Types of modern dances. Names of modern dances
Modern dance consists of huge amount types and subtypes of dance movements, therefore it is considered the most extensive section in choreographic art.
It includes such types of dances as ballroom, jazz, modern, contemporary and others a little less popular types modern dance. Each direction has its own characteristics, which makes modern dance rich and bright direction in choreography.
Types of modern dances: jazz dance
Despite its name, modern dance is not so young compared to other types dance art. For example, jazz dance is the most “mature” subsection this direction, since it originates at the end of the 19th century.
Jazz dance has its own movements, which differ in both dance techniques and manner of performance. This is step, funk, soul, Broadway jazz, classical jazz, Afro-jazz, street, freestyle and many other types.
The youngest direction of jazz dance is soul. His distinctive feature can be considered a large number of different movements per unit of tempo, which are performed with maximum stretching in time.
However, the most striking type of modern dance is flash jazz, which amazes with the complexity of dance tricks, virtuosity and a large number of dance techniques, which makes it similar to.
Jazz dance, especially street jazz, played important role in the development of modern choreographic art and became the progenitor of one-day dances and youth dance styles such as boogie-woogie, break, rap, house. You probably noticed that the names of the dances coincide with the common ones.
Types of modern dances: ballroom dance
Ballroom dance today is an independent type of sports art, which was formed from a mixture of historical and everyday dance, jazz dance, as well as social one-day dances. In modern dance world ballroom dance includes Latin American and European programs.
The Latin American program includes dances such as:
- Cha-cha-cha
- Samba
- Rumba
- Paso Doble
- Jive
Performers of the European program dance:
- Slow waltz.
- Viennese Waltz.
- Slow foxtrot.
- Quickstep.
- Tango.
These types of modern dances involve beautiful movement of not only the body, but also the face. This gives ballroom dancing even more expressiveness and liveliness.
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Types of modern dances: modern
The peculiarity of this type of modern dance is its philosophical approach to movement and rejection of canons. classical dance. This type of dance is characterized by the relationship between the dancer’s movements and rhythm-forming fundamentals, as well as the search for a second and third plan. musical accompaniment.
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Types of modern dances: contemporary dance
An important point in this modern direction choreographic art is the connection of internal emotional state a dancer with the dance form itself. Сontemporary dance involves the maximum use of internal resources with the help various techniques, such as dance and contact improvisation, release.
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Many types of modern dances, however, as well as dances, are extremely popular both among young people and among people mature age. This is not surprising, because the beauty of the virtuosity of performing jazz dances, the soulfulness and harmony of the slow waltz and the transfer of state and mood in contemporary dance is not only very impressive, but also makes you think about the scale of this trend in choreographic art.
- Main part
3.1. A little history
The art of ballroom dancing originated many centuries ago in rainy England, but hot weather can rightfully be considered their homeland. Latin America, and snowy Russia. Modern ballroom dancing- is the result of long development and influence of culture different nations, music and costume. They include many various types choreography, from ancient and folk to modern. Complicating choreography and technical requirements determined the need for dancers to have good physical fitness. Previously, dancing was considered a kind of art. Today it is common to consider modern ballroom dancing as an “artistic sport”.
This means that modern ballroom dancing is also an art, airy, so seemingly light, soaring above the ground and calling upward, an art that is associated with serious physical labor. Dancers are renowned for their excellent physical fitness; The more professional the dancer, the higher his speed, the better his coordination, and the greater his strength. In addition, in order to know and perform a dance technique, it is necessary to have developed muscles in order to be able to demonstrate this technique clearly, with greater amplitude, speed and precise rhythm. If a dancer wants to shine and look his best, he needs to best form body was with him constantly. And dance skill will grow in proportion to the level physical training dancer
Conducting a survey of children on the topic “The World of My Hobbies” (Appendix 1), I found that most boys of my age engage in wrestling, less in swimming and football, there are those who engage in music and painting, but only girls do dancing. The survey showed that boys are closer to sports (Appendix 2). But why? Why do boys, when they hear about dancing, roll their eyes and immediately say “no”!? Is this really embarrassing? It’s a shame to have good posture, good health, and in the end, is it a shame to be able to communicate with girls? I think this is explained by the fact that few people are familiar with the sport of ballroom dancing.
Sports ballroom dancing is a set of dances that includes two programs: European and Latin American. The European program includes: slow waltz, quickstep, tango, Viennese waltz, slow foxtrot; The Latin American program includes dances: cha-cha-cha, jive, rumba, samba and paso doble. Because Since ballroom dancing is a specific sport, dances are learned gradually, and each dance consists of a certain set of figures, the complexity of which also increases over time.
Another one of the inseparable parts good dance- these are facial expressions, gestures and the nature of the execution of figures that give the dance an emotional manifestation.
- Conclusion
- improves physique;
- trains muscles;
- strengthens the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
I was dancing
I do dancing
I'll be dancing!
- Kasatkina L.V. Dance is life. St. Petersburg, 2006
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“Topic: “Modern ballroom dancing - is it an art or a sport?” »
Subject:“Is modern ballroom dancing an art or a sport?”
Introduction
In everyone's life modern child whose parents are not indifferent to the development and upbringing of their beloved child, sooner or later the time comes when it is necessary to make a decision about where he will study - in sports section, theater studio or in art school. The same situation happened in my life 4 years ago. My mother took me to a modern ballroom dance club and told the leader: “My boy is shy, timid and unsure of himself. He is not an athlete by nature, let him dance. “To which the coach replied: “We have a sports dance club.” Mom continued: “Okay, let him dance sportily.” This is how I’ve been thinking for five years now, where did I end up, where did my mother take me: into sports or art?
All these years, my family and friends have supported me, praised me and are proud of me, but my peers began to chuckle: “They say, Artyom, you are not doing a man’s business.” I'm annoyed and offended. There were times when I thought about quitting dancing and doing something else. But the coach and parents insist on dancing, claiming that they give a lot to my development.
This year I started studying at a music school, but I didn’t give up dancing, and I, as before, am interested in the question “Is modern ballroom dancing an art or a sport?” And how are these activities useful? For an answer I turned to literary sources, Internet resources, and also asked friends. And I present the results of my research below.
Goals and objectives
The purpose of my work:
understand what modern ballroom dancing is and how the harmonious development of a person occurs through a combination of art and sport in dance.
During my work I need to solve the following problems:
reveal the concept of “ballroom dancing”;
highlight the qualities that are formed during dance classes;
get acquainted with the features of the training process;
analyze, summarize and systematize the data obtained;
Introduce your classmates to the results of your work.
Main part
3.1. A little history
The art of ballroom dancing originated many centuries ago in rainy England, but hot Latin America and snowy Russia can rightfully be considered their homeland. Modern ballroom dancing is the result of a long development and influence of the culture of different peoples, music and costume. They include many different types of choreography, from ancient and folk to modern. The increasing complexity of choreography and technical requirements determined the need for dancers to be in good physical shape. Previously, dancing was considered a kind of art. Today it is common to consider modern ballroom dancing as an “artistic sport”.
The organic combination of sports and art led to the emergence of sports dance. Today it is one of the most beautiful, complex, interesting and spectacular views sports Sports ballroom dancing promotes the harmonious development of not only all muscle groups, but also the brain, as well as a sense of musicality and plasticity, individuality and imagination, reaction and self-control.
3.2. Why is ballroom dancing recognized as a sport?
Not so long ago, ballroom dancing was considered just one of the art directions, and in 1997 the International Olympic Committee recognized dance Sport An Olympic sport. Why did this happen? This fact is explained very, very simply. Ballroom dancing requires dancers to display exactly the same qualities that are inherent in real athletes: agility, endurance, determination, daily hard work, and the like.
Here are the main criteria that allowed ballroom dancing to be recognized as an independent sport:
Physical strength. In terms of the intensity of the lifts and the complexity of performing the elements, ballroom dancing can be compared with ice dancing (many combinations came into ice dancing from ordinary dances).
Flexibility and coordination. These qualities are necessary for maneuvering on the floor and executing figures and lines. Similar qualities are characteristic of sports such as diving, sailing, surfing, basketball and even football, but it is closest to gymnastics.
Endurance. Dance sport competitions are held in several rounds - from preliminary to semi-finals and finals. In each round, dancers must perform five two-minute dances. A 1996 study found that the degree of muscle tension and breathing rate of dancers performing one two-minute dance were similar to those of cyclists, swimmers and middle-distance runners (over the same period of time). The finalist of the World Championship in 10 dances performs 30 dances during the tournament!
Discipline and team spirit. Dance sport is a team sport. A team can be one couple. A team can consist of 16 members (8 pairs) in formation competitions. The discipline requirements of 16 people performing up to 13 changes of dance tempo, and at the same time constantly coordinating their position on the floor relative to other team members, are much higher compared to other sports.
Musicality. All competitive dance competitors must demonstrate an understanding of music and rhythm in the same manner as required in rhythmic gymnastics.
Grace and style. Like ice dancing and rhythmic gymnastics, in sport dancing an important component of success is fluidity of movement and attractive appearance. appearance couples.
3.3. Why are they considered art?
However, unlike most other sports, dancing has features that allow it to be considered not only a sport, but also an art.
After all, dance is, first of all, an expression of music, a desire for beauty and harmony. The main connoisseurs of dance art - the audience - enjoy not the complexity of the dancers' elements, but the beautiful spectacle, music, and images created. The viewer's gaze clings to artistry and beauty, plasticity and emotionality.
This means that modern ballroom dancing is also an art, an airy one, so seemingly light, soaring above the ground and calling upward, an art that is associated with serious physical labor. Dancers are renowned for their excellent physical fitness; The more professional the dancer, the higher his speed, the better his coordination, and the greater his strength. In addition, in order to know and perform a dance technique, it is necessary to have developed muscles in order to be able to demonstrate this technique clearly, with greater amplitude, speed and precise rhythm. If a dancer wants to shine and look their best, they need their best body shape to be with them all the time. And dancing skill will increase in proportion to the level of physical fitness of the dancer.
3.4. To exercise or not to exercise?
Conducting a survey of children on the topic “The World of My Hobbies” (Appendix 1), I found that most boys of my age engage in wrestling, less in swimming and football, there are those who engage in music and painting, but only girls do dancing. The survey showed that boys are closer to sports (Appendix 2). But why? Why do boys, when they hear about dancing, roll their eyes and immediately say “no”!? Is this really embarrassing? It’s a shame to have good posture, good health, and in the end, is it a shame to be able to communicate with girls? I think this is explained by the fact that few people are familiar with the sport of ballroom dancing.
Sports ballroom dancing is a set of dances that includes two programs: European and Latin American. The European program includes: slow waltz, quickstep, tango, Viennese waltz, slow foxtrot; The Latin American program includes dances: cha-cha-cha, jive, rumba, samba and paso doble. Because Since ballroom dancing is a specific sport, dances are learned gradually, and each dance consists of a certain set of figures, the complexity of which also increases over time.
It is clear that to become a good dancer you need to work hard. I have been training for several years and now I dance in class E, in the Children1 category.
During training, emphasis is placed on two aspects:
dance technique - a set of figures and technical elements, as well as their high-quality execution.
musicality of performance - starting from “getting” into the rhythm of the dance and ending with the feeling of music, giving it certain meaning and moods.
Another inseparable part of a good dance is facial expressions, gestures and the nature of the execution of figures, which give the dance an emotional manifestation.
I still have a lot to learn, there is still something to strive for, but the first skills acquired in this section will not help even that much capable person In the future, it’s good to dance at discos, control your body, have an idea of grace, a sense of rhythm, tact.
Conclusion
There is an active development of dance sports all over the world. Perhaps the growing popularity of ballroom dancing is determined by the fact high level physical perfection along with the vivid emotions that professional dancers demonstrate in their competitions. The impression of sports dancing intensifies beautiful music, amazing costumes, without which not a single sports and dance tournament is unthinkable.
During my work, I found out that modern ballroom dancing is amazing harmonious combination art and sport, which has the most beneficial effect on a person:
enriches with knowledge about sports and sports recreation;
instills composure and self-confidence;
improves physique;
creates slimness and fit;
trains muscles;
strengthens the cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
In addition, it reveals creative potential, develops a sense of rhythm, helps to control the body, use it to convey feelings and emotions, and also keep them under control.
There are many advantages, which means:
I was dancing
I do dancing
I'll be dancing!
List of used literature and Internet resources
Kasatkina L.V. Dance is life. St. Petersburg, 2006
Krasnov S.V. Dance Sport. Moscow, 1999
Mishchenko V.A. Sports ballroom dancing for beginners. Moscow, 2007
Neminushiy G.P. Dukalskaya A.V. Ballroom dancing. History and development prospects. Rostov-on-Don, 2001
Popov V., Suslov F., Livado E. Body plastics. Moscow, “Physical Education and Sports”, 1997
Number of respondents: 66 people
Age of respondents: 9-11 years
| World of Hobbies | Total | Boys | ||
| Swimming | ||||
| Folklore | ||||
| Gymnastics | ||||
Note: there are guys who participate in two or more clubs.
Hearing the phrase “ballroom dancing”, many people imagine luxury dresses, exquisite men's tailcoats and quiet classical music. This is because the word “ball” is associated with solemn royal events and activities that we read about in children's fairy tales.
In fact, “ballroom” began to be called secular, non-professional, pair dances that arose in the Middle Ages in Europe. Throughout their history they have undergone significant changes, and each era put into them its own characteristics and specific features.
In the 20th century, ballroom dances consisted of European dances, which included elements of Latin American and African culture. In fact, most of modern ballroom trends have real African “roots”, which were “polished” by European masters and dance schools.
Division of ballroom dancing and new items that have become popular
In the twenties of the 19th century, a special Council arose under the English Imperial Society, which was supposed to deal specifically with ballroom dancing. The goal of the specialists was to standardize all areas available at that time, such as:- foxtrot (fast and slow);
- waltz;
- tango.
Nowadays, thousands of large and small classical dance competitions are held annually. In most cases, they are divided into three programs - Latin American, European, and “ten”.
Everything you need to know about ballroom dancing
The first feature of ballroom dancing is that they are all pairs, and represent a kind of “communication” between a lady and a gentleman. Moreover, partners must strictly observe all permissible points of contact in order to truly merge in an excellent, beautiful, enchanting dance. Techniques developed over the years have been brought to perfect balance so that the dance is not just movements to music, but a collection of harmonious steps that create the perfect ensemble.If we talk about contacts, Latin American dances are characterized by greater freedom of movement, and partners touch only with their hands most of the time. At some points, contact is lost completely, and sometimes it intensifies during the execution of special figures.
IN modern world The popularity of ballroom dancing has decreased significantly, due to the fact that its performance requires special skills and grueling training to constantly maintain shape.
In the sixties of the 20th century, a twist appeared, the popularity of which became the “beginning of the end” for paired dance styles. Tango, waltz, foxtrot have practically sunk into oblivion and ceased to serve as a way of entertainment for the broad masses of people.
Without a doubt, it is wrong to talk about ballroom dancing as one direction - each of them has its own characteristics that deserve special attention. But undoubtedly, the most harmonious and vibrant are two dances - tango and foxtrot. In one period of time, they managed to cover several continents at once, and to this day they remain popular and favorite destinations for millions of people around the world.
Tango
This style appeared in the African communities living in Buenos Aires and was based on the ancient dance moves, invented by the inhabitants of the hottest continent.
It was “brought” to Europe by touring orchestras and dancers, and for the first time it was performed in the capital of France - Paris, and only after that “went” to Berlin, London and other cities.
In 1913, the dance became popular in Finland, the USA and many other countries.
During the period of the “Great Depression” there was a real “golden age” of tango - at this time many ensembles were created, which included ordinary people who eventually became real stars.
In the year 83 of the 20th century, the Forever Tango show was created in New York, after which people around the world began to take classes in order to master this beautiful, rhythmic and passionate direction.
Foxtrot
There is a misconception that this dance owes its name to English word“foxtrot”, which translated means “fox gait”, however, in fact, the name comes from the name of the man who became the founder of the style - Harry Fox.
Introduced in the United States in 1912, the foxtrot immediately after World War I won the hearts of Europeans.
A special feature of this dance was the “weightlessness” of the steps, which gave all movements a special lightness and airiness. Perhaps, no other “ballroom” direction can boast that partners, in the process, become literally one whole, merging into an ideal organism.
Classification of ballroom dances
All ballroom sports dances are divided into two main programs - Latin American and European. Each of the directions has certain norms, rules and pace that must be followed.Latin American includes such styles as:
- cha-cha-cha (from 30 to 32 beats per minute);
- jive (42 to 44 beats per minute);
- paso doble (60 to 62 beats per minute);
- rumba (from 25 to 27 beats per minute);
- samba (from 50 to 52 beats per minute).
- tango (from 31 to 33 beats per minute);
- slow waltz (from 28 to 30 beats per minute);
- quickstep (from 50 to 52 beats per minute);
- slow foxtrot (from 28 to 30 beats per minute);
- Viennese waltz (from 58 to 60 bars per minute).
Ballroom dance must be performed in pairs. Such dances today are usually called standardized sports dances performed on dance competitions and special events. Today in the world of dance there are two main classifications, together consisting of ten dance styles: European and Latin American programs. Read more about dancing below.
History of ballroom dance
The origin of the concept of “ballroom dance” comes from the Latin word “ballare”, meaning “to dance”. In past times, such dances were secular and intended only for high-ranking people, while folk dances remained for the poor. Since then, such a class division in dance, of course, no longer exists, and many ballroom dances are actually ennobled folk dances. In particular, modern ballroom dancing has been greatly influenced by the culture of African and Latin American peoples.
What is called ballroom dance depends on the era. At balls in different time were introduced various dances, such as polonaise, mazurka, minuet, polka, quadrille and others, which are now considered historical.
In the 1920s, the Ballroom Dancing Council was founded in Great Britain. Thanks to his activities, ballroom dance then acquired a competition format and began to be divided into two groups - sports and so-called social dances. The program included: waltz, tango, as well as slow and fast types of foxtrot.
During the period of the 30s - 50s, the number of dances increased: the program included such paired Latin American dances as rumba, samba, cha-cha-cha, paso doble and jive. However, in the 60s, ballroom dancing ceased to be an ordinary entertainment, since it required certain technical training from the dancers, and was supplanted by a new dance called the twist, which did not need to be danced in pairs.
European program dances
The program of European dances, or Standard, includes: slow waltz, tango, foxtrot, quickstep and Viennese waltz.
Slow waltz
IN XVII century The waltz was a folk dance in Austrian and Bavarian villages, and only at the beginning of the 19th century was it introduced at balls in England. It was considered vulgar back then because it was the first ballroom dance where a dancer could hold his partner so close to him. Since then the waltz has taken many different forms, but each of them is united by unique elegance and romantic mood.
The peculiarity of the waltz is time signature three-quarter time and slow tempo (up to thirty beats per minute). You can master its basic figures at home on your own.
Tango is a ballroom dance originating in Argentina. late XIX century. At first, tango was part of the Latin American dance program, but then it was transferred to the standard European program.
Perhaps, having seen tango at least once, subsequently everyone will be able to recognize this dance - this assertive, passionate manner cannot be confused with anything. A feature of tango is a sweeping step over the entire foot, which distinguishes it from the classic “flow” from heel to toe.
Slow foxtrot
The Foxtrot is a relatively simple ballroom dance that gives beginners an excellent foundation for further development. Foxtrot can be danced at a slow, medium or fast tempo, which allows even beginners without special skills to move gracefully across the floor. The dance is quite easy to learn from scratch.
main feature Foxtrot is an alternation of fast and slow rhythms, but always smooth and light steps, which should give the impression that the dancers are fluttering over the hall.
Quickstep
Quickstep appeared in the 20s of the XX century as a combination of foxtrot and Charleston. Musical groups At that time they played music that was too fast for foxtrot movements, so they were modified into quickstep. Since then, as it has evolved, this ballroom dance has become even more dynamic, allowing dancers to show off their technique and athleticism.
Quickstep combines many different elements, such as chassis, progressive turns and steps, and many others.
The Viennese Waltz is one of the oldest ballroom dances, which is performed at a fast tempo that characterizes the first waltzes. The golden age of the Viennese waltz in Europe was early XIX century, when he still lived and worked famous composer Johann Strauss. The popularity of this waltz rose and fell, but it never went out of fashion.
The size of the Viennese waltz is the same as that of the slow one, it is three quarters, and the number of beats per second is twice as large - sixty.
Latin dances
The Latin American dance program is usually represented by the following sports ballroom dances: cha-cha-cha, samba, rumba, jive and paso doble.
Samba
This ballroom dance is considered national dance Brazil. The world began to discover samba in 1905, but this ballroom dance became a sensation in the United States only in the 40s thanks to the singer and movie star Carmen Miranda. Samba has many varieties, for example, samba, which is danced on Brazilian carnivals, and a ballroom dance with the same name are not the same thing.
Samba combines many of the movements that distinguish other Latin American ballroom dances: there are circular movements of the hips, “springy” legs, and measured rotations. However, it is not very popular to study: fast pace performance and the need for physical training often demotivate beginning dancers.
The name of this dance is a reference to the sounds that dancers make with their feet while dancing to the maracas rhythm. The dance evolved from rumba and mambo dance. Mambo was widespread in the USA, but under its fast music It was very difficult to dance, so the Cuban composer Enrique Jorin made the music slower - and the cha-cha-cha dance was born.
A special feature of the cha-cha-cha is the so-called triple step on two counts. This feature made the cha-cha-cha a separate dance, distinguishing it from mambo, although other movements are quite similar to this style. The cha-cha-cha is also characterized by minimal movement around the hall; basically, this ballroom dance is performed almost in one place.
Rumba has quite rich history- it arose simultaneously and how musical genre, and as a dance style whose roots go back to Africa. Rumba is a very rhythmic and complex dance that has given rise to many other dance styles, including salsa.
Previously, this Latin American dance was considered too vulgar due to its relaxed movements. It is still called the dance of love. The mood of the dance can change during its performance - from measured to aggressive. The performance style is reminiscent of mambo and cha-cha-cha styles. The main measures of rumba are QQS or SQQ (from English S - “slow” - “slow” and Q - “quick” - “fast”).
"Paso doble" means "two steps" in Spanish, which defines its marching nature. It is a powerful and rhythmic dance characterized by a straight back, eyebrow gaze and dramatic poses. Among many others Latin American dances The Paso Doble is notable for the fact that you will not find African roots in its origin.
This Spanish folk dance was inspired by bullfighting: the man invariably portrays the matador tamer, and the woman plays the role of his cape or bull. However, when performing a paso doble at dance competitions, the partner never portrays a bull - only a cape. Due to its stylization and large quantity According to the rules, this ballroom dance is practically not performed outside of dance competitions.
Jive
Jive originated in African American clubs in the early 40s. The word "jive" itself means "misleading chatter" - a popular slang word among African Americans of the time. US military personnel brought the dance to England during World War II. There, jive was adapted to British pop music and took the form it has today.
A characteristic feature of jive is the fast pace of the dance, thanks to which the movements come out springy. Another feature of jive is straight legs. This sporty ballroom dance can be danced on either a six-beat count or an eight-beat count.