The role of the younger generation in the modern world. Youth in the modern world
YOUTH is a socio-demographic group identified on the basis of age parameters, social status and socio-psychological qualities.
One of the first definitions of the term "youth" was given in 1968 by V.T. Lisovsky:
"Youth is a generation of people passing through the stage of socialization, assimilating, and at a more mature age already assimilating, educational, professional, cultural and other social functions; depending on specific historical conditions, the age criteria for youth can range from 16 to 30 years."
Later, a more complete definition was given by I.S. Konom:
"Youth is a socio-demographic group identified on the basis of a combination of age characteristics, characteristics of social status and socio-psychological properties due to both. Youth as a certain phase, stage of the life cycle is biologically universal, but its specific age limits, the associated social status and socio-psychological characteristics are of a socio-historical nature and depend on the social system, culture and the laws of socialization characteristic of a given society.
In developmental psychology, youth is characterized as a period of formation of a stable system of values, the formation of self-awareness and the social status of an individual.
The consciousness of a young person has a special susceptibility, the ability to process and assimilate a huge flow of information. During this period, develop: critical thinking, the desire to give their own assessment of various phenomena, the search for argumentation, original thinking. At the same time, at this age, some attitudes and stereotypes characteristic of the previous generation are still preserved. Hence, in the behavior of young people, there is an amazing combination of contradictory qualities and traits: the desire for identification and isolation, conformism and negativism, imitation and denial of generally accepted norms, the desire for communication and withdrawal, detachment from the outside world.
Youth consciousness is determined by a number of objective circumstances.
Firstly, in modern conditions the process of socialization itself has become more complicated and lengthened, and, accordingly, the criteria for its social maturity have become different. They are determined not only by entry into an independent working life, but also by the completion of education, the acquisition of a profession, real political and civil rights, and material independence from parents.
Secondly, the formation of the social maturity of young people occurs under the influence of many relatively independent factors: family, school, work collective, mass media, youth organizations and spontaneous groups.
The boundaries of youth age are mobile. They depend on the socio-economic development of society, the level of well-being and culture achieved, and the living conditions of people. The impact of these factors is really manifested in the life expectancy of people, expanding the boundaries of youth age from 14 to 30 years.
Since ancient times, the formation of society has been accompanied by the process of socialization of new generations. One of the main problems of the socialization of young people is that they either accept the values of their fathers or completely reject them. The second happens more often.
Young people believe that the social values that the "fathers" lived by lose their practical significance in any new historical situation and, therefore, are not inherited by children.
Today, the main task of the survival of the Belarusian society is to solve the problem of maintaining social stability and transferring cultural heritage from one generation to another. This process has never been automatic. He always assumed the active participation in it of all generations.
It must be remembered that it is at a young age that a system of value orientations is formed, the process of self-education, self-creation of the individual and affirmation in society is actively underway.
In today's rapidly changing, dynamically developing world, young people have to decide for themselves what is more valuable - enrichment by any means or the acquisition of high qualifications that help them adapt to new conditions; denial of previous moral norms or flexibility, adaptability to the new reality; unlimited freedom of interpersonal relationships or family.
The value system is the foundation of a person's relationship to the world.
Values are a relatively stable, socially conditioned attitude of a person to the totality of material and spiritual goods, cultural phenomena that serve as a means of satisfying the needs of the individual.
The core values include:
1. Humanity;
2. Good manners;
3. Education;
4. Tolerance;
5. Kindness;
6. Honesty;
7. Diligence;
8. Love;
In the post-Soviet period, young people have acquired a number of new qualities, both positive and negative.
The positives include:
1. The desire for self-organization and self-government;
2. Interest in political events in the country and region;
3. Indifference to the problems of the national language and culture;
4. Participation in organizing your leisure time;
5. Focus on self-education;
Negative qualities such as:
1. Tobacco smoking, drug testing and adolescent alcoholism;
2. Doing nothing;
3. Sexual experimentation;
4. Infantilism and indifference (nihilism);
5. Uncertainty and unpredictability;
There are several important socio-cultural conditions for successful personal socialization:
1. Healthy family microenvironment;
2. Favorable creative atmosphere at school, lyceum, gymnasium;
3. Positive impact of fiction and art;
4. Media influence;
5. Aestheticization of the nearest macro environment (yard, neighborhood, club, sports ground, etc.)
6. Active involvement in social activities;
Social adaptation is a controlled process. It can be managed not only in line with the impact of social institutions on a person in the course of his production, non-production, pre-production, post-production life, but also in line with self-government.
In general, four stages of adaptation of a person in a new social environment are most often distinguished:
1. the initial stage, when an individual or group realizes how they should behave in a new social environment for them, but are not yet ready to recognize and accept the value system of the new environment and strive to adhere to the old value system;
2. the stage of tolerance, when the individual, the group and the new environment show mutual tolerance for each other's value systems and patterns of behavior;
3. accommodation, i.e. recognition and acceptance by the individual of the basic elements of the value system of the new environment while simultaneously recognizing some of the values of the individual, the group of the new social environment;
4. assimilation, i.e. complete coincidence of the value systems of the individual, group and environment;
Complete social adaptation of a person includes physiological, managerial, economic, pedagogical, psychological and professional adaptation.
Specific points of social adaptation technology:
Only a person tends to create special "devices", certain social institutions, norms, traditions, facilitating the process of his adaptation in a given social environment;
Only a person has the ability to consciously prepare the younger generation for the process of adaptation, using all means of education for this;
The process of "acceptance" or "rejection" by individuals of existing social relations depends both on social belonging, worldview, and on the direction of education;
A person consciously acts as a subject of social adaptation, changing his views, attitudes, value orientations under the influence of circumstances;
Social adaptation is the process of active development of the social environment by the personality, in which the personality acts both as an object and as a subject of adaptation, and the social environment is both an adapting and adaptable side.
Successful social adaptation of the individual requires the maximum expenditure of the spiritual energy of the individual.
Youth is the path to the future that a person chooses. The choice of the future, its planning is a characteristic feature of the young age; he would not be so attractive if a person knew in advance what would happen to him tomorrow, in a month, in a year.
General conclusion: "Each subsequent generation of young people is worse than the previous one in terms of the main indicators of social status and development." This is expressed, first of all, in the tendency to reduce the number of young people, which leads to the aging of society and, consequently, a decrease in the role of youth as a social resource in general.
The demographic situation is complicated by a new reality in Belarus - the growth of murders and suicides, including among young people. The reason is the emergence of difficult personal and life situations. According to the data, 10% of graduates of state institutions for orphans commit suicide, not being able to adapt to living conditions.
First, the unresolved socio-economic and everyday problems.
Secondly, in the trend of deterioration in the health of children and adolescents. The rising generation is less healthy physically and mentally than the previous one. On average, in Belarus, only 10% of school graduates can consider themselves absolutely healthy, 45–50% of them have serious morphofunctional deviations.
Recently, there has been a clear increase in the number of diseases among students, such as:
1. mental disorders;
2. peptic ulcer of the gastrointestinal tract;
3. alcohol and drug addiction;
4. venereal diseases;
Some young people, due to an unbalanced diet and reduced physical activity, gain excess weight, spend little time outdoors, and are not involved in sports and recreational activities.
Thirdly, in the tendency to expand the process of desocialization, the marginalization of young people. The number of young people leading an asocial, immoral lifestyle is increasing. For various reasons and to varying degrees, they include: disabled people, alcoholics, vagrants, "professional beggars", persons serving sentences in corrective labor institutions who strive to be socially useful citizens, but due to social conditions cannot become them. There is a lumpenization and criminalization of youth. ¾ of the young people who study consider themselves to be low-income.
Fourthly, in the trend of decreasing opportunities for youth participation in economic development. Statistics show that the share of young people in the unemployed remains high. The labor market is characterized by a significant overflow of labor from the state to the non-state sector of the economy.
Moving to the sphere for positions that do not require professional knowledge, young people risk their future well-being, not ensuring the accumulation of intellectual property - professionalism. Moreover, this area of employment is characterized by a very high degree of criminalization.
Fifthly, in the trend of falling social value of labor, the prestige of a number of professions important for society. Sociological studies of recent years state that in labor motivation, priority is given not to meaningful work, but to work aimed at obtaining material benefits. "Big salary" - this motive turned out to be decisive when choosing a place of work.
Modern youth has such a feature that shows that most of them want to have a good income, while having neither a profession nor a desire to work. This is due to the fact that young people do not have incentives to work.
The problem of criminal influence on young people cannot but disturb the Belarusian public lately. Among criminal offenses every fourth is carried out by young people and teenagers. Among the offenses, mercenary crimes attract attention - theft, extortion of money, fraud. When analyzing statistical data, the volume of acquisitive crimes in the present period is growing rapidly. It depends on the fact that there is a differentiation among young people and most of the young people, parents cannot give what they would like, taking into account requests. And they themselves cannot receive this due to the fact that they do not have a specialty or work skills. Young people do not want to get an education just because they have no prospects after they get an education. Nowadays, more and more young people are using drugs. Maybe this comes from the hopelessness of realizing their capabilities or from the fact that, due to a lack of understanding of the seriousness, they were involved in this by people interested in drug trafficking.
Each era has shaped and is shaping its attitude towards youth and its role in the life of society.
One of the main characteristics of the development of world civilization as a whole at the turn of the second and third millennia is the increasing role of Man in all spheres of life. This is expressed primarily in the fact that the accumulation of social wealth today already takes place not only in capital, but primarily in man. Such is the imperative of the scientific and technological revolution and the modern economy, which emerged as early as the beginning of the 20th century. Not land, not machines and equipment, but a person - a worker - this is the main capital, resource and, therefore, the main field of modern investment. Not a computer, a laser, not technology and economics, but a person who creates computers and lasers, the entire economy and technology - this is the true engine of progress of our era. A society that invests in young people (in their education, upbringing, way of life, culture, health, etc.) invests its own progress.
But at the turn of the new millennium, the question of the meaning of Progress itself again sharply arises in the cardinally changed and rapidly changing conditions of human life on Earth.
In the face of global challenges of our time, such as the difficult-to-control population growth in the world, the growing gap between North and South, between rich and poor countries, as well as different categories of the population in most countries, as a permanent deterioration in the environmental health of the planet, and hence its residents, the demand for the search for alternative ways of development sounds more and more insistent. This is evidenced by numerous UN international forums, including the decisions of the International Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro in 1992.
Ultimately, it is about ensuring that present and future generations live in a safer, more just and more humane world.
Of all population groups, this is perhaps the most interested in youth planning and building their future.
The point, therefore, is to combine the wisdom of the older generations, who have accumulated both positive and negative experience of the current progress, with the energy and purposefulness of young people, who quite naturally need new development concepts that they can believe in, and therefore participate in their implementation.
To do this, the world community must rethink how to rediscover youth as a subject of history, as the main factor of change, as a social value of a special kind. Without a fundamental rethinking of the role of youth in social processes, the world community will not be able to ensure survival in decent human conditions.
A modern concept of youth that meets the needs of the 21st century is needed, which, in turn, cannot be created without a new philosophy of age. It is paradoxical, but true: although in a transformed form, we still use the philosophy of age, which was developed by Plato, Virgil, Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Solon. Our time knows some well-known compilers of "tables of life", but not the philosophy of age. Meanwhile, society and the pace of its development have changed so dramatically that ideas about ages must again become the subject of philosophizing, the subject of the theory of life - individual or social. If the connection of age categories (children, youth, adults, old people) with life processes is already obvious, then the role that each of the groups should play in social processes Today while maintaining the main position for the "mature person", is not as clear as it seems.
How can old people remain, as in ancient Rome, only the object of rather formal attention of those in power, who are often forced to reckon with them only as a certain part of the electorate? And how can youth be regarded as a disease, like measles, which everyone must inevitably get sick - and nothing more? Is it possible to dismiss the idea of a strong youth policy as a pesky fly for years? To limit oneself to a naive-romantic view of the youth means to make a mistake, for which not only the younger generations, but the entire society will pay even more dearly.
A certain awareness of this problem has already occurred. International Commission on Humanitarian Affairs of the United Nations drivers of change, along with new states, social movements, modern technology, transnational cooperation, etc. identifies youth as a real and significant force for change. UN documents note that as the number of young people grows, it becomes the most powerful factor in shaping society. It is estimated that by the end of the next century, people under the age of 30 will make up almost 60% of the world's population, and people under 25 will make up about 50%. In any case, youth will have to be considered as a force that will determine the political, economic and social structures of society, and which already acts as a factor in the development of the spiritual culture of modern society. In the field of leisure, mass media (television and radio), artistic life, pop music, cinema, fashion, youth is an important factor in the formation of tastes. Its spiritual values spread all over the world. Her views are increasingly influencing those in power. Young people have a special interest and feel their involvement in solving the problems of socio-economic development, independence, democratization and peace. She demonstrates enthusiasm and ability to strengthen international understanding, participates in the movement for the ecology of the planet. But it is obvious that the role of youth in social development is much lower than it should and can be.
In understanding the future and the development of society, nothing will change for the better as long as it is conceived in isolation not just from a person (abstract), but a living person, a person living at the moment of designing the future; and, above all, a young person who will live in this future and without whom it cannot be created. The future cannot be built without the conscious and active participation of the youth themselves. Problem participation young generations in social development is a question of the pace, nature and quality of human development.
An active part of the youth is already participating in rethinking and reorienting the ways of development of the human community in the conditions of the formation of a global interdependent world. This explains her growing interest in the activities of international organizations of the UN system, including UNESCO.
Adopted by the UN on December 14, 1995, the "World Program of Action for Youth until the Year 2000 and Beyond" is a fundamental document that concentrates world experience, including the quintessence of approaches from different countries of the world to solving urgent problems of youth, in the interests of youth, in the interests of the social development of each of the countries and the entire world community as a whole.
Precisely because this Program is a carefully calibrated balance of all the factors of development of each of the countries individually and the global family, we consider it possible and useful not only to comment on this document, but also to give it in full in the appendix as part of this study guide for young people. It is very useful for anyone who is deeply interested in youth issues to familiarize themselves with this document, have it at hand and refer to it when necessary.
The UN General Assembly approved and included in the "World Program of Action for Youth" 10 priority areas, such as education, employment, hunger and poverty, health, environment, drugs, youth crime, organization of leisure and recreation, full and active participation of youth in society and the decision-making process.
Of course, in each specific country, depending on the level of its socio-economic development, national, ethnic and religious factors, there are priorities in approaches to each of the listed areas. But the value of this enumeration, as well as the characteristics arising from this task, lies in the development guidelines approved by all. Thus, the World Program of Action for Youth contributes to the formation of a universal community, a sense of a global family.
Program for a Culture of Peace launched by UNESCO
UNESCO enjoys great prestige among the youth of Russia, as in other countries. This is due to many reasons. And by the fact that UNESCO promotes international cooperation in the fields of education, science, culture, information and communication, precisely in those areas that are vital for the majority of young people. And the fact that UNESCO, in its activities, puts in the forefront the high ideals of educating a person in the spirit of peace, justice, solidarity, sympathy.
The growth of interest and attention to UNESCO in recent years has been greatly facilitated by the introduction by the Director-General of UNESCO of the concept of the need to replace the culture of war and violence with a culture of peace and dialogue.
This concept is presented by UNESCO Director-General Federico Mayor in his speeches at international congresses, forums and conferences, as well as in his book "The New Page", published in different languages in many countries of the world.
F. Mayor's statement "The Human Right to Peace", published in January 1997, attracted the attention of the world intellectual community. It was the basis for discussion in many international forums on the need to create a new culture of peace.
The Director-General of UNESCO is essentially the initiator of the adoption of the Declaration of the Human Right to Peace, as well as the Universal Declaration of the Human Rights of Future Generations, which is a joint initiative of UNESCO and the Cousteau Foundation.
Evidence of the effectiveness of the concept and Program of the culture of peace of UNESCO is the creation of departments of culture of peace, democracy and tolerance in many universities and universities of different countries. International institutes for a culture of peace and democracy are also being created, as well as UNESCO teachers' associations for a culture of peace, which are developing work to promote the concept and specific actions in support of a culture of peace.
In February 1997, in Moscow, the Director General of UNESCO and the Rector of the Institute of Youth of the Russian Federation signed an Agreement on the establishment of the International Institute "Youth for a Culture of Peace and Democracy". The purpose of the International Institute is to organize and promote the development of an international program of research, education and information in the field of a culture of peace and democracy. An important field of activity of the International Institute is the gradual creation of a national system of continuous education for children, youth, teachers, etc. in the spirit of the ideals of a culture of peace, democracy and respect for human rights, including the development of special curricula.
The International Youth Institute for a Culture of Peace and Democracy will promote and implement the UNESCO Culture of Peace Program and the decisions of the 1997 UNESCO General Conference.
Youth in change
It should be emphasized once again that at the turn of the third millennium, objective possibilities arose to replace the culture of war and violence with a culture of peace and cooperation. And it is perceived with particular enthusiasm by young people.
There has been a radical change in the political picture of the world. The ideological confrontation between East and West, the Cold War are a thing of the past. Fundamentally different ways of solving economic and social problems, closer integration of peoples, nations and states have opened up. New opportunities have appeared for the humanization of human society, solving global problems through dialogue and cooperation. Today's youth is the first generation in modern history, living in conditions not of global confrontation, but of the integration of the world community; a generation (generally speaking) with improved access to knowledge, experience, technology and resources in order to direct the process of social development in a rational, positive way. A global economic organism is being born before our very eyes. Gradually, new communities are formed, based on joint international production. Of particular importance are transnational corporations, which are becoming another form of power. The economy stimulates the search for new rational forms of community life, state organization and distribution of power functions. There is a manifestation of objective tendencies that overcome national egoism, the traditional antipathy of some peoples towards others. In this regard, the ideas of new political thinking, in particular, the ideas of a culture of peace and democracy, are becoming more widespread among the youth, and young people are becoming their active guide in life.
Of paramount importance for young people was the preservation of peace on our planet. The fundamental shifts that have been growing since the mid-1980s, reflected in unprecedented breakthroughs on the path of disarmament, ending the Cold War and establishing partnership and cooperation between countries of the recently opposing blocs, were accompanied by radical changes in the content, forms and methods of participation of youth for peace. The youth played an important role in destroying the “image of the enemy”, which poisoned relations between peoples for a long time, and became an important factor in the spread education for a culture of peace and international cooperation.
The model of youth participation in all spheres of society has changed. In many countries, young people support the ongoing changes, social reforms.
Changes in the former socialist countries have radically changed the face of the youth movement in them. The traditional mass and monolithic youth structures, which until recently seemed to exercise a total ideological and political influence on the younger generation, quickly lost their appeal and left the political scene. They were replaced by many new youth movements, associations and organizations covering a wide range of political and neo-political interests. The process of their formation will apparently take quite a long time and will develop mainly in parallel with party differentiation. At the same time, the trend of active participation of young people in the political life of society was opposed by the opposite line. A significant part of young people are alienated from the process of participation in all spheres of life, which makes it difficult for them to integrate into society. Failures in social adaptation and alienation of young people from society and the state are manifested in youth crime, drug addiction, alcoholism, homelessness, prostitution, the scale of which has become unprecedented.
The development of mass media has opened up new opportunities for interpenetration and development of national youth structures. Further improvement of information technologies in modern society has a serious impact on the living conditions, work, education of young people at the national, regional and global levels. There is a trend of increasing pluralism in the culture, lifestyle, interests and social values of young people. Young people demonstrate exceptional abilities in mastering new knowledge, techniques and technologies, enthusiastically engaged in intellectual work, scientific and artistic creativity. In the future, due to the marked increase in the number of young people in the population in developing countries, the influence of youth in many aspects of public life will increase. Therefore, youth can become one of the driving forces for the spread of a culture of peace.
By virtue of their social position, the younger generation is more than ever interested in replacing the culture of war and violence with a culture of peace, in eliminating the image of the enemy, in establishing the principles of tolerance and good neighborliness.
Thus, in general, the situation of young people is still one of the most acute problems of our time. In varying degrees, young people experienced a number of crises during the period under review: a crisis of self-realization; crisis of adaptation and socialization; a crisis of confidence in relation to official management structures; crisis of individualization; environmental crisis.
Youth in many countries remains one of the least influential and most socially disadvantaged groups in society. With the exception of a relatively small number of children from privileged families, young people do not have economic resources and are in direct material dependence on their parents. Largely as a result of this, many young people, especially adolescents, become victims of rough treatment by adults.
Despite the fact that in the last five years in many countries there has been a significant increase in youth legislation, including in the sphere of labor, the weaknesses of this legislation and social policy in most countries, especially in the Third World, are obvious. Children and youth are forced out of controlled sectors of the economy, forcing them to work in unregistered enterprises in uncontrolled sectors, where working conditions are much worse and more dangerous, working hours are longer, and wages are lower. Massive youth unemployment is a growing threat in most developing countries and countries in transition.
Young people are the most vulnerable group in the face of complex problems generated by rapid and uncontrolled urbanization. Despite the fact that young people make up more than half of the urban population, which is significantly replenished by migrants from rural areas, the needs of young people, especially in the Third World, are usually not taken into account in the preparation of urban development plans. The city, which for a long time was considered a synonym for civilization, becomes for a significant part of young people a place of moral decay and decline, loss of health.
An alarming fact is the economic and sexual exploitation a large part of the youth. Due to certain traditions in some countries, girls who are forcibly given in marriage, forced to earn money by prostitution, are a particularly vulnerable group. Young people have become victims of the spread of drugs and alcohol, the propaganda of the cult of violence in the media. Youth crime is not only a consequence of poverty and poverty, but also a form of youth protest, its undeclared spontaneous war with society.
Crime and drug addiction among young people and adolescents are increasingly growing into a major social problem, in particular, it affects the security of society itself.
Youth is a kind of social battery those transformations that are always gradual (day after day, year after year) and therefore imperceptibly to the general eye occur in the depths of social life, sometimes eluding even the attention of science. These are critical views and moods regarding the existing reality, new ideas and the energy that is especially needed at the time of fundamental reforms.
Research shows that young people are more committed to the ideals of freedom and democracy than their fathers and mothers. Without the participation of young people in political processes, the victory of democracy is impossible. Change is needed in many areas of life in developed countries that have lost momentum due to excessive conservatism and aging political and economic structures. The modern world is in dire need of a strong attitude towards harmony, tolerance, commonwealth and peace. Young people are especially interested in this attitude, because in the fire of wars, regardless of their causes, nature and scale, young people die first of all. For wars and conflicts turn their lives into an object of fear and unfulfilled hopes. For young people can most easily understand each other, because, unlike their fathers, they are not bound by struggle or confrontation in the past, they are most interested in a better, and therefore, peaceful future. The concept of "youth" is directly related to the concept of "future", and therefore young people are especially concerned about the problems of the state of the environment, natural disasters. It is the youth who should, first of all, take care of environmental problems. It is the youth that should become the bearer of the new environmental ethics. It is the youth who should launch a mass environmental movement in the world. It is the youth who should be the supporters environmental imperative which stands above all other imperatives and concepts of "environmental benefit", "minimum damage", "social cost", "public good", "social risk". The ecological imperative is the steady fulfillment of certain conditions and restrictions that reconcile the needs of mankind with the opportunities that the Earth can provide to it. New generations must learn to subordinate their activities to the system of these restrictions, return to a person a constant feeling of constant anxiety about whether he has given up the eternal in exchange for the momentary, instill a sense and consciousness of an impending global catastrophe.
Youth is the bearer of a huge intellectual potential, special abilities for creativity (increased susceptibility to feelings, perception, imagery of thinking, indefatigable imagination, desire for fantasy, looseness, sharp memory, mind play, etc.). It is known that in youth a person easily acquires knowledge, skills and abilities, is most capable of creative activity, of formulating heuristic hypotheses, and is as efficient as possible. Therefore, the progress of modern science, especially the natural and technical sciences, is primarily connected with the youth. Youth is open to the perception of knowledge, and in its highest forms, which is the mastery of the most complex methods of intellectual activity in various fields of science and technology. Young people consider the improvement of their general educational level to be an essential condition for social advancement. A valuable quality of young people is their higher educational level compared to older generations. So, in Russia, for example, among young people under 30 there are 20% more people with higher, incomplete higher and secondary specialized education than the average among the population. Moreover, the volume and quality of knowledge and new ideas in society are growing, primarily at the expense of young people. The value of youth in the modern world is also increasing due to the extension of the terms of education and professional training.
Youth is the most mobile part of society, which is due to its active search for its place in life and the lack of strong economic and social ties (no production experience and qualifications, as a rule, no own housing and property, in most cases - responsibility for the family, etc.). Favorable conditions for high mobility are also created by the need for vocational education and the relatively easy acquisition of new professions by young people. High youth mobility has great economic value. Thus, the territorial distribution and redistribution of the labor force from among the youth is more economically profitable than older family workers. The mobility of youth is also of high value due to the need for territorial mobility of the population in the face of limited vacancies in a number of regions.
Youth is the most physically the healthy part of the population is the lifeblood of society, a clot energy, unspent intellectual and requiring the release of physical forces, due to which the life of society can be revived and rejuvenated. Many prestigious types of human activity have significant age restrictions (great sports, ballet, aviation, etc.) and are inextricably linked in our minds with youth.
Youth is conductor and accelerator introduction into practice of new ideas, initiatives, new forms of life, because by nature it is an opponent of conservatism.
In a word, youth is so attractive to people of all ages because in it human activity achieves significant progress in the social, industrial and personal spheres and, at the same time, is not yet preserved in the forms of habitual consciousness, the inertia of everyday life, but retains a perspective, simplicity and freshness. Because of this, youth is inherently optimistic. The moments of despair and uncertainty among the young, as a rule, are short-lived, because there is still a huge field of life ahead, full of new and new opportunities. The position of "instability", "dependence", "subordination", "inferiority", "debtor" creates a special psychological an atmosphere of predisposition to changes in social life, because these changes harbor the hope of changes for the better. The goal of youth is to realize the possibilities of self-development.
A free, developing society must think about how to “absorb” the life-giving properties and forces that young people carry in themselves, and thereby “rejuvenate” at their expense.
General approaches to the development of youth policy
It is important to preserve and strengthen the powerful impetus that was given in 1980 to strengthening international cooperation and integration processes among the youth at the global, regional levels during the International Year of Youth held by the UN. Since then, many countries have begun to implement an active youth policy, have developed and adopted special framework or sectoral laws aimed at improving the situation of young people, protecting their rights and interests. In many developed countries, the quality of state youth policy has increased, and in developing countries, the understanding of the need to form their own national youth policy has increased.
The situation emerging at the end of the 20th century everywhere requires an even more thorough approach to the global construction of youth policy, to the broad participation of states and governments, and above all, of the youth themselves, in solving global problems. The time has come to fill the idea of world cooperation in the field of solving youth problems with concrete content. From the awareness of new realities in relation to the problems of youth, it is necessary to develop a joint strategy for survival and development. Naturally, the complexity and diversity in the development of world regions rule out the possibility of using unified models and their direct transplantation into disparate conditions and tasks facing different countries. But while young people live in a wide variety of social and regional contexts, what they have in common is to a large extent the existence of “common youth problems”. Accordingly, youth policy should have its own specific refraction to each region, country, locality. Therefore, a coordinated and extensive activity is needed, aimed at uniting efforts, cooperation of nations, turning the differences between the parties into an incentive for cooperation, exchange of experience, and mutual enrichment of youth policy.
The process of forming the state youth policy, strategic political goals should be determined by the logic of "new social conditions" for young people, their needs, the needs and interests of society in the normal social development of the younger generation. Accordingly, a fundamental reorientation and expansion is needed today in the very conceptual core of the social philosophy of modern youth policy.
In our opinion, the question of the need to create a holistic concept of youth based on universal and generally accepted juvenologists in the circle of the world community arose. With all the doubts that may arise about the possibility of creating such a concept, the answer can definitely be positive if international organizations, in particular UNESCO, show the will to create it.
In expanded form, the concept of youth is a complex, interdisciplinary and very complex problem, it is the subject of philosophy, psychology, medicine, physiology, jurisprudence, pedagogy, sociology, demography, anthropology. But first of all, we should be interested today in those conclusions that have practical, political, applied significance, that is, they allow not only to better understand the place and role of young people in social processes and the development of society, but also to build a real policy in relation to this category of the population.
In this new philosophy of contemporary youth policy, the program for a culture of peace will have an important place.
It should be borne in mind not only the need to assimilate the general principles and ideals of peace, not only the denial of war, conflicts and violence, but also the readiness of young people to take practical actions to spread the culture of peace in the widest strata of society, in different regions and countries.
A generation of young people has formed in Russia, which is very different from its predecessors. The image of a young careerist, clearly displayed in the Megafon advertisement - "The future depends on you", - remained in the 90s. The generation of the 2000s is indifferent to a career, rejects mass culture and unbridled consumerism. For part of today's youth, the slogan "The future does not depend on you" is more relevant.
The word "youth" should be written with two letters "g". The Internet LiveJournal (LJ) has become a habitat for thousands of young people. They argue about the structure of the world and complain about yesterday's hangover. Revolutions are being prepared there and marriages are being destroyed... Virtual diaries are a real treasure for sociologists. Where else can one find such an array of texts created by a “common man”?!
I decided to use this unique material. I bring to your attention my conclusions. In some ways they can be considered controversial. But at the very least, this study raises questions about what the “LJ generation” is all about. And certainly this method of study is much more productive than endless polls on the topic “What is more important to you - high earnings or spiritual harmony?”.
I myself defined the subject of my research as follows: “I set the task of studying the most advanced part of the youth. But not “golden” and not “bohemian”. Such groups were, are and will be regardless of the blogosphere. They can be called trendsetters, that is, people who broadcast cultural innovations to the wider masses. I proceeded from the fact that it was the blogosphere that became the main channel for the dissemination of trends. In Moscow, St. Petersburg and million-plus cities, trendsetters are somehow connected with the blogosphere.”
trend 1
From careerism to indifference
The generation of the 90s worked extremely hard. Plans for building a career were hatched at a very young age - they thought about this already in the tenth grade, and even more so in the first year of the institute. Any job was evaluated, first of all, in terms of its prospects for a future career, and the transition from one job to another - in terms of how a new line in the resume will look like.
Of course, there were a lot of exceptions, but the general mood was just that. Many young people were willing to work 20 hours a day. Positions of top managers in leading corporations or a coveted own business loomed ahead.
Today's youth is indifferent to a career. She does not accept a job that is motivated solely by making money and does not provide an opportunity for self-expression, does not want to work in an office, on a clear schedule, and is generally not ready to devote most of her time to work.
“People who are concerned about money are mostly older generations who have lived through poverty. I like people who earn themselves within the reach. There is money - good, no money - bad, we will try to earn. I am one of them"
Young people of the 90s dreamed of becoming bankers, lawyers, commercial and financial directors. The professional ideal of the youth of the 2000s is a journalist, designer, programmer, PR manager. Freelancing has become a bright sign of the times.
Starting your own business is perhaps the only thing that today's young people want as much as their peers 10 years ago. However, if the youth of the 90s tried in every possible way to develop their own business in order to turn it into a large enterprise in the future and enter the business elite, then today's young people do not want to spend time and energy on this. They are quite satisfied with a small business, which gives them financial independence and the opportunity to do what they love on a free schedule.
The youth of the 90s took on any business - from diaper sales to private cabs. Modern young people are not ready to drastically change their lifestyle and social circle, even if it promises considerable profit. As a rule, they create their own small enterprises in areas that are familiar to them, and where they do not have to spend time establishing relevant connections.
“I devote my free time to the same thing that I devote my working time to, only these are no longer custom projects, but for the soul, so to speak. That is, when it appears, the time, that is, I either photograph, or process the already photographed, or draw, since the easel is always at hand, or I go to draw plasters in the studio, or I read, or I glue something ...; It is extremely difficult for me to sit still for a long time ... "
The main reason that the "career" option began to lose its appeal for young people was the awareness of the "limits of growth." In the 90s, the skies seemed open. Ten years later, most young people are well aware that there is a well-defined "ceiling", above which it is almost impossible to rise. The "social lift" that provided rapid vertical movement in the 90s stopped in the 2000s.
Economic stabilization also contributed to the decrease in the attractiveness of the "career" option. Modern young people are not afraid to be left without a livelihood. They understand that they can always find some work. The generation of the 90s faced an alternative: work or living and poverty. The generation of the 2000s is characterized by a different alternative: exhausting and exhausting work to build a career, or calm, “easy” creative work for pleasure.
The devaluation of the value of a career in the minds of young people is indirectly related to the growth of the value of freedom. For the youth of the 90s, freedom also had a certain value, but it was interpreted very narrowly - as an opportunity not to depend financially on anyone, to buy various goods and services, etc.
The youth of the 2000s understand freedom as independence from any circumstances and as spontaneity - the ability to change work, place of residence, lifestyle. For today's young people, freedom is one of the key values, and a free lifestyle is the exact opposite of "corporate slavery."
trend 2
Escape from popular culture
On the one hand, modern young people are children of mass culture, and they are well aware of this. On the other hand, they do their best to distance themselves from this culture.
Modern young people are clearly aware of their cultural "advancement", this is a matter of their pride. From their point of view, all other "average" inhabitants are distinguished by a low level of education and culture, a lack of interests and hobbies, with the exception of primitive consumerism. Their attitude is rather arrogant.
For the youth of the 90s, the object of constant irony was the so-called scoop, that is, a very limited, conservative, unenterprising person. For young people of the 2000s, the objects of ridicule are "gopniks", "glamorous kitties" (girls whose meaning of life is entertainment and consumption) and "office plankton" (managers of all stripes who spend most of their lives in the office, doing routine and uninteresting work) .
The negative attitude towards these three socio-cultural groups is caused not only by the rejection of their way of life and values, but also by their absolute stereotypedness, the absence of any kind of individuality.
Television (especially humorous programs, serials and reality shows) is considered an example of "dullness", mass character and stereotypedness. The vast majority of modern young people watch TV quite rarely, and even then solely for the purpose of laughing at the "stars" of the air.
"Modern culture. Well, firstly, the culture of conformism and the absorption of the individual by the masses. Availability of music, art, etc. makes it not the property of a few, but the lot of many. From there comes the devastation of art."
The genre of parody of TV programs and their characters is extremely popular among young people. For example, one of the largest blogging communities is the foto_zaba community, whose members use the Photoshop graphics editor to remake pictures from popular TV shows and movies. Yevgeny Petrosyan, Ksenia Sobchak and Vladimir Putin enjoy special “love” of “gills”.
Another topic for mockery is also advertising. Logos, commercials, slogans are being redesigned. An example of such a transformation was the new corporate identity of MTS. The number of alterations, parodies and jokes on the topic of "red eggs" exceeded a thousand.
Parodies of mass culture are sometimes extremely cynical, but this is a reaction to the falsity of mass culture itself. A certain vague feeling is formed in the youth environment, which can be called a longing for romanticism and true values.
Being often ostentatiously cynical, young people try their best to avoid insincerity in relationships with relatives and friends. Hence the extremely negative attitude to the "secular" style of communication a la "Dom-2", as well as to advertising, which with sublime words covers up the banal desire to sell a product or service.
“Now in our world, unfortunately, there is a lot of insincerity, and very often people hide some selfish goals and interests behind the concept of “friendship”. Plus, it seems to me that people are so preoccupied with their problems, of which everyone has a great many, that sometimes there is no time to just ask a friend how he is doing.
Another evidence of the "longing for romance" is the mythological image of the Soviet past, which has been formed among today's young people. The USSR appears in an idealized form as a society where there were no national conflicts, terrorism and drug addiction, where feelings were sincere, and people were naive and disinterested.
“If you were a kid in the 60s, 70s or 80s, looking back, it's hard to believe we made it to this day… Our cribs were painted with bright, high lead paints. There were no secret lids on medicine bottles, doors were often not locked, and cupboards were never locked. We drank water from a pump on the corner, not from plastic bottles. No one could have thought of riding a bike with a helmet on. Horror"
The theme of the pre-perestroika period is also closely related to the search for one's own identity, since the answer to the question "who am I?" excites modern bloggers quite strongly.
Trend 3
Politics without politics
The attitude towards politics also reflects the desire to distance oneself from the “mass character”. Young people simply ignore any form of political activity. They do not participate in the elections because, in their opinion, the result of the elections does not in any way depend on their participation.
“I am only concerned about those world problems that are directly related to me, but in general, the expression “even a flood after us” is quite practical”
Any form of political activity - both right and left - becomes the object of satire no less acute than in the case of television and pop music. For example, the pro-government youth association Nashi is ridiculed for sticking to pompous slogans.
Left-wing political activists of the national-Bolshevik persuasion cause a little more sympathy. Readiness for self-sacrifice, real, and not ostentatious suffering of the National Bolsheviks for the idea cause respect among young people. As a rule, people do not mock the "leftists", but their convictions are not shared. After all, left-wing activists are also in the thrall of mass culture. Nationalist movements are rather sharply rejected. The vast majority of members of the blogging community are internationalists. Their ideal is "citizens of the world", children of different national cultures who move freely around the world and communicate with each other. Nationalists, and especially their aggressive wing, are associated with savagery and barbarism.
Some bloggers attend various political events, but go there mainly to “get fun”, in other words, to have fun, and not at all to defend their point of view.
Young people prefer to observe political life, to release caustic criticisms, but at the same time not to interfere in anything. Unlike the traditional Russian and Soviet intelligentsia, who watched political life with a sense of tragedy, today's youth joke and have fun. Absurdist flash mobs became an expression of such an easy attitude.
A flashmob is a collective action that, as a rule, is ridiculous, from the point of view of most citizens, in nature. For example, several tens or hundreds of young people may gather and begin to squat or repeat the same word at the same time.
Once in Novosibirsk, on May 1, representatives of various political parties gathered on the main square of the city to hold rallies. About a hundred flashmobers also came there. Young people began to lead a huge round dance around the protesters, holding posters like “No colonization of Mars”, “No exploitation of the theme of Siberian savagery in modern art”, etc. Some of the posters were written in ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs.
Neither the protesters nor the police knew what to do. The organizers of the May Day demonstration could not understand in any way - what is it? If the movement is, what are its goals? If the protest is against whom and what?
In fact, the flash mobs had no specific goals. In general, this is typical for the entire young generation of the 2000s - the lack of long-term goals and a "research" approach to one's own destiny ("life itself will tell you what goals to strive for"). Nevertheless, in addition to just the desire to shock the public, there is a certain, albeit not always conscious, protest in flash mobs. This is a protest against stereotypes, "correctness", clogging of political and public life. But the protest is precisely in that inactive ironic form, which is extremely characteristic of "fugitives" from the society of mass culture.
Trend 4
Traveler but not a tourist
Entertainment and leisure also demonstrate the ardent desire of young people to stand out, "not to be like everyone else." For example, a special kind of travel is becoming more and more popular among young people.
These are long trips, often with stops for several months at a place you like. Travelers of this type strive to live the same way as the local population lives: eat the same food, dress in the same clothes, speak the same language, and in general - not look like local tourists in the eyes. They find some kind of job (or remotely, via the Internet, continue to do what they did in Russia, for example, computer design), rent an apartment or room, make local friends.
In recent years, a "movement to the south" has begun - to India, Thailand, Vietnam. Since life in these countries is extremely cheap, it is not difficult for young people from Moscow or St. Petersburg to save up an amount for which they then live in the tropics for a year, enjoying a warm climate and a carefree existence. Such Russian travelers appeared in America, and in Africa, and even in Australia and New Zealand.
“We belong to the latest generation of travelers. The world is rapidly becoming the same; asphalt, democracy and dollars are rapidly spreading over the entire surface of the planet"
The hobbies of today's young people are varied. The very fact that a person has a hobby is important. If in the 90s it was considered normal when young people had no time for anything other than sleep, then for today's youth this lifestyle is completely unacceptable. It is believed that people who do not have hobbies outside of work live an inferior life. Representatives of the “office plankton”, who, after a hard and stressful day, barely have the strength to crawl to the sofa and, drinking beer, look at TV with empty eyes, evoke sharply negative feelings in the modern young generation.
“I want interesting events. Now I really want to, for example, post-stalker somewhere, climb vertically, go on a water trip.
Modern young people go in for sports (usually extreme ones), look for abandoned places in the "urban jungle", climb onto the roofs of high-rise buildings in search of beautiful views (roofers), jump from one roof to another (parkour), descend into underground utilities ( diggers), participate in the historical reconstruction of various eras and cultures (role players) - the list of hobbies is endless.
The main criteria for choosing a hobby are its non-banality and “non-promoting”. The beginning of the “commercial exploitation” of this or that hobby (advertising, PR campaigns) reduces its attractiveness in the eyes of young people. This happened, for example, with snowboarding and rock climbing. From "advanced" sports, they quickly turned into mass ones and, in the language of the youth, "opposite".
Trend 5
Refusal of prestigious consumption
Modern young people are not characterized by prestigious consumption. The youth of the 90s were obsessed with status. There was a clear imperative that if you were successful, you should dress in Gucci or Armani, drive a Mercedes or BMW, drink Hennessey cognac and smoke Davidoff or Parliament cigarettes.
For the youth of the 2000s, the value of status is no longer absolute. At least today's young people are not ready to buy goods just because in the eyes of others they are prestigious and indicate material wealth. It cannot be said that today's youth does not pay attention to public opinion at all. However, if ten years ago young people sought to demonstrate their financial success, now they emphasize their individuality. The costume of a representative of the 2000s generation can include both expensive brands and very cheap ones, and even non-brand items - the main thing is that the resulting combination should be typical for you.
The arrival of "individual" consumption to replace the "status" has thoroughly mixed the cards for marketers. Ten years ago, young consumers could be more or less clearly structured according to income. Today, we can very often meet young people who buy clothes of the same inexpensive brand, smoke the same elite cigarettes, and at the same time their income differs significantly.
Increased interest in shopping is considered among the youth as a sign of narrowness. There are, however, exceptions. For example, attention is paid to the purchase of a computer and computer equipment. Carefully choose things related to hobbies, such as sports equipment or cameras.
Trend 6
generation of skeptics
The generation of the 2000s can rightfully be called the generation of skeptics. Young people do not believe in advertising, do not trust the media, and are extremely skeptical about various PR campaigns. They are well aware that behind all promotions there is a purely pragmatic desire to sell a product.
"The Battle for the Consumer Mind feels like a game of sorts: companies are trying to win over us and bombard us with ads and PR - OK, we'll watch these attempts with interest"
There is some respect for elegant advertising campaigns that achieve maximum results with a minimum of funds. Massive campaigns with million-dollar budgets are perceived more skeptically. And advertising that tries to openly and primitively deceive the consumer (for example, “bank loans at 0%”) causes a sharp rejection. Moreover, an “expert” attitude to advertising is typical not only for professionals, but also for those young people who have nothing to do with advertising and PR.
And yet, despite the ardent desire to distance themselves from mass culture, today's young people in many ways remain "children of the consumer society." They physically cannot do without a dozen or two personal hygiene items, without quality products, without sushi, disposable tableware and a host of other delights of civilization.
What will happen to our generation next? Probably, after 30 years, the vast majority of bloggers will integrate into various professional communities, get married, have children. A high level of education and the presence of various social ties will provide them with a fairly high position in society. However, the majority of inhabitants of LJ space prefer not to think about the future. It's too boring.
Conclusion
“I try not to think about the future; about such a global future… It is somehow more pleasant to live today. For me, the future is today Wednesday, tomorrow Thursday, and this is already the future. I live for today, hour, minute. Therefore, almost everything that is a little further is the future for me, I am not chasing it, that is, I have no desire to “rewind” time forward. Old age is in the future, and I am young, healthy, energetic (as they say, not bad-looking), I am afraid of growing old "
Artist: 5th year student
correspondence F. T. J. 03-21z
Head: Alexandrova N.A.
Sources
1. Pearson T. The system of modern societies. M., 1997.
2. Foght--Babushkin Yu.U. Art in people's lives. SP. 2001.
3. Yadov V.A. Sociological research: methodology, program, methods. M., 1995.
4. Yadov V.A. Strategy of sociological research. Description, explanation, understanding of social reality. M., 1999
- To form an idea of youth as a social group, to determine the social roles of young people. Show how life changes during the period of civil majority, the role of education in obtaining a profession, analyze the difficulties of finding employment for young professionals. Show the role of youth culture in the formation of personality.
- To form the skills of analyzing information on the given questions. Ability to discuss the problem and communicate in groups on a given topic. Interactive learning in solving problematic problems and situations.
- Creation of psychological prerequisites for a responsible attitude to the formation of a personality that is successful in modern life. Based on the technology of cooperation - the formation of communicative competencies, increasing the level of socialization. Creating a situation of success for all students in the group in order to increase cognitive interest in the subject.
Type of lesson: a lesson in obtaining new knowledge.
Lesson form: Lesson-workshop.
Teaching methods: Technology of interactive learning, creation of mini-projects (clusters), technology of cooperation, method of solving problematic problems, heuristic conversation, elements of collective discussion.
Equipment:
- Sources of law - the texts of the Constitution of the Russian Federation, the Labor Code of the Russian Federation.
- Notebooks with lecture material.
- Materials of student essays on the topic “What does it mean to be young”.
- For work in small groups and creating clusters - Whatman sheets, felt-tip pens, colored pencils, magnets for the presentation of works.
- For work in small groups - cases with tasks for each item of the lesson plan.
- Board: topic of the lesson, aphorisms of famous people, portraits of I. Kant, Zh-Zh. Rousseau.
- Photo gallery “I am young”.
- Textbook L.N. Bogolyubov “Social Science”, Grade 11.
- Materials for reflection.
Lesson plan:
- Organizing time. Motivation for success.
- Determination of the goals and objectives of the lesson.
- Result targeting. Activity algorithm. Formation of working groups.
- Learning new material. Independent work in groups
- Implementation of projects, presentation.
- Summing up, evaluation.
- Homework.
- Reflection.
During the classes
| Lesson stages | Teacher activity | Student activities |
| 1. Org. moment. Motivation for success. | Greets, offers to sit down. | Welcome. |
| This poem is about the main value of mankind - about life. And what is the meaning of the poem?
Listens to answers and summarizes. Indeed, life is short. It is made up of small moments. And there is a lot to be done. Today I suggest that you have time to prove yourself, learn a lot and tell a lot, because each of you has your own, personal experience behind you. Good luck and great grades! |
Think, confer, respond. | |
| 2. Determination of the goals and objectives of the lesson. | Offers to open notebooks, write down the date and topic of the lesson.
Asks students to identify lesson objectives. To do this, read the text of the task: |
Open notebooks, write down the number, the topic of the lesson. |
| "The years of youth are the most difficult years," the German philosopher I. Kant wrote back in the 18th century. Why do you think he said that? What worries a modern boy or girl, what questions do young people set for themselves today - we will find answers to these questions together in the lesson. But it is important for us to specifically understand what we want to know. |
They think and express their opinion. | |
| Try to formulate the questions that concern you today.
Task: within 2 minutes, determine the questions that we will discuss. Task to perform interactively: discuss with a neighbor. |
Discuss, voice. | |
Write the main questions on the board.
|
Write down the plan in a notebook. | |
| Youth culture. Every question needs an answer. Today we will seek and find answers to these questions: talk and listen, solve problems and ask each other for advice. |
Listen. They determine the working “twos”, get the material to create a cluster. | |
| 3. Targeting the result. Activity algorithm. Formation of working groups. |
Activity algorithm: At each stage of the lesson, you will receive tasks and complete them. You will work in pairs, but if something causes difficulties, then you can ask any person in the audience with a question. As a result of the activity, you will create your own image of a modern young man. |
They watch, they listen. |
| 4. Learning new material. Independent work in groups. | 1.
A student is called, who in front of a mirror pronounces with different intonations “Oh, how beautiful I am?” |
They make assumptions. |
| Teacher: What do you think Katya wanted to tell us? | Listen. | |
| Teacher: To understand, listen to the parable. Appendix No. 6.3. Of course, in many ways the gods were right. But youth is the time when a person consciously begins to know himself. | Perform tasks, perhaps - begin to fill the cluster. Answer. |
|
| First question: Youth as a social group.
(Annex 1). Discussion. |
Listen, remember the story, answer the question. | |
| 2.
Teacher: You all remember the fairy tale in which there are such lines: Three maidens by the window “Then for the whole baptized world |
||
| ? Who did the king choose? Why? Perhaps the first two sisters did not quite correctly define their social roles? | Answer. Participate in the discussion. |
|
| Second question: Socialization. social roles.
The teacher distributes materials to working groups, students begin to complete assignments (Appendix 2). The time limit is 5 minutes. After the end of the scheduled time, they answer the proposed questions. Discussion. |
Listen. Look at the portrait of I. Kant. Answer. |
|
| 3.
Teacher: Immanuel Kant wrote: “Two things excite and amaze me more than anything in the world: the starry sky above my head and the moral law in a person that makes him free.” Why can you find excuses for your actions to other people, but not to yourself? In the life of a young man, a very important period begins when he turns 18 years old. It is called: civil majority. |
They perform tasks, perhaps they fill the cluster. Answer. |
|
| Third question: civil majority.
The teacher distributes materials to working groups, students begin to complete assignments (Appendix 3). The time limit is 5 minutes. After the end of the scheduled time, they answer the proposed questions. Discussion. |
Participate in the discussion. | |
| 4.
Teacher: The Christian tradition has brought to our days the parable of the ascetic of the 3rd-4th centuries, the founder of monasticism, Anthony the Great. He asked, “Lord! Why do some live a little while others live to a ripe old age? Why are some poor and others rich? The answer was simple: “Anthony! Take care of yourself!” |
Listen. | |
| Teacher: Perhaps you will find the answer to these questions by analyzing materials on the topic: education, training, work. | They perform tasks, perhaps they fill the cluster. Answer. |
|
| The fourth question: education, professional training, labor activity.
(Appendix 4). The time limit is 5 minutes. After the end of the scheduled time, they answer the proposed questions. Discussion. |
Participate in the discussion. | |
| 5.
Teacher: In 1750, the Dijon Academy announced a competition for the best essay on the topic “Did the revival of sciences and arts contribute to the improvement of morals”. The prize was given to an unknown civil servant, Jean-Jacques Rousseau. He wrote: “Children are taught with words, but they must be taught with deeds, deeds: to be tolerant, loving, selfless and happy because your needs do not exceed your capabilities. From birth to 12 years old, he suggested taking care of the development of the body and sense organs, training feelings more, because, as adults, people forget about them and begin to live only by reason, become superficial and bookish. We must learn to see, learn to hear the surrounding nature. From 12 to 15 years old, it is necessary to develop intellect in children, to teach physics, geometry, astronomy, but only on the example of direct natural phenomena. For example, observing the starry sky. From 15 to 20 - develop moral feelings: love for your neighbor, the need to share their suffering, etc. |
Listen. | |
| Since nature is always honest, and there is no corruption in the human heart from birth, the natural upbringing of children is capable, Rousseau believed, of solving all social problems. The freedom and self-activity of the child, respect for his personality and the study of his interests - this, from his point of view, is the basis of real education. | They perform tasks, perhaps they fill the cluster. | |
| Teacher: In the modern world, culture plays an important role in the upbringing of a person. | Answer. Participate in the discussion. |
|
| Fifth question: Youth culture.
The teacher distributes materials to working groups, students begin to complete assignments (Appendix 5). The time limit is 5 minutes. After the end of the scheduled time, they answer the proposed questions. Discussion. |
They start doing the task. They work in groups. | |
| 5. Implementation of projects, presentation | Hang out their clusters, presentation of projects. | |
| 6. Summing up. Evaluation. | Teacher: Now, after we have answered all the questions, your task is to create your own project “The modern image of a young man” in working groups. The time limit is 5-7 minutes. Lecturer: Please show the results. Teacher: Tell us what you learned today, what did you think about? Everyone at the lesson today was not a spectator, all of you took part in it. I suggest with colored tokens: rate yourself, show your mood, express a wish. Attach tokens to your projects. |
They choose tokens, attach them to their projects. |
| 7. Homework. | Write down homework. | |
| 8. Reflection. | Evaluation: “5” – red token; |
Reflection of students. |
| Teacher: Homework: Write an essay on the topic “What does it mean to be young”. Teacher: Do good - - This lesson is over. Thank you for the lesson! |
List of used literature
- Blokhina E.V., Ukolova A.M.
Youth is a large socio-demographic group that unites individuals on the basis of socio-psychological, age, economic characteristics.
Youth in modern society
From a psychological point of view, youth is a period of formation of self-awareness, a stable system of values, as well as social status. Young people represent the most valuable and at the same time the most problematic part of society.
The value of the younger generation lies in the fact that, as a rule, its representatives have an increased sense of purpose, the ability to assimilate large amounts of information, originality and critical thinking.
However, these advantages give rise to certain problems of the implementation and existence of young people in society. So critical thinking is often directed not to the search for truth, but to the categorical rejection of already existing norms and dogmas that guide other members of society.
Today's youth are also characterized by new negative qualities that were absent from their predecessors, in particular, detachment from the outside world, unwillingness to work, increased negativism.
Youth as a social group
Often, the term "youth" means a large social group, which consists of persons from 16 to 25 years old. The boundaries of youth age can be flexible: for example, in developed countries, the youth group includes people aged 14-30 years.
This social group is influenced by such social institutions as school, university, family, labor collective, spontaneous groups and mass media.
Development of social roles in adolescence
In adolescence, each person is faced with the need to change their social role. Often, the first seed of a social role occurs at the moment of graduation: the student acquires the status of a student.
It should be noted that before this time the student already occupies certain social positions (daughter, son, sister, brother). In the future, with their preservation, in adolescence, the status of an employee is acquired.
As statistics show, today many teenagers acquire the status of an employee earlier than the status of a student. This is the reason for the unstable economic situation.
youth subculture
A youth subculture is a part of the culture of a society whose members differ in their behavior from the vast majority, and as a rule are representatives of the youth.
Youth subculture is a broad concept that includes many cultures that have their own value system of behavior. Youth subcultures are formed under the influence of socio-economic changes.