Passat, small rocket ship. Bad Weather Division

Small rocket ships.

Project 1234 ships ("Nanuchka-I class" according to NATO classification) are designed to protect sea communications, guard convoys, and combat surface ships in coastal areas. The ship's power plant consists of three diesel engines with a total power of 30,000 hp, which rotate three propellers. The maximum speed is 34 knots.

The first two small missile ships of Project 1234 were in service until April 25, 1970. only digital tactical name: lead "MRK-3", first production hull - "MRK-7". Subsequent ships were assigned “weather” names, traditional for Soviet patrol ships of the Great Patriotic War, and for their “weather” names they were called the “bad weather division.” The lead ship of the "Storm" project.

Photos of the ships were taken from the site www.forums.airbase.ru

Small rocket ship Storm.

Small rocket ship MRK-3 - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched October 18, 1968, April 25, 1970. renamed "Storm". Entered service on September 30, 1970, and already on February 9, 1971. became part of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). July 5, 1971 The management of the 166th Novorossiysk Red Banner Division of small missile ships was formed, and on August 14, 1971. small missile ships MRK "Burya" and "Breeze" are subordinate to the commander of the 166th DNMRK. March 11, 1980 The 295th Sulino Red Banner division of torpedo boats was disbanded and on its basis the 295th Sulino Red Banner division of small missile ships was created, consisting of:

MRK "Storm";

MRK "Groza";

MRK-5;

PD-26;

PD-19.

By order of the Navy Civil Code dated December 24, 1976. The Zarnitsa and Burya MRKs were declared the best tactical group of MRKs based on the results of an inspection by the USSR Ministry of Defense.

04/15 to 06/16/1982 Together with the Grom MRK and PRTB-33 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

Board numbers: 540, 354, 961, 964(1977), 604(1978), 601, 603, 602(1982), 609(1984), 605(1986), 608(1990), 624(1.05.1990). Decommissioned: 1991

Small rocket ship Breeze.

Small rocket ship MRK-7 - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched October 10, 1969, April 25, 1970. renamed "Breeze". Entered service on December 31, 1970, and already on February 9, 1971. became part of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). Since December 1970 testing of the Malachite rocket launcher began - the first launch took place on December 29, 1970.

July 5, 1971 The management of the 166th Novorossiysk Red Banner Division of small missile ships was formed, and on August 14, 1971. small missile ships MRK "Burya" and "Breeze" are subordinate to the commander of the 166th DNMRK.

October 30, 1973 Together with the Groza MRK, PRTB-13 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. While on duty, in October, the exercise “Conducting a missile strike by a TG MRK on an AUG from a tracking position based on data from its own assets” was conducted.

From 01.11 to 17.11.1974 Together with the Vikhr MRK and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. When carrying out tasks, we carried out weapons tracking of the Littell Rock missile launcher and conducted a missile strike exercise against the Forrestal missile launcher and the Long Beach missile launcher.

From 25.06 to 01.08.1977 Together with the Zarnitsa MRK and PRTB-13 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. When performing tasks, we carried out weapon tracking of the Long Beach missile launcher for the US Navy integrated supply ship.

From 17.06 to 08.08.1978 Together with the Grom MRK and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. We carried out the task of tracking the Kitty Hawk AVU with weapons. On June 22-27, the MRK "Briz" as part of the group of ships of the RKR "Admiral Golovko", the BOD "Ochakov" made an official visit to the port of Latakia, SAR.

From July 23 to September 3, 1979 Together with the Grom MRK and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. During combat service, they carried out long-term tracking with the weapons of the AUG AVU "Forrestal" CR URO "Yarnel", FR URO "Kelsh".

From September 19 to October 20, 1980 Together with the Zyb MRK and PRTB - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. During the exercise “Destruction of an AUG by forces of 5 OPESK in cooperation with the MRA of the fleet,” they carried out weapons tracking of the AUG AVU “America”, the CR URO “Little Rock”, the FR URO “Vodzh”, a comprehensive supply ship of the US Navy, with the subsequent delivery of a simulated missile strike .

From August 15 to September 2, 1981 went to the BS for reinforcement (the BS MRK "Zyb", MRK "Zarnitsa" and PRTB-13 were already carried on the spot) due to the aggravated situation in Lebanon on August 15. The ships carried out weapons tracking of the AUG AVU "Enterprise" of the CRA URO "Long Beach" followed by the TDK "Guadalcanal" south of the island of Cyprus.

In 1981 The tactical group consisting of the Briz and Zarnitsa missile launchers was declared the best in missile training in shooting at sea targets and received a challenge prize from the USSR Navy.

From 25.05 to 05.08.1983 Together with the MRK "Komsomolets of Mordovia" MRK "Zarnitsa" and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

from November 20, 1983 to 02/20/1984 Together with the MRK "Komsomolets of Mordovia" and PRTB-33 they carried BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

From 05/10/1987 to 05/20/1988 joined the BS in Cam Ranh.

Board numbers: 356, 966, 962(1977), 963, 967, 611, 602(1980), 623, 617(1982), 606(1984), 612(1984), 618(1986), 403(05.1987), 430(05.1990). Decommissioned: 1992.

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Small rocket ship Vikhr - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on July 22, 1970, and entered service on September 30, 1971, and already on November 1, 1971. became part of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF).

From 01.11 to 17.11.1974 Together with the Briz MRK and PRTB-33 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. When carrying out tasks, we carried out weapons tracking of the Littell Rock missile launcher and conducted a missile strike exercise against the Forrestal missile launcher and the Long Beach missile launcher.

08/01/1977 transferred to the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF).

07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.

Board numbers: 978(1975), 351(1976), 955, 966, 425(1985), 438(05.1990), 432(1994).

Decommissioned: 1994

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Small rocket ship Grad - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on April 30, 1972, and entered service on September 30, 1972, and already on October 31, 1972, became part of the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (DKBF). In 1983, 1985 and 1987 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

26.7.1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's

Board numbers: 941(1973), 506, 567, 552(1987), 582(1990). Decommissioned: 1993

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Small rocket ship Grom - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on October 29, 1972, and entered service on December 28, 1972, and already on January 31, 1973. became part of the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (DKBF). September 4, 1973 transferred to the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). In 1978 and 1992 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

From 3.06 to 8.09.1975 Together with the Zarnitsa MRK and PRTB-33 (KUG) BS in the Mediterranean Sea. On July 11, the KUG was given the task of carrying out reconnaissance, tracking and launching a conditional missile strike on the Forrestal missile launcher, passing the meridian 22 degrees. The problem was successfully solved on July 12.

From 17.06 to 8.08.1978 Together with the Briz MRK and PRTB-33 (KUG) BS in the Mediterranean Sea. We carried out the task of tracking the Kitty Hawk with weapons.

From July 23 to September 3, 1979 Together with the Briz MRK and PRTB-33 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. During combat service, they carried out long-term tracking with the weapons of the AUG AVU "Forrestal" CR URO "Yarnel", FR URO "Kelsh".

04/15 to 06/16/1982 Together with the Burya MRK and PRTB-33 (KUG) BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

26.7.1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.

Board numbers: 361(1976), 976(1977), 818(1979), 608, 604(1982), 605(1984), 607(1986), 622(1.05.1990). Decommissioned: 1995

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Small rocket ship Groza - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on July 26, 1972, and entered service on December 28, 1972, and already on January 31, 1973. became part of the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (DKBF). September 4, 1973 transferred to the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). On March 11, 1980, the 295th Sulino Red Banner Division of torpedo boats was disbanded and on its basis the 295th Sulina Red Banner Division of small missile ships was created, consisting of:

MRK "Storm";

MRK "Groza";

MRK-5;

PD-26;

PD-19.

October 30, 1973 Together with the Briz MRK and PRTB-13 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. While on duty, in October, the exercise “Conducting a missile strike by a TG MRK on an AUG from a tracking position based on data from its own assets” was conducted.

From 2.06 to 12.07.1976 Together with the Zarnitsa MRK and PRTB-13 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. From June 19, we carried out weapons tracking of the AVU "America". KR URO "Yarnel", FR "Voj". Participation in the exercises "Crimea-76".

Board numbers: 363, 358, 977(1973), 970, 611, 604(1980), 613(1982), 614(1984), 604(1986), 619(1.05.1990). Decommissioned: 1992

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Small rocket ship Zarnitsa - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on April 28, 1973, and entered service on September 18, 1973, and already on October 26, 1973. became part of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). In 1978, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1993, 1994 and 1998 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

From 3.06 to 8.09.1975 Together with the Grom MRK and PRTB-33 (KUG) BS in the Mediterranean Sea. On July 11, the KUG was given the task of carrying out reconnaissance, tracking and launching a conditional missile strike on the Forrestal missile launcher, passing the meridian 22 degrees. The problem was successfully solved on July 12.

From 2.06 to 12.07.1976 Together with the Groza MRK and PRTB-13 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. From June 19, we carried out weapons tracking of the AVU "America". KR URO "Yarnel", FR "Voj". Participation in the exercises "Crimea-76".

By order of the Navy Civil Code dated December 24, 1976, the Zarnitsa and Burya MRKs were declared the best tactical group of MRKs based on the results of an inspection by the USSR Ministry of Defense.

From 25.06 to 01.08.1977 Together with the Briz MRK and PRTB-13 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. When performing tasks, we carried out weapon tracking of the Long Beach missile launcher for the US Navy integrated supply ship.

From July 15 to September 2, 1981 Together with the Zyb MRK and PRTB-13 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. The ships carried out weapons tracking of the AUG AVU "Enterprise" of the CRA URO "Long Beach" followed by the TDK "Guadalcanal" south of the island of Cyprus.

In 1981 The tactical group consisting of the Briz and Zarnitsa missile launchers was declared the best in missile training in shooting at sea targets and received a challenge prize from the USSR Navy.

In 1984 a tactical group consisting of the Zarnitsa MRK and the Komsomolets Mordovia MRK received the challenge prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile firing at the MC.

From May 15 to June 15, 1984 Together with Komsomolets Mordovia - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In the period from May 27 to May 29, the MRK TG as part of KUG-2 took part in the operational-tactical exercise 5 OPEC "Destruction of enemy AMG OS RUS in cooperation with the fleet MRA"

09/24/93 - a tactical group consisting of the Zarnitsa MRK and the Mirage MRK received the challenge prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile firing at the MC.

09/22/94 a tactical group consisting of the Zarnitsa MRK and the Shtil MRK received the challenge prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile firing at the MC.

06/12/1997 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.

Board numbers: 363(1976), 973, 972, 607, 618, 606(1990), 621(1.05.1990). Decommissioned: 2005

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Small rocket ship Shkval - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on December 28, 1973, and entered service on June 14, 1974, and already on July 16, 1974. became part of the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (DKBF) as part of the 106th MRK division of the 76th BEV, based at the Winter Harbor of the Liepaja naval base. After 1992 The division was transferred to the 36th Missile Boat Brigade of the 12th Surface Ship Division.

Board numbers: 915 (1976), 551 (1985), 567, 565. Decommissioned: 1994.

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Small rocket ship Metel.

Small rocket ship Metel - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on August 10, 1974, and entered service on December 8, 1974, and already on January 23, 1975. became part of the Red Banner Northern Fleet (KSF). In 1982 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

Board numbers: 923 (1977), 534 (1979), 542. Decommissioned: 1998.

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Small rocket ship Storm.

Small rocket ship Storm - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on March 3, 1975, and entered service on June 15, 1975, and already on July 21, 1975. became part of the Twice Red Banner Baltic Fleet (DKBF). In 1983, 1985 and 1987 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's

Board numbers: 953, 587(1978), 567, 577(1990). Decommissioned: 1998

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Small rocket ship Cyclone - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on May 24, 1977, and entered service on December 31, 1977, and already on February 17, 1978. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF).

Since May 1985 to May 1986 Together with the Typhoon MRK - BS to Vietnam, the South China Sea, Cam Ranh Bay.

07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.

Board numbers: 430, 438, 425(1984), 435(1985), 412(05.1987), 444(05.1990). Decommissioned: 1995

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Small rocket ship Monsoon - built within the framework of project 1234, code “Gadfly”. Launched on July 1, 1981, and entered service on December 30, 1981, and already on February 9, 1982. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF - 165 BrRKA Pacific Fleet). April 16, 1987 died in the Sea of ​​Japan due to spontaneous retargeting of a missile while practicing combat training tasks.

Board numbers: 427(1982), 414(1984).

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The logical continuation of this series of small missile ships was Project 1234.1 (“Nanuchka-III class” according to NATO classification). The main differences of this project are the increase in the main caliber of artillery from 57 mm to 76 mm, the additional installation of one 30 mm AK-630 artillery complex on the ship, as well as new radar and electronic equipment. Despite the relatively small displacement, the ship of this project has high seaworthiness and the ability to use weapons in a sea state of 5 points and a speed of 24 knots.

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Small rocket ship Burun - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code “Gadfly-1”. Launched in July 1977, and entered service on December 30, 1977, and already on February 17, 1978. became part of the Red Banner Northern Fleet (KSF). April 21, 1978 listed in the DKBF.

In 1978 he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.

Board numbers: 570, 559(1986), 566(1990). Decommissioned: 2002

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Small rocket ship Veter.

Small rocket ship Veter - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code “Gadfly-1”. Launched on April 21, 1978, and entered service on September 30, 1978, and already on November 23, 1978. became part of the Red Banner Northern Fleet (KSF). In 1980 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.

Board numbers: 572(1978), 527, 523, 524(1995). Decommissioned: 1995

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Small rocket ship Zyb - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code “Gadfly-1”. Launched on October 23, 1978, and entered service on December 31, 1978, and already on February 16, 1979. became part of the Red Banner Black Sea Fleet (KChF). April 13, 1982 renamed " Komsomolets of Mordovia", and on February 15, 1992 in "Calm".

From September 19 to October 20, 1980 Together with the Briz MRK and PRTB-13 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. During the exercise “Destruction of an AUG by the forces of 5 OPESK in cooperation with the Fleet MRA”, weapons were used to track the AUG AVU “America”, the CR URO “Little Rock”, the FR URO “Vodzh”, a comprehensive supply ship of the US Navy, followed by a simulated missile strike. .

From 15.07 to 02.09.1981 Together with the Zarnitsa MRK and PRTB-13 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. The ships carried out weapons tracking of the AUG AVU "Enterprise" of the CRA URO "Long Beach" followed by the TDK "Guadalcanal" south of the island of Cyprus.

From May 25 to August 5, 1983 Together with the Briz MRK, the Zarnitsa MRK and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

From November 20, 1983 to February 20, 1984 Together with the Briz MRK and PRTB-33 (KUG) - BS in the Mediterranean Sea.

From May 15 to June 15, 1984 Together with the Zarnitsa MRK and PRTB-33 - BS in the Mediterranean Sea. In the period from May 27 to May 29, the MRK TG as part of KUG-2 took part in the operational-tactical exercise 5 OPEC "Destruction of enemy AMG OS RUS in cooperation with the fleet MRA"

In 1984, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1993 and 1998 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

06/12/1997 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.

Currently, the small missile ship "Shtil" of project 1234.1 is part of the 166th Novorossiysk Red Banner small missile ships of the 41st brigade of missile boats.

Board numbers: 608(1982), 609(1984), 605(1986), 620(1.05.1990).

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Small rocket ship Moroz - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code “Gadfly-1”. Launched on September 23, 1989, and entered into service on December 30, 1989, and already on February 28, 1990. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF). 07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's. In 1999 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG)

Board numbers: 434, 450, 402(05.1990), 409(2000).

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Small rocket ship Razliv - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code “Gadfly-1”. Launched on August 24, 1991, and entered service on December 31, 1991, and already on February 11, 1992. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF). 07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's. In 1999 he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

Board numbers: 450(2000).

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Small rocket ship Liven - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code “Gadfly-1”. Launched on October 5, 1986, and April 14, 1987. renamed “XX Congress of the Komsomol”. Entered service on December 25, 1987, and already on February 19, 1988. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF). February 15, 1992 renamed - “Rime”.

07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.

In 1999 he won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

Board numbers: 422(05.1987), 415(05.1990), 418(2000).

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Small rocket ship Tucha - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code “Gadfly-1”. Launched on April 29, 1980, and entered service on July 31, 1980, and already on October 24, 1980. became part of the Red Banner Northern Fleet (KSF).

07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.

In 1995 won the prize of the Navy Civil Code for missile training (as part of the KUG).

Board numbers: 527(1987), 524(1988), 505(1997). Decommissioned: 2005

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Small rocket ship Smerch - built within the framework of project 1234.1, code “Gadfly-1”. Launched on November 16, 1984, and entered service on December 30, 1984, and already on March 4, 1985. became part of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet (KTOF).

Since April 1986 to July 1987 performs combat service missions in Vietnam, the South China Sea, Cam Ranh Bay.

07/26/1992 changed the USSR Naval flag to St. Andrew's.

Board numbers: 415, 418, 450(1987), 405(1990), 423(2000).

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In 1974, the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau issued a technical specification for the development of a fundamentally new small rocket ship with a dynamic support principle - a skeg-type hovercraft of Project 1239 (code "Sivuch"). L.V. was appointed chief designer. Yelsky, the main observer from the Navy was initially Captain 1st Rank V.A. Litvinenko, and then Captain 2nd Rank Yu.N. Bogomolov.

The hovercraft missile ship Project 1239 was created as a development of the small missile ships Projects 1234 and 12341 already available in the USSR Navy. The experience of using these ships in combat service in the Mediterranean Sea showed that ships with such dimensions and a classic hull design are limited in the placement of weapons. Therefore, Project 1239 was made in the form of a catamaran with a large deck, which made it possible to solve the problem of cramped conditions and provide full placement of powerful weapons, and the crew - more comfortable living conditions. In addition, a ship of this design had to be highly seaworthy. When creating the Sivuch, the experience of the Almaz Central Marine Design Bureau and the Soviet shipbuilding industry, acquired during the construction of serial amphibious landing craft Project 1232 (Djeyran), Project 12322 Zubr, etc., was widely used.

The hull of the new rocket ship was made of aluminum alloy. The design consisted of two narrow buildings, covered with a platform measuring 64 x 18 meters, between which air is pumped, and in front there is a special elastic screen. Thus, the ship pr.1239 uses a hydrodynamic platform in the form of a catamaran with aerostatic air unloading (another name for this design is a ship with an air cavity).

The main power plant is a combined one: 2 M-504 diesel engines with a power of 3,300 hp. each is designed to create an air cushion, another 2 M-511A diesel engines with 10,000 hp each. used for displacement mode and 2 gas turbines of 20,000 hp each. designed for full travel. Propulsion is provided by tandem propellers located on two lowered columns and two propellers on shafts at the rear of the hull.

Thanks to the original hull design in combination with the propulsion system, the MRK pr.1239 has unique shipbuilding qualities. First of all, these include the transformability of the hydrodynamic platform and the possibility of using the propulsion system in 36 variants. On the one hand, the ship pr.1239 is a catamaran with a speed range of up to 20 knots, on the other hand, it is a high-speed hovercraft with a maximum speed of over 50 knots. In both cases, the diesel-gas turbine power plant and combined propulsion system, as well as the transformable flexible fencing system, allow the ship to have a wide range of propulsion modes in both normal and emergency conditions.

The armament of the Project 1239 MRK includes the Moskit anti-ship missile complex (two 4-container launchers located on the side) with the Dubrava target designation complex, the Osa-MA self-defense air defense missile system (a retractable launcher is installed on the stern), a bow 76.2-mm gun mount AK-176 and two six-barreled 30-mm AK-630 assault rifles (in the bow and stern) with a Vympel fire control radar. For general detection, the RTO uses the Positive radar, mounted on a mast in a radio-transparent radome. The ship is also equipped with communications, navigation, electronic warfare equipment and launchers for PK-10 and PK-16 self-propelled jamming systems.

During testing, the lead ship of Project 1239 reached a speed of over 50 knots, which confirmed the design characteristics and technical solutions incorporated into its design. The ship could withstand seas of 8 points, and when the sea was up to 5-6 points, it could use its weapons. In fact, this small missile ship has become the largest high-speed combat ship in its subclass in the practice of domestic and world shipbuilding.

Having two separate propulsion systems for cruising and full speed, capable of working separately and together, the Project 1239 ship can move in three main modes (catamaran, KVP-1 and KVP-2), which provides an almost one hundred percent guarantee of progress in any situation ( Thus, in all the past years of operation of the lead MRK “Bora” there has not been a case where the ship returned to base in tow). Moreover, the possibility of moving with the propulsion engines completely turned off was tested: with only the supercharger engines running, the ship was able to move due to the outflow of air from the air cushion to the stern against the wind (7 m/sec) at a speed of 3 knots.

Although Project 1239 was brought to serial production, for the Navy it did not become what was originally intended. The speed of 53 knots was achieved at too high a price: when compared with Project 1234, it turns out that with a similar composition of weapons and a slightly larger displacement, the Sivucha power plant is more than 2.2 times more powerful than the Gadfly. In addition, the cost and complexity of building the MRK Project 1239 is many times greater than its analogues in service with the Navy. Although, on the other hand, the ship carries strike weapons in the same composition as the entire destroyer Project 956 with a displacement of about 8 thousand tons.

Construction program. The lead ship, Project 1239, was built in 1987 at a shipyard in Zelenodolsk and received the name “Bora”. In 1989, it was put into trial operation on the Black Sea. After the collapse of the USSR in February 1993, the second small missile ship of this project, the Samum, was built at the same plant, which, due to the complexity of operation and the mass of developments, was officially accepted into service only by 2000. This ship became the last in the series.

Currently, both Project 1239 missile ships are part of the Russian Navy (in the Black Sea Fleet): one was first transferred to the Baltic for testing, then returned to Sevastopol, the second remained on the Black Sea from the very moment it was commissioned. Both regularly go to sea and take part in maneuvers and shooting exercises.

Despite the fact that at first Project 1239 was designed as a regular MRK and both ships were even assigned a tactical number with these letters during construction, later (due to the obviously large size and displacement for MRKs) they were classified as ships of rank 2, and therefore A new class of RKVP (Rank 2 Rocket Hovercraft) was created specifically for this project. In the west, RTOs pr.1239 received the strange designation Dergach class.

Placing weapons on a missile ship on Project 1239 PV

1 – 76.2 mm universal artillery mount AK-176; 2 – 30-mm six-barrel anti-aircraft guns AK-630M; 3 – four-container launchers for anti-ship missiles “Moskit”; 4 – navigation radar radome; 5 – radome of the target designation radar antenna of the Dubrava anti-ship missile system; 6 – bow and stern sighting column “VK” for manual control of AK-630M assault rifles; 7 – radome of the antenna for receiving external target designation of the SCRC; 8 – firing radar MR-123 “Vympel”; 9 – antenna radome for general detection radar “Positive”; 10 – antennas of the electronic warfare complex “Vympel-R2”; 11 – missile guidance station 4Р33 of the Osa-MA complex; 12 – PU of the PK-16 projectile jammer complex; 13 – PU of the PK-10 projectile jammer complex; 14 – retractable launcher for the Osa-MA air defense system

BRIEF SERVICE HISTORY

“BORA”, until 03/18/1992 MRK-27 [s/n 208]. Laid down on the slipway of the Krasny Metallist shipyard in Zelenodolsk; launched in 1987; accepted into trial operation on December 30, 1989; in 1990 it was transferred via inland waterways to the Black Sea; at the beginning of 1992 it underwent repairs in Kerch; 05/12/1997 officially put into operation; Since 1997, it has been part of the 41st Separate Brigade of Missile Boats of the Black Sea Fleet.

“SAMUM”, until 03/18/1992 MRK-17 [s/n 502]. Laid down on the slipway of the Krasny Metallist shipyard in Zelenodolsk in September 1991; launched 10/12/1992; accepted into trial operation in March 1992; transferred via inland waterways to the Black Sea, arrived in Kerch in November 1992; in March 1993 he arrived in Sevastopol; then he was again sent to the construction plant, and in October 1993 he arrived in Zelenodolsk; in September 1994 it went to the Baltic Sea via inland waterways; since December 1996, it passed state tests in Baltiysk; officially put into operation on February 26, 2000; was part of the 36th missile boat brigade of the Baltic Fleet; in 2002, it was relocated from the Baltic to the Black Sea Fleet and became part of the 41st Separate Brigade of Missile Boats of the Black Sea Fleet.

MAIN TACTICAL AND TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS

Displacement, tons

Standard - 850

Full - 1.050

Basic dimensions , m

Maximum length (according to waterline length) - 63.9

Maximum width (according to the vertical line) - 17.2

Draft while moving on an air cushion - >1

Draft while moving in displacement mode - 3.3

Main power plant :DSTU

2 gas turbines M-10-1,

total power, hp (kW) - 36.000 (26.500)

2 diesel engines M-511A for displacement. mode,

total power, hp (kW) - 20.000 (14.700)

2 diesel engines M-504 for superchargers,

total power, hp (kW) - 6.600 (4.850)

Gas turbine generators, power, kW/d

4 tandem propellers in two columns; 2 propellers on shafts

Travel speed, knots:

Largest - 53

Economic- 12

Cruising range, miles (at speed, knots) 2500 (12)

800 (45)

Autonomy, days 10

Crew, people (including officers)68 (9)

WEAPONS

Impact missile:

PU KT-190 PKRK "Moskit" - 2 X 4

Anti-ship missiles 3М80 "Moskit" (SS-N-22 "Sunburn") - 8

Anti-aircraft missile:

PU ZiF-122 SAM 4K33 “Osa-MA” - 1 X 2

SAM 9M33M (SA-N-4 “Gecko”) - 20

Artillery:

76.2 mm AU AK-176- 1 X 1

30mm ZAK AK-630M-2 X 6

RADIO-ELECTRONIC WEAPONS

General detection radar1 x “Positive” (Cross Dome)

1 x “Dubrava” (Band Stand) also for the control center of the PKRK

Navigation radar 1 x n/a

Electronic warfare systems "Vympel-R2" (2 Foot Ball A)

complexes of fired jammers 2 X 16 PU PK-16

4 X 10 PU PK-10 “Brave”

Fire control radar 1 x "Dubrava" (Band Stand) for anti-ship missile system "Moskit"

2 X (Light Bulb) control center reception for the Moskit anti-ship missile system

1 X 4Р33 (Pop Group) for the Osa-M air defense system

1 X MP-123 “Vympel” (Bass Tilt) for AU and ZAK

communication equipment "Buran-7" complex

State identification radar "Nichrome" (Square Head; Salt Pot)

Possible modernization.

It has been repeatedly noted that in the USSR Navy there was an amazing dependence: the smaller the warship, the more useful it was.
It is still not clear what the heavy aircraft-carrying cruisers of the USSR Navy were. Huge ships with a displacement of under 50 thousand tons left behind only bitter disappointment: high complexity and high cost, lack of coastal infrastructure for their deployment and, in general, unclear purpose made the TAVKRs ineffective and, simply put, useless - none of the tasks originally assigned to them TAVKRs could not solve, and those tasks that were within their power were solved in much cheaper and more effective ways.

Soviet cruisers and BODs acted much more confidently. The ships carried out combat service in all corners of the World Ocean, were regularly in combat zones and vigilantly monitored the forces of the “potential enemy”. Some even managed to “touch” the enemy alive: in 1988, the modest 2nd rank BOD (sentry craft) “Selfless” struck the deck of the missile cruiser USS Yorktown with a steel squall, demolishing half of its side, a crew boat and the Mk-141 installation for launching the Harpoon anti-ship missiles. . American sailors had to postpone cruises in the Black Sea until better times.

Today, the "Selfless" rests on the bottom, and US Navy ships are free to conduct Sea Breeze exercises in the Black Sea. The Montreux Convention prohibits the presence of warships of non-Black Sea states in the Black Sea for more than 21 days, but the formality does not bother the Americans much - once every three weeks the ships go to the Sea of ​​Marmara and return back a few hours later. Thus, the US Navy rescue vessel Grasp has been conducting diving operations in the Odessa port since May 2012.

If the ships of the main classes adequately represented the interests of the USSR in the vast ocean, then Soviet-built missile boats, to use Internet jargon, simply burned. They literally burned destroyers, transport ships, boats... Any enemy was used up. Small ships were actively supplied to the navies of third world countries, which further increased the likelihood of their combat use.
Sometimes I think that the sinking of the destroyer Eilat is given too much importance - the missile boats have other wonderful victories. For example, the daring raids on Karachi by missile boats of the Indian Navy (Soviet Ave. 205) in December 1970. Several Pakistani warships and three transports were sunk. At the end, there was a magnificent fireworks display - P-15 missiles blew up 12 huge tanks of an oil storage facility located on the shore.
The development of electronics and rocket technology has made it possible to create an even more formidable one. The evolution of missile boats in the USSR led to the creation of a completely new class of warships - a small missile ship project with an easy-to-remember code 1234.

Gadfly

A clot of combat matter with a total displacement of 700 tons. Full speed 35 knots. The cruising range at economic speed allows you to cross the Atlantic Ocean (4000 miles at 12 knots). Crew – 60 people.
It is no coincidence that the MRK pr.1234 was called “the pistol at the temple of imperialism.” The main caliber is six launchers of P-120 Malachite anti-ship missiles! The name of the complex directly indicates the estimated firing range - 120 km. The starting weight of the monstrous ammunition is 5.4 tons. The mass of the warhead is 500 kg, some of the missiles were equipped with a special warhead. The rocket's cruising speed is 0.9M.

Even with the naked eye it is noticeable how overloaded the ship is with weapons and combat systems. As for the sober assessment of the MRK Project 1234, the sailors were in two minds about these ships: on the one hand, the salvo is equal in power to several Hiroshimas, on the other hand - low survivability, poor seaworthiness and very little chance of reaching missile attack range. The US Navy command was skeptical about the “missile frigates”: AUG aircraft survey 100 thousand square kilometers of space in an hour - the Russians must be great optimists to expect to approach undetected. The situation was aggravated by a standard problem in naval combat - target designation and guidance. The RTO's own radio-electronic equipment allows it to detect surface targets at a range of the radio horizon (30-40 km). Firing missiles at full range is possible with the presence of external target designation means (for example, Tu-95RTs aircraft). And yet, the enormous power of these small ships forced even the US 6th Fleet to reckon with them. Since 1975, small missile ships began to be regularly included in the 5th operational squadron of the Black Sea Fleet: numerous and ubiquitous, they created many problems for American sailors.
Despite its direct purpose - to fight against ships of a “probable enemy” in closed seas and the near ocean zone - MRK pr. 1234 successfully carried out tasks to protect the state border, provided combat training for aviation and navy, and were even used as anti-submarine ships, while not having on board specialized anti-submarine equipment.

SAM "Osa-M"

The hull dimensions of the export ships Project 1234E remained the same. The power plant consisted of three diesel engines with a capacity of 8600 hp. s, providing a full speed of 34 knots. (the basic project had engines with a power of 10 thousand hp.) The crew was reduced to 49 people. To improve the living conditions of the crew, air conditioners and an additional refrigerator were installed for the first time on export modifications of MRKs.

MRK Algerian Navy "Reis Ali" pr. 1234E

Results in the shooting range: Ivanov → milk, Petrov → milk, Sidorov → Petrov

Many of the P-15 missiles that served their service life ended their careers as aerial targets to provide combat training for anti-aircraft gunners. When the missile was transformed into an RM-15M target, the homing head on it was turned off, and the warhead was replaced with ballast. On April 14, 1987, the Pacific Fleet conducted combat training to practice repelling a missile attack. Everything happened in all seriousness: the Monsoon MRK, the Vikhr MRK and MPK No. 117 formed a warrant at which missile boats fired from a distance of 21 km.
It is still not clear how this could have happened. Self-defense means were unable to repel the attack, and a target missile with an inert warhead hit the superstructure of the Monsoon MRK. Some witnesses to the tragedy were under the impression that the homing head of the target missile was not turned off. This was evidenced by the rocket’s flight path and its “behavior” at the final stage. Hence the conclusion was drawn: the base committed criminal negligence by forgetting to turn off the missile seeker. The official version says that somehow by chance, flying along a ballistic trajectory, the missile hit the Monsoon missile launcher without aiming. The invisible hand of providence, the ship was destined to die on this day.

The death of "Monsoon"

Having checked the temperature of the bulkheads in the area of ​​the 33rd frame, behind which there was a cellar with anti-aircraft missiles, and making sure that the bulkheads were hot, the sailors realized that there was nothing they could do to help the ship.
At night, the Monsoon MRK sank 33 miles south of the island. Askold, carrying the charred bodies of 39 people to a depth of 3 kilometers.

After the death of the guided-missile destroyer Sheffield in 1982 from an unexploded Exocet missile, Western military experts came to the conclusion that a large number of different flammable materials, in particular aluminum alloys, contributed to the rapid spread of the fire. Since 1985, the superstructures of American ships have been covered with silicate felt insulation combined with fiberglass. English engineers developed an insulation called "contflame" to protect structures from fire. Nevertheless, AMG alloys are still widely used in ship construction.

And this could be called an accident, but apparently once was not enough. On April 19, 1990, combat training was carried out in the Baltic to practice repelling a missile attack. Under similar circumstances, a target missile hit the Meteor missile launcher, knocking out several antennas on the ship's superstructure. If it had flown a little lower, the tragedy could have repeated itself.

"Missile corvettes" in battle

During the Gulf of Sidra incident (1986), the American cruiser USS Yorktown (the same Black Sea “hero”) discovered a small target 20 miles from Benghazi. It was the Libyan Ein Zakuit MRK, which crept up on the Americans in radio silence, imitating a fishing boat. Even a short-term (only two turns of the antenna) activation of the radar unmasked the small missile ship and thwarted the attack. The launch of two Harpoon missiles set the MRK on fire and sank after 15 minutes. There is still no exact description of that battle: some sources attribute the death of the RTO to the successful actions of carrier-based aircraft. The Americans also call another small missile ship destroyed by planes “Vokhod”. It is reliably known that another MRK “Ein Mara” was damaged in this battle - it had to undergo emergency repairs with the elimination of battle damage at the Primorsky plant in Leningrad, in 1991 it returned to the Libyan fleet under the name “Tariq ibn Ziyad "

"Ein Zakuit"

The naval battle off the coast of Abkhazia on August 10, 2008 became the first serious military engagement of the Russian Navy in the 21st century. Here is a brief chronology of those events:
On the night of August 7-8, 2008, a detachment of ships of the Black Sea Fleet set out to sea from Sevastopol Bay and headed for Sukhumi. The detachment included the large landing ship "Caesar Kunikov" with a reinforced company of marines on board, and its security - the Mirage MRK and the small anti-submarine ship "Muromets". Already on the campaign, they were joined by the large landing ship "Saratov", which departed from Novorossiysk.
On August 10, five fast Georgian boats left the port of Poti to meet them. Their task is to attack and sink our ships. The attack tactics are known: fast small boats equipped with powerful anti-ship missiles suddenly strike a large landing ship and leave. If everything goes well, the result is “shock and awe.” Hundreds of dead paratroopers, a burned-out ship and Saakashvili’s victorious reports: “We prevented intervention,” “The Russians don’t have a fleet, they are not capable of anything.” But everything turned out the other way around. Vesti managed to collect detailed information from the participants in this battle:
18 hours 39 minutes. Russian radar reconnaissance detected several high-speed naval targets moving on a combat course towards the formation of our ships.
18.40. The enemy boats approached a critical distance. Then a salvo from the A-215 Grad MLRS was fired from the flagship Caesar Kunikov. This does not stop the Georgians, they increase speed and try to reach the so-called “dead zone”, where missile weapons are useless. The Mirage small missile ship receives an order to destroy the enemy. The distance to the target is 35 kilometers. Preparations for the strike, calculations - everything was done in just a few minutes. A sea battle is always fleeting.
18.41. The Mirage commander gives the command “Volley!” The first missile hit the target. A few seconds later - the second one. The flight time to the Georgian boat “Tbilisi” is only 1 minute 20 seconds. The distance between opponents is about 25 kilometers.
The first missile hits the engine room of the boat "Tbilisi". A second later - another report - the second hit the wheelhouse. There was a strong flare on our ship's radar for 30 seconds, which means the complete destruction of the target, accompanied by a large release of thermal energy.
18.50. The Mirage commander gives the command to change position. The ship moves towards the shore at high speed, makes a U-turn and returns to its combat course. The radar shows only 4 targets. One of them, a Georgian boat, having increased its speed, is again approaching our ship. "Mirage" opens fire from the "Osa" air defense system.
At this time, the distance was reduced to 15 kilometers. The missile hits the side of the Georgian boat, which immediately started smoking, slowed down and tried to leave the line of fire. The remaining Georgian ships leave the battle, turning sharply in the opposite direction. The Mirage does not pursue a downed enemy; there is no order to finish it off.

From the report of the commander of the Mirage missile launcher to the flagship: “Of the five targets, one was destroyed, one was damaged, three left the battle. Missile consumption: anti-ship - two, anti-aircraft - one, no casualties among personnel. There is no damage to the ship."

As of 2012, the Russian Navy has 10 MRK Project 1234.1 and 1 MRK Project 1234.7. Considering the difficult state of the Russian Navy, these modest ships are a good support - their operation does not require large expenses, at the same time, they have fully retained their combat qualities, which was once again confirmed by the naval battle off the coast of Abkhazia.
The main thing is not to set impossible tasks for small missile ships; other means must be used to counter aircraft carrier strike groups.

MRK "Zyb" at the parade in St. Petersburg