Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich short biography for children. art films

Sergei Aksakov - Russian writer, poet, critic. “The Scarlet Flower” is a fairy tale known to everyone since childhood. Aksakov's biography is studied casually at school. This writer ranks general education program a very modest place. Most of his works are familiar only to literary scholars. Who was the creator of “The Scarlet Flower”? Which works of art he wrote, in addition to the well-known fairy tale? Biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov is the topic of the article.

early years

The future writer was born at the end of the eighteenth century, in Ufa. His father was a prosecutor. Mother came from ancient noble family, whose representatives in the eighteenth century were entirely officials and people of progressive views. The biography of Sergei Aksakov began in an atmosphere of love and attention. He loved books since childhood. Sergei recited poetry and retold fairy tales; at the age of four he was already a fluent reader and, in addition, had amazing powers of observation. In a word, he had every chance of becoming an outstanding writer later.

Gymnasium

Biography of Sergei Aksakov contains difficult years diseases. During his adolescence, he was rarely separated from his mother. At the age of nine, the boy was sent to a gymnasium, but was soon returned to his home. The fact is that the writer suffered from epilepsy since childhood. The mother did not want to be separated from her son for a long time, and Sergei’s epilepsy attacks finally strengthened her in the decision to transfer him to home education.

Two years later, Aksakov finally returned to the gymnasium. This institution was located in Kazan and was later reformed into a university. Here future writer subsequently continued his studies.

Lover of literature

Compose more in student years Sergei Aksakov began. His biography testifies to his desire for writing, which manifested itself in at a young age. He wrote essays and notes for the student newspaper. During his studies he began to write poetry. Early works Aksenov’s works were created under the influence of sentimentalist poets. The hero of today's story was barely sixteen when he joined the society of literature lovers and took part in organizing a student theater.

A brief biography of Aksakov is presented in this article. Those who are interested in the topic of the life and work of the Russian writer should read one of his books. Aksakov’s biography is presented in the best possible way in the “Family Chronicle”, work on which the author began at a fairly mature age.

The beginning of creativity

After graduating from university, he went to Moscow. A year later - to St. Petersburg. There he made acquaintance with famous writers and other people of art, the writer Aksakov. Biography is a genre that has always interested him. That’s why the writer dedicated essays to many of his comrades. Thus, from the pen of Aksakov came the biographies of the famous nineteenth-century actor Yakov Shusherin and the poet Gabriel Derzhavin.

During the war years

In 1811, the writer came to Moscow, but a year later, for obvious reasons, he was forced to leave the capital. Sergei Aksakov spent more than fifteen years in the Orenburg province. He visited the capital only on short visits. During this period, Aksakov became seriously interested in translation. classical prose. He was interested in both contemporary and ancient literature. Aksakov translated tragedies by Sophocles and several works by Moliere and Boileau.

Family

The wife of the writer Aksakov was Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina, the daughter of a general who served under the leadership of Suvorov. A year after the wedding, the first-born Konstantin was born. There were a total of ten children in this marriage. Some of them followed in their father's footsteps and became outstanding literary critics. Aksakov and his family lived for several years in a village near Orenburg. But he was unable to manage the farm on his own. That’s why the Aksakovs moved to Moscow. Here the writer entered the public service.

Back in the capital

In Moscow, Aksakov took the position of censor, but was soon fired. In the thirties, an event occurred that negatively affected the fate of the writer. An essay was published in Moskovsky Vestnik, the content of which caused negative emotions Emperor. In this regard, an investigation was carried out. The censor who missed the feuilleton was arrested. Danger also loomed over the editor-in-chief of the magazine. Unexpectedly, the author of the dangerous essay appeared at the police station. And it was none other than Sergei Aksakov. A criminal case was opened against the writer, and only acquaintances with high-ranking officials saved him from arrest.

In subsequent years, the writer experienced serious financial difficulties. To him for a long time could not return to duty. That ill-fated feuilleton was to blame for it all. When Aksakov was reinstated as censor, new problems began.

The writer supervised the Moscow Telegraph magazine and other publications. In some of them he was listed, as today they would say, as a freelancer. In order to avoid accusations of bias, he published most of the essays under a pseudonym.

Theater

In the early twenties of the nineteenth century, of course, there was such a thing as “literary criticism.” As for theatrical art, there could be no question of any assessment here. Actors playing on stage imperial theaters, were “in the service of His Majesty”, and therefore their work could not be criticized.

In the mid-twenties there was some weakening of censorship, after which periodicals From time to time, relatively bold articles began to appear on news in the art world. Aksakov became one of the first theater reviewers in Moscow. Most of his articles were still published under a pseudonym. Therefore, today it is unknown exactly how many reviews and essays were written by the Russian writer.

Gogol

Aksakov dedicated one of his books to this writer. The meeting with Gogol took place in 1832. This event became a turning point in the biography of Sergei Aksakov. He admired Gogol's talent, but soon a rift arose between them. It is known that the writing of the poem " Dead Souls"led to the fact that Russian critics were divided into two camps, one of which belonged to Belinsky. The second part of this work, which has not reached today, caused heated controversy in literary circles. Basically, Gogol's contemporaries reacted negatively to it. Perhaps this is the reason for the disagreement between the author " Dead souls"and Aksakov.

When, after Gogol’s death, the hero of this article wrote about him in his autobiographical trilogy, he had to take into account censorship and the possible rejection of his contemporaries. Despite this, the book “The Story of My Acquaintance with Gogol” became the most important source for biographers and a sample of Russian memoir prose.

Aksakov's later works tell about nature, hunting and fishing. The main thoughts of this writer’s work are the healing power of nature, morality patriarchal way of life life. The writer passed away at the age of 67. In May 1859, Aksakov’s biography ended in Moscow.

“The Scarlet Flower” and other works for children

The most famous books created by Aksakov for young readers:

1. “Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson.”
2. “Notes of a rifle hunter of the Orenburg province.”
3. "The Scarlet Flower"

“The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” was included in the autobiographical trilogy. This work's genre can be classified as an educational novel. What is this book about?

The main character is a sickly and impressionable boy. The mother is taking all possible measures to cure her son of a serious illness. But when the boy’s health improves, she also falls ill. Doctors suspect consumption. Sergei is sent to the family estate, where he enjoys reading. His neighbor Anichkov gives him books.

When the mother recovers, the father acquires a huge plot of land near Ufa from the Bashkirs. Here Seryozha spends an unforgettable summer. Together with his relative, he hunts quails and catches butterflies.

This work, according to the author himself, is the story of his childhood. “Childhood years” are devoid of artistic fiction. They contain only real existing persons. The author changed the names because his relatives objected to publicizing the shadow side of family life.

Other books

The article provides a description significant periods in the works of such an outstanding prose writer as Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. Biography for children is created based on information about early period famous person. Young readers are of little interest in which of the Russian critics Aksakov was friends with, why he almost went to prison, and what position he held. As for adults, to learn more about the personality of the Russian classic, they should read the following autobiographical works:

1. "Literary and theatrical memories."
2. "Family Chronicle".

Other works by Aksakov: “Collecting Butterflies”, “Martha and the Frenzy”, “The Sleepwalking Woman”, “The Story of My Acquaintance with Gogol”, “New Paris”.

Aksakov Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov, Sergei Timofeevich, famous Russian writer. The scion of an old noble family, A. undoubtedly had in childhood vivid impressions of the proud family consciousness of this nobility. The hero of the autobiography that made him famous, grandfather Stepan Mikhailovich, dreamed of his grandson precisely as a successor to the “famous family of Shimon” - the fabulous Varangian, nephew of the King of Norway, who left for Russia in 1027. S. T. - the son of Timofey Stepanovich A. (1759 - 1832) and Maria Nikolaevna Zubova, daughter of the assistant to the Orenburg governor, was born in Ufa on September 20, 1791. The future writer inherited a love for nature - completely alien to his mother, who was a city dweller through and through - from his father. In the initial development of his personality, everything fades into the background before the influence of the steppe nature, with which the first awakening of his powers of observation, his first sense of life, and his early hobbies are inextricably linked. Along with nature, peasant life invaded the boy's awakening thought. Peasant labor aroused in him not only compassion, but also respect; The servants were their own not only legally, but also mentally. The female half of the servants, as always, the guardian of folk poetry, introduced the boy to songs, fairy tales, and Christmas games. And “The Scarlet Flower,” recorded many years later from the memory of the story of the housekeeper Pelageya, is a random fragment of that huge world folk poetry, into which the boy was introduced by the servants, the maiden, the village. But earlier folk literature they came from the city, mostly translated; his mother's old friend Anichkov brought the boy into frantic delight with the scattered collection of "Children's Reading" by A.I. Novikova. Kampe’s “Children’s Library”, translated by Shishkov, introduced him to the world of poetic lyricism; He was also greatly impressed by the works of Xenophon - Anabasis and the history of Cyrus the Younger. This was already a transition from children's books to this literature. With his characteristic rapture, he plunged into Kheraskov’s “Rossiada” and the works of Sumarokov; he was immediately “driven crazy” by the tales of “The Thousand and One Nights”, and next to them he was read “My trifles” by Karamzin and his “Aonids”. A long series of book memories of A. shows how little can be considered the situation in which he passed, the ordinary atmosphere of a landowner's outback of the 18th century. Quite early, the influences of the state school joined the home and village influences. And the Kazan gymnasium, where A. entered in his tenth year, and the new teacher, the stern and smart Kartashevsky, and comrades, and new interests - all this came down to the whole world, which had a beneficial effect on a soul open to impressions. The gymnasium was above the usual level; even according to the founders' plan, it should have been something more complete - something like a lyceum. A. spent only three and a half years at the gymnasium, the end of which was marked by new literary interests. It was, first of all, the theater, which always occupied A., especially in the first half of his literary activity, and with which his friend, Alexander Panaev, “a hunter of Russian literature,” “an admirer of Karamzin,” publisher of the handwritten magazine “Arkadian shepherdesses”, in which A., however, did not dare to take part, writing in secret. More than a year later - at the university - A. himself published a magazine together with I. Panaev. He stayed at the university, also continuing to take lessons at the gymnasium, until he was 15 1/2 years old, but these one and a half years meant a lot in his development. It's hard to even say what played here big role: collecting butterflies or a friendly magazine, passion for theater or literary disputes. Actually, he took little “scientific information” - as he himself complains - from the university: however, something was floating in the air of the classrooms, something infected with the idealism of inquisitiveness and knowledge. The French lectures of the naturalist Fuchs undoubtedly played a very important role in strengthening A.’s innate powers of observation, which later gave I.S. Turgenev the right to place him in famous relationships above Buffon. Here he comprehended his love for nature, and here he consolidated his love for literature. Among the Kazan high school students who ardently but superficially admired Karamzin, one A. turned out, after some hesitation, to be a convinced supporter of Shishkov. There were performances at the university. A. quickly moved among young performers; resounding success accompanied his performances and inspired him; he was even the leader of an amateur club. The repertoire was quite progressive for its time: not only Kotsebyatina, but also excerpts from Schiller’s The Robbers. The aspiring artist found a high model in the actor and playwright Plavilshchikov, whose Kazan tour was accompanied by the delight of very young students. Having received a certificate from the university “with a prescription of such sciences that he knew only by hearsay and which had not yet been taught at the university,” A. spent a year in the village and in Moscow, and then moved with his family to St. Petersburg. Kartashevsky has already prepared for his pet the position of translator in the commission for drafting laws, where he himself was an assistant editor. In St. Petersburg the first rapprochement between A. and literary figures- as one might expect, not by those who were representatives of progressive trends in literature. He became close to the artist Shusherin, visited Admiral Shishkov, met many actors and writers, was even more ardently interested in the theater, talked a lot about literature, but it is not clear from anything that any searches in one or another area occupied him . There is nothing to say about political thought; she passed by him, and he completely agreed with Shishkov’s tastes. Prince Shikhmatov seemed to him a great poet. Derzhavin and Dmitriev, gr. Khvostov, Prince Shakhovskoy and others, who later compiled the conservative “Conversation of the Russian Word”; the literary authority of the old men was unshakable. In their high style, A. translated Sophocles' Philoctetes - of course, from French translation La Harpe - and Moliere's "The School for Husbands", and, according to the author's later admission, this "comedy was partly adapted from Russian customs, according to the barbaric custom that existed at that time." During these years, A. lived sometimes in St. Petersburg, sometimes in Moscow, sometimes in the village. After his marriage (1816) to Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina, A. tried to settle in the village. He lived with his parents for five years, but in 1820 he was singled out, receiving as his patrimony the same Nadezhdino (Orenburg province), which was once the field of atrocities of the Kuroedov he depicted, and, having moved to Moscow for a year, he lived in a wide, open house. Old literary connections were renewed and new ones were formed. A. entered the writer's room and literary life Moscow and published his translation of the tenth statera of Boileau (Moscow, 1821). But open life I couldn't afford it in Moscow. After spending a year in Moscow, A. moved, for the sake of economy, to the Orenburg province and lived in the village until the fall of 1826. Here A. wrote a completely insignificant quatrain, published in the "Bulletin of Europe" (1825, No. 4, "Epigram"), directed against some kind of "magazine Don Quixote" - perhaps N. Polevoy - and the idyll "Fisherman's Woe "("Moskovsky Vestnik", 1829, No. 1) - as if a poetic anticipation of the future "Notes on fishing", in a false-classical manner, but with lively colorful details. During this time, two critical articles by A. were also published in the "Bulletin of Europe" (1825): "On the translation of "Phaedra" (Lobanov) and "Thoughts and comments about the theater and theater arts". "In August 1826, A. parted with the village - and forever. He visited here on visits, lived for a long time in the Moscow region, but essentially remained a resident of the capital until his death. In Moscow, he met with his old patron Shishkov, now the Minister of Public Education, and easily received the position of censor from him. There are different indications about A.’s censorship, worthy of faith and not entirely favorable. But in general, his nature did not tolerate formalism. Yuri Venelin, professors P.S. Shchepkin, M.G. Pavlov, then N.I. Nadezhdin became his devoted friends. Theatrical connections were also renewed; M.S. Shchepkin was a frequent guest; Mochalov and others visited. A. had to change his job; he was dismissed from the post of censor because he missed the article “The Nineteenth Century” in I.V. Kireevsky’s magazine. With A.’s connections, it was not difficult for him to get a job, and the next year he got a position. inspector of the land surveying school, and then, when it was transformed into the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute, he was appointed its first director and organizer. In 1839, A., now provided with a large fortune, which he inherited after the death of his father, left the service and, after some hesitation, never returned to it. He wrote little during this time, and what he wrote was very insignificant: a number of theater reviews in the “Dramatic Additions” to the “Moscow Bulletin” and in “Galatea” (1828 - 1830) and several small articles. His translation of Molière's "The Miser" was performed at the Moscow theater during Shchepkin's benefit performance. In 1830, his story “Recommendation of the Minister” was published in the “Moskovsky Vestnik” (without signature). Finally, in 1834, his essay “Buran” appeared in the almanac “Dennitsa,” also without a signature. This is the first work that speaks of the present A. “Buran” is the first messenger that the proper environment was being created, that the impressionable A. was succumbing to new influences, higher, more fruitful. They did not come from above, from literary celebrities, or from outside, but from below, from young people, from within, from the depths of the Aksakov family. A.'s sons grew up, not much like him in temperament, mental make-up, thirst for knowledge, attraction to social impact, according to ideological interests. Friendship with his sons undoubtedly played a role in the development of A.’s literary personality. For the first time, the thought of mature A., conservative not only in ideas, but mainly in general disposition, met with the boiling of young minds; for the first time he saw before him that creativity of life, that struggle for a worldview, with which neither Kartashevsky’s dogmas, nor university impressions, nor Shishkov’s teachings, nor Pisarev’s vaudevilles had introduced him. Of course, a forty-year-old man, settled and not seeking by nature, could not be reborn from this; But we're talking about only about the influence that the ardent youth close to his son, with their tall mental demands, with her extreme seriousness, with her new literary tastes. The most characteristic manifestation of these tastes was the attitude of the new generation towards Gogol. A. was observant even in his early youth, but all the time he wrote the most insignificant poems and articles, because not only in the works of the “high style”, in the direction of Derzhavin, Ozerov, Shishkov, but in the more realistic, sentimental story of Karamzin, subtle observation and sober truthfulness A. could not find a use. He was born a little premature. His talent was created for new forms literary creativity, but it was not in his power to create these forms. And when he found them - perhaps not only in Gogol, but also in " The captain's daughter"and "Belkin's Tales" - he was able to take advantage of the wealth of expression that they provided to his natural powers of observation. It was not the man A. who was reborn, but a writer born in him. This was in the mid-thirties, and since then A.'s work has developed smoothly and fruitfully. Following "Buran" the "Family Chronicle" was launched. Already in these years, a certain popularity surrounded A. His name enjoyed the authority of the Academy of Sciences more than once when awarding awards. He was considered a man of advice and intelligence; , supported by closeness with youth, gave him the opportunity to move forward, if not in the socio-political or moral-religious worldview, the foundations of which, learned in childhood, he always remained faithful, then in the concrete manifestations of these common principles. He was tolerant and sensitive. Not only not being a scientist, but also not having sufficient education, alien to science, he, nevertheless, was some kind of moral authority for his friends, many of whom were famous scientists. Old age was approaching, blooming, calm, creative. A.'s sweet oral stories prompted his listeners to strive to have them recorded. But, temporarily leaving the “Family Chronicle”, he turned to natural science and hunting memories, and his “Notes on Angling Fish” (Moscow, 1847) was his first broad literary success. The author did not expect him, and did not want to especially appreciate him: he simply “went away” into his notes for himself. And he had something to “get away from” during these years, if not from grief, then simply from the mass of events that captured him, from the mass of facts of personal and social life. The ideological struggle that gripped everyone reached extreme tension, and the rapidly aging A. could not survive its vicissitudes. He was sick, his eyesight was weakening - and in the village of Abramtsevo near Moscow, fishing on the idyllic Vora, he willingly forgot about all the issues of the day. “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province” was published in 1852 and aroused even more enthusiastic reviews than “Fish Fishing.” Among these reviews, the most interesting is the famous article by I.S. Turgenev. Along with hunting memories and characteristics, stories about his childhood and his immediate ancestors were brewing in the author’s thoughts. Soon after the release of “Notes of a Gun Hunter,” new excerpts from the “Family Chronicle” began to appear in magazines, and in 1856 it was published as a separate book... Everyone was in a hurry to vied with each other to pay tribute to the talent of the venerable memoirist, and this noisy unanimity of criticism was only an echo of the enormous the success of the book in society. Everyone noted the truthfulness of the story, the ability to combine historical truth with artistic treatment. Joy literary success softened for A. the hardships of these last years. The family's material well-being has been shaken; A.'s health was getting worse. He was almost blind - and with stories and dictation of memories he filled the time that not so long ago he devoted to fishing, hunting and active communication with nature. A number of works have already marked these last years his life. First of all, “Family Chronicle” received its continuation in “The Childhood Years of Bagrov’s Grandson.” Childhood (published separately in 1858) is uneven, less finished and less compressed than Family Chronicle. Some passages belong to the best that A. gave, but here there is neither the width of the picture nor the depth of the image that gives such significance to the limited world of the “Family Chronicle”. And the critics reacted to “Childhood Years” without the former enthusiasm. A long series of minor literary works moved forward in parallel with A.'s family memories. In part, such as, for example, “Notes and observations of a mushroom hunter,” they are adjacent to his natural science observations, but in a significant part they continue his autobiography. His "Literary and Theatrical Memoirs", included in " Various essays"(M., 1858), full of interesting small information and facts, but infinitely far in significance from A.’s stories about his childhood. It has a deeper meaning and could have had even greater significance if “The Story of My Acquaintance with Gogol” had been completed. , which showed that the petty nature of A.’s literary and theatrical memories in no way signifies the senile decline of his talent. latest works written during the intervals of a serious illness, from which A. died on April 30, 1859 in Moscow. It was rightly said about A. that he grew all his life, grew with his time, and that his literary biography is, as it were, the embodiment of the history of Russian literature during his activity. He was not independent and could not create forms suitable to his simple nature, his infinite truthfulness; a conservative not in convictions, not in ideas, but in feelings, in the entire make-up of his being; he bowed before the recognized traditional forms high style - and for a long time could not express himself in a worthy way. But when new forms of real storytelling were not only created, but also rehabilitated, when “Belkin’s Stories” and “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka” introduced into the general consciousness that a simple truthful story is not inferior to high literature, that the spiritual content, hitherto cut off from it literary convention, has other forms, more modest in appearance and more vital in essence, A. honestly cast into these forms what without them should have remained a formless mass of oral stories and memories. Russian literature honors in him the best of its memoirists, an irreplaceable cultural writer-historian of everyday life, an excellent landscape painter and observer of natural life, and finally, a classic of language. Interest in his works has not been killed by anthologies, which have long ago snatched up excerpts from A.’s hunting and family memories as examples of inimitable clarity of thought and expression. The first complete collection of works by A. (Martynov, edited by I.S. Aksakov and P.A. Efremov, St. Petersburg, 1886, 6 vols.; last edition by Kartsov) did not include: his story “Recommendation of the Minister” and the complete edition of “ Stories of acquaintance with Gogol" ("Russian Archive", 1890, VIII). In the new collected works (ed. "Enlightenment", St. Petersburg, 1909, 6 vols.), edited by A.G. Gornfeld, provided with introductory articles and notes, does not include early literary experiences, translations and reviews. Of the very incomplete popular collected works published in 1909 - with the termination of copyright - some (by Popova, Sytin, Tikhomirov, etc.) are accompanied by biographical articles and commentaries. Separately, A.'s works were published many times. The editions of “The Scarlet Flower” deserve special mention, due to their large number, and the newest edition of “Notes of a Gun Hunter” (M., 1910, edited by Prof. Menzbier) - due to the scientific and illustrative material accompanying the text. - See D. Yazykov, “Literary activity of S. T. A.” ("Historical Bulletin", 1891, No. 9); "Russian books"; "Sources of the Dictionary of Russian Writers" S.A. Vengerova (vol. I, 1900); brochure V.I. Mezhova, "S.T.A." (SPb., 1888). Key Features, materials for biography and general grades: “I.S. Aksakov in his letters” (M., 1888, part I); articles by A.S. Khomyakova and M.N. Longinova in full meeting works 1886 (vol. I); N. Yushkov, “Materials for the history of Russian literature. The first student of Kazan University” (Kazan, 1891); A. Grigoriev, “My literary and moral wanderings” (“Epoch”, 1864, No. 3); N. Pavlov, “A. as a censor” (Russian Archive, 1898, book 5); IN AND. Panaev in "Bulletin of Europe" 1867, No. 3 - 4; A. Vn, in "Bulletin of Europe" 1890, No. 9; V. Maikov, in "Russian Review" 1891, No. 6; V.P. Ostrogorsky, "S.T.A." (SPb., 1891); S.A. Vengerov, "Critical-Biographical Dictionary", vol. I; P.N. Miliukov, “From the history of the Russian intelligentsia” (St. Petersburg, 1903); YES. Korsakov, in "Russian Thought", 1892, No. 1; S.A. Arkhangelsky in "Russian Review" 1895, No. VII - IX; K.A. Polevoy, in the "Historical Bulletin", 1887, No. 5; Shenrock, in the "Journal of the Ministry of Public Education" 1904, No. VIII - X; Y. Samarin, "S.T.A. and his literary works"(in "Works", vol. I, M., 1878); Alferov et al., "Ten readings on literature" (M., 1895); Smirnov, "Aksakovs" ("Pavlenkov Biographical Library", St. Petersburg, 1895); Y. Aikhenvald, “Silhouettes of Russian Writers”, issue I (M., 1908); A. Gornfeld, in “Russian Wealth”, 1909, No. 4, and “Bodrom Slovo” 1909, No. 9 - 10 ; Vetrinsky, in the collected works of Popova (1904); in “Collected Works”, published by Sytin (1909). critical essays", vol. II), N. G-va (Gilyarova-Platonova, "Russian Conversation" 1856, No. 1), Dudyshkina ("Domestic Notes", 1856, No. 4), F. Dmitrieva ("Russian Bulletin" 1856, No. 3), P.A. Pletnev ("Journal of the Ministry of Public Education", 1856, No. 3); about "Childhood years of Bagrov's grandson": S. Shevyrev ("Russian Conversation" 1858, No. 10) , A. Stankevich ("Athenaeus" 1858, No. 14), Dobrolyubov ("Works", vol. I, pp. 344 - 386); about "Notes of a Gun Hunter": I.S. Turgenev ("Contemporary" 1853) , vol. 37; reprinted in all complete works of Turgenev and A.). Some of A.'s letters were published in the complete collected works of 1886, in the correspondence of I.S.A., in the "Russian Archive" for different years. Portrait painted by Kramskoy - in Tretyakov Gallery. A. Gornfeld.

Biographical Dictionary. 2000 .

See what “Aksakov Sergey Timofeevich” is in other dictionaries:

Father of Ivan and Konstantin Sergeevich, b. September 20, 1791 in the city. Ufa, died on April 30, 1859 in Moscow. In the “Family Chronicle” and “The Childhood Years of Bagrov’s Grandson” S. T. Aksakov left a true chronicle of his childhood, and... ... Large biographical encyclopedia

Russian writer, memoirist, literary and theater critic. Father of the Slavophiles I.S. Aksakov and K.S. Aksakov, memoirist V.S. Aksakova.

Born into a poor but ancient noble family. His father Timofey Stepanovich Aksakov served as the prosecutor of the Ufa Zemstvo Court. Mother, Maria Nikolaevna Zubova, was the daughter of an assistant to the Orenburg governor. Since childhood, Maria Nikolaevna encouraged her son to read books and instilled in him a love of literature, theater, and art. From his father, young Aksakov inherited a love of nature, a passion for hunting and fishing, and rare powers of observation. The future writer spent his childhood in Ufa and family estate Novo-Aksakovo.

S. T. Aksakov received further upbringing and education at the Kazan gymnasium (since 1799), which was soon transformed into Kazan University (1804), where he also continued to study. During his student years, S. T. Aksakov became interested in theater and took part in the activities of the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature. At the university, Sergei Timofeevich met mathematics teacher G.I. Kartashevsky, who had a great influence on him. Subsequently Kartashevsky married sister Aksakova Natalya Timofeevna.

Without graduating from Kazan University, the future writer moved to St. Petersburg (1807), where he joined the Commission for Drafting Laws and the State Revenue Expedition until 1819.

In 1816, Aksakov married, out of great love, O. S. Zaplatina, the daughter of Suvorov’s general and the captured Turkish princess Igel-Syum. An intelligent and educated woman, Olga Semyonovna was the main adviser, first reader and literary critic Aksakova. The Aksakovs had a big Friendly family: four sons and six daughters.

In 1827-1832, Aksakov served in the Moscow Censorship Committee. In 1833-1838 he became an inspector and then director of the Konstantinovsky Land Survey Institute. During Aksakov's directorship, the institute became one of the exemplary educational institutions. The Moscow period of S. T. Aksakov’s life was marked by new activity and new acquaintances. Among them were the writer M. N. Zagoskin, poet and critic S. P. Shevyrev, journalist N. I. Nadezhdin, playwright A. A. Shakhovskoy, historian M. P. Pogodin. Aksakov himself during this period was fruitfully engaged in translations, literary and theater criticism, collaborated with the magazines “Athenaeum”, “Galatea”, “Moskovsky Vestnik”. Strong friendship connected during these years with S.T. Aksakov and the talented Russian actor M. S. Shchepkin.

In 1837, Aksakov became the heir to a large estate (850 serfs and several thousand acres of land) in the Orenburg province, where he visited only on visits. In 1839, Sergei Timofeevich retired due to poor health.

In 1843, the Aksakov family acquired the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow. There, on the banks of the picturesque Vori River, where S. T. Aksakov sat for hours with a fishing rod, his talent as a naturalist blossomed in a quiet, secluded estate. Having retired from official duties and settled in a rural corner dear to his heart, Sergei Timofeevich was actively involved in literary activity. This circumstance was also facilitated by the close communication of the writer with N.V., who returned from abroad. Gogol, with whom the Aksakov family had known since 1832.

Gogol insisted that Aksakov, who had a remarkable gift as a storyteller and reciter, take up the pen. The writer's debut turned out to be very successful and promising. In his first books: “Notes on Fishing” (1847), “Notes of a Gun Hunter of the Orenburg Province” (1852), “Stories and Memoirs of a Hunter about Various Hunts” (1855) - S. T. Aksakov showed himself as a subtle observer, soulful poet of Russian nature. Critics received the new writer very favorably. I. S. Turgenev, with whom Aksakov began correspondence and personal friendship, had a very high opinion of S. T. Aksakov’s “hunting” trilogy. His works were also appreciated by many Russian natural scientists, such as K. F. Roulier, V. M. Chernyaev.

However, Aksakov’s talent as a writer was most fully revealed in his autobiographical works: “Family Chronicle” (1856) “Childhood years of Bagrov the grandson” (1858) and “Memoirs” (1856), written by him based on real life events and family legends. Based on the history of three generations of the Bagrov family, Aksakov recreated in them the spirit and life of a provincial noble family of the late 18th century in its everyday life. In these works, the originality of Aksakov’s talent was revealed with particular force, which consisted in the character and style of his literary language, which absorbed the simplicity, colorfulness, and expressiveness of lively colloquial speech. The fairy tale “The Scarlet Flower” by S. T. Aksakov, which he placed in the appendix to the book “The Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson,” became widely known. The writer dedicated the fairy tale to his little granddaughter Olga Grigorievna Aksakova. This small, essentially independent work of the writer captivated readers with its magical colorful plot, bright, spontaneous characters of the main characters, and unusually melodious and figurative language.

The success of S. T. Aksakov’s autobiographical trilogy was extraordinary. Readers and critics enthusiastically accepted the books of the new talented memoirist. In his declining years, S. T. Aksakov gained wide fame and recognition. However writing was given to the writer with great effort. He almost lost his sight, and he had to dictate works to his loved ones, relying on their diligence and editorial talent.

In the spring of 1859, Aksakov, who had been seriously ill for a long time, died in Moscow. He left behind talented offspring, good memories and beautiful works that have become textbooks. Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov was buried in Moscow in the Simonov Monastery, in Soviet time reburied at Novodevichy Cemetery.

Children:

Konstantin(1817-1860) - writer, historian and linguist, ideologist of Slavophilism; single

Gregory(1820-1891) - Ufa and Samara governor, privy councilor; married to Sofya Alexandrovna Shishkova.

Ivan(1823-1886) - writer, editor and publisher, ideologist of Slavophilism; married to maid of honor Anna Fedorovna Tyutcheva (daughter of the poet).

Michael(1824-1841) - student of the Corps of Pages.

Faith(1819-1864) - ascetic of the Slavophile movement, memoirist.

Olga(1821-1861), due to a nervous illness, lived under the supervision of doctors in Bashilovka at the dacha, followed a diet.

Hope(1829-1869), was known for singing Little Russian songs and playing the guitar.

Love(1830-1867) - amateur artist, buried next to her parents and brothers in the Simonov Monastery.

Maria(1831-1908) - wife of the collegiate assessor Yegor Antonovich Tomashevsky.

Anna(1831—?), died in childhood.

Sophia (1834—1885).

Memory

Currently, the Memorial House-Museum of S. T. Aksakov is located in Ufa.

In the State Historical-Artistic and literary museum"Abramtsevo" part of the exposition of the Main manor house dedicated to the Aksakov family and guests of their home.

In the village A monument to S. T. Aksakov was unveiled in Aksakovo, Buguruslan district, Orenburg region.

In the village A monument to Aksakov was unveiled in Nadezhdino, Belebeevsky district, Orenburg region.

A monument to S. T. Aksakov was unveiled in Ufa.

Aksakov Readings are held annually at the Abramtsevo Museum-Reserve.

It is held there every year All-Russian festival"The Scarlet Flower".

Every year since 1992, the International Aksakov Festival has been held in Ufa.

A short biography of Sergei Aksakov, a Russian writer, literary and theater critic, is presented in this article.

Sergei Aksakov short biography for children

The biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov begins September 20, 1791. The Russian poet was born into an old noble family. Under the influence of his mother, who was a fairly educated woman at that time, Sergei Aksakov from the very early age re-read all the literature available to him in Ufa.

Then he was enrolled in the Kazan gymnasium, where he interrupted his studies for a year due to the boy’s homesickness. In 1805, Sergei transferred to the newly founded Kazan University, where he studied until 1808. The success of his teaching was hampered by hunting and a passion for the theater. Acquaintance with the famous Shishkov sent Sergei Timofeevich on the path of writing Slavonicism, which prepared the subsequent Slavophilism.

Since 1812, Aksakov settled in Moscow, left his previous place of work and became friends with a circle of Moscow theatergoers. Under their influence, he enthusiastically translated Moliere, Boileau and La Harpe, ardently defending the previous ideas of the pompous direction of literature.

In 1816, Sergei Timofeevich married Olga Semenovna Zaplatina and left for his father’s Trans-Volga patrimony - the village of Znamenskoye or Novo-Aksakovo. The marriage produced four sons and seven daughters. In 1826, he finally moved to Moscow, where he joined the censorship committee. During 1834 - 1839, Aksakov served at the Land Survey School, first as an inspector and then as a director.

In 1837, he received a huge inheritance from his father, which now allows him to live hospitably and widely in Moscow. Aksakov had a strong, healthy and strong physique, but from the mid-1840s he began to suffer from eye diseases - in the last years of his life the disease became quite painful. He died May 12, 1859.

Aksakov began his literary career early. In 1806, he founded with A. Panaev and Perevoshchikov the “Journal of Our Studies,” where Shishkov’s ideas were published, which he shared until the early 1830s.

Acquaintance and loved ones friendly relations c (they met in 1832) had a decisive influence on the turning point in the views of Sergei Timofeevich. The first fruit of a new look at creativity was his essay “Buran” (published in the almanac “Dennitsa” by Maksimovich in 1834). The work had great success, and Aksakov no longer deviated from the path to which Gogol had pushed him. Next were “Notes on Fishing” (1847), “Stories and Memoirs of a Hunter” (1855) and “Family Chronicles”.

Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov (September 20, 1791, Ufa - April 30, 1859, Moscow) - Russian writer,
government official and public figure,
literary and theater critic,
memoirist, author of books about fishing and hunting.
Corresponding Member of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences.

Aksakov spent his childhood in Ufa and on the Novo-Aksakovo estate among steppe nature, still little touched by civilization at that time.

The writer was born into a well-born but impoverished family.
His father Timofey Stepanovich Aksakov was a provincial official.
He served as prosecutor of the Verkhnezemsky Court in Ufa.

Mother - Maria Nikolaevna Aksakova,
nee Zubova,
very educated for her time
and social circle of a woman,
correspondent in her youth
with famous educators N.I. Novikov and A.F. Anichkov.

Since childhood, Aksakov loved fishing,
hunting, picking berries.
Long walks into the forest or into the steppe laid deep roots in him.
powerful layers of impressions,
which later, decades later,
have become inexhaustible sources artistic creativity.
Little Aksakov loved to listen to the stories of the serf nanny Pelageya,
one of which was subsequently processed
V famous fairy tale"The Scarlet Flower".

In 1799, at the age of eight, Aksakov
was assigned to the Kazan gymnasium.
Since 1804, when the senior classes of the gymnasium were transformed
in the 1st year of the newly formed Kazan University,
Aksakov became a student there.

At the university, Aksakov successfully performed in amateur theater,
participated in the publication of handwritten magazines “Arcadian Shepherdesses”
and “Journal of our activities.”
His first literary experiments appeared in them.

Without graduating from university,
in June 1807 he moved to St. Petersburg,
where he served as a translator in the Law Drafting Commission.
However, he was more interested in art,
literary and theatrical life of the capital.
Aksakov meets G. R. Derzhavin, A. S. Shishkov,
tragic artist Ya. E. Shusherin,
which he will write about later
wonderful memoirs and biographical essays.

In 1811 the writer moved to Moscow.
Here he becomes close to the circle of now-forgotten writers N. M. Shatrov,
N. I. Ilyin, S. N. Glinka and others.
A little later he meets
with a prominent theatrical figure and the playwright of that era, Prince. A. A. Shakhovsky,
writer M. N. Zagoskin and playwright A. I. Pisarev.

In 1816, he married Olga Semyonovna Zaplatina, who would become not only the mistress of the house and the mother of a large family, but also a faithful assistant and confidant in her husband’s literary and official affairs.

During this period, Aksakov was engaged in literary creativity irregularly; he was mainly attracted by translation activities.
From 1812 to autumn 1826 Aksakov mainly lives in the Nadezhdino estate, in the Orenburg province, only periodically coming to Moscow and St. Petersburg.

In 1826 the Aksakovs moved to Moscow.
In 1827 - 32 Aksakov acted as censor,
from 1833 to 1838 served as inspector
Konstantinovsky Land Surveying School,
and then the first director of the Survey Institute.

Aksakov's house and the Abramtsevo estate near Moscow are becoming unique cultural center.
The nobility and tolerance of the owner made his doors open to adherents of various directions.

Aksakov “Saturdays” were attended by many famous actors and writers of that time, Gogol was also there, and read his works there more than once. Gogol even celebrated his 40th birthday on April 1, 1849 at Aksakov’s. Among Aksakov’s guests one can name Turgenev, Leo Tolstoy, Shevchenko, and the Decembrist S.G. Volkonsky.

Many of Sergei Timofeevich’s works talk about nature, hunting, fishing, they convey the idea of ​​the healing power of nature and the high morality of the patriarchal way of life. Aksakov himself followed this path - a wise and tolerant friend of many contemporaries, a loving father of fourteen children.
Aksakov’s poems, his fables, and socially accusatory feuilletons also became famous.

“Notes on Fishing,” published in 1847, brought him wide literary fame. The main place in literary heritage Aksakov is occupied by the autobiographical stories “Family Chronicle” (1856) and “Childhood Years of Bagrov the Grandson” (1858); adjacent to them are “Memoirs” (1856); “Literary and theatrical memories” (1856), “Biography of M. N. Zagoskin” (1853), “The story of my acquaintance with Gogol” (1880).

Aksakov died in Moscow (April 30) on May 12, 1859 in the arms of his beloved family. He was buried in the cemetery of the Simonov Monastery in Moscow.

Reading the works of S. T. Aksakov, we can rightfully say about them in the words of V. G. Belinsky: “Here is the Russian spirit, here it smells of Russia!”

Aksakov always strived for simplicity of language, but at the same time he was fluent in all the riches of Russian speech
Aksakov’s books are in wide demand not only in the libraries of our country. They have been translated into many languages ​​- Polish, Bulgarian, German, English, Czech, Danish, etc.
S.T. Aksakov went down in the history of literature as a realist writer, as a great expert and connoisseur of the treasures of the Russian language.

Compiled by: Ostriychuk S. 12 years old.
Source of information: Internet.

// December 13, 2013 // Views: 11,692