Turgenev family estate. Open left menu Spasskoe-Lutovinovo

From Passkoye-Lutovinovo - the estate of the mother of the great Russian writer Ivan Turgenev, now a state memorial and natural museum-reserve in the Mtsensk district of the Oryol region.

History of creation

The village of Spasskoye was named so because of the Church of the Transfiguration of the Savior located here. At the end of the 16th century, Ivan the Terrible granted it to Ivan Lutovinov, who created an estate on this territory: its center was a two-story wooden, brick-lined house (with a library, theater and choirs for musicians), flower beds were laid out in front of it, and a stone gallery and kitchen stood nearby. , a bathhouse, a barnyard, a poultry yard, a forge, a carpentry outbuilding and a mill, a number of other outbuildings, a hospital, an outbuilding for the police, a laboratory. Having survived almost five centuries of history, today the estate is a State Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve - a unique cultural monument, the only memorial museum of the great Russian writer in Russia.

Museum-Estate of I.S. Turgenev "Spasskoye-Lutovinovo" was created on October 22, 1922 in accordance with the resolution of the department of museums and protection of monuments of art and antiquities of the People's Commissariat of Education and legislative act 1921 on the protection of historical estates, natural monuments, parks and gardens. At the origins of the creation of the museum were A.V. Lunacharsky and V.Ya. Bryusov. In the formation of the museum-estate in different time took part A.M. Gorky, K.A. Fedin, I.A. Novikov, and the first custodian was the famous literary scholar M.V. Portugalov.

The I.S. Turgenev Museum-Reserve “Spasskoye-Lutovinovo” is not only a memorial to the great Russian writer, not only a memory of people and events that in one way or another touched Spassky throughout its centuries-old history, it is one of the few estates preserved in Russia -monuments, the Turgenev space preserved with great difficulty by our ancestors. Nowadays, it is a historically established complex of estate buildings, which includes, in addition to the house-museum, the Church of the Transfiguration and the Lutovinov family crypt, an almshouse built at the expense of I.S. and N.S. Turgenev in 1872, as well as outbuildings - a stable, a carriage house, a harness room, a bathhouse and a cellar. Directly adjacent to the main manor house is the “outbuilding of the exile”, in which I.S. Turgenev lived during his exile in Spasskoye in 1852–1853.

Restoration of the museum

In 1939, in connection with the 120th anniversary of his birth, the outbuilding, almshouse and bathhouse, stable and carriage house were restored in the museum, and the memories of I.S.’s contemporaries were collected and studied. Turgenev, sketches and photographs of the estate, testimonies of old-timers, measurements of surviving buildings and excavations of the foundations of destroyed buildings were made, projects for the restoration of buildings in the reserve were drawn up, and work began on clearing the park. During the Great Patriotic War, the buildings of the church, the Lutovinov family crypt, the carriage house and the stables were severely damaged. The territory of the estate was pitted with dugouts, trenches, craters from bombs and shells, the pond with the broken dam had dried up, and the park alleys were littered with fallen trees. But already on June 16, 1944, the Turgenev Nature Reserve was reopened to visitors. The territory of the estate was cleared of mines and shells, dead trees were removed, dugouts and trenches were filled up; The birch alley leading to the pond has been completely restored, and the dam of the Big Pond has been repaired. In 1968-1976 was restored at home by I.S. Turgenev: the writer’s original belongings, family heirlooms and preserved furniture formed the basis of the exhibition of the house-museum.

It appeared at the end of the 16th century, at a time when Ivan the Terrible decided to donate a tiny village with a small Church of the Transfiguration to the wealthy Lutovinov family.

The head of the family then was Ivan Lutovinov. The name of the village - Spasskoye-Lutovinovo - comes from the first word in the name of the church and the name of its owner.

Estate organizer

Ivan Ivanovich Lutovinov was Turgenev’s great-uncle on his mother’s side. He held the position of judge and was known as a wealthy landowner. A noble relative, having received the village as a reward, began to build an estate there. In the center of the estate a wooden manor house with two floors arose. Its façade was decorated with porticoes, columns and five-arch windows.

The area around the manor's house was equipped with flower beds and figured flower beds. After some time, they created a park, planting pine, spruce and fir trees. They built the Church of the Transfiguration. Although it was located on the estate, it was always a parish one, intended for all villagers. The church is the oldest building that has not collapsed in Spassky-Lutovinovo since its construction.

The estate turned out to be luxurious. However, there was no hint of calm in him. Numerous relatives, who laid claim to ownership of the estate after the death of Ivan Ivanovich, continually weaved intrigues and started litigation in order to obtain ownership of the family nest.

The division of the estate continued for a very long time, until January 1814, when the judge’s lively and tenacious niece won it for her own benefit. By coincidence, Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova was lucky enough to declare herself as the only legal heir. In those days, life was in full swing in Spassky-Lutovinovo. The estate hosted an endless series of balls, picnics and home performances.

The handsome cavalry guard Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev, who married the agile Varvara Petrovna in Spassk- Church of the Transfiguration at the estate, became the happy father of the future literary classic. He and his wife had a son, Vanechka, in Orel. In 1823 the family settled on the estate. Early years who later became a famous Russian writer, were held in Spassky-Lutovinovo and its environs.

Turgenev and Spasskoye-Lutovinovo

In 1827, the family moved to Moscow because the children needed a good education. The owners did not abandon the estate forever. The family visited there from time to time. Each trip to the village filled the life of young Turgenev with vivid impressions. The village way of life was subsequently reflected many times in the works of the legendary writer.

He became that rare writer who noticed and accurately conveyed in words the colorful originality of the Russian village. Turgenev found not only natural wealth and beauty in the village. Spasskoye-Lutovinovo exposed to him the appalling poverty and lack of rights of the serfs. The towns described by Ivan Sergeevich in his works are authentic.

He wrote with sincerity and truthfulness about Bezhin Meadow and Raspberry Water. The first reader of the novel “Rudin”, which Turgenev wrote in seven weeks in Spassky-Lutovinovo, was L.N. Tolstoy, who was visiting the estate at the time. Ivan Sergeevich worked on Faust there.

He always spoke warmly about the estate, claiming that only there he could work well. Here he lived for a total of 17 years and wrote the bulk of his works. When the property was divided, Ivan Sergeevich defended Spasskoye for himself. Due to financial affairs that constantly left much to be desired, he sold off the estates in his ownership, retaining only the estate in Spassky-Lutovinovo.

Arriving at the estate in May 1852, Turgenev did not leave it until December 1853, being under police surveillance. House arrest became retribution for the written and published obituary of Gogol. The last visit to the estate, which occurred in 1881, was preceded by a fifteen-year break.

Historical facts

Significant changes were taking place on the empty estate. There was a fire in the manor's house in 1839. Only the left wing did not burn out. The destroyed third of the building was reconstructed again, and in 1840 an outbuilding was added to it, where the estate manager settled.

With the passing of the writer, the estate became empty. According to the will, Turgenev's estate Spasskoye-Lutovinovo and other property of the writer were given to Polina Viardot-Garcia, a foreign citizen. She had no desire to own the estate, and by law she could not manage it. Therefore, the estate was transferred to distant relatives - the Galakhov family.

The new owners did not want to live in it. But they took the trouble to transport all the property to Orel. The house in the abandoned estate where Turgenev worked burned down in 1906. Its restoration began 12 years later, on the occasion of the centenary of the Russian classic. The museum was founded by A.V. Lunacharsky and V.Ya. Bryusov.

The property that belonged to Turgenev was stored in Orel; with the end of the revolution, it was transferred to the local museum. Spasskoye-Lutovinovo will find it again only in 1968, when they decide to restore the house on the occasion of Turgenev’s 150th anniversary. At the memorial exhibition in 1976, numerous interested visitors were already shown authentic household items and furniture of Ivan Sergeevich.

Famous guests of Spassky-Lutovinovo

Turgenev's family nest is famous for those guests who visited talented writer, because they also became legends of that era. A. Fet, I. Aksenov, L. Tolstoy, M. Shchepkin, N. Nekrasov, M. Savin, V. Garshin and many other prominent representatives of Russian culture of that time had a chance to come to Spasskoye-Lutovinovo.

It was with them, with his friends, that Ivan Sergeevich had intimate conversations in the living room, and had heated debates in his study or huge library.

An unprecedented creative atmosphere reigns in the memorial museum-reserve. It is so imbued with the spirit of the greatest Russian classics that it takes the guests' breath away.

Manor architecture in Spassky

The estate received a new impetus for development in 1988. It was then that the restoration of the ancient park began. It took the craftsmen twenty years to restore the original appearance of the estate and the former appearance of the mansion, as well as the neighboring buildings. Thanks to first-class specialists, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo appears to visitors the same as during the life of Ivan Sergeevich.

Landlord's mansion

The spirit of Turgenev's era can be seen in the lacy verandas, drowning in green ivy, in the tiny windows of the mezzanine, in the porches, in the enfilade rooms and their interior decoration. The furnishings of the mansion are represented by magnificent pieces made by Russian and foreign craftsmen who worked in the 18th century. XIX century X.

Individual pieces of furniture are real masterpieces of folk crafts. Empire furniture amazes with its simplicity and refinement of features. The rooms are filled with warmth and light emitted by noble wood. The luxurious Samson sofa was given its former place in the small living room.

The rhythmic ticking of the English clock perched in the dining room emanates a sense of homeliness. Their melodic chime is heard at half-hour intervals in the silence that reigns in the old mansion. The desk where Ivan Sergeevich worked on famous works, returned to the bowels of the office.

Homestead park

The mansion is surrounded by a park spread over forty hectares. They descend to the ancient reservoir where Turgenev's estate was originally built. Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is proud of the oak tree planted by the young Turgenev and which managed to survive during the hard times, as well as its extensive area and two thousand relict trees. Among them there are century-old elms, spruces, and silver poplars.

Ivan Sergeevich adored Spasskoye-Lutovinovo. He liked the crossroads of alleys formed by linden trees and interspersed with lawns, bathed in the sun and overgrown with silky herbs, the restless chirping of birds, the pond sparkling with the mirror of the water surface.

The natural beauty of Spassky does not leave any visitor indifferent.

Church of the Transfiguration

The church, originally built as a parish church, is still in use. Those who wish can enter it when the museum is open. Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is a memorial ensemble in which the buildings have been preserved as a complex.

Inside the park fence there is a church gatehouse, turned into a museum ticket office. A cemetery was founded near the park, where the Lutovinov family crypt is located. It, together with the small chapel of Alexander Nevsky, was moved outside the estate fence.

Description of the Exile's Outhouse

Behind the main building is the manager's house, called the exile's wing. The name of the building, erected in 1840, appeared twelve years later, when the writer arrived at the estate to serve his exile. At that time, with the consent of Turgenev, the manager’s family lived in the main house. The writer did not evict his family into the outbuilding; he settled in it himself.

An exhibition with the writer’s belongings was organized in the outbuilding, telling about the creative successes of Ivan Sergeevich. Next door there is a utility yard, on the territory of which there is a cellar, a bathhouse, a carriage house and a stable. And what would a Russian landowner’s estate be without a pond?! Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is ennobled by a beautiful blacksmith pond.

During the war years (1941-1945), a hospital operated on the estate. Therefore, in the park near the oak tree there is a mass grave where Soviet soldiers are buried.

Relics of the estate

Spasskoye-Lutovinovo (the photos of the place are magnificent) contains priceless relics. In the exhibitions of the Turgenev Museum you can see a collection of paintings, which included great works written by Klodt, Dmitriev-Orenburgsky, Svechkov; unique interior items; huge library. Rare exhibits were collected by generations of the Turgenevs.

The meaning of the estate

Spasskoye with his shady alleys was reflected on the pages of Turgenev’s works, glorifying the modest and at the same time full irresistible charm natural beauty vast Russian expanses. Turgenev's estate is an example of the landowner's way of life mid-19th centuries. The estate is of great importance for Russian literary fame, historical heritage great state.

It's not surprising that Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is the only memorial museum of Ivan Turgenev in Russia. Where should he be if not on the Turgenev family estate in the Oryol province? It is Spassky, by the way, because there has long been a Church of the Transfiguration here. Lutovinovo - named after the first owner of the estate, Ivan Lutovinov, to whom Tsar Ivan the Terrible gave these lands back in the 16th century. The owner used them with great reason, building a two-story mansion with a library, theater and even choirs for musicians. This predetermined the creative direction of the building. It is not for nothing that later Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev wrote so well here.

The great Russian writer was born into the family of Ivan Lutovinov’s niece and the stalwart nobleman Sergei Turgenev, whom she married, inheriting her uncle’s estate. Having lived out their term, the parents passed it on to their son. For Ivan Turgenev, Spasskoye-Lutovinovo was, as they say, the center of life. Here he spent his serene childhood, here he was under house arrest after a conflict with Nicholas the First, here his story “The Inn” and the unpublished story “Two Generations” were born, here he wrote “Rudina”. Later, having already returned from Europe, it was here that Ivan Sergeevich gave birth to his main works - “The Noble Nest”, “On the Eve” and “Fathers and Sons”.

By the way, the Turgenev family estate is famous not only because its talented owner lived and worked here, but also because legendary guests came here to see him. Not only Afanasy Fet and Ivan Aksenov, but also Leo Tolstoy visited Spassky-Lutovinovo several times. In other words, there is such a creative atmosphere here, saturated with the former presence of the great Russian classics, that it can take the breath away of excursionists. But this memorial museum might not exist. After the death of Ivan Turgenev, the house, unfortunately, burned down. Only after the revolution the estate was declared state reserve. But only in 1976 was the lost house finally restored, furnished with miraculously preserved furniture that decorated it in 1881, when the writer last time stayed in the family nest.

A new stage in the development of the memorial began in 1988, when restoration of the old park began. Only after twenty years of continuous work the estate in Spasskoye-Lutovinovo acquired a look that delighted Turgenev and his great guests. Nowadays, every year more than a hundred tourists can admire the mansion with carved patterned verandas, small mezzanine windows, and porches from Turgenev’s time. It is not only in the same place, but also in the same form. A special role is played by interior items of those times, including the famous huge Turgenev sofa in the living room. Perhaps Leo Tolstoy, who was visiting Ivan Sergeevich, sat on it.

Museum-Estate "Spasskoye-Lutovinovo"

State Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve I.S. Turgenev "Spasskoye-Lutovinovo" is one of the especially valuable objects cultural heritage peoples Russian Federation. This unique monument of Russian culture is the only memorial museum of the great writer.

The ancient estate of Spasskoye-Lutovinovo, which is located among the hills and fields of the Oryol province, is the family nest of the great Russian writer Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. Its history begins in the 16th century, when by royal decree Spasskoye was granted to the Lutovinov nobles. The mediocre and provincial estate began to transform when Turgenev’s great-uncle Ivan Ivanovich Lutovinov became its owner. The center of the estate was an elegant manor house with a mezzanine, many verandas and porches. A park was laid out around the house, which was rightfully considered a masterpiece of landscape gardening art of that time. Outbuildings were erected - a mill, a forge, a poultry yard and others. Under Ivan Ivanovich Lutovinov, buildings for a hospital and almshouse were built in Spassky.

Spasskoye-Lutovinovo was inherited by Lutovinov's niece Varvara, who soon married officer Sergei Turgenev and in 1818 gave birth to his son Ivan. Here, among the calm beauty of Russian lands and measured life manor's estate Nine childhood years have passed for the future classic of Russian literature. The bright linden alleys, the calm surface of the park pond, the silence and coolness of the rooms of the manor’s house, which could easily be recognized in his “ Noble nest", "Rudine", "First Love" and a host of other works.

The fate of Turgenev's estate after his death was difficult. Ivan Sergeevich had no direct heirs, and there was no one to take care of the safety of the estate and all property. But since 1918, the estate gradually began to recover, from the memorial museum of the writer Spasskoye-Lutovinovo to the rank of the State Memorial and Natural Museum-Reserve.

Today Spasskoye-Lutovinovo is a huge complex that includes memorial buildings, museum exhibitions and one of the most beautiful parks in Russia. The main wealth of the museum-reserve is the memorial house of I.S. Turgenev, who keeps a priceless collection of genuine Turgenev items. According to the testimony of old-timers, sketches and photographs, the original furnishings of the 19th century have been restored in the house and the “outhouse of the exile”. The estate amazes with its beauty and well-groomed appearance. Turgenevsky Park regained its majestic appearance. The birch alley leading to the dam and the Big Pond and Varnavitsky ravine has been restored.

The fame of the museum-reserve I.S. Turgeneva stepped far beyond the borders of Russia. Every year the estate-monument is visited by about 120 thousand visitors.