Sincere at the ball?
P. 38. Why is it mentioned in the 2nd scene glove ?
And, if the opportunity arises, strike the offending soldier with this suede-gloved hand.
The contrast intensifies.
- Why does Pyotr Vladislavovich pretend that he did not recognize Ivan Vasilyevich and hastily turn away?
- Does this diminish his guilt?
Contrast in the system of images
Colonel
What are the conclusions about spiritual qualities Is the colonel prompted by observations of his attitude towards his daughter at the ball?
What qualities of his nature are revealed in the scene on the parade ground?
What is the root of these contradictions, according to Tolstoy?
Ivan Vasilievich
How does Ivan Vasilyevich appear in the characteristics of his interlocutors?
What role did “chance” play in Ivan Vasilyevich’s life?
How does the hero characterize his decision not to serve in military service and not to serve anywhere?
Conclusion
What do you see as the critical power of the story?
In the original editions, the story had the following titles: “Daughter and Father,” “And You Say.” Why did the writer prefer the title “After the Ball?”
Composition is a way of expressing an idea.
- In contrast, we saw the contradictions between the carefree life of the “upper” and the lack of rights of the “lower”
- Tolstoy shows a bizarre combination of good and evil vices in the soul of the colonel, condemns cruelty, but also exposes the objective social conditions, distorting human nature, instilling in him false concepts of duty.
Good
Bad
He was ashamed, he felt horror
Humiliation of human dignity
Didn't stand up But why?
Shame for your tenderness,
“What do you think, what did I decide then…”
for your love,
I blamed myself only for not knowing something, not enough, I spent my whole life trying to understand it
for being a man who knows no evil
Ivan Vasilievich
1. Why did Ivan Vasilievich refuse civil service? Was he right, in your opinion?
2. Did the narrator understand the reasons for the contradictions in the colonel’s character?
3. Why did Ivan Vasilyevich’s love for Varenka fail?
Why is the story most of which is dedicated to the image of the ball, called “After the Ball”?
The events after the ball are a true reflection of reality, the truth of life, and not the feigned thing that usually happens at balls and other social events.
Conclusion
Contrast image heroes, their psychological state, the environment in which they act, allows the writer to reveal the essence of their characters and at the same time expose social contradictions in tsarist Russia.
Conclusion
The writer makes you think about the problem of human responsibility for the environment. It is precisely the awareness of this responsibility for the life of society that distinguishes Ivan Vasilyevich. A young man from a wealthy family, impressionable and enthusiastic, faced with terrible injustice, he dramatically changed his life path, giving up any career. “I was so ashamed that, not knowing where to look, as if I had been caught in the very shameful act, I lowered my eyes and hurried to go home.” He dedicated his life to helping other people: “Say better: no matter how many people would be worthless if you weren’t here.”
The meaning of the story “After the Ball”
If we look directly at the past, our present will also be revealed to us. If we just stop blinding our eyes with fictitious government benefits and benefits and look at the fact that one thing is important: the good and evil of people’s lives, everything will become clear to us. If we give real names to bonfires, torture, scaffolds, brands, recruiting, then we will also find a real name for prisons, prisons, troops with general conscription, prosecutors, gendarmes.
If we don’t say: why commemorate? and let us not obscure the past human affairs with imaginary benefits for various fictions, we will understand what was done before, we will also understand what is being done now. (L.N. Tolstoy. Nikolai Palkin)
Regional state budgetary educational institution that implements adapted basic general education programs « Boarding school No. 1 »
L.N. Tolstoy. After the ball.
(8th grade) .
Performed:
Russian language teacher and
literature KGBOU SHI 1
Zhukova N.G.
Khabarovsk 2016
The purpose of the lesson: identify the initial perception of the story read; introduce the history of creation; show the realistic basis of the work. Develop the ability to analyze images - characters, taking into account the author's position. In the process of analyzing the work, comprehend the main conflict, expose the social contradictions of Tsarist Russia.
Before us is a portrait of L.N. Tolstoy by artist N.N.Ge (1884). "Late evening. The room is immersed in twilight. It seems that there is deep silence in the house, everyone around is sleeping, and only the great worker Tolstoy cannot tear himself away from the work that is his main business life... He wants the truth, understood by him, to become accessible to all people... Tolstoy here looks like a wise and majestic prophet, strict judge and teachers of life... An invisible candle brightly illuminates Tolstoy’s face, the light silvers his gray hair, and this creates a feeling of clarity of thought, inner peace and gentle humanity, so strangely combined with the severity of the preacher.”
- What was the source for creating the story? It is known that the story is based on a story that happened to the writer’s older brother, Serg her
The writer’s memory retained a lot and captured it in this story. Together with the writer, we are transported to the 40s of the 19th century, the time of the reign of Nicholas I . The noble-serf state was still strong at that time. Cane discipline was rampant in the troops, and soldiers for any offense were flogged or driven “through the ranks,” when the person being punished was dragged between the rows of soldiers to the beat of drums, and everyone was obliged to hit their naked bodies with whips. People were often beaten to death b.
Contrast
as a compositional device
The story has the following main parts:
after the ball
introduction
conclusion
at the ball
The story is thus enclosed in a “frame”. This compositional technique is called "a story within a story" because the work is written by the writer in such a way that we learn about all events from the narrator
Observation of linguistic means
ball wonderful, hall beautiful, buffet fabulous
the hosts of the ball
good-natured old man, rich man - hospitable, his wife good-natured
Varenka
V white dress, in white gloves, in white shoes, she has radiant, flushed face and affectionate cute eyes
Colonel
Handsome, stately, tall, fresh, With white mustache , white sideburns, with shiny eyes
Ivan Vasilievich
Satisfied, happy, blissful, kind,
Execution:
Something big, black, hard, bad music
A lot of black people in black uniforms,
punishable
Naked waist-deep, his back is something motley, wet, red, unnatural
Colonel
High military man, walking hard trembling gait
Ivan Vasilievich
Was ashamed , lowered his eyes, my heart was almost physical, almost nauseating, melancholy
Ivan Vasilievich
How does Ivan Vasilyevich appear in the characteristics of his interlocutors?
What role did “chance” play in Ivan Vasilyevich’s life?
How does the hero characterize his decision not to serve in military service and not to serve anywhere?
Contrast in the system of images
Colonel
What conclusions about the colonel’s mental qualities do observations of his attitude towards his daughter at the ball suggest?
What qualities of his nature are revealed in the scene on the parade ground?
What is the root of these contradictions, according to Tolstoy?
The test, guys, will help you remember the content of the story.
He will guide you through its pages once again.
1. Genre of the work:
a) story; b) essay; c) story.
2. It helps to reveal the idea of a work:
a) antithesis; b) hyperbole; c) personification.
3. Number of narrators in the work:
a) one; b) two; c) several.
a) hidden;
c) conveyed by one of the characters.
5. The role of the introduction to the work:
A ) show the time and place of action;
b) introduce the participants in the events;
c) introduce the narrator.
6. Turn the same stylistic figure
( «… blows still fell from both sides on the stumbler,
a writhing man, and still the drums beat and the flute whistled,
and still moved with the same firm step …
stately figure of a colonel …» )
a) reproduces sad whistle flutes;
b) shows the colonel in a new role;
c) conveys the horror of what is happening.
7. The work makes you think about:
a) the fate of the colonel;
b) a person’s personal responsibility for the life of society;
c) the love of Ivan Vasilyevich.
8. Theme of the work:
a) a story about the love of Ivan Vasilyevich;
b) a story about a colonel;
c) showing Nikolaev Russia.
9. Image of a colonel:
A ) typical;
b) tragic;
c) exceptional.
10. Tone of the story in this work:
a) neutral
b) emotionally charged;
c) protocol dry.
What social and moral problems does Tolstoy raise in his story “After the Ball”?
The main idea of Tolstoy's story is a passionate protest against hypocrisy and violence, against the humiliation of human dignity.
In the fate of the modest and unassuming decent person, depicted by Tolstoy, reflected a phenomenon whose meaning does not open immediately, but, in fact, is very large and does not decrease, but increases in the course of human history. The shock experienced by Ivan Vasilyevich freed him from narrow class morality, with its legalized inhumanity towards the lower: the Tatar’s plea for mercy, compassion and anger sounding in the words of the blacksmith became clear to him; Without realizing it, he shares the highest human laws of morality.
Lesson to consolidate knowledge.
Subject: "After the ball". Artistic originality story. Contrast as the main one artistic device story
Lesson objectives:
Educational:
1. Show the features of the composition of the story “After the Ball.”
2. Introduce contrast as the main artistic device of the story.
3. Teach to see and understand the author’s position.
4. Understand the material covered and evaluate yourself.
Educational:
1.Develop cognitive interest to the artistic word.
2.Develop imagination, associative and logical thinking.
3.Develop creative thinking, promote creative self-realization of students.
Educational:
1. Develop the ability to listen and hear carefully.
2.Draw the attention of students to the problem of spirituality.
2. To cultivate the moral qualities of the individual: mercy, respect for people, kindness.
Working methods: testing, analytical conversation, expressive reading, elements of dispute, retelling, analysis literary work. Differentiated work with students.
Materials for the lesson:
1. Test.
2.Work cards
3. Score sheets.
4. Colored answer cards.
5. Texts of the work.
6..Multimedia technology.
During the classes.
1.Introduction. Reflection of mood.
Teacher's words: Music:
Late evening. The room is in twilight. There is deep silence in the house, everyone around is sleeping, and only the great worker Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy cannot tear himself away from work, which is now the main work of his life. He wants the truth, understood by him, to become available to all people. Tolstoy here looks like a wise and majestic prophet, a strict judge and teacher of life. An invisible candle brightly illuminates the writer’s face, the light silvers his gray hair, and this creates a feeling of clarity of thought, inner peace and gentle humanity.
What does Tolstoy write there? What truths does he want to convey to us?
At the last lesson, we watched excerpts from a film about Leo Tolstoy, talked about his work and biography, and began reading the story “After the Ball.” Today we are working on composition, structure, artistic features story. The topic of the lesson is “After the ball.” The artistic originality of the story. Contrast as the main artistic device of the story
To immerse yourself in the atmosphere of the lesson, let's remember the main milestones of Tolstoy's life, which will help us in understanding the story.
Each of you has a work card and a score sheet. Today in class you evaluate yourself. You mark all your answers on this assessment sheet in certain columns.
2.Updating basic knowledge.
The first task, as I already said, is to update knowledge about the writer. Today you work throughout the lesson in groups. You have a couple of minutes to think and write on the work cards - what important information about L.N. Tolstoy will be useful to us today. Discuss your answer and write down the necessary information on your worksheet.
Let's check. Which group wants to respond? Let's listen and add. Don't forget to mark your answers on the score sheet.
(Children's expected answers:
Lived all his life in Yasnaya Polyana, left the estate only for a few years when he served in the Caucasus;
all his life he followed the path of self-knowledge, analyzed his actions, tried to understand why people act this way and not otherwise;
paid special attention to history, and over the years came to a philosophical understanding of it;
The peasants respected him very much, the poor always came to his house, he was always ready to help everyone. He was very close to the people. He himself took part in peasant labor (plowed the land, planted gardens);
While serving in the army, he believed that a soldier was on equal terms with an officer. In the face of death, everyone is equal;
the incident in the story is based on real events. This happened to his older brother Sergei Nikolaevich Tolstoy.)
The groups were preparing for today different material and today in class each group will present their prepared answers. In addition, during the lesson the groups will work not only differentiated, receiving different tasks, but also all together - in the so-called co-creation, when it comes to in-depth analysis of the text.
I named these groups:
historians,
creative writers,
literary scholars,
philosophers.
A group of historians prepared material for us about Tolstoy’s personal impressions of serving in the army.
1 student talks about the participation of L.N. Tolstoy in the Crimean War (after the student’s answer additional question teachers:
What attitude could a young officer have towards a simple soldier if this soldier next to him heroically defended the surrounded city?)
Student 2 prepared a message on the topic “Leo Tolstoy – a fighter for justice.” (after the student’s answer, an additional question from the teacher:
Why couldn’t Leo Tolstoy stay away from the unfair treatment of the common soldier?)
In the 19th century, soldier was almost a dirty word. Let's listen to a short excerpt from the writer's diary journalistic writings about how a soldier was characterized in the 19th century. The excerpt was prepared by a group of literary scholars.
The student expressively reads an excerpt from the journalistic works of L.N. Tolstoy
(Student message:
Soldier is a dirty word in the mouths of our people, a soldier is a creature driven only by bodily suffering. A soldier is a rude creature, coarsening even more in the sphere of deprivation, labor and lack of foundations of education, knowledge of the form of government, the causes of war and all human feelings. According to the law, a soldier has only what is strictly necessary, but in reality it is less than for a man of strong build to die - the weak die from hunger and cold. The punishment of a soldier for the slightest offense is a painful death, the highest reward is a distinction that gives him the right, inherent in man, not to be beaten at will by everyone. This is who is the defender of our fatherland.
The spirit of oppression is so widespread in our army that cruelty is a quality that the youngest officers boast about. They mark the soldiers, beat them every minute, and the soldier does not respect himself, hates his superiors, and the officer does not respect the soldier.
In the 1820s, the Semyonov officers, the flower of the youth of that time, decided not to use corporal punishment in their regiment, and, despite the then strict requirements of front-line service, the regiment continued to be exemplary even without the use of corporal punishment...
This is how educated Russians viewed corporal punishment 75 years ago. And now for 75 years, and in our time, the grandchildren of these people sit as zemstvo leaders in the presence and calmly discuss questions about whether they should or should not, and how many blows with rods should be given to such and such an adult, sometimes a grandfather.
The most advanced of these grandchildren in committees and zemstvo assemblies draw up statements, addresses and petitions that, for hygienic and pedagogical purposes, not all men (people of the peasant class) should be flogged, but only those who have not completed their course in public schools...
...But this is not the main harm of this disgrace. The main harm is in state of mind those people who establish, permit, prescribe this lawlessness, those who use it as a threat, and all those who live in the conviction that such a violation of all justice and humanity is necessary for a good, correct life. What terrible moral mutilation must occur in the minds and hearts of such people, often young, who, I myself heard, with an air of thoughtfulness practical wisdom They say that a man cannot help but be flogged and that it is better for the man.
It’s these people that I feel most sorry for for the brutality into which they have fallen and in which they will remain stuck... It’s a shame! 1905 (From the journalistic works of L.N. Tolstoy).
My question is addressed to creative writers. Is it just the story that happened with brother L.N. Tolstoy, which we talked about in the last lesson, formed the basis of the story “After the Ball”? (student answer)
Testing knowledge of the content of the text.
It's time for us to move on to analyzing the story. Using the test, we will remember its content and restore the material about the story that we covered in the last lesson. Before you are the test questions, we underline the answers or circle them on the work card.
TEST on knowledge of the text
1. Genre of the work:
A) essay
B) story
B) story
2. Theme of the work:
a) a story about the love of Ivan Vasilyevich;
b) a story about a colonel;
c) showing Nikolaev Russia.
3. It helps to reveal the idea of a work:
A) antithesis
B) hyperbole
B) personification
4. Why did the colonel, attentive and sensitive at the ball, turn out to be cruel and heartless after the ball?
B) put on a “mask” of integrity at the ball
C) the colonel performs his duties
5. The work makes you think about:
a) the fate of the colonel;
b) personal responsibility of a person for the life of society;
c) the love of Ivan Vasilyevich.
In addition to my test questions, a group of creative writers prepared a mini-game for a couple of minutes. The questions also concern the content. But your task is simply to raise the desired card. If you agree with the statement - red, if you disagree - green.
(Prepared test game:
1. Ivan Vasilyevich’s whole life changed from one night.
2. The story “After the Ball” is set in the last day of Maslenitsa.
3. The colonel and his daughter danced all evening.
4. Varenka’s father always did everything according to the law.
5. Pyotr Vladislavovich refused to stay for dinner because he was very tired.
6. Spitzrutens are sticks or rods for whipping, which were used to beat those being punished.
7. Ivan Vasilyevich’s love still did not wane after seeing the soldier’s punishment.
8. The type of composition of the work “After the Ball” is a story within a story.
9. Main idea story idea personal responsibility of a person for what is happening.
10. The composition of the work is based on the technique of contrast.
Work with text.
- In the text we had a question about genre. Let's talk about this a little more. Literary critics, the floor is yours. Try to prove that the genre of the work is a story.
(Suggested student answer:
Before us is a story and we found the following signs of this genre:
prose work;
small in volume;
it tells about two events in the hero’s life;
a small amount of characters).
Creative writers, name all the characters (Varenka, colonel, Ivan Vasilyevich, punished)
Literary scholars, what interesting things did you notice in the composition of the story?
A story within a story
A writer to the extent of this small work was able to show one of the terrible sides of life in the era of NicholasI
Yes indeed! Tolstoy paints us the era of the 40s. 19th century. For the use of Nikolai's spitzrutensIcalled Nikolai Palkin. Historians, you have the floor.
(The guys talk about what execution is and about the punishment of soldiers.
During the reign of Emperor Nicholas I Russian army there was the most severe cane discipline. Execution was the name of a terrible punishment common in the first half of the nineteenth century in the army during the reign of NicholasI .
The soldier was driven through the ranks and beaten with rods or sticks. "It's not a week
passed so that a person or two from the regiment would not be beaten to death. Nowadays it’s no longer
they know what sticks are, but then this word never left my mouth. Sticks, sticks!.. We have
and the soldiers nicknamed Nikolai Palkin. Nikolai Pavlych, and they say Nikolai
Palkin. That’s how the nickname came to him,” recalls the old 95-year-old soldier, hero
Tolstoy's articles "Nikolai Palkin") .
Unfamiliar words: execution and spitsruten - we will write them down in the dictionaries in your work cards.
Execution - corporal punishment.
Spitsruten (German from Spitze tip, and Ruthe rod). Long flexible rods made of wicker, which were used to strike the punished person, driven through the gauntlet (in Russian state 1701-1863).
Philosophers, why do you think Tolstoy turns to the 40s, although the story itself was written in 1903? Try to answer the question.
(Tolstoy turns to the events of 75 years ago to show that during this time almost nothing has changed: blatant arbitrariness and cruelty reign in the army, justice and humanity are violated at every step. What worried Tolstoy most of all was that educated people believed that this was necessary for a “good and correct” life).
What is unusual about the structure of the story? (the story is based on the contrast of 2 events from the hero’s life)
Reading and analyzing text.
What is contrast? (opposition)
In the last lesson, we talked about the plan for constructing a story. What events are built on contrast? (ball and punishment scene)
The first scene of the ball. Look at the screen. Father and daughter are dancing. What do we see? The rustle of dresses, bright colors... To better understand the atmosphere that reigned at the ball, let's read expressively:
(1 student reads the ball scene)
In order to show the contrast, let’s immediately listen to the scene of the soldier’s punishment. Pay attention to the screen. In what colors does the picture of a soldier’s punishment appear before us? Let's listen. (2nd student reads the punishment scene)
In order to show the contrast, we need to do a fairly deep analysis of the text: namely, the scenes of the ball and after the ball. In your work card you have a table. Now all groups are working on the same task. The so-called co-creation. We are all in the role of researchers.
- When filling out tables, you can use not only words, but also expressions that help to most fully identify the essence of what is happening. Not only the text of the story, but also the illustrations will help us in this work.
Children work (5 min).
(Approximate expected completion of the table:
Something black and terrible was approaching me; something motley, wet, red, unnatural, that I did not believe that it was a human body.
Appearance of the main character of the episode (Varenka/Soldier)
Shining, affectionate, sweet eyes, a flushed face with dimples, a joyful smile; laughed, danced; admired, admired.
A stumbling, writhing man; the person being punished turned his face, wrinkled with suffering; he did not speak, but sobbed: “Brothers, have mercy.”
Sounds, character of music
The ball was wonderful; famous musicians; Mazurka, quadrille, waltz.
There was some other, hard, bad music, the beating of drums.
Psychological condition narrator
1) I was not only cheerful and contented, I was happy, blissful, I was kind, I was not me, but some unearthly creature, knowing no evil, capable of only good;
2) I not only admired them, but looked at them with rapturous emotion;
3) At that time I embraced the whole world with my love; At that time I felt some kind of enthusiastic and tender feeling (for her father);
4)Endlessly happy.
There was an almost physical melancholy in my heart, reaching the point of nausea, such that I stopped several times, and it seemed to me that I was about to vomit with all the horror that entered me from this sight; But as soon as he began to fall asleep, he heard and saw everything again and jumped up.
Description of the Colonel
Tall, stately, handsome, fresh, ruddy face, with a curled mustache, a joyful smile, protruding chest, a loving, attentive father.
A stately figure moved next to the punished; The self-confident, angry voice of the colonel shouting: “Are you going to smear? Will you? A ruthless, cruel colonel, confident in his rightness
- We need to do one more little text analysis. Each group now has its own task, which you are given 4-5 minutes to complete. All tasks are on work cards.Literary scholars , you need to find the figurative and expressive means used by the author of the work and show the purpose of their use.
(children's expected answer:
Tolstoy uses syntactic means: repetition and parallel phrase structure. He conveys the callousness, duration and horror of what was happening by repeating the same words: “blows still fell from both sides on the stumbling, writhing man, and the drums still beat and the flute whistled, and the tall, stately woman still moved with a firm step.” the figure of a colonel next to the person being punished
This technique is also present in the first part: it conveys a feeling of infinity of happiness: “I waltzed again and again,” “once again I chose her, and we walked along the hall for the hundredth time.” The word "yet" is enhanced by the French "encore".
Great amount epithets:
Graceful, affectionate, lovely, shining, blushed, beautiful, tall, stately, fresh, affectionate, joyful, brilliant.
Cruel, bad music, unpleasant, scary, wrinkled with suffering, writhing, firm step, frightened, menacing, angry, angry)
Creative writers , show the contrast in the portrait characteristics of the heroes - the colonel and the soldier.
(children's expected answer:
Portrait characteristics heroes.
Tall military man in an overcoat and capA man stripped to the waist, tied to the guns of two soldiers. His back is something motley, wet...
Ruddy face and white mustache with sideburns
Face wrinkled with suffering
Walked with a firm, bouncing gait
Twitching with their whole body, slapping their feet on the melted snow... they pushed...
A tall, stately figure moved with a firm step
Walks, stumbling and writhing in pain
Historians , if you had to draw illustrations for the story, what colors and paints would you use to depict the scenes of the ball and after the ball.
Philosophers, how would you comment on the quote?
“I renounced the life of our circle, recognizing that this is not life, but only a semblance of life, that the conditions of excess in which we live deprive us of the opportunity to understand life, and that in order to understand life, I must understand life not exceptions, not us, but life common people» L.N. Tolstoy.
Conversation.
Positional discussion: “Images of the colonel and the narrator.”
So, we have come to the point where we need to draw conclusions from all our observations.
What did the contrast help convey?
Shows the contrast of events. The bright, joyful colors of the ball in Part 1 and the carefree fun of young people sharply set off the gloomy picture of Part 2.
The contrasting depiction of the mood helped convey the turning point in the narrator’s soul.
What conclusions can be drawn from these observations?
The episode of the ball and the events after the ball are contrasted with each other. A contrasting depiction of characters, circumstances, and events is an important technique for comprehending the idea of a story.
These episodes are organically connected with each other. The contrast helped show the turning point in the hero’s soul. The mask from the outwardly prosperous, elegant reality is torn off.
The more festive and luxurious the hero imagined the world to be at the beginning, the more unexpected, tragic, and bitter his insight turned out to be.
Now let's take a closer look at the narrator on whose behalf the story is told. What kind of person is this, what problems bother him, what does he think about? Why does the author “trust” the story about the event to Ivan Vasilyevich?
A thinking person, reflecting on life. The hero is concerned about moral and social problems. A person who is not indifferent, with a conscience. The author’s attitude towards the narrator is expressed by a direct assessment of one of the listeners: “Well, we know how good you are... No matter how many people would be no good if you were not there.”
Why didn’t Ivan Vasilyevich intervene in what was happening?
He cannot imagine that a bad, evil, disgusting thing would be done with such ease and confidence without a serious reason: “... they knew something that I did not know.”
What did the incident with the soldier make Ivan Vasilyevich think about? What was he “trying to find out” about?
It is important for the hero to know what moral principles society, the criteria for assessing good and evil, what the army is based on, of which he dreamed of being an officer.
Public morality, based on cruelty and violence, contradicts the moral ideas of Ivan Vasilyevich.
How did Ivan Vasilyevich’s life change after the incident with the Tatar?
He abandoned his military career. The hero chooses the path of “non-participation in lies” and cruelty. This is the path of moral self-improvement, internal opposition to social evil. And the hero’s love began to wane.
What conclusion can be drawn about the hero?
Hero, giving up military career, lived his life in accordance with his conscience, instructing his neighbors on the path of good. Not personal happiness, love, but the search for truth and goodness is the meaning of his life.
Many critics see the basis of the conflict in this story in the depiction of the colonel's double-mindedness. In their opinion, the colonel at the ball (in the semi-darkness of the hall) is depicted in a mask, and after the ball (morning) in the true light. Do you think this is true? Here you can argue:
The colonel is convinced that “everything must be done according to the law.” He is the way the narrator portrayed him: sincere in his relationship with his daughter, amiable with people of a certain circle. Maybe somewhere in the depths of his soul, while performing his duty, he has a feeling of pity for the unfortunate person, humiliated man. Or maybe, as an old military servant, he is accustomed to such torture, so he does not understand why, but he knows that it is so necessary: “Everything is according to the law.”
We know from the text how he, probably ashamed, pretends that he does not recognize Ivan Vasilyevich. But this does not relieve him of guilt, but only to some extent explains the motives of his actions.
Comparison of story editions
We talked about how the ending of the story was changed. Listen to the rough and final version.
Why did Tolstoy change the ending of the story?
And without knowing, I could not enter military service, as he wanted before, and not only did not serve in the military, but he did not serve anywhere and, as you can see, was no good.”
Summing up the lesson.
We took a trip to the 19th century. We plunged into the language of Leo Tolstoy. We observed how masterfully the author used contrast as an artistic device in creating bright portraits, in the figurative characterization of actions and the transmission of the subtlest emotional experiences of the characters. Later, in higher grades, you will get acquainted with other great works of Tolstoy and see that the ideas of humanism, humanity, conscience, and justice run like a red thread through all of his work.
Groups, ask each other questions about the lesson.
(suggested questions:
- What technique is the basis of the story? ? (contrast)
- What did the contrast help us see in the text? (pictures of good and evil in real world)
-What does this story make you think about? What L. Tolstoy wanted to convey to us with this story ?
(The story makes us think about a person’s responsibility for life in society. A person is responsible for everything that happens in the world. We must love each other, understand, do good)).
The work cards indicate homework. Let's see. Let's discuss it. You choose the task yourself.
Imagine that Ivan Vasilyevich decided to write a letter to Varenka. Write a letter in 1st person.
Showcase the story “After the Ball” using color.
Imagine that you are deputies and are promoting to the Duma new project: vault moral laws. Write 3-4 laws, preferably in tune with the lesson.
Write down epithets for words
S P
Oh Oh
L L
D K
A O
T V
For example, S – weak, suffering O – offended
5) Compose a letter from a soldier from the distant past (or a letter to a soldier)
Let's conclude:
Tolstoy's story shows not only the good and cruel principles of man, but also the social injustice that reigns around. The writer raises the problem of a person’s responsibility for everything that happens in his life.
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