Children show theater in kindergarten. Musical accompaniment of a theatrical performance

DONETSK PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE CITY OF DONETSK

MUNICIPAL PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

"NURSERY-GARDEN No. 303 OF THE CITY OF DONETSK"

Toolkit for the center of theatrical games

DIY fairy tale

Goncharova Inna Anatolyevna, teacher

Donetsk 2016

Introduction

Creative activity and the development of human creative abilities are component socio-economic and spiritual directions of modern social order. The word “creativity” in the social sense means to search for, to depict something that has not been encountered in past experience, individual and social. Creative activity is activity that gives birth to something new; free arts to create a new product that reflects the personal “I”.

Children's creativity is one of the pressing problems of preschool pedagogy and child psychology. It was studied by L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev, JI. I. Wenger, N. A. Vetlugina, B. M. Teplov, O. M. Dyachenko, A. I. Volkov and many others. Also, one of the main principles of State Educational Standards of Education is development creative personality.

Theater activities- this is the most common type children's creativity. It is close and understandable to the child, lies deeply in his nature and is reflected spontaneously, because it is connected with play. The child wants to translate any of his inventions, impressions from the life around him into living images and actions. Entering the character, he plays any role, trying to imitate what he saw and what interested him, and receiving great emotional pleasure.

There are quite a few types of children's theater, and they all help the child:

Form the correct behavior model in modern world;

Promote general culture to introduce the child to spiritual values;

Introduce him to children's literature, music, fine arts, rules of etiquette, rituals, traditions, instill sustainable interest;

Improve the skill of embodying certain experiences in the game, encourage the creation of new images, encourage thinking.

Main part

Theater organization in kindergarten

What types of theaters can be organized in kindergarten? IN pedagogical literature It is proposed to carry out activities with preschoolers such as: table theater; bench; riding; wrist; floor; living puppet theater In turn, each of these types is divided into subspecies. Stand theater A stand theater is a surface on which character figures and decorations are attached. This type includes: Theater on flannelgraph (board covered with fabric). To organize this type of activity you will need an industrial or self-made flannelgraph and character figurines of the chosen work of art, on which it is necessary with reverse side attach Velcro. Thus, as the plot develops, the child is invited to attach the necessary figures to the flannelgraph. Magnetic is essentially the same as the previous type, only a metal board is used, and magnetic strips are attached to the figures instead of Velcro. The basis and, accordingly, the characters of such a theater can be the most different sizes: from a small desktop version to a full-fledged screen for an auditorium or music hall. Shadow theater in kindergartens - the most mysterious and unusual for children to perceive; preschoolers enthusiastically participate in such a game. To organize this type of theater you will need a screen (white fabric stretched vertically), a lantern or table lamp (depending on the size of the screen), and black cardboard figures. Instead of using toy characters, shadows can be created directly with your hand and fingers. This type is called “living shadow theater”.

Tabletop theater The name of this type of theater speaks for itself - play activities are carried out on the table. Its peculiarity is that the scenery and characters must be small in size so that it is possible to place all the necessary attributes of the game on the surface. What kind of tabletop theater is there in kindergarten: Paper (cardboard). Often this ready theater can be found in any children's magazine- you just need to cut out and assemble all the necessary parts and you can start the performance. Magnetic is a metal board with magnets - characters from some fairy tale. Theater from natural material, for example, cones, chestnuts, acorns, etc. It is convenient to place such characters in a box of sand. " Wrist Theater This type includes theatrical activities, which require such attributes as finger puppets or toys - “gloves”. There are the following “wrist” types of theaters in kindergarten: finger theater; glove What is needed to organize such theatrical activities? First of all, you need a screen. Its size depends directly on the size of the characters. In turn, dolls are most often made independently by the teacher. But students can also take an active part in creating characters. For example, you can make finger puppets from cardboard cones, fabric, tennis balls and other materials. “Glove puppets” can be made, for example, from a mitten or sock, sewing the necessary elements (face, hands, clothes, etc.) to the base. It is important to note that finger theater, in addition to other advantages, effectively develops fine motor skills of preschoolers, which, in turn, directly affects the formation of children’s speech

Horse Theater What is horse theater? This term was introduced by Russian puppeteers back in the 16th century. Its peculiarity is that the dolls are taller than the person who controls them. There are the following types: In a cane theater, puppets are used, which, accordingly, are attached to a high cane, and the person who controls the characters is hidden behind a screen. The Bi-ba-bo theater is becoming increasingly popular. In principle, this is the same “glove”, since the dolls are put on the hand. The only difference is that a high screen is used and, thus, the characters are shown to the audience at a level higher than the puppeteer’s height. No less interesting is the theater of spoons in kindergarten. Attributes for this play activity making your own is very easy. For this you will need a wooden spoon. The character’s face is drawn on its convex part, and clothes are put on the handle fairy tale hero. During production children's performance little puppeteers hold spoon characters by the handle.

Floor theater Floor theater uses puppets. Making them yourself is quite difficult, so most often they are purchased in specialized stores. Due to this feature, this type of theatrical activity is rarely carried out in kindergartens. But it is the puppet theater that evokes a storm of emotions and delight in preschoolers. Since children do not yet understand the mechanism of action of such dolls, children imagine that the toys themselves have “come to life”. It is this element of “miracle”, “fairy tale” that contributes to the emergence of positive emotions in preschoolers.

Living Puppet Theater But more often than others, a “live” puppet theater is organized in kindergarten. Such an activity can be carried out as a lesson on the development of speech, the surrounding world, the study foreign language, as well as during leisure time. In addition, a live theater production can be dedicated to a holiday, for example, Maslenitsa or New Year. The following types of described play activities are distinguished: theater of masks; theater of giant puppets. The latter is most often carried out as a leisure activity in a preschool educational institution. The roles of giant dolls are played either by adults or older preschoolers. Younger children can only act as spectators. Then the mask theater is suitable for children of any age. Even the youngest pupils have the opportunity to “reincarnate” into the hero of a fairy tale. The teacher can invite the children to retell a story the kids love in such an unusual way or prepare a full-fledged performance for their parents. Preschoolers can make masks for the upcoming performance on their own under the guidance of a teacher, for example, during classes on artistic and aesthetic development or during leisure activities. In order to organize theatrical activities with preschoolers, you will need various attributes, including masks, dolls, and decorations. Of course, the necessary equipment can be purchased in specialized stores. But by inviting kids to make the necessary equipment for the theatricalization of a fairy tale, it is possible not only to diversify educational process preschoolers, increase motivation to labor activity, but also to implement basic educational and educational purposes. What can you use to make a theater for preschoolers? For most species this creative activity a theater screen is needed. The kindergarten usually has the specified equipment either game room, either in music hall. But if you don’t have a screen of the required size, you can make it yourself. The easiest way to make such an attribute for a theatrical game is to stretch thick fabric over the doorway. Depending on what type of activity is supposed to be carried out, a “window” is either cut out in the material or an indentation is made at the top to accommodate the characters. Screen for finger theater. To organize a finger theater, you will need a small screen. Therefore, you can make the specified attribute from cardboard boxes, at the bottom of which you need to cut a hole. Such a screen then needs to be aesthetically decorated. It is recommended to decorate the box with universal decorations so that you do not have to make a new screen for each fairy tale separately. So, you can design it in the form of a forest clearing and place it as a “house on the edge.” Dolls for the theater in preschool educational institutions from scrap materials Preschoolers really like to make their own from unusual materials character dolls for theatrical games. What can such attributes be made of? A teacher who practices a creative approach to work is able to make figures from the most unexpected materials. For example, a paper theater is the simplest and quick way homemade characters. You can also use wooden ice cream sticks, covering them with felt, foil, or colored self-adhesive film. Materials for making characters puppet theater: cardboard, making two holes for fingers at the bottom; matchboxes; tennis balls; inflatable balloons; disposable tableware: plates, cups, spoons; socks, mittens, gloves; plastic bottles; natural material, etc. Thus, it is possible to organize different types theaters in kindergarten. When planning such activities, it is important for the teacher to take into account the age and individual characteristics of the students and their interests. In addition, it is necessary not only to conduct the theatrical game correctly, but also to methodically correctly think through the preparatory and final stages working with children. The effectiveness depends on these factors pedagogical work with preschoolers in general.

Practical part

Each of us spends our childhood in peace role playing games which help the child master the rules and laws of adults. Each child plays in his own way, but in their games they all copy adults, their favorite heroes, and try to be like them. Children's games can be considered improvised theatrical performances. The child is given the opportunity to play the role of an actor, director, decorator, prop maker, musician. Making props, scenery, and costumes provides an opportunity for children's visual and technical creativity. Children draw, sculpt, sew, and all these activities acquire meaning and purpose as part of a common plan that excites children.

To organize just such creative process a theatrical activity area is used. It is located in a well-lit place next to the music and book corners.

Toys for tabletop theater can be made of paper and cardboard. These flat toys are glued together in two parts and placed on wooden, plastic or cardboard stands. These are toys on a cone, cylinder and disk (our small innovation in the tabletop theater). The image is pasted onto the finished model. If you use flat images, then you get a theater of pictures.

Very interesting finger theater. It can be made from paper, fabric, knitted from

thread The main thing is desire and your imagination.

I can't help but show you mitten theater. It is made of paper in the shape of a triangle, which

allows the toy to be stable.

Children also enjoy playing with dolls made from gloves - washcloths.

Theater on plastic or wooden spoons is very interesting for children. The doll is very easy to make. An image of the character is pasted onto the spoon and voila - you're ready. theater on spoons.

Bibabo dolls You can buy it or make it yourself from stockings.

Must be present in the area of theatrical activity shadow theater: finger and planar. It’s not difficult to make them by cutting out a character figurine from black cardboard.

Caps of heroes from fairy tales or, in other words, a theater of masks should also be present in the theater area. The masks are made of cardboard (for durability) and, if desired, can be laminated.

To make this creative corner even wider, you can include: Theater on magnets, Reed Theater, Costume theater

Didactic material

Didactic game Game "Let's play theater"

Target: Introduce children to the theater. Give an initial idea of how the theater works, who works in the theater, how performances are prepared, the stage, etc. Expand children's horizons, cultivate an interest in new things, a love of theater, and a desire to become an “actor.”

Equipment: the game consists of a stage and backstage, attributes - props for playing out a scene or performance: a chair, a table, a sofa, a model summer garden, decoration of the room, part of the yard. Set of cards with images of people different professions theater and a set of cards depicting the actions of this profession.

Material: The game is made of cardboard and comes with a set of small toys for acting out scenes from the play. Cards made of thick laminated cardboard.

Conclusion

From our experience, we are convinced that children:

1. master the skills of expressive speech and rules of behavior,

2. etiquette of communication with peers and adults;

3. show interest and desire for theatrical art,

4. are able to convey various feelings using facial expressions, gestures, intonation

5. independently perform and convey images fairy tale characters.

Thanks to our common efforts, the lives of our children have become interesting and meaningful, filled with vivid impressions, interesting activities and the joy of creativity. Children use the skills acquired in theatrical activities in Everyday life

Introduction……………………………..3

2.Organization of theater in kindergarten………...4

3. Practical part…………………………16

4.Didactic material……………………22

5. Conclusion…………………………………. 24

6. References…………………………26

Literature

1. Migunova E.V. Theater pedagogy in kindergarten, Sfera shopping center, 2009.

2. Shchetkin A.V. Theatrical activities in kindergarten Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.

3. Dodokina N.D., Evdokimova E.S. Family theater in kindergarten, Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008

4. Gubanova N.F. Play activities in kindergarten Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.

5. Baranova E.V., Savelyeva A.M. From skills to creativity Mosaic - Synthesis, 2009.

6. Gubanova N.F. Development of gaming activities Mosaic - Synthesis, 2008.

1. Tabletop toy theater. This theater uses a wide variety of toys - factory-made and homemade, from natural and any other material. Here the imagination is not limited, the main thing is that the toys and crafts stand steadily on the table and do not interfere with movement.
2. Tabletop picture theater. All pictures - characters and decorations - must be double-sided, since turns are inevitable, and to prevent the figures from falling, supports are needed, which can be very diverse, but must be quite stable. This is ensured by the correct ratio of the weight or support area to the height of the picture. The higher the picture, the larger or weightier the support area is needed.

The actions of toys and pictures in the tabletop theater are limited. But you should not lift them and move them from place to place. It is important to imitate the desired movement: running, jumping, walking and at the same time pronounce the text. The state of the character, his mood is conveyed by the intonation of the presenter - joyful, sad, plaintive.

It is best to hide characters before the game starts. Their appearance during the action creates an element of surprise and arouses the interest of children.

In order to create an idea of the location of the action, use decorative elements: two or three trees are a forest, green cloth or paper on a table is a lawn, a blue ribbon is a stream. Don’t spend a lot of time on such preparations and involve children in them, teach them to fantasize, come up with new original details for the decoration - and then everyone will be interested.

3. Stand-book. The dynamics and sequence of events are easy to depict using successive illustrations. For travel type games it is convenient to use a stand book. Secure it to the bottom of the board. On the top - place the transport on which the trip will take place. As the trip progresses, the presenter (first the teacher, and then the child), turning over the sheets of the book stand, demonstrates various scenes depicting events and meetings that take place along the way. You can also illustrate episodes from the life of a kindergarten if each page depicts a new routine process.
4. Flannelograph. Pictures are also good to show on the screen. They are held in place by the adhesion of the flannel that covers the screen and the back of the picture. Instead of flannel, you can stick pieces of sandpaper or velvet paper on the pictures. Together with the children, select drawings from old books and magazines, and the missing ones can be completed. This gives the guys pleasure. Use natural materials too.

Screens of various shapes allow you to create “living” pictures that are convenient to demonstrate to the whole group of children. All children can work on prism screens in pairs at the same time during classes. The scenes on the screens are different, and children will be able to see the variety of options for depicting the same topic.

This type of game allows you to easily depict crowd scenes, for example, "Air Parade", "Bird Flight", "Launch space rocket" and etc.

5. Shadow theater. What is needed is a screen of translucent paper, expressively cut out black flat characters and a bright light source behind them, thanks to which the characters cast shadows on the screen. Very interesting images are obtained using your fingers. For example, you can make a goose, a hare, a barking dog, an angry turkey, fighting boxers, etc. Just remember to accompany the show with the appropriate sound.

To show a scene with several characters at the same time, install a bar at the bottom of the screen on which you can strengthen the figure. For example, first the grandfather pulls the turnip. Strengthen his figure on the bar and display the headstock, etc. Place the figures close to the screen so that the shadows are clear. Position yourself below or to the side of the screen so that your shadow does not fall on it.

Shadow theater is good to use during leisure hours.

6. Finger Theater. The child puts the attributes on his fingers, but, as in dramatization, he himself acts for the character whose image is on his hand. As the action progresses, the child moves one or all fingers, pronouncing the text, moving his hand behind the screen. You can do without a screen and depict actions by moving freely around the room.

Finger theater is good when you need to show several characters at the same time. For example, in the fairy tale "Turnip" new characters appear one after another. Such a performance can be performed by one child using his fingers. Fairy tales “The Goat and the Seven Little Kids”, “Twelve Months”, “Boy-Ki-Balchish”, “Geese-Swans” and others with many characters can be shown by two or three children who are located behind the screen. The display of such fairy tales with crowd scenes is possible thanks to finger attributes.

7. Bibabo.

In these games, a doll is put on the fingers of the hand. The movements of her head, arms, and torso are carried out using movements of the fingers and hand.

Bibabo dolls usually operate on a screen behind which the driver is hidden. But when the game is familiar or the dolls are driven by the children themselves, i.e. the moment of mystery has disappeared, then the drivers can go out to the audience, communicate with them, give them something, take someone by the hand, involve them in the game, etc. Such “exposure” does not reduce, but rather increases the interest and activity of the children.

When children see an adult playing with bibabo dolls, they will most likely also want to learn how to drive them themselves. If the doll turns out to be too big for a child’s hand, then you can insert two fingers into the head instead of one. Shorten the doll's sleeves so that the children's fingers fit into the sleeves of the hands. You can also make dolls for children's hands. Well-preserved parts from old broken toys and soft animals will be useful for this. Dress them up and make them up for the desired role. Show the children how the doll should move, how to move it across the screen.

8. Improvisation - acting out a theme, plot without preliminary preparation- perhaps the most difficult, but also the most interesting game. All previous types of theater prepare for it. And yet children will be at a loss if you suddenly invite them to act out this or that scene. Prepare them for this - come up with a theme together, discuss how to portray it, what the roles and characteristic episodes will be.

The next step is to let each participant in the game depict the theme in their own way. And an even more difficult task: the child chooses a theme and acts it out himself. Next time the guys will ask each other topics themselves. And finally, with the help of facial expressions, intonation, and attribute, you can make a riddle. The answer is the theme, which is also played out.

KINDS

THEATERS

At preschool educational institution

Finger and mitten theater

These are dolls made of fabric, glued from paper or knitted from wool and thread. The pattern follows the contour of an outstretched finger of an adult or child or the contour of the palm. The doll should fit freely on any finger or hand of the puppeteer. The character's face can be embroidered, glued or sewn on using buttons, beads, threads, ropes, pieces of wool, colored paper, textile. Children play behind a screen or in direct contact. For a finger theater, together with your child, you can draw or glue any character from a fairy tale from colored paper, then stick it on thin cardboard, and sew or glue a wide elastic band on the back side, put it on your finger and play. For the mitten theater, you can use unnecessary children's mittens.
Each child involved in the performance works with only one doll. Children find intonations and movements of a particular character on their own or with the help of an adult. The performance is well accompanied by music or songs that children know.

Mitten dolls

Puppets for this theater can be made from sewn or knitted mittens, but mitten dolls made of paper are of particular interest to children. Children place the pattern on paper, trace it, carefully cut it out and glue it together. Then the mitten dolls are decorated with paints, felt-tip pens, appliqué, etc. You can even make part of the decorations on such mittens, for example, trees, bushes and much more.

Bi-ba-bo puppet theater
(or the Petrushki Theater)

The Petrushki Theater is a theater whose puppets are worn on three full fingers of the hand - like a glove. In Italy, these dolls used to be called burattini, now they are called pupattzi. In Russia this puppet character received the name Petrushka. Parsley for a long time traveled from fair to fair until, in 1924, he finally found his home in St. Petersburg. And it was then that a permanent puppet theater for children was organized.
These dolls can be purchased at children's stores or made by yourself. The most simple doll consists of a shirt body, a head and handles. The body-shirt is cut from fabric according to the puppeteer’s hand. The head can be made from different materials: wood, bread, plasticine, plastic ball, but usually made of papier-mâché. Or you can use old dolls or rubber toys that you might be planning to throw away. If you take the head of a rubber doll and sew it on new suit(so that a child’s hand can fit through it), then the doll will come to life and can be used in theatrical performances.
The doll is put on like this: on forefinger- the head, and on the large and medium ones - arms or paws. If the doll is too heavy for small child, then a gapit (a wooden rod with a comfortable rounded handle) comes to the rescue.
The stage of the parsley theater is a screen. The scenery is placed on it, and the action takes place. Behind the screen there are puppeteers who control the puppets and speak for them.
Puppet theater gives children a lot of joy and pleasure, creates in them good mood and is clearly reflected in their creative games.

Tabletop theater, toy theater

These are flat or ordinary toys that children play with every day. Stage area – children's table. You can make a character for a tabletop theater yourself from any available material: pine cones, acorns, roots; from household materials: milk and kefir bags, shoe boxes.
If you take old skittles and cut off the bottom, and then trim or tie them, you will get a tabletop theater puppet. To decorate the doll, buttons, beads, wool, fabric, specially tied ears, noses, eyes, hair, paws and tails are used…. These dolls can be put on your hand, on a gapit, or on a thread.
The teacher sits at the children's table, and the children sit in a semicircle in front of him. Children should not see the toys that the teacher will use to show the performance. The teacher, without masking his hands, takes toys in front of the children, moves them and speaks for them.
Such a performance of toys, despite its great simplicity and primitiveness, is not devoid of theatricality; Both toddlers and older children watch it with great interest.
For the performance, it is recommended to take scenes specially written for showing them with toys: “Matryoshka and Katya”, “Game of Hide and Seek”, “Adventures of Toys” and others. You can come up with similar scenes for the puppet theater yourself or use individual plots from children's literature. You just need to remember that their content should be extremely simple, without difficult, impossible actions and movements for toys.
The toy show is designed for a small group of children. It is shown not in the hall at the holiday, but in the group room.
The purpose of such displays is to entertain and please children, to make the doll more interesting for them, and to help them add variety to their play activities.

Shadow theater

Shadow theater is a joyful and welcome entertainment. Children love to watch how figures of people, animals and birds move on a brightly lit screen.
A fairy tale, story, poem, song can be accompanied by showing shadows. Expressive performance musical and literary works, when skillfully demonstrated, evoke a wide variety of emotions in children.
The stage of the shadow theater is the screen. The screen frame of the shadow theater is made of wood or thick cardboard and decorated with ornaments. The screen is covered with thin white material. When shown, the shadow theater figures are pressed tightly against the material on the back of the screen. A light source is placed behind the screen. The silhouettes of the figures are made of thin cardboard and painted black on one side. Some parts of the silhouettes (arm, leg, head, etc.) can be made movable (attached with thread or wire). Pulling the string causes the figurine to move: the arm, head, etc. are lowered or raised.
When showing silhouettes, the puppeteer's hand should not be visible. Therefore, each figurine must have an additional part by which this figurine is held.
Many interesting fairy tales and other literary works loved by children can be shown in the shadow theater.

Screen for shadow theater (dimensions in cm)

Theater on flannelgraph

Children listen and watch the illustrative display with flannelgraph with great interest. They are amazed by the unusualness of the spectacle: the pictures do not fall, they stay on the board like magic. Older children immediately begin to become interested in the technique of making pictures and the flannelgraph itself. Children are even more surprised when the teacher tells them that they themselves can show such a picture theater to the kids. Children enthusiastically begin to prepare for the upcoming performance.
For illustrative display with flannelograph by older children, we can recommend the following: literary works: “Toys” by A. Barto, “Toys” by A. Akhundova, “What is good and what is bad?” V. Mayakovsky, “Merry Count” by S. Marshak, “They Gave You Nothing” by N. Naydenova, “Tanya Got Lost” by Z. Alexandrova, “Once Upon a Time There Lived a Baby Elephant” by G. Tsyferov, “Ladder” by E. Shabal.
Children should know these works by heart. Each work can be told and shown by several children at once.
For this type of theater you will need a piece of plywood covered with soft flannel (preferably in two layers) - this is the screen. You can draw pictures for display yourself (these are plots or characters from fairy tales, stories), or you can cut them out of old books that can no longer be restored. They are glued onto thin cardboard, and flannel is also glued to the back side.
These pictures can be laid out and moved on the table, and if you attach a stick (gapit) to the figure, you can perform a performance using the edge of the table as a screen. Another option is also possible: a thread is attached to the top of the picture (in this case the picture is drawn on both sides) and the picture is moved near the surface of the floor, table….

Role-playing theater

This is a theater where children take on the role of a chosen character. Children, with the help of an adult or independently, act out poems, riddles, small tales, dramatize songs.
For better visibility, children need costumes. You can buy them in a store or sew them yourself. In kindergarten, in each group or at home, it is advisable to have a costume room, where costumes are sewn by the hands of parents and children. If you don’t know how to sew, then together with your children make masks of various characters, decorations and props.

Masque

Masks-caps are made according to the size of the performer’s head. These can be knitted hats or characters drawn on cardboard, which are attached with an elastic band around the head.

Stock doll

.(cockerel, ducklings, dog, bear, etc.). These dolls are driven using one or two rods (sticks). They are very useful for development fine motor skills, which promotes speech development in children. These dolls also develop flexibility in the fingers, hand and wrist. Working with children younger age dolls are used on one rod. The teacher teaches how to hold the doll with all fingers (in a fist). The doll moves due to the movements of the hand. Older children control the dolls on two rods. To manipulate such dolls, you need to teach children to hold the sticks only with their fingertips.

Mastering stock dolls.

At stage 1, the teacher shows a performance in which he introduces children to new dolls.

At stage 2, the exercise “Download, sticks!” ":

You jump, sticks, take turns knocking the sticks on the floor

Like sunbeams!

Jump-jump, stick to stick

Jump-jump, simultaneously across the floor

We galloped onto the meadow. take turns knocking

chopsticks on the floor

With your right foot – stomp, stomp! tap the floor with your right stick

Left foot - stomp, stomp! tap the floor with your left stick

Sit on your head, “put the horns” above your head

They sang a song... banging a stick on a stick

Exercise “Stoolka”. A stoolka is a stick with a flat circle at the end, to which threads with balls are attached on both sides. You need to hold the stick with three fingers (thumb, index and middle), and if you twist the stick with your fingertips, the balls will hit a flat circle. Children enjoy playing with the doll and at the same time they develop the skills necessary for puppeteering.

At stage 3, a theatrical game is held, during which children learn to move a doll along the edge of the screen. The teacher gives everyone a stock doll and improvises a fairy tale in which all children must participate.

Theater on an egg

We pasted stickers based on the fairy tale “Ryaba the Hen” onto the Kinder Surprise capsule. In addition, you can buy wooden blank eggs and paint them with fairy-tale characters.

Origami Theater

These are paper figurines of fairy-tale characters. For the convenience of puppeteering, we attached them to balloon sticks

Puppet theater

These dolls have some ends of the threads attached to the head, arms, legs, and torso, and the other ends to the vagina. The vaga is a tool for controlling the puppet: by controlling the vaga, the actor makes the puppet move. These dolls promote the development of coordination of movements, help the child learn to concentrate attention on one object, and develop the flexibility of fingers and hands.

Mastering puppets.

At stage 1, the teacher introduces children to a puppet doll. She can dance, approach each child, and talk to him.

Funny shoes are a tool for preparing to drive puppets, as well as for developing hand coordination. “Funny shoes” are easy to make yourself: you need to take a small stick, attach thin ropes to both ends. Bags with weights in the form of shoes are sewn to the ends of the ropes.

Sequence of exercises:

1. Rearrange the shoes one by one, holding the shoe with 2 hands.

2. Rearrange the shoes one by one, holding the shoe with one hand.

3. One shoe goes around the other. The vaga is held with both hands, the hands move as the vaga rotates.

4. One shoe goes around the other in a semicircle and returns. The vaga is held with one hand.

5. Both shoes jump at the same time. The vaga is held with both hands.

6. Both shoes jump at the same time. The vaga is held with one hand.

7. Rotate the shoes, i.e., use both hands to rotate the shoe clockwise, then back. It turns out to be a pinwheel.

At stage 3, the game “Walk with my toy” is played. Under cheerful music children walk with puppets and then pass their toy to another child.

At stage 4 – performance. To the music of different nature children manipulate the dolls, performing one at a time and observing all stages of the performance (exit-performance-bow-exit).

Scarf dolls

These dolls are called so because they are made of scarves. A scarf is attached to the doll's head, and elastic bands are sewn to its edges.

The head is attached to the puppeteer’s neck, and elastic bands are attached to the hands. Scarf dolls are convenient because they allow the puppeteer to move and dance freely.

Shawl butterfly dolls are made of light gauze scarves, which are gathered in the center with a soft elastic band. An elastic band is attached to the hands. And the edges of the scarf fall to the backs of the hands. If you make smooth strokes with your brushes, the edges of the scarf will fly up like the wings of a butterfly. Butterfly dolls develop flexibility of the hands and strengthen the muscles of the fingers and elbow joints.

Mastering scarf dolls.

At stage 1, children get acquainted with a butterfly doll, dressed in the hands of the teacher.

At stage 2, children perform the “butterfly” exercise: the wrist of one hand is placed on the wrist of the other hand at a palm-down angle. The fingers are pressed tightly against each other and move up and down, like the wings of a butterfly.

At stage 3, a theatrical game “the moth flew” is held.

Kulachkovy Theater

This toy is interesting for children because it is dynamic. The head can rotate because it is attached to a stick, which is clamped in the puppeteer's fist and brought out through a hole in the dress. When driving the doll, two hands are involved. On the fist right hand the toy is put on and it drives the character, and with your left hand you can turn the doll's head using a wand.
To make a puppet for a fist theater, you need to make a pattern of all the details of the character, cut them out of fabric and sew them. Then fill the head tightly with cotton wool or foam rubber so that it is voluminous, tighten it tighter near the neck and put the resulting head on a stick. (Reinforce the stick with the same thread as the neck, wrapping it around it several times.) At the end of the work, the remaining parts are sewn to the head.

Stomper Theater

It’s quite easy to make characters for the stomper theater from old gloves, cutting off everything unnecessary and leaving only two fingers. You can make a pattern of characters and sew them from knitwear. It is better to draw the head on cardboard, then sew it to the figure or glue it, after which the remaining details of the character are sewn on.

Theater on sticks

To make this theater you will need sticks and character silhouettes made from cardboard. The secret of the toys is that each silhouette is attached to a stick and the character is activated by turning it.
Theater on a stick is interesting for children not only because it is very easy to make, but also because the actions can be depicted behind a screen or while moving freely around the room.

Types of theaters

1. Tabletop toy theater. This theater uses a wide variety of toys - factory-made and homemade, from natural and any other material. Here the imagination is not limited, the main thing is that the toys and crafts stand steadily on the table and do not interfere with movement.

2. Tabletop picture theater. All pictures - characters and scenery - must be double-sided, since turns are inevitable, and in order for the figures not to fall, supports are needed, which can be very diverse, but always quite stable. This is ensured by the correct ratio of the weight or support area to the height of the picture. The higher the picture, the larger or weightier the support area is needed.

It is best to hide characters before the game starts. Their appearance during the action creates an element of surprise and arouses the interest of children.

In order to create an idea of the location of the action, use decorative elements: two or three trees are a forest, green cloth or paper on the table is a lawn, a blue ribbon is a stream. Don’t spend a lot of time on such preparations and involve children in them, teach them to fantasize, come up with new original details for the decoration - and then everyone will be interested.

3. Stand-book. The dynamics and sequence of events are easy to depict using successive illustrations. For travel type games it is convenient to use a stand book. Secure it to the bottom of the board. On the top - place the transport on which the trip will take place. As the trip progresses, the presenter (first the teacher, and then the child), turning over the sheets of the book stand, demonstrates various scenes depicting events and meetings that take place along the way. You can also illustrate episodes from the life of a kindergarten if each page depicts a new routine process.

4. Flannelograph. Pictures are also good to show on the screen. They are held in place by the adhesion of the flannel that covers the screen and the back of the picture. Instead of flannel, you can stick pieces of sandpaper or velvet paper on the pictures. Together with the children, select drawings from old books and magazines, and the missing ones can be completed. This gives the guys pleasure. Use natural materials too.

This type of game makes it easy to depict crowd scenes, for example, “Air Parade,” “Bird Flight,” “Space Rocket Launch,” etc.

Shadow theater is good to use during leisure hours.

Finger theater is good when you need to show several characters at the same time. For example, in the fairy tale “Turnip” new characters appear one after another. Such a performance can be performed by one child using his fingers. Fairy tales “The Goat and the Seven Little Kids”, “Twelve Months”, “Boy-Ki-Balchish”, “Geese-Swans” and others with many characters can be shown by two or three children who are located behind the screen. The display of such fairy tales with crowd scenes is possible thanks to finger attributes.

7. Bibabo.

In these games, a doll is put on the fingers of the hand. The movements of her head, arms, and torso are carried out using movements of the fingers and hand.

8. Improvisation - playing out a theme, a plot without preliminary preparation - is perhaps the most difficult, but also the most interesting game. All previous types of theater prepare for it. And yet children will be at a loss if you suddenly invite them to act out this or that scene. Prepare them for this - come up with a theme together, discuss how to portray it, what the roles and characteristic episodes will be.

Conclusions on the first chapter

In the first chapter of our work, we looked at the history of the emergence of children's theater, and what type children's theater has now. We analyzed one of the main components of theatrical activity - creativity. The influence of creativity on the education of a harmoniously developed personality. The stages of a child’s creative activity were identified. We identified the types of theaters that are used in preschool institutions, conditions and requirements imposed on them. Theatrical games, their classification, and the influence of games on the development of a preschool child were also considered.

Preschool age provides excellent opportunities for the development of creative abilities. And the extent to which these opportunities were used will largely depend creative potential adult. The more favorable the conditions, the closer they are to optimal, the more successful development begins. Development can reach greatest height, and the child can become talented and brilliant. From a psychological point of view preschool childhood is a favorable period for the development of creative abilities because at this age children are extremely inquisitive, they have a great desire to explore the world around them.

The sphere of art is considered as a space that contributes to the formation of social and aesthetic activity of the individual.

This view of raising a child made actual problem education and upbringing of preschool children by means theatrical arts and allowed us to turn to theatrical activities in preschool educational institutions not only as an independent section artistic education children, but also as a powerful synthetic means of developing their creative abilities. After all, the art of theater is an organic synthesis of music, dance, painting, rhetoric, acting, concentrates into a single whole the means of expressiveness available in the arsenal of individual arts, and thereby creates conditions for the education of an integral creative personality, which contributes to the achievement of the goals of modern education.

Thus, we come to the conclusion that identifying and developing Creative skills preschoolers are better off through theatrical activities, since theatrical activities are focused on comprehensive development the personality of the child, his unique individuality. Promotes self-knowledge and personal expression; creates conditions for the socialization of the child; helps to realize the feelings of satisfaction, joy, significance that arise as a result of identifying hidden talents and potentials. Theatrical activity not only develops the mental functions of the child’s personality and artistic abilities, but also the universal human ability for interpersonal interaction and creativity in any field. In addition, for a child, a theatrical performance is a good opportunity to become a hero, at least for a short time, to believe in himself, to hear the first applause in his life.

children's theater creativity performance

The importance of theatrical activity Theatrical activity allows you to decide
many pedagogical tasks related to
expressiveness of the child's speech,
intellectual and artistic and aesthetic education.
Theatrical activities – inexhaustible
source of development of feelings, experiences and
emotional discoveries, a way to connect with
spiritual wealth.
As a result of theatrical activities
a child experiences the world with his mind and heart, expressing
your attitude to good and evil; knows joy
associated with overcoming communication difficulties,
self-doubt.

Feelings and
emotions
small
artist
Teatralizova
naya
activities
b
Theater assistant
education
Speech development,
fantasies,
imagination
We are becoming
bolder
(confidence,
looseness)
We're getting smarter
(memory,
intelligence,
resourcefulness,
horizon)
We are becoming
kinder

Tasks for speech development: 1. Replenishment and activation of the dictionary (due to words denoting the names of objects, actions, signs); 2. Z

Speech development tasks:
1. Replenishment and activation of the dictionary (for
counting words denoting the names of objects,
actions, signs);
2. Consolidating the skill of using a straight line
and indirect speech;
3. Improving monologue and
dialogical forms of speech;
4. Fostering a culture of verbal communication,
ability to act in concert
team.

Active in theatrical activities
dialogue develops as a form
socialized (communicative) speech.
The stage dialogues are perfect,
“correct”, that is, verified
chronological, logical, emotional.
Memorized during preparation for the performance
children use literary figures of speech
subsequently as finished speech material in
free speech communication.

Theatrical game Objectives: To teach children to navigate in space, to be evenly placed around the site, to build a dialogue with a partner on the basis of

Theater game
Objectives: Teach children to navigate
space, evenly distributed throughout
platform, build a dialogue with a partner on
given topic. Develop ability
voluntarily tense and relax
individual muscle groups, remember words
heroes of performances, develop visual
auditory attention, memory,
observation, imaginative thinking,
fantasy, imagination, interest in
performing arts.
Rhythmoplasty
Objectives: Develop skills
arbitrarily react to
team or musical
signal, readiness
act in concert
develop coordination
movements, learn to remember
given poses and figuratively
pass them on.
Main areas of work with children
Work on the play
Culture and technique of speech
Objectives: To develop speech breathing and
correct articulation, clear
diction, varied intonation
logic of speech; learn to write short
stories and fairy tales, select the simplest
rhymes; pronounce tongue twisters and
poems, expand your vocabulary.
Objectives: Learn to write sketches based on
fairy tales; develop action skills
with imaginary objects;
develop the ability to use
intonations expressing
various emotional
states (sad, happy,
angry, surprised, delighted,
plaintively, etc.).

Forms of organizing theatrical activities When choosing material for staging, you need to build on age capabilities, knowledge

Forms of organization
theatrical
activities
When choosing material for staging, you need
based on age capabilities, knowledge and
children's skills, enrich their life experience,
stimulate interest in new knowledge, expand
creative potential:
1Directly organized educational
activity:
- theater class;
-dramatic play in other classes
2. Educational activities in progress
regime moments:
- theatrical play;
-dramatization game;
3 Independent theatrical and artistic
activities, theatrical games in everyday life
life.

The object-spatial environment provides joint theatrical activities for children and is the basis for independent creativity.

Subject-spatial environment
provides joint
theatrical activities for children,
is the basis of independent
creativity of every child, unique
form of his self-education.
The diversity of theaters contributes to
increasing children's interest in
theatrical activities.

The problem is actively discussed in pedagogy and psychology
relationship between personality and creativity.
Preschool pedagogy today is looking for ways to develop children in
purely children's activities as opposed to learning
school type.
It is the game that should be primarily used
teachers.
L.S. Vygotsky defined play as a leading activity
V preschool age. L.I. Bozovic considers it necessary
so that leading activities constitute the main
content
the lives of the children themselves.
Thus, the game is a kind of center around
which the main interests are concentrated and
children's experiences.
Theatrical activity is a type of
games.

Theatrical activities in kindergarten
organizationally can permeate all regime
moments: to be involved in all classes, in joint
activities of children and adults in their free time,
be carried out in independent activity children.
Theatrical activities can be organically
included in the work of various studios and clubs;
theatrical products
(staged performances, dramatizations, performances, concerts and
etc.) may be included in the content of holidays,
fun and sweet Fridays.

Of all types of puppet theater in kindergarten
The most popular are:
- theater of pictures (on flannelgraph, cardboard,
table).
- theater of toys and parsleys (glove)
By control method theater puppets divisible by two
The main types are riding and floor.
The horse ones are those that the puppeteer controls
from behind the screen.
In turn, they come in glove and cane types.
Floor dolls “work” on the floor, puppeteer
controls them in front of the audience.
Floor puppets include puppets and large (life-size)
dolls

Theater activities are presented in
preschool educational institution
puppet theater and theatrical
games,
which are divided into two groups:
director's games and dramatization games.

Directing games in preschool educational institutions include:
1. tabletop theatrical games:
- tabletop toy theater (theater
walking, conical (or cylinder, box)
- tabletop theater of pictures (theater of toy toys, can theater (on mugs,
transparent glasses), plane theater)
2. bench theatrical games:
- stand-book,
- shadow theater,
- theater on flannelgraph.

Theater on hand.

Finger theater – promotes better control of the movements of your own fingers.

Puppet theater on the table - promotes mastery of the technique of controlling tabletop theater puppets (puppets made of paper cones, cylinders, boxes

Puppet theater on the table – promotes ownership
tabletop theater puppet control technology
(dolls made from paper cones, cylinders, boxes.

Toy Theater

Conical
theater

Can Theater

Planar
theater

Flat theater "Hare-boast".

Theater
walking

Shadow play

Puppet show

Theater on flannelgraph: can be used as independent entertainment as part of educational activities

dramatization games

Types of dramatization are:
games that imitate images of animals, people,
literary characters;
role-playing dialogues based on text;
staging works (rhymes, small
fairy tales, songs, small literary texts;
staging performances in one or more
works (dramatic performance,
musical and dramatic performance, children's opera,
performance based on choreography, performance
rhythmoplasty, pantomime, musical).

Dramatization games in preschool educational institutions include:
Dramatization games with fingers - attributes
the child puts it on his fingers, but, as in the dramatization,
acts for the character himself.
(For example, fairy tales “The Turnip”, The Goat and the Seven Little Goats”,
"Swan geese".
Such tales can be shown by two or three children,
which are located behind the screen).
Dramatization games with bibabo dolls - in these games
a doll is put on the fingers. The movements of her head
arms and torso are carried out using movements
fingers, hands.