Masterpieces of the Tretyakov Gallery. State Tretyakov Gallery The State Tretyakov Gallery Where is the Tretyakov Gallery located

• One of the largest art galleries in Russia And.
• Exhibits - works Russian classical art of the 11th - early 20th centuries.
• Tretyakov Gallery consists of two buildings located at different addresses.
• The main building (Lavrushinsky Lane) displays the collection from 170,000 works- world-class masterpieces.
• Visitors can look at ancient Russian icon painting - Orthodox icons of the 11th-13th centuries, the “Trinity” Andrey Rublev(1420s), etc.
• Paintings by the most famous Russian masters, sculptures and works of decorative and applied art.
• Souvenir and book stores, cafe and restaurant "Tretyakov Brothers".

The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest art museums in Russia. Unlike Moscow's other major museum, the Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, with its extensive collection of foreign art, the Tretyakov Gallery exhibits primarily Russian classical art. Paintings, sculptures, icons and works of decorative and applied arts from the 11th to the beginning of the 20th century are presented here. Let us immediately note that the Tretyakov Gallery usually means its main building, located in Lavrushinsky Lane. And Russian painting of the twentieth century (including works by K. Malevich, M. Larionov, and others) is exhibited separately, in the building of the Tretyakov Gallery on Krymsky Val (Krymsky Val, no. 10). In addition, the Engineering Building of the Tretyakov Gallery, located at 12 Lavrushinsky Lane, hosts interesting temporary exhibitions.

The exhibition area of ​​the main building is more than 12 thousand square meters and is divided into 62 thematic halls. The Tretyakov Gallery's collection includes more than 170 thousand works. Masterpieces of medieval Russian icon painting are collected here, as well as paintings by I. Aivazovsky, M. Vrubel, K. Bryullov, V. Vasnetsov and dozens of other famous Russian masters. The museum exhibits world-class masterpieces, such as the “Trinity” icon by A. Rublev, the monumental paintings “The Appearance of Christ to the People” by A. Ivanov and “Boyaryna Morozova” by V. Surikov, amazing landscapes by I. Levitan and A. Kuindzhi. The museum has book and souvenir shops, a cafe and the Tretyakov Brothers restaurant.

The Tretyakov Gallery building in Lavrushinsky Lane is located in one of the most beautiful historical districts of Moscow -. This is one of the few areas where the buildings of the 18th–19th centuries have been largely preserved. A few steps from the Tretyakov Gallery there are the Marfo-Mariinskaya Convent, the Church of St. Clement of the Pope and the Church of the Resurrection of Christ in Kadashevskaya Sloboda, which are unique in their architecture. In the area of ​​the beautiful pedestrian Pyatnitskaya Street there is a large selection of cafes and restaurants for every taste.

History of the museum's creation

The opening of the museum in the second half of the 19th century became a significant event in the cultural life of Russia. Thanks to the initiative of one person - P. Tretyakov (1832-1898) - a museum of national art was created. Peter Tretyakov was not only a successful entrepreneur, but also a collector with a refined taste. He was especially interested in the work of young realist artists of his time and supported them in every possible way. Tretyakov wrote: “I don’t need rich nature, no magnificent composition, no miracles. Give me at least a dirty puddle, so that there is truth and poetry in it; and there can be poetry in everything, this is the work of the artist.” Communicating closely with the authors, Pavel Mikhailovich acquired many works by artists of the Association of Traveling Exhibitions (I. Repin, V. Surikov, A. Savrasov, etc.), some of which became symbols of the museum. Along with the Russian Museum in St. Petersburg, the Tretyakov Gallery has one of the two best collections of Russian painting in the world.

An important milestone in the history of the gallery was 1904, when a new facade was built in the neo-Russian style, designed by. Over time, this facade became the “calling card” of the museum. After the socialist revolution of 1917, the museum's collections expanded significantly due to the nationalization of private and centralization of regional collections and were constantly replenished throughout the subsequent period. In 1995, the main building of the gallery on Lavrushinsky Lane underwent a large-scale reconstruction.

Collection and masterpieces

The Tretyakov Gallery provides the visitor with an excellent opportunity to get acquainted with ancient Russian icon painting. The museum houses a collection of Orthodox icons, magnificent in number and quality of works. Here you can see icons dating back to the pre-Mongol period - XI-XIII centuries. The famous miraculous icon “Our Lady of Vladimir” is located in the neighboring one (Maly Tolmachevsky Lane, 9), which can be accessed directly from the gallery building. The Tretyakov Gallery houses “Trinity” by A. Rublev (1420s), works by the legendary Dionysius and Theophan the Greek. The icons of the 17th century deserve special mention; they are distinguished by an abundance of details, the finest elaboration of details, and the narrative nature of the visual image. In addition to icons, in the halls with ancient Russian art you can see the mosaic “Dmitry of Thessaloniki” from St. Michael’s Golden-Domed Monastery in Kyiv.

In the 18th century, secular painting began to develop in Russia. Paintings of non-church content, painted on canvas in oil, appear. The portrait genre was especially popular at that time. In the halls dedicated to painting of the 18th century, you can also see still life and landscape: at this time in Russia the process of forming the hierarchy of genres familiar to modern viewers began. By the way, a very interesting collection of painted portraits of the 19th century is presented not far from the Tretyakov Gallery - in the V.A. Museum. Tropinin and Moscow artists of his time.

Most of the gallery's halls are dedicated to the exhibition of paintings of the 19th century, which became the heyday of the Russian art school. The first half of the century is marked by the names of such masters as O. Kiprensky, A. Ivanov, K. Bryullov. The Tretyakov Gallery exhibits “The Appearance of Christ to the People,” a monumental work by Alexander Ivanov, on which he worked for 20 years. The dimensions of the canvas are 540*750 cm, and a separate room was added in 1932 especially for this painting. In the picture the moment of the coming of the Messiah appears before the viewer. The artist is interested not so much in Christ himself as in the people who saw him. The master comes up with his own story for each character in the picture and models his reaction to what is happening. Numerous sketches for the “Appearance of Christ” are also displayed in the hall, and the visitor has the opportunity to see the artist’s creative quest while working on the painting.

The Tretyakov Gallery presents the most significant painting for the history of Russian art, “Bogatyrs”. The artist Viktor Vasnetsov painted this picture with heroic images of legendary warriors for almost twenty years. Researchers believe that the artist depicted himself in the image of Dobrynya. And Ilya Muromets is not an epic hero, but a real historical character of the 12th century. He actually has military feats to his credit, and in his old age Ilya became a monk of the Kiev Pechersk Monastery.

A recognized masterpiece is “The Apotheosis of War” by Vasily Vereshchagin. The painting with the pyramid of skulls was painted in 1871, inspired by the brutal massacre in Turkestan. The artist dedicated his work to “all the great conquerors” of the past, present and future.

As already mentioned, Pavel Tretyakov was very interested in the Association of Traveling Art Exhibitions, an artistic association created in 1870. One of the teachers of the Peredvizhniki was V. Perov, whose works occupy a separate room. Then the works of V. Surikov, I. Repin, I. Kramskoy, N. Ge are exhibited. In the second half of the 19th century, landscape painting actively developed in Russia. Fans of this genre can enjoy the works of A. Savrasov, A. Kuindzhi, I. Aivazovsky, I. Levitan and others.

One of the significant exhibits in this section is “Boyaryna Morozova” by Vasily Surikov. The gigantic painting represents an episode of church schism in the 17th century and is dedicated to the famous supporter of the old faith, Feodosia Morozova. In 1671, the noblewoman was arrested and exiled to the remote Pafnutyev-Borovsky Monastery, where she later died of starvation. The canvas depicts the scene of Morozova being transported to the place of imprisonment.

The hall of Mikhail Vrubel, one of the most brilliant Russian artists of all time, is interesting and unique. This hall is unusual in its size: it was specially built to accommodate the huge “Princess of Dreams” panel. In the same room you can see the artist’s paintings, including the famous painting “Demon (seated)”, his graphics and majolica. The painting “The Swan Princess” was painted by Vrubel in 1900 based on the work of A. S. Pushkin “The Tale of Tsar Saltan” and the opera of the same name by N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov. This opera was designed for stage production by Mikhail Vrubel, and the role of the Swan Princess in the performance was performed by his wife Nadezhda. Vrubel spoke about her voice like this: “Other singers sing like birds, but Nadya sings like a person.”

Next to the M. Vrubel Hall there is a staircase along which you can return to the 1st floor, where painting and sculpture of the early 20th century are displayed. In the art of those years there appears a desire to search for new forms, new solutions. The socially oriented art of the Itinerants, which insistently requires the viewer to critically comprehend social problems, is being replaced by the spontaneity and lightness of the language of the artists of the new generation. Their love for light, for life, for beauty - all this is clearly visible, for example, in the famous “Portrait of a Girl with Peaches” by V. Serov.

Finally, mention should be made of rooms 49-54, where graphics and decorative arts are exhibited. The exhibition in these halls changes regularly, so every visit you can find something new for yourself. In room 54 there is the gallery's Treasury - a collection of items made of precious metals and precious stones: icons, books, sewing, small plastic art, jewelry from the 12th to 20th centuries.

The State Tretyakov Gallery is the most famous museum in the capital, a unique treasury of artistic masterpieces. About interesting facts from the history of the famous paintings of the gallery - in our material

“Ivan the Terrible and his son Ivan November 16, 1581”

This rather creepy painting by Ilya Repin was painted in 1885 and is also known as “Ivan the Terrible Kills His Son.” Emperor Alexander III did not like this work of art, as a result of which it was banned from display for three months, becoming the first painting in the Russian Empire to fall under censorship.

In 1913, the painting was stabbed three times by a mentally ill icon painter.

Having learned about what had happened, the curator of the gallery E. M. Khruslov threw himself under the train. Repin himself specially came to the city to recreate the faces of those depicted, but did not do it very successfully due to changing artistic views. The restorers had to work hard to bring the masterpiece to its original appearance. But Repin didn’t even notice the changes when he saw the restored canvas later.

Photo: artpoisk.info

And more recently, in 2013, a group of historians and Orthodox activists demanded that the painting be removed from the Tretyakov Gallery because, according to them, it offended the patriotic feelings of the Russian people. They refused to remove the canvas.

And in mockery of such a request, the Mitki art group announced that it had begun work on the painting “Mitki Give Ivan the Terrible a New Son,” which would replace the “inappropriate” canvas.

"The Rooks Have Arrived"

The history of the creation of this masterpiece, which became one of the peaks of the Russian landscape, is mysterious and not particularly illuminated. The most famous painting by Alexei Savrasov was created by the artist in the period after the death of his newborn daughter and during the illness of his wife. The author of the iconic landscape tried many times to repeat his masterpiece later and ended up painting the walls of taverns with a copy of his painting in exchange for food and drink.

Photo: mikle1.livejournal.com

"Black square"

Well, how can we do without one of the most discussed and most famous paintings in Russian art? The author of “Black Square” Kazimir Malevich claimed that it took several months to create the famous brainchild. Moreover, according to one version, the masterpiece was created due to the fact that the artist did not have time to complete the painting by the required deadline and covered the work with black paint.

And after completing the work, having received public recognition, the avant-garde artist produced several more copies of his masterpiece (according to some sources, their number reaches seven). We know for sure about four “Black Squares” with different textures, shades, patterns and sizes, two of which can be found in the Tretyakov Gallery, one in the Hermitage, and another in the Russian Museum.

Photo: theoutlook.com.ua

After a thorough examination of the “Black Square” using a microscope and x-ray, it was discovered that two works by the artist were hidden underneath it. Moreover, it was established that one of them belongs to the Cubo-Futurist period of Kazimir Malevich’s work, and the second to the proto-Suprematist period. There was also an inscription made by the author’s hand: “Battle of the Negroes at night.” It is a reference to an earlier painting by Alphonse Allais, which was jokingly done entirely in black. And the location of this very inscription suggests that Malevich’s masterpiece is hanging upside down in the gallery.

Portrait of the writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov

The founder of the gallery, Pavel Tretyakov, in order to obtain the desired painting, paid for the artists’ travel to the object of creativity, which was sometimes located at a very decent distance from Moscow. This is exactly what happened with the portrait of Anton Chekhov, for the creation of which Osip Braz was sent to Nice in 1898. But at that time, the still very young aspiring painter was unable to reveal on canvas the character traits of the famous writer. The first version, written in Russia in 1897, was rejected by both the artist himself and Tretyakov. The second one, created in Nice, alas, did not please Chekhov himself, who wrote the following about him in one of his letters: “The expression is as if I had snorted horseradish.”

Photo: imperor.net 5

"Morning in a pine forest"

Who doesn’t know the famous painting by Ivan Shishkin “Morning in a Pine Forest”? Many are accustomed to calling it more simply - “Three Bears”, although the canvas clearly depicts four bears. And the popular name is connected with the popularity of Soviet candies “Bear Clubfoot” with a reproduction of this work on a candy wrapper, where the fourth bear simply did not fit.

The signature of the painting is also of interest, because in fact the bears were painted by the artist Konstantin Savitsky, a friend of Shishkin, and Shishkin himself created a beautiful forest landscape. That is, we have before us the result of joint creativity of two authors. There is a story that when Tretyakov purchased the masterpiece from Shishkin for 4 thousand rubles, he removed Savitsky’s signature from it, since he saw in the painting only something characteristic of Shishkin’s work.

Photo: dic.academic.ru

Having learned about such a generous sum paid for the canvas, Konstantin Savitsky came to a friend to receive his share. Shishkin offered him a thousand rubles. The fact that his work was valued at a quarter of the cost of the painting greatly hurt Savitsky’s pride, who indignantly declared that the main thing in it was the bears, and Shishkin only painted the background. Shishkin was already offended by this statement, considering the painting to be an independent work without animals. In addition, the artist himself drew sketches of the bear family. As a result, the former friends no longer created joint paintings.

"Portrait of an Unknown Man in a Tricorne Hat"

This portrait of a young man with very delicate facial features was created by Fyodor Rokotov back in the early 1770s. There are two versions regarding the identity of the hero depicted in one of the artist’s most mysterious creations. According to the first, the canvas is a portrait of Count A.G. Bobrinsky, the son of Catherine II and her favorite G.G. Orlov.

Photo: opisanie-kartin.com

The second version is much more interesting, and is also based on X-ray data. The results of the study showed that the painting actually depicts a woman: a brooch and neckline were found under the top layer of paint. The face remained untouched. The following story also came to light: once a close friend of Rokotov ordered a portrait of his wife from him, but she died, and when the man married for the second time, he asked the artist to complete the painting so that he could admire it without offending the feelings of his second wife. Rokotov decided to change the gender of the character in the picture, as a result of which the portrait of an unknown person was obtained.

The Tretyakov Gallery, as the museum is commonly called, has a rich collection and is famous for its many ideas and projects that have been embodied. That is why the Tretyakov Gallery has become so widely known and attracts the attention of true art connoisseurs from different parts of the world. Even people who seem to be far from such “high matters” strive to visit its halls in order to get acquainted with the work of the great masters of the brush. Come to Moscow and not go to the Tretyakov Gallery? This is even difficult to imagine, since it is usually included in all excursion programs. Of course, you can visit here on an individual excursion.

The Tretyakov Gallery, as one of the most famous cultural institutions in Russia, proclaims four main goals of its activities: to preserve, research, present and popularize Russian art, thereby forming a national cultural identity and instilling in modern generations an understanding of the important role played by art as the embodiment of achievements and an expression of the civility of our society. And these goals are achieved through introducing our fellow citizens (we are not talking about foreign tourists) with genuine masterpieces - creations of Russian and world talents. Thus, as one of the grateful visitors to the Tretyakov Gallery noted in his review, people’s lives become brighter, more beautiful and better.

Who was the founder of the Tretyakov Gallery?

We will begin our excursion into the history of the Tretyakov Gallery with an acquaintance with its founder - an outstanding man, without exaggeration, whose name is forever inscribed in the tablets of Russian culture. This is Pavel Mikhailovich Tretyakov, who belonged to a famous merchant family that had nothing to do with culture: his parents were engaged exclusively in commerce. But since Pavel belonged to a wealthy family, he received an excellent education for those times and began to develop a craving for beauty. As an adult, he became involved, as they would say now, in the family business, helping his father in every possible way. When both parents died, the factory they owned passed to the young Tretyakov, and he thoroughly began developing it. The enterprise grew, bringing more and more income. However, despite being extremely busy, Pavel Mikhailovich did not abandon his passion for art.

Tretyakov often thought about creating the first permanent exhibition of Russian painting not only in the capital, but also in Russia. Two years before the opening of the gallery, he began acquiring paintings by Dutch masters. Tretyakov’s legendary collection began in 1856. The young merchant was then only 24 years old. The very first novice philanthropist acquired the oil paintings “Clash with Finnish Smugglers” by V. Khudyakov and “Temptation” by N. Schilder. Today the names of these artists are well known, but then, in the second half of the 19th century, the general public knew nothing about them.

P. M. Tretyakov expanded his unique and priceless collection over several decades. He collected paintings not only by outstanding painters, but also maintained friendly relations with beginning artists, not refusing to help those who needed it, and promoted their work in every possible way. If you give the names of everyone who should be grateful to the patron for his comprehensive help and support, then the scope of one article will not be enough for this - the list will be impressive.

History of the Tretyakov Gallery

The creator of the unique museum saw his brainchild not just as a repository of works by Russian artists, but specifically those of their paintings that would convey the true essence of the Russian soul - open, broad, filled with love for their Fatherland. And so in the summer of 1892, Pavel Mikhailovich donated his collection to Moscow. Thus, the Tretyakov Gallery became the first publicly accessible museum in Russia.

Project of the facade of the Tretyakov Gallery by V. M. Vasnetsov, 1900 "Boy in the Bath" (1858)

At the time of the transfer, the collection consisted not only of paintings, but also of graphic works by Russian painters: the first there were 1287 copies, the second - 518. Separately, it should be said about the works of European authors (there were over 80 of them) and a large collection of Orthodox icons. In addition, there was a place in the collection for sculptures, there were 15 of them.

The Moscow authorities also made their contribution to the replenishment of the museum collection, purchasing real masterpieces of world fine art at the expense of the city treasury. By 1917, which became fatal for Russia, the Tretyakov Gallery already had 4 thousand storage units. A year later, already under the Bolshevik government, the museum received state status. At the same time, the Soviet government nationalized many private collections.

The Tretyakov collection, in addition, was replenished by including exhibits from small metropolitan museums: the Rumyantsev Museum, the Tsvetkov Gallery, the I. S. Ostroukhov Museum of Painting and Iconography. Thus, the beginning of the 30s of the last century was marked by a more than fivefold increase in the art collection. At the same time, paintings by Western European artists were transferred to other collections. Founded by P. M. Tretyakov, the gallery became a repository of paintings that glorify the originality of the Russian people, and this is its fundamental difference from other museums and galleries.

Painting by Louis Caravaque "Portrait of Empress Anna Ioannovna". 1730
"A Peasant in Trouble" by sculptor M.A. Chizhov

Buildings of the Tretyakov Gallery

The main building of the Tretyakov Gallery at 10 Lavrushinsky Lane, in Zamoskvorechye, previously belonged to the family of the founder - his parents and he himself lived in this house. Subsequently, the merchant estate was rebuilt several times. The gallery also occupies buildings adjacent to the main building. The facade that we can see today was built at the beginning of the last century, the author of the sketches was V. M. Vasnetsov.

The style of the building is neo-Russian, and this is no coincidence: this was also intended to emphasize the fact that the museum is a repository of examples of Russian art. On the same main facade, visitors can see a bas-relief image of the capital's coat of arms - St. George with the serpent. And on both sides of it there is a ceramic polychrome frieze, very elegant. A large inscription made in script with the names of Peter and Sergei Tretyakov - both donors of the collection - forms a single whole with the frieze.

In 1930, an additional room was erected to the right of the main building according to the design of the architect A. Shchusov. To the left of the former merchant estate is the Engineering Building. In addition, the Tretyakov Gallery owns a complex on Krymsky Val, where, in particular, exhibitions of contemporary art are held. The exhibition hall in Tolmachi, the museum-temple of St. Nicholas, as well as the museum of A. M. Vasnetsov, the house-museum of the people's artist P. D. Korin and the museum-workshop of the sculptor A. S. Golubkina also belong to the Tretyakov Gallery.

What to see in the Tretyakov Gallery

Currently, the Tretyakov Gallery is more than just a museum, it is a center for the study of various trends in art. Gallery employees, who are high-class professionals, often act as experts and restorers, whose opinions and assessments are listened to. Another asset of the gallery can be considered a unique book fund, which contains over 200 thousand thematic publications in various areas of art.

Now about the exhibition itself. The modern collection includes more than 170 thousand works of Russian art, and this is far from the limit: it continues to grow thanks to artists, donations from individuals, various organizations and the heirs of prominent artists who donate various works. The exhibition is divided into sections, each covering a specific historical period. Let's call them: ancient Russian art, from the 12th to the 18th century; painting of the 17th - first half of the 19th centuries; painting of the second half of the 19th century; Russian graphics from the 13th to the 19th centuries, as well as Russian sculpture of the same period.

"Morning in a pine forest" Ivan Shishkin, Konstantin Savitsky. 1889"Bogatyrs" Viktor Vasnetsov. 1898

Thus, the section of ancient Russian art presents works by both famous icon painters and those who remain nameless. Among the famous names we will name Andrei Rublev, Theophanes the Greek, Dionysius. In the halls reserved for masterpieces of art from the 18th – first half of the 19th centuries, paintings by such outstanding masters as F. S. Rokotov, V. L. Borovikovsky, D. G. Levitsky, K. L. Bryullov, A. A. Ivanov are exhibited.

Also noteworthy is the section of Russian realistic art dating back to the second half of the 1800s, presented in all its completeness and diversity. In this part of the Tretyakov Gallery you can see outstanding works by I. E. Repin, V. I. Surikov, I. N. Kramskoy, I. I. Shishkin, I. I. Levitan and many other masters of the brush. Among the most famous and discussed is the famous “Black Square” by Kazimir Malevich.

Turning to the vibrant collection of works from the late 19th – early 20th centuries, you will see the immortal work of V. A. Serov and M. A. Vrubel, as well as masters of the artistic associations that existed at that time: “Union of Russian Artists”, “World of Art” and “ Blue Rose".

Separately, it should be said about that part of the exhibition, which is known as the “Treasury”. Here is a literally priceless collection of artistic items made from precious stones and precious metals, made from the 12th to the 20th centuries.

Another special section of the Tretyakov Gallery displays examples of graphics, the peculiarity of which is that direct bright light should not fall on them. They are exhibited in rooms with soft artificial lighting, which makes them seem especially beautiful and enchanting.

Note to tourists: photography of temporary exhibitions in the Tretyakov Gallery may be prohibited (this will be reported separately).

Working hours

The Tretyakov Gallery is open on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and Sundays from 10:00 to 18:00; on Thursdays, Fridays and Saturdays - from 10:00 to 21:00. Day off is Monday. The excursion can be booked at the tour desk, which is located at the main entrance. It lasts from 1 hour 15 minutes to one and a half hours.

How to get there

You can get to the main building of the Tretyakov Gallery at 10 Lavrushinsky Lane by metro. Stations: “Tretyakovskaya” or “Polyanka” (Kalininskaya metro line), as well as “Oktyabrskaya” and “Novokuznetskaya” of the Kaluzhsko-Rizhskaya line and “Oktyabrskaya” of the Circle line.

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The State Tretyakov Gallery is one of the largest art museums of Russian fine art. Today the Tretyakov collection numbers about one hundred thousand items.

With so many exhibits, you can wander through the exhibition for several days, so Localway has prepared a route through the Tretyakov Gallery, passing through the most important halls of the museum. Don't get lost!

The inspection begins from the main entrance, if you stand facing the ticket office, there is a staircase on the left leading to the second floor. The hall numbers are written at the entrance, above the doorway.

Hall 10 is almost entirely dedicated to the painting “The Appearance of the Messiah” by Alexander Andreevich Ivanov (the better known title is “The Appearance of Christ to the People”). The canvas itself occupies an entire wall, the remaining space is filled with sketches and sketches, of which a great many have accumulated over the twenty years of work on the painting. The artist painted “The Appearance of the Messiah” in Italy, then, not without incident, transported the canvas to Russia, and after criticism and non-recognition of the painting in his homeland, he died suddenly. It is interesting that the canvas depicts Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol and Ivanov himself, among others.

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In room 16, on the right in the direction of travel, there is a touching painting by Vasily Vladimirovich Pukirev “Unequal Marriage”. There are rumors that this painting is autobiographical: Pukirev’s failed bride was married off to a rich prince. The artist immortalized himself in the painting - in the background, a young man with his arms crossed on his chest. True, these versions do not have factual confirmation.

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Hall No. 16

On the left in the same room is the canvas “Princess Tarakanova” by Konstantin Dmitrievich Flavitsky. The painting depicts the legendary impostor who tried to pass herself off as the daughter of Empress Elizabeth Petrovna. There are many versions of the death of Princess Tarakanova (real name unknown), the official one is death from consumption. However, another one went “to the people” (including thanks to Flavitsky’s work): the adventurer died during a flood in St. Petersburg, in a prison cell in the Peter and Paul Fortress.

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Hall No. 16

In the 17th room there is a painting by Vasily Grigorievich Perov “Hunters at a Rest”. The canvas presents a whole plot composition: an older character (on the left) tells some kind of fictional story, which the young hunter (on the right) sincerely believes. The middle-aged man (center) is skeptical about the story and just chuckles.

Experts often draw a parallel between Perov’s painting and Turgenev’s “Notes of a Hunter.”

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Hall No. 17

In room 18 there is the most famous painting by Alexei Kondratyevich Savrasov, “The Rooks Have Arrived,” written in the Kostroma region. The Church of the Resurrection, depicted in the picture, exists to this day - now the Savrasov Museum is located there.

Unfortunately, despite many wonderful works, the artist remained in the memory of the people as “the author of one picture” and died in poverty. However, it was “Rooks” that became the starting point for a new genre of landscape school in Russia - lyrical landscape. Subsequently, Savrasov painted several replicas of the painting.

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Hall No. 18

In the 19th room there is a painting by Ivan Konstantinovich Aivazovsky “Rainbow”. Surprisingly, the artist, who painted about six thousand canvases during his life, always remained faithful to his chosen genre - marinism. The presented picture is no different in plot from most of Aivazovsky’s works: the canvas depicts a shipwreck in a storm. The difference lies in the colors. Typically using bright colors, the artist chose softer tones for “Rainbow.”

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Hall No. 19

In room 20 there is the famous painting by Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy “Unknown” (it is often mistakenly called “Stranger”). The painting depicts a regal, chic lady traveling in a carriage. It is interesting that the woman’s identity remained a mystery both to the artist’s contemporaries and art critics.

Kramskoy was one of the founders of the “Itinerants” society, an association of artists who opposed themselves to representatives of academic art in painting and organized traveling exhibitions of their works.

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Hall No. 20

On the right, in the direction of travel, in room 25 there is a painting by Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin “Morning in a Pine Forest” (sometimes the canvas is mistakenly called “Morning in a Pine Forest”). Despite the fact that now the authorship belongs to one artist, two people worked on the painting: landscape painter Shishkin and genre painter Savitsky. Konstantin Apollonovich Savitsky painted the bear cubs, in addition, the very idea of ​​​​creating the painting is sometimes attributed to him. There are several versions of how Savitsky’s signature disappeared from the canvas. According to one of them, Konstantin Apollonovich himself removed his last name from the finished work, thereby renouncing authorship; according to another, the artist’s signature was erased by collector Pavel Tretyakov after purchasing the painting.

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Hall No. 25

In room 26 there are three fabulous paintings by Viktor Mikhailovich Vasnetsov: “Alyonushka”, “Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf” and “Bogatyrs”. Three heroes - Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets and Alyosha Popovich (from left to right in the picture) - are perhaps the most famous heroes of Russian epics. In Vasnetsov’s canvas, brave fellows, ready to take on battle at any moment, look out for an enemy on the horizon.

It is interesting that Vasnetsov was not only an artist, but also an architect. For example, the extension to the main entrance hall of the Tretyakov Ball Gallery was designed by him.

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Hall No. 26

In the 27th room there is a painting by Vasily Vasilyevich Vereshchagin “The Apotheosis of War”, which belongs to the series of paintings “Barbarians”, written by the artist under the impression of military operations in Turkestan. There are many versions as to why such pyramids of skulls were laid out. According to one legend, Tamerlane heard from the women of Baghdad a story about their unfaithful husbands and ordered each of his soldiers to bring the severed head of the traitors. As a result, several mountains of skulls were formed.

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Hall No. 27

In room 28 there is one of the most famous and important paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery - “Boyaryna Morozova” by Vasily Ivanovich Surikov. Feodosia Morozova is an associate of Archpriest Avvakum, an adherent of the Old Believers, for which she paid with her life. On the canvas, the noblewoman, as a result of a conflict with the tsar - Morozova refused to accept the new faith - is being taken through one of the Moscow squares to her place of imprisonment. Theodora raised two fingers as a sign that her faith was not broken.

A year and a half later, Morozova died of starvation in the earthen prison of the monastery.

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Hall No. 28

Here, in the 28th room, there is another epic painting by Surikov - “The Morning of the Streltsy Execution”. The Streltsy regiments were sentenced to death as a result of a failed rebellion caused by the hardships of military service. The painting deliberately does not depict the execution itself, but only people awaiting it. However, there is a legend that initially the sketches of the canvas were also written of archers who had already been executed by hanging, but one day, going into the artist’s studio and seeing the sketch, the maid fainted. Surikov, who did not want to shock the public, but to convey the state of mind of the condemned in the last minutes of their lives, removed the images of the hanged from the painting.

At the very end of the nineteenth century, the map of Moscow was updated in connection with the appearance of the State Tretyakov Gallery on it. For a long time he accumulated his collection of various works of art, the founder of the gallery. In 1982, the collection passed from the hands of merchant Pavel Tretyakov into the ownership of the city.

Of course, the current composition of the gallery has changed significantly since its founding: the collection has grown and been enriched with new exhibits. At the moment, the number of paintings in the Tretyakov Gallery has long exceeded 7 thousand.

The first paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery

The legendary collection began 26 years before the gallery was founded with two paintings. In 1956, Pavel Tretyakov bought the first exhibits of the future exhibition: "Skirmish with Finnish Smugglers" brushes V. Khudyakova And "Temptation" work N. Schilder. A little later, a connoisseur of Russian painting acquired several more works that are known to us as "The Peddler" V. Jacobi, “The Sick Musician” by M. Klodt, “Cherry picking” by I. Sokolov, and “View in the vicinity of Oranienbaum” by A. Savrasov.

The most famous paintings of the Tretyakov Gallery

A lover of Russian art, Tretyakov left a huge number of paintings by his compatriots, but in addition to them, the gallery also contains a sufficient number of world-famous works of art.

Night landscapes were not nonsense in painting, especially Russian. However, Kramskoy’s painting turned it upside down and truly shocked the artistic world. "Mermaids", on which Ivan Kramskoy in a fairy-tale manner he added mermaids to the familiar landscape.

One of the most famous Russian paintings on the theme of fairy tales is undoubtedly the fruit of talented hands Viktor Vasnetsov painting "Bogatyrs".

The technique of painting with a palette knife is also presented in this collection. Mihaly Vrubel and him "Demon Seated" occupy an honorable place in the list of the most famous paintings in the Tretyakov Gallery.

The “Bear-toed Bear” sweets are to the taste of both adults and children, and, of course, everyone without exception knows that there is a picture painted on the wrapper of these sweets Ivan Shishkin “Morning in a pine forest.”

Recognized at first only by Italian critics and completely rejected at home, the painting “ The Appearance of Christ to the People" Alexander Ivanov nevertheless he left an indelible mark on the history of Russian painting.

The word “war” in itself does not evoke any pleasant associations, but, looking at the notorious picture "Apotheosis of War", once again you are convinced of its uselessness and horror. Vasily Vereshchagin with his skill he filled the picture with incredibly deep meaning.

The school curriculum has long been unimaginable without a canvas Alexey Savrasov.

One of the saddest events in the history of Russia, of course, is considered the Streletsky execution. Vasily Surikov Surprisingly realistic and clearly conveys the atmosphere of what was happening in his picture "The morning of the Streltsy execution."

The church schism of the seventeenth century also inspired Vasily Surikov to paint a picture. One of the most important paintings in the Tretyakov Gallery "Boyaryna Morozova" puts us in those.

The painting, painted with special love for city life at the end of the 19th century, does not leave you indifferent. Vasily Poleno in and out "Moscow courtyard" help us plunge into the atmosphere of Moscow life.

Numerous gallery visitors never pass by "Verochki"- fruit of the hand Serova.

Particularly honorable place in the exhibition belongs to portrait of A.S. Pushkin, drawn Orest Kiprensky.

Literally from the first day, the painting “Horsewoman”, painted in 1832 by Karl Bryullov, became famous.