Pictures of native nature in Pushkin's novel Eugene Onegin. Pictures of native nature in novel A

Pictures of nature in the novel by A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin".

At the very beginning of his work on “Eugene Onegin,” Pushkin wrote to P.A. Vyazemsky: “Now I’m writing not a novel, but a novel in verse - a devilish difference.” Indeed, poetic form gives “Eugene Onegin” features that sharply distinguish and show pictures not only of nature and everyday life.

Driven by spring rays,
There is already snow from the surrounding mountains
Escaped through muddy streams
To the flooded meadows.

We directly feel the victorious power of spring, which drives away the snow, turning them into muddy streams...
“Excerpts from Onegin’s Journey” describe the Caucasus, Crimea, and give a detailed poetic and at the same time realistically accurate depiction of Odessa. The entire poetic geography of Russia, gifted to us genius poet! Special place in “Eugene Onegin” there are descriptions of rural Russian nature. Pushkin describes spring, draws winter, autumn landscapes. At the same time, as in the depiction of people and their characters, he does not at all strive to choose any exceptional, unusual pictures. On the contrary, everything about him is simple, ordinary and at the same time beautiful. Before Pushkin, poets depicted nature in classical and romantic works, they looked for beauty and poetry only in grandiose paintings, unusual for a Russian person high mountains, abysses, waterfalls, rapidly flowing rivers, seas. Pushkin speaks about the romantic tastes of his youth:

At that time I seemed to need
Deserts, edges of pearly waves,
And the noise of the sea, and piles of rocks...

With his highly poetic depictions of the simple, modest nature of central Russia, Pushkin decisively changed the tastes of readers and writers too. He showed how much charm and poetry lies in these familiar, dear, but insufficiently appreciated paintings.

... Waking up early,
Tatiana saw through the window...
Forty cheerful ones in the yard
And softly carpeted mountains
Winter is a brilliant carpet.
Everything is bright, everything is white all around.

It's the beginning of winter. And here is how spring in the village is described. Here and clear sky, and the first fluff on the trees, and the first flight of bees for honey, and the appearance of flowers in the meadows, and the first driving of cows into the pasture, and, finally, completing and making even more poetic this image of awakened life in nature - nightingale songs at night. Pushkin, who managed to see beauty in the simplest and most ordinary, who managed to find the truest, most poetic words to express this beauty, infects us too. He teaches us to see, understand and love our modest nature, compared to the south, but beautiful in its simplicity.
In the novel itself there are so many bright pictures, so much soul-pleasing beauty in the depiction of life, nature, so many heartfelt descriptions of good, honest, high feelings, experiences and actions that this bright content of the novel takes precedence over the sad thoughts of the author.

The novel by A. S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin”, according to the precise definition of V. G. Belinsky, is “an encyclopedia of Russian life.” Very interesting, sincere, exciting pages of this poetic encyclopedia are descriptions of nature, especially nature middle zone Russia.

On painting the poet captured the boundless Mother country with its meadows, groves, hills and fields. Landscape painting was just beginning to develop in Russia when Pushkin in “Eugene Onegin” created a poetic calendar of the seasons, unfolding the action of the novel in the open air.

Famous winter paintings -

There are light patterns on the glass,

Trees in winter silver -

They are replaced by lively spring sketches:

Nature's clear smile

Through a dream he greets the morning of the year with a description of the short northern summer, a “caricature of southern winters” and, finally, the autumn so beloved by the poet, from early, when

Nature is tremulous, pale,

Like a sacrifice, luxuriously decorated...

Until late when

The dawn rises in the cold darkness...

In the fields the noise of work fell silent.

And nature froze in anticipation new winter. And then she finally came, and again “everything is bright, everything is white all around.” In simple words the poet paints wonderful and, most importantly, vivid pictures. With the help of epithets (the radiance of pink snow, winter with a brilliant carpet), comparisons (the river shines neater than fashionable parquet; nature, like a victim, is luxuriously decorated), metaphors (a stream unfettered by winter, the sky breathed in autumn, fog fell on the fields) and especially personifications (Dawn rises in the cold darkness, But with a crimson hand, Dawn leads from the morning valleys with the sun behind it Fun party name day).

Pushkin makes nature a living participant in events. Native nature, according to the poet’s conviction, is a great educator. In relation to nature there are also best features people brought up by close communication with it, and the worst, which are explained by separation from it, from the people inextricably linked with their native land. Thus, the character of Tatyana, the “Russian soul”, embodying Pushkin’s “sweet ideal”, with her love for folk customs, for the spiritual life of the people, could only be formed in the bosom of native nature. It is no coincidence that the landscape winter village is given through the perception of this beloved Pushkin heroine:

Waking up early

Tatiana saw through the window

In the morning the yard turned white...

It is also noteworthy that the scene of Tatyana’s conversation with the nanny - one of the most poetic and touching in the novel - is given in a wonderful landscape frame. Image of a young pure love merges with a poetic image of Russian nature, and the whole episode is perceived by us as a wonderful piece of life. And the lilac bushes and the alley to the lake in Mikhailovskoye are forever immortalized by the heartfelt emotion of Tanya in love.

And here " extra person"Onegin, very far from folk life, does not like nature, she does not touch him. For Evgeny, “the boredom is the same in the village.” For Tatyana, her native places are an unforgettable memory of her heart. The reader will not forget the nature of the places beloved by the poet, and having visited the Pushkin Nature Reserve in the Pskov region, he will easily recognize the picturesque hills of Trigorsky, and the narrow winding ribbon of Soroti, and the mirror lakes, and will see the “moving pictures” of the native nature recreated in the novel.

Will be remembered and spring update land, and light autumn sad and beautiful folk custom winter holidays. The tombstone by the stream in the shade of two pine trees casting a lacy shadow will not be forgotten...

Pushkin’s special, animated landscape in “Eugene Onegin” is also very important for the author’s self-characterization. Pushkin directly speaks of his love for his native land (“Flowers, love, village, idleness. Fields! I am devoted to you with my soul”); then with one epithet “lovely” (“The village where Eugene was bored was a charming corner”) conveys his admiration for the Russian village; then he contrasts the pictures of lush southern nature (“waves of the edge of a pearl, and the noise of the sea, and piles of rocks”), a familiar landscape, but such close to the soul(“I need other pictures: I love a sandy slope, two rowan trees in front of a hut, a gate, a broken fence...”). All this speaks of the poet’s transition from romanticism to realism. It's no coincidence that the latter lyrical digression Pushkin included excerpts from the unpublished Onegin's Travels into the published excerpts of this chapter.

Pushkin's landscapes in "Eugene Onegin" are real painting in a word. In them (landscapes) everything: colors, play of light and shadow, silence, rustles, sounds - seems to be the only possible, delights with accuracy, truthfulness and poetic perfection. It seems to me that the well-known idea that by reading Pushkin one can the best way to educate a person in oneself is directly related to the natural world, which lives on the pages of Onegin and awakens “good feelings” in everyone who reads the novel.

The ingenious creation of Alexander Sergeevich is valuable not only detailed description Russian reality early XIX century, but also unsurpassed, colorful and poetic landscape. In the work, Alexander Sergeevich talks about himself and his native land, where he experienced love, suffering and drew inspiration.

It took the poet eight years of painstaking work to write the novel. This long period in the life of a talented author. Over such a period of time, he turned from a timid youth into a mature personality and greatest master words.

The difference in the perception of the beauty of their native land by Evgeny Onegin and the author

In an unsurpassed literary creation, the poet’s contemporaries examined reality, recognized themselves and their surroundings, the capital, countryside, masters and serfs. Their ears caught real, pure Russian speech. And they saw how beautiful the nature of Russia is and fell even more in love with it.

In the first stanzas, readers are presented with a picture of St. Petersburg and Alexander Sergeevich’s thoughts about it: “I once walked there, but the north is harmful to me!” The author's irony is felt here, with which he talks about the years of exile. The endless expanses of water and the wild elements inspired the poet.

Eugene Onegin, unlike the creator of the novel, does not revel in the beauty of nature, moreover, he quickly gets bored with it, like everything else. Arriving at his uncle's estate, he was delighted for only a couple of days new life, and soon became despondent. Why didn’t nature cure him of melancholy?

In the city, Evgeniy moved in high society, and he became quite bored with it. If we compare Vladimir and Evgeniy, the latter was not an enthusiastic and naive person, he was a connoisseur of beauty. But, as sometimes happens, the outer shell differs significantly from the contents, for this reason Eugene, quickly satiated with love, lost interest in the object of passion.

The attitude of the poet, Tatyana Larina and Vladimir Lensky to their native nature

Alexander Sergeevich, like no one else, keenly feels nature and feels unity with it. The most valuable and happy hours creative work It was communication with nature that gave him. He feels sadness about an unfulfilled desire while writing the lines: “I was born for a peaceful life...”

The closeness between the poet and Tatyana is visible in their love and tender attitude towards their native nature. Most writers agree that young people whose childhood was spent in the wilderness have a keen eye for beauty. “The village... was a lovely corner”, “herds wandered through the meadows”, “a huge... garden” - a magnificent picture! This is where the Larins lived.

Vladimir is a suitable candidate for the role of Tatiana’s lover: he could feel her refined nature. Lensky “loved the dense groves, solitude, silence...”. All this is nice to Tatyana early years, because she is also a romantic and dreamy person. But Vladimir gives preference to Olga, endowing her with invented character traits.

The role of Russian nature paintings in the work

The nature sketches in the novel are incomparable. A significant part of the author’s digressions is devoted to describing the beauties of the surrounding world. They allow the reader to better understand life in old times, the poet’s thoughts, feel the fullness and colors of life. The landscape is playing important role in the work: he helps to draw psychological picture each character, reliably convey the spirit of the past era.

Amazing pictures of nature in a literary work contribute to the education of patriotism - you can love different cities and country, but love will remain unchanged and sincere only for native land. Landscapes dear to the soul remain in the memory for a lifetime, just like the vivid memories of childhood. Communication with nature cleanses and enriches the soul.

Nature in A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”

The master's house is secluded,

Protected from the wind by a mountain,

He stood over the river. In the distance

Before him they dazzled and bloomed

Golden meadows and fields...

A. S. Pushkin

Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, being a true lyricist and patriot, could not help but love Russian nature. In her he saw rationalism, peace, the perfect creation of God. The most diverse pictures of nature can be seen in the poet’s lyrics and in his novel “Eugene Onegin”. But one should not think that Alexander Sergeevich describes nature only in order to create a background against which his heroes will act, suffering and tormenting, and even dying.

Nature in the novel is personified, she is almost the heroine of the work, organically entering into the fabric of the narrative, helping to understand the characters characters. With love for nature, the author tests his characters for spirituality, and Pushkin explains the dislike or indifference of some characters to it by the costs of their upbringing or complete callousness.

The village where Evgeniy was bored,

It was a lovely place...

The master's house is secluded...

He stood over the river. In the distance

Before him they dazzled and bloomed

Golden meadows and fields...

Among the pristine beauty, a person himself becomes purer, more soulful and richer spiritually. Only a sincere and a kind person, possessing not so much intelligence as warmth. The poet proves this with the image of his beloved heroine, Tatyana Larina.

She loved on the balcony

Warn the dawn,

When on a pale sky

The round dance of the stars disappears,

And quietly the edge of the earth brightens,

And, the harbinger of the morning, the wind blows,

And the day gradually rises.

Nature in the novel “Eugene Onegin” is effective, it does not remain indifferent to the characters, it “accompanies” them, comforts them or warns them about the future (Tatyana’s dream). It is no coincidence that the author writes that Tatyana loved the Russian winter. This is a kind of declaration of love for Russia, which cannot be imagined without white, fluffy snow, sleigh rides, winter fun and the harsh beauty of the north. It would be unnatural if Pushkin showed the “village girl” Tatyana as a passionate patriot, but through her love for nature native land the true spiritual beauty of the heroine is revealed.

Tatiana (Russian soul,

Without knowing why)

With her cold beauty

I loved the Russian winter,

There is frost in the sun on a frosty day,

And the sleigh and the late dawn

The glow of pink snows,

And the darkness of Epiphany evenings.

The description of pictures of nature is an opportunity for the author to tell about his love for Russia, its endless expanses, and beautiful landscapes. Of course, Pushkin loves his homeland, otherwise he would not have been able to “create” such magnificent paintings.

That year the weather was autumn

I stood in the yard for a long time,

Winter was waiting, nature was waiting.

Snow only fell in January

On the third night. Waking up early

Tatiana saw through the window

In the morning the yard turned white,

Curtains, roofs and fences,

There are light patterns on the glass.

Trees in winter silver...

Nature in Pushkin’s description is not soulless in itself, it is a living, trembling world, among which the poet’s heroes live, and it is no coincidence that in granite St. Petersburg, having become a society lady, Tatyana sadly remembers the village with its simple way of life, where the heroine left her relatives, where her only and unforgettable love was born.

Now I'm glad to give it away

All this rags of a masquerade,

For a shelf of books, for a wild garden,

For our poor home,

For those places where. for the first time,

Onegin, I saw you,

Yes for the humble cemetery,

Where is the cross and the shadow of the branches today?

Over my poor nanny...

It so happened in the literature of the 19th century that the description of pictures of nature was not an end in itself for the authors, but an expressive one. artistic medium, explaining the psychological mood of the hero, his harmony with the world around him or discord. And in Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin” nature helps to better understand state of mind heroes, the author's plan, which showed the life of his contemporaries in all its diversity, the beauty of the earth.

Dawn rises in the cold darkness;

In the fields the noise of work fell silent;

With his hungry wolf

A wolf comes out onto the road...

Bibliography

To prepare this work, materials from the site http://ilib.ru/ were used

The following chapters and stanzas of the novel are usually noted: Summer - chapter 4, stanza 40; chapter 7, stanza 15. Autumn - chapter 4, stanzas 40-41; chapter 7, stanza 29. Winter - chapter 4, stanza 42; chapter 5, stanzas 1-2, 9; chapter 7, stanza 30. Spring - chapter 7, stanzas 1-3. The sad lyrical mood of this description harmonizes well with the mood of the entire chapter; it gives the main lyrical tone to the chapter - therefore, the landscape in Pushkin’s novel plays a certain compositional role. Pushkin describes several times in the novel different times this helps the reader to perceive chronological framework novel, gives the perspective of time, the fluidity of life. Talking about Tatyana's upcoming departure to Moscow, the poet concisely and vividly described the change from summer to autumn, autumn to winter.

* Golden autumn has come.
* Nature is trembling, pale
* How the victim is luxuriously decorated...
* (chapter 7, stanza 29)

Let's compare this picture with the description of autumn in chapter four (stanzas 40-41) - here there are completely different colors, different moods. We feel that this autumn is especially close to Tatyana’s mood now, it is somehow connected with her fate, with her future.

* Here is the north, the clouds are catching up,
* He breathed, howled, and here she is
* Winter sorceress is coming.
* Compare this description with the cheerful, joyful winter in chapter four:
* The first snow flashes and curls,
* Stars falling on the shore.

In the 7th chapter there is another winter - cold, cruel, and it is again connected with the fate of Tatyana, with her unknown future, from which Tatyana expects neither joy nor happiness:

* Only Tanya’s heart is not happy with her...
* Tatyana is afraid of the winter journey.

This is how the landscape helps Pushkin reveal the emotional moods of the characters and the turns in their life’s fate. Exceptionally large compositional role landscapes in the fifth and sixth chapters, closely related to each other by the unity of developing events: from the winter the landscape is coming transition to the characterization of Tatiana - “Russian soul”, against the background of a cold winter night, Tatiana’s fortune-telling is given, against the background of a winter landscape her dream is reproduced, foreshadowing troubles, misfortunes, against the same background the poet describes the duel and death of Lensky.

* That’s what he sees: on the melted snow
* The young man lies motionless,

Against almost the same background of late winter and the beginning of an early, still winter-like cold spring, last meeting Onegin and Tatiana.

Action in the first and last chapters The novel takes place in winter and spring. This repetition of landscapes is subtle artistic technique, with the help of which the poet will give a feeling of the monotonous, inevitable flow of life, the change of years, ages, moods, life destinies, “the withering of our years, for which there is no revival.”

The landscape is playing big role and in revealing the main characters of the novel: Onegin and Tatiana. The rural landscape in the second to sixth chapters of the novel is not connected with the image of Onegin, and Onegin himself does not like nature:

* Two days seemed new to him
* Secluded fields,
* The coolness of the gloomy oak tree,
* The murmur of a quiet stream;
* On the third grove, hill and field
* He was no longer occupied;
* Then they induced sleep
* (chapter 1, stanza 54)
* “However, it is already dark in the field;
* Hurry! go, go, Andryushka!
*What stupid places!”
* (chapter 3, stanza 4)

In contrast to Onegin, the image of Tatyana is given by the author against the backdrop of nature, he is inseparable from rural landscape. The sunrise that Tatyana meets on the balcony (chapter 2, stanza 28), and the garden where Tatyana goes to be sad, where the scene of the date with Onegin takes place (chapter 3, stanza 16; stanzas 38-39), and the night landscape in the light of the moon during a conversation with the nanny (chapter 3, stanzas 16, 20, 21), and early morning after a sleepless night (chapter 3, stanza 32), and winter morning at the beginning of the fifth chapter (stanza!-2), and the cold winter night when Tatyana is fortune-telling (chapter 5, stanza 9), and her winter landscape bad dream(chapter 5, stanza 13), and the night before the name day (chapter 6, stanza 2), and spring landscape the seventh chapter, and the summer evening, when lonely Tatyana comes to Onegin’s house (chapter 7, stanza 15), her farewell to her native place before leaving for Moscow (chapter 7, stanza 28 and following).

In the novel, the theme of the homeland sounds brightly, the air of its fields lives, the noise of its forests, the life and historical past of its people (the theme of Moscow in the seventh chapter), the boundless distance of “gloomy Russia” is seen (chapter 1, stanza 50). All this expands not only the spatial, but also the temporal framework of the novel.