Customs building (Pushkin House). Literary Museum of the Pushkin House
Makarova emb., 4
The Customs building is located on the Makarov embankment next to the spit of Vasilyevsky Island, where, according to plans from the early 18th century, the main square of St. Petersburg was to be created. Then they began to distribute plots here to the rich and noble people. The Lopukhin family, the vice-governor of St. Petersburg S.F. Klokachev, and the Moscow governor K.A. Naryshkin built their mansions on this territory. The place of the latter was later occupied by the city hall.
Customs services were located on the spit of Vasilyevsky Island in the 1730s, after the order of Empress Anna Ioannovna to move them here from City Island. This transfer was due to the relocation of the commercial port to the banks of the Malaya Neva. Customs was located in former house K. A. Naryshkina.
IN early XIX century, the old building no longer met the needs of the Customs, a decision was made to build a new one. In May 1824, a Commission was created for the construction of new customs buildings in St. Petersburg and Kronstadt, which took up this issue. The design of the new Customs building was drawn up by the architect I.F. Lukini, who simultaneously with the Customs House erected the neighboring Northern and Southern warehouses. Construction supervision was carried out by the Minister of Finance A.F. Kankrin. During the presentation of the project to the Emperor, Nicholas I made his own changes to it. He ordered to raise the tower and dome to monitor arriving ships and organize an optical telegraph here.
The foundation of the Customs House was laid on August 30, 1829, construction was completed on September 8, 1832 by raising the flag on the flagpole. Three copper statues were installed at the corners of the pediment: Mercury, Neptune and Ceres (ancient Roman gods - patrons of trade, navigation and fertility). They were manufactured at the Aleksandrovsky plant. A clock was installed in the pediment. The tower of the Customs building completed the symmetrical composition of the Spit of Vasilyevsky Island; it is located on opposite side regarding the tower of the Kunstkamera building.
In 1885, the port from the Makarov embankment moved to Gutuevsky Island. Customs services also moved there, and residential apartments took their place. In 1903 former building The customs house was reconstructed according to the design of the architect N. A. Gakkel. The work was carried out for the needs of the Excise Department, the Provincial Treasury and other institutions of the Ministry of Finance. Apparently, it was then that the clock was removed from the facade. From 1906 to 1917, a small part of the building was again used by the customs department.
After 1917, the first two floors of the Customs building were occupied by various institutions, and the third floor was made residential. For some time, Centerspirt was located here.
Since 1927, the Institute of Russian Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences has been located in the Customs building (" Pushkin House") And Literary Museum. In 1999, on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of A.S. Pushkin, a bust of the famous poet was installed in front of the main entrance. The monument was created 100 years before this event by sculptor I. N. Schroeder. In the courtyard of JSC "Akademstroy" a storage building was built.
At the address Naberezhnaya Makarova, 4 (Vasilievsky Island), metro station Vasilyevostrovskaya.
Opening hours: Monday-Friday, from 11.00 to 16.00
Phones: 328-05-02 and 328-19-01, ext. 161
The Literary Museum of the Pushkin House is the first and largest national general literary museum. The museum stores more than 200 thousand units of visual, documentary and historical materials related to Russian literature of the 18th-20th centuries. The permanent exhibition of the Museum includes materials on the history of Russian literature and XVIII culture– beginning of the 20th century.
The original of the famous poem, which was written by F.I. Tyutchev, is kept here. in 1866 on a piece of paper.
Historical reference
The Literary Museum is a division of the Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkin House) Russian Academy Sciences, which is a scientific institution in the RAS system. The Pushkin House was created on December 15, 1905 on the initiative of a number of Russian cultural figures. One of the initiators of the Pushkin House was Grand Duke Konstantin Konstantinovich Romanov (grandson of Emperor Nicholas I). In 1899, a Commission was created at the Academy of Sciences to prepare the celebration of the centenary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin, which initially planned to erect a monument to the poet, but gradually the idea was transformed into the creation of a museum. The main fund of the Pushkin House was collected by B. L. Modzalevsky. He also owned the project “Regulations on the Pushkin House”, approved by Emperor Nicholas II in 1907. In April 1906, government funds were allocated for the purchase of the Pushkin Library, and it was transferred to the Pushkin House, becoming the beginning huge collection books, manuscripts and items associated with the name of the great Russian poet. A significant part of the collection was acquired from the Parisian museum-collection of A. F. Onegin (Otto). The Onegin collection was acquired by the Imperial Academy of Sciences on May 15, 1909, but remained in the lifelong use of a Parisian collector. In 1922, the collection of the Pushkin House was replenished with family heirlooms and documents kept in the Hannibal family; they were given to the museum by Pushkin’s second cousin, Anna Hannibal. In 1925, Onegin died, and in 1928 his collection was also transported to the Pushkin House. Since 1995, the Pushkin House has been included in the State Code of Especially Valuable Objects of Cultural Heritage.
Images
| Literary Museum of the Pushkin House | Hall dedicated to L.N. Tolstoy | Boots made by Tolstoy L.N. | |
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| Tolstoy plows, Klodt, 1889 | Gogol's chair | ||
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Video
The name of the Pushkin House. Vsevolod Bagno. Academy (2012)
Map
Additionally
pushkinskijdom.ru - Pushkin House
Pushkin House in literature
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok
Poem “To the Pushkin House” (1921):
"The name of the Pushkin House
At the Academy of Sciences!
The sound is clear and familiar,
Not an empty sound for the heart!
These are the sounds of the ice drift
On the solemn river,
Roll call of the ship
With a ship in the distance,
This - ancient Sphinx, looking
Following the slow wave,
Bronze horseman flying
On a motionless horse.
Our passionate sorrows
Above the mysterious Neva,
How we celebrated a rainy day
White fire night.
What fiery distances
The river opened up to us!
But these are not the days we called,
And the coming centuries.
Skipping the days of oppression
A short-term deception
We saw the days to come
Blue-pink fog.
Pushkin! Secret freedom
We sang after you!
Give us your hand in bad weather,
Help in the silent struggle!
Isn't it your sounds that are sweet?
Did you inspire in those years?
Isn't it your joy, Pushkin?
Did she inspire us then?
That's why such a friend
And a sound dear to the heart
Name of Pushkin House
At the Academy of Sciences.
That's why, at sunset
Leaving into the darkness of the night,
From the white Senate Square
I bow to him quietly."
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“The name of the Pushkin House in the Academy of Sciences” is not just a poetic line by Alexander Blok, but a very interesting landmark in St. Petersburg for any connoisseur of Russian literature to visit. The collection of the Pushkin House includes many hundreds of personal belongings of the “sun of Russian poetry”, as well as rarities associated with the names of others domestic classics- Belinsky, Goncharov, Gogol, Lermontov... Most of The port customs building of the early 19th century, which now houses the Pushkin House, is closed to the public - scientific departments are located here, but the Literary Museum with several wonderful exhibitions dedicated to the history of Russian literature awaits everyone.
A little history
The Pushkin House is, first of all, a separate scientific institution that is part of the Russian Academy of Sciences. His employees are engaged scientific work in the field of literature - hence his official name- Institute of Russian Literature. However, the history of the Pushkin House began with the idea of erecting a monument to the poet on the centenary of his birth in 1899. The initiative group got down to business with such enthusiasm that soon the idea was born to create a museum of Pushkin, and later of Russian literature in general. The first storage units were the library that belonged to the poet; Later, the collection was supplemented by relics kept by the Hannibals, and then by many other exhibits. They were put on public display in the Literary Museum of the Pushkin House - today this is precisely the part of the institution that anyone can visit.
In the exhibition of the Pushkin House Museum you can see the poet’s personal belongings, a death mask and the couch on which he died after being wounded in a duel.
What to see
The Pushkin House and its museum occupy the building of the ancient St. Petersburg port customs house on the Makarov embankment, not far from Birzhevaya Square. It was built Italian architect Luchini in the first third of the 19th century. The building is interesting in itself - a classic facade with columns overlooking the Malaya Neva, an elegant rotunda and dark stone sculptures surrounding it.
The collection of the Pushkin House Literary Museum is divided into several exhibitions. The main one is, of course, dedicated to Pushkin - here you can see the poet’s personal belongings, a death mask and the couch on which he died after being wounded in a duel. Pushkin's office was recreated in the smallest details: pay attention to the extensive library and desk. The suite of halls illustrates daily life of that era, in addition, it presents items that belonged to the poet’s relatives.
The exhibition “Poets of the Golden Age” tells about the writers of the 19th century who lived in St. Petersburg. It is worth paying attention to memorabilia associated with the names of Goncharov, Gogol, Dostoevsky, as well as the extensive collection of Lermontov’s memorial items, including his wonderful paintings.
The Silver Age hall displays manuscripts lifetime editions, autographs, portraits and photographs of Mandelstam, Blok, Akhmatova, Gumilyov, Bunin and others.
Address, opening hours and cost of visiting
Address: St. Petersburg, Makarova embankment, 4.
Opening hours: weekdays from 11:00 to 16:00, Saturday and Sunday - days off.
Entrance - 300 RUB, schoolchildren, students and pensioners - 150 RUB.
Prices on the page are for October 2018.