How to draw a Russian folk sundress with a pencil step by step. How to start drawing Russian folk patterns

In chapter

There are different tasks. Sometimes you sit and think: How to draw a Russian folk costume? And what about the child?

Step-by-step instructions for fine art

Russian folk woman suit with a sundress. Step-by-step instruction How to draw a Russian folk costume yourself with a pencil.

Russian folk costume for girls - a shirt with a belt. Step-by-step instructions on how to draw a female Russian folk costume in pencil step by step. First we draw a vertical line - this is our axis of symmetry, then we outline three horizontal lines- lines of shoulders, hips and waist. Depending on what kind of costume we are drawing: North Russian with the obligatory sundress or South Russian with an apron and poneva, the waist line is positioned differently. In the northern versions it is overestimated, in the southern ones it is in place. Then a skirt is drawn from the waist line, and future sleeves are drawn from the shoulder line. For simplicity, the sleeve line can be drawn parallel to the skirt line. We end the sleeve at hip level. Thus, we have a pseudo-layout ready, on the basis of which we will draw the costume.

1.Draw a Russian costume based on a sundress.

Girl Alyonushka in Russian folk costume. Breakdown into individual stages on how to draw a costume yourself.

Not many people become professional artists, despite the fact that everyone draws in childhood. Just someone develops in themselves Creative skills, while for some they remain in their infancy. But sometimes the desire to create suddenly awakens in a person, and he wants to immediately draw a masterpiece. Of course, it is difficult to make such a dream come true, but you can try. Today we will talk about how to draw the coat of arms of Russia step by step with a pencil and become a little closer to your cherished desire - to master the art of drawing.

The history of the creation of the coat of arms of Russia

In this article we will look in detail at how to draw the coat of arms of Russia step by step with a pencil, but in order to draw something, you need to at least know the history. Firstly, it’s interesting, and secondly, after you study all the details, it’s much easier to draw them.

The first drawing of the flag and coat of arms of Russia in the form in which we know it was mentioned in the chronicles of the 15th century. Under Ivan III, the eagle acquired two heads, turned in different sides. And what state symbol been there before? Russian princes borrowed the eagle from Roman culture back in the 12th century. But at that time the bird had only one head and its color was black.

Under Ivan III, the eagle not only acquired a second head. The bird's belly began to be decorated with a shield, in the middle of which Andrei the Victorious dealt a fatal blow to the snake. Why did this change happen? Moscow becomes the capital of the state, and the symbol of the Moscow principality was the shield with St. Andrew the Victorious. The fusion of two symbols gave rise to what we see on the coat of arms today. Gradual changes state symbols happened under every king. At first, each eagle head received a crown, and then the third crown began to adorn the coat of arms. In 1589 the eagle acquired almost modern look, they gave him a scepter and an orb.

The meaning of the coat of arms of Russia

After reading about the history of the appearance of state symbols, you need to find out its meaning. We will discuss in detail below how to draw the coat of arms of Russia step by step with a pencil, and now we will find out which one hidden meaning enclosed in an eagle. Many people are interested in why the two-headed bird holds an orb and a scepter. The state represents power. Moreover, complete and undivided power over the entire country. The scepter represents church power. The bird's two heads show the unity of the Christian faith and the power of the state ruler, now the president.

What does St. George the Victorious mean? This legendary saint was known in Rus' even before the adoption of Christianity. According to legend, he saved the city from a monster that devoured young maidens. The legend says that before the duel with the snake, George offered a prayer to God, and it was with his help that the knight managed to behead the monster. In 988, at baptism Vladimir received the Red Sun christian name Georgy. It is believed that this is why the symbolic hero appeared on the Russian coat of arms.

The correctness of the composition

How to draw the coat of arms of Russia step by step with a pencil? You need to start with construction. In order for the drawing to look harmonious later, the coat of arms must be composed immediately. We choose A4 paper format - this is album sheet. You shouldn't draw a small eagle. In its center is St. George the Victorious, and this figure requires detailed elaboration. Therefore, we leave 5 cm at the bottom and 3 cm at the top, and fill in the rest of the space with an oval. Divide with a thin line geometric figure into two equal parts. Now you can draw the outline of the eagle. We immediately outline the upper, central crown. If this is not done, it may subsequently go beyond the contours of the oval, and the drawing may move upward by itself. Visually, the coat of arms can be divided into three parts: the tail, the shield in the center and the bird’s head.

There is no need to do this at this stage detailed drawing. You just need to arrange the composition proportionally.

Drawing rules

To answer the question “How to draw the coat of arms of Russia?”, you need to know the basic rules of drawing. You need to start working on your creation from the center. Otherwise there is Great chance, that in the future the drawing can be smeared by hand. To prevent this from happening, you need to put Blank sheet paper. When working on the eagle's heads, the sheet should be at the bottom, and when drawing the tail, the paper will cover everything drawn above. Hatching should be applied only after the entire drawing has been worked out in detail. Otherwise, the feathers on the wings will lose their presentable appearance, and the result will be dirt. Small details: eyes, mesh on crowns, etc. are drawn last.

Drawing an eagle

The work must be carried out in stages. How to draw a coat of arms so that it looks like the original? You need to start by drawing the eagle. We draw the head of the bird, to make this easier, we can divide the oval we have already drawn. It looks like a square.

In the upper left part we draw a semicircle from the center to the side. Here you need to not get carried away and remember that at the top is the central crown. Now we draw the left wing. This will be an arc that extends from the middle of the first square and reaches almost to the middle of the bottom one. We mirror the workpiece in the other direction. Now let's move on to the bird's paws. We mark in circles the places where the scepter and orb will be located. Be sure to keep the proportions. Symbols of power are located exactly in the middle of the wings. Next we draw the tail. In the center of the eagle you need to draw a shield. As already written above, in proportions it is equal to the height of the tail. We draw a clear outline of the bird and detail it. The crowns, scepter and orb should be drawn at this stage.

Detailing the drawing

We continue to reveal the secrets of how to draw a coat of arms. The description is step-by-step, so you need to follow the sequence of operations.

We have the outline of the eagle ready, now we need to detail our bird. Before you start drawing out the feathers, you should carefully approach the image of the paws. This difficult task, so first you need to draw the right paw, where there are only two “fingers”. Then we move on to drawing the left limb. The main thing here is to convey the grip realistically. Having studied the original picture, you can trace the trend in the arrangement of feathers. Everywhere: on the neck, wings and paws, the plumage is located in three rows. We transfer this to our drawing. The feathers on the necks look like jackdaws. The feathers on the wings are oval, small at the base and gradually lengthen towards the end of the wing. The feathers on the paws are the most difficult to draw. Here you need to count the curls and copy them exactly. You must not miss the moment when the feathers smoothly move from the neck to the wings, and from the wings to the paws.

Drawing St. George the Victorious

The eagle is ready, now you need to draw the central shield. Answering the question “How to draw the coat of arms of Russia?”, we have already said that St. George the Victorious is the center of the composition. You need to start drawing from the horse. The animal occupies 1/3 of the entire shield space. His figure does not need a clear drawing; you can draw the horse as cartoon character. Georgy himself is also miniature. His body is not entirely proportional, his torso is large and his legs are short. The raised arm is level with the head. And of course, you must not forget about the raincoat. Finishing touch- this is a snake that prostrates itself at the feet of the winner. The snake's head is under the horse's front hoof, and its tail is under the back hoof. The wings will be located exactly in the middle.

Hatching

The work needs to be completed by applying light and shade and working out small details that could have been worn out during work. To understand what needs to be done, you need to look at the various coats of arms Russian Federation. How to draw the final part of the work step by step?

We start with drawing St. George the Victorious. We apply shadows to the horse, rider, and kite. Let's slightly shade the shield itself from the eagle. There should be no sharp boundaries, the shadow should be soft. To achieve this effect, you can rub the lead with a piece of cotton wool. Next, draw the heads of the eagles. Here you need to emphasize the eyes and tongues. Apply small parts on the crowns. The final step is drawing the feathers. Here you can experiment and separate all three rows of feathers from each other with a shadow. If you don’t want to do this, then you just need to draw one or two small strokes on each wing.

Drawing in color

So we answered the question of how to draw a coat of arms step by step with a pencil. You can teach your family a lesson visual arts. After several trainings, even schoolchildren can get a very similar image. To make the work look more vibrant, you can draw it with watercolor pencils.

Then after completion creative process You can run a wet brush over the entire drawing. It will work out interesting effect watercolor sketch. True, in this case the small details will have to be drawn again. And this should already be done with a gel pen.

Since ancient times in Rus', on every piece of utensil, on every piece of clothing, as well as on houses, various elements and symbols were depicted, which formed patterns. Each detail had its own meaning and place. This is how Russian was formed folk pattern.

Historical information about Russian folk patterns

It should be understood that there are two terms - pattern and ornament. And it was not the same thing from the beginning. Even now, not every pattern can be called an ornament. For example, if this is a constantly repeating pattern (rapport).

In Rus' it was believed that the pattern was much deeper, it meant more. The word ornament is borrowed from Latin, and it appeared much later and means decoration. In Rus' there was an analogue to it - “decorations”. It was believed that it was intended for decorative stylization. However, later these two concepts became intertwined and began to complement each other.

Russian folk pattern is a collection of various lines, symbols, and other elements that can be repeated or be in a single version. Pictures may vary in different areas. Thus, in the eastern regions of Rus', in the pattern you can find such an element as the “Indian cucumber,” which is still popular today.

Also, each locality had its own color scheme patterns and ornaments.

Signs and symbols in Russian pattern

If we consider the Russian folk pattern from the point of view of symbolism, then we can say that not a single element is depicted there just like that. Each has its own meaning and is in its place.

The most popular symbols in the pattern are:

• The star of Alatyr, or, as it is also called, the cross of Svarog. It has eight petals and symbolizes the Universe, its cycles of folding and unfolding.
• The symbol of Beregini (Rozhanitsa) is also very popular. This is a schematic representation of a woman who protects.
• Very a significant symbol is which is sometimes also called the World Tree. It combines the world axis, the universe and the race.
• Everyone knows: During the time of Hitler, the swastika became a symbol of war and fascism, but initially this was not at all the case.
• Also popular is the Orepei symbol, which is a comb diamond. This symbol brings happiness, balance and peace of mind.
• In addition, flowers, stars, spirals and other symbols are used in the pattern and ornament, each of which carries a specific meaning, enhancing the positive and protective energy of a person.

In addition to the above elements, there are many others. In addition, almost all patterns of the scheme are quite diverse. The same symbol can be depicted in different ways, maintaining, however, common features and lines. This is how whole protective phrases arise, as well as short stories or conspiracies.

The sacred meaning of the pattern

You should know that the same symbol, but depicted in different parts clothes, could have different meaning. For example, the Orepei sign, depicted in the elbow area on women's clothing, denoted an ancestor. If he was depicted on the hem, then he was the entrance to the other world.

The ancient gods who rode in chariots were also symbolically depicted. They were harnessed to various animals that personified a specific deity.

Some Russian patterns (photo below) in their numerical repetition carried specific code. So, the following numbers were important:

• three (Absolute, Trinity, time, space);
• four (cardinal directions, seasons);
• seven (symbol of harmony);
• twelve.

Such patterns and ornaments also reveal the attitude towards Mother Nature of our ancestors. With their images, they seemed to ask her for protection and patronage from various evils, troubles and misfortunes.

Where are Russian folk patterns used?

The use of patterns is quite varied. They are used in towels, napkins, for painting utensils, houses, and for carving wood and metal. In the old days, not a single object was left without a design.

Russian patterns (photos of them are in our review) are not only the beauty of an object, but also protection, a talisman for its owner. It is known that even before the advent of writing, people already depicted on utensils various symbols(diamonds, lines, dots).

Differences in patterns in different regions

Each region of Russia has its own history of painting, embroidery, patterns and ornaments. Let's look at the Russian folk pattern (pictures of some will be presented below) for some types and areas:

• Gzhel painting - characterized by blue and white colors in the drawings that are made on ceramic and porcelain products;
• paintings, for which the village of Zhostovo is famous, on metal trays;
• very interesting Khokhloma painting various patterns, it is characterized by a golden color (there are also red, yellow and orange);
• in addition, in many regions they made their own special toys (Dymkovo, Kargopol, Stary Oskol), each of which had its own unique pattern in the painting;
• Pavlovo Posad shawls are also very famous, which are made in red and black colors, with floral patterns.

And these are not even all the known crafts where Russian folk patterns are used.

The most ancient patterns

The most ancient patterns include a set of various signs that in ancient times had special meaning and were simply not applied to any product. Each family had its own set of embroideries and paintings, which were passed down from generation to generation. They even have a special meaning for the family, being its own symbol. Of course, over time, knowledge was lost.

Ancient Russian patterns breathe mystery into us, the power of amulets, the meaning of every curl or sign.

Nowadays, many people collect similar images that make sense.

How to start drawing Russian folk patterns

Now people are increasingly turning to our ancestral heritage, wanting to revive lost traditions. For example, many people wonder how to draw a Russian pattern. Where to start?

First, you should understand that in Rus' there are many techniques of painting and embroidery, which have their own characteristics. For beginners, you need to take patterns that are not very complex, having a repeating pattern. This will make it easier to grasp its very essence.

Before drawing itself, you need to practice with its simple components: dots, lines, strokes, droplets, loops, etc. In fact, the most difficult pattern consists of the above details. Of these simple shapes After some time of training, you will be able to create more complex ones.

In order to understand how to draw a Russian pattern, you should not rush. Some forms may indeed seem complex, but you need to remember that they are all made up of simple ones. First, lay out the repeating pattern into parts, start depicting it with the easiest and most basic ones, for example, a point. Gradually draw other shapes around it, and so at the very end you can get your finished pattern. Take a look at the photo below, which shows all the stages of drawing. And make sure that this process is not so complicated.

Thus, you can learn how to create ornaments and patterns yourself. In principle, you can take ready-made diagrams and then transfer them to the surface.

Using patterns on household items

Also, patterns and ornaments in ancient times were made on household items, household utensils. For example, in Rus', salt shakers were depicted with a six-petal rosette. It had symbolic meaning. This rosette represented the sun, and salt was considered associated with it. Also, her image was often found on spinning wheels, as a symbol of endless time.

In addition to the symbolic painting of utensils, there was also simply decorating the product. Of course, it did not appear immediately, but the technology was developed over the years.

It should be noted that some patterns, the patterns of which are quite complex, are still made by craftsmen. This is, for example, Khokhloma painting, which looks very beautiful and rich. However, its production is quite complex and multi-stage.

Using patterns in embroidery

Russian embroidery in Rus' traditionally not only decorates clothes, towels, bedspreads and other linen products, but is also a talisman. The interweaving of patterns is by no means random. All symbols are in their place.

In addition, the color of the thread that is used also matters in embroidery. Let's consider some points:

• an embroidered rooster or horse in red or black colors is suitable to protect the baby;
• for successful activities, embroidery should be done in blue or golden-green tones;
• woolen embroidery is suitable if there are already some energy holes; it is done in the area of ​​a person’s chakras;
• flax is used for peace; it is used to embroider trees, birds, stars or the sun;
• for women, black color should be used in embroidery to protect against infertility;
• for men - green (protects from wounds), blue (protects from the elements).

In addition, symbols are also used in embroidery - a cross (barrier and protection from evil), a star (heavenly fire), a circle (denotes fertility, abundance and motherhood) and others.

Thus, Russian embroidery is a whole set of knowledge that our ancestors used in ancient times, protecting themselves, their relatives and their clan.

The use of patterns on clothing in the old days

Probably the most famous use of pattern and ornament is Even the most ignorant person in this matter will recognize this embroidery. True, colors and patterns again vary by region.

For example, the further south the area, the brighter the clothes people wore. This was due to the fact that used to paint was of natural origin, and the warmer it was, the greater the variety in the possibilities of producing it.

If we talk about men's and women's clothing, then the first had almost no differences in the regions, except perhaps for preferences in color and pattern. And here women's clothing was quite varied and significantly different.

And also embroidery of various animal figures was very popular in the northern part of Russia. But the southern ones had more colored embroidery (often red).

The use of Russian folk patterns in modern clothing

Russian folk patterns on clothes periodically return to fashion. Famous fashion designers release collections with folk motives(for example, in 1976 Russian Collection from Yves Saint Laurent).

In our time, Russian patterns have long been a priority among true connoisseurs. In addition to colorful traditional ones, bright floral (or other folk) prints are used. I remember the ancient patterns that craftswomen embroidered on clothes for their family and friends. You can also certainly order similar clothes for yourself if you wish.

Products that have long earned recognition both in quality and style (for example, Pavlovo Posad shawls) also remain popular.

Thus, the Russian pattern simply cannot go into oblivion. His influence on the people is undeniable, this is his legacy, and one day he will rightfully take his rightful place in the hearts of people. After all, ancient Russian patterns truly carry the harmony and beauty that was known to our ancestors. This is also our history, which should not be forgotten.

Goals:

1. Introduce the history and traditions of Russian folk holidays.
2. Cultivate respect, develop interest in folk art.
3. Reinforce the concept of “ornament” and its types.
4. Improve your visual skills and the ability to work with gouache.

Visibility: images of Russian folk costumes, ornaments, panels depicting a village square, audio recording “Ringing of Bells”, templates of human figures, proverbs on the board:

1. You can't feed a chicken, and you can't dress up a girl.
2. The woman’s shirts are the same bags: tie the sleeves and put whatever you want.
3. They praise the silk on a girl when the girl herself has a lot of sense.

I. Organizational moment.

II. Announcing the topic of the lesson

a) Conversation

Every nation has holidays. They reveal a person’s soul, his character. In Rus' they loved holidays. They greeted spring and said goodbye to winter; holidays celebrated the completion of field work, and sometimes simply the end of the working day. Holidays were always fun, filled with music, singing, games and dancing. Every evening people different ages they gathered in the evening at someone’s hut and sang and danced there. The song and dance repertoire was very rich and varied. For all seasons, for everything calendar holidays there were their own songs, games, dances, fun, nursery rhymes. Often catchphrases, jokes, and jokes were invented on the spot, improvised on the spot, especially ditties.

The holiday is not only songs and dances.

How else does this day differ from ordinary everyday life?/outfits/

The day before folk festivals heavy chests swung open. The more they were stuffed, the richer the owner of the house was considered. All festive clothing was necessarily decorated with elements of embroidery, beads, and sparkles, which, as a rule, was not present in everyday clothing. One could judge the taste and skill of the craftswoman by the clothes, because the peasant woman made her own outfit<рисунок 1>.

What a variety of holiday outfits!

What do they have in common? (patterns)

How can you call it differently? (ornament)

Any Russian costume in the old days was certainly decorated with ornaments and embroidery.

Let's remember what types of ornaments you know?

/plant and geometric/

Attention to the board. Before you are patterns (they can simply be depicted on the board with colored chalk.) Which of them will not be ornaments? Why? /in the ornament the elements are depicted in a certain order, rhythmically./

Game “Compose a melody for the ornament.”

b) STORY about Russian folk costumes.

Let's take a closer look at the outfits.

The basis of any Russian costume was the shirt<рисунок 1и 2>. Shirts with a fastener on the side were called kosovorotki. These were usually worn by men. Their outfit also included pants, which were tucked into boots or onuchi (a piece of fabric), and bast shoes were worn on top of the onuchi.

The shirt was wide and decorated along the hem, collar, and edge of the sleeves with embroidery. And always tied with a sash<рисунок 2>.

Belts performed many functions: they spoke about a person’s well-being, and were also a reward and a gift and were passed on by inheritance. Festive shirts were embroidered with colored silk threads. Preference was given to red color (as a talisman).

Particular importance was attached to the location of the drawing. For example:

• chest patterns - protected the heart and lungs,
• shoulder guards - protected the hands,
• floor-mounted - did not allow evil forces to penetrate from below.

In the central and northern regions of Russia, women wore a sundress for the holidays<рисунок 3>.

Smooth lines the sundress seemed to flow, making the woman look like a swan. It’s not for nothing that in songs and fairy tales they are called swans.

The festive outfit also included the so-called soul warmers - epanechki or koroten - short blouses with straps, similar to sundresses<рисунок 4>.

And in the southern regions of Russia, fashionistas wore a pony complex<рисунок 5>.

Poneva - skirt. She always dressed over a shirt, then an apron, and then a top.

The apron was generously decorated with embroidery<рисунок 6>.

Red color predominated. This is the color of fire, the sun, magical, beautiful, a symbol of salvation and a sign of a barrier to evil forces. This color was supposed to scare away demons and spirits in human form, and to preserve and protect the owner from various misfortunes.

The topper is outerwear, which was worn in autumn or spring. The top was not belted<рисунок 7>.

And finally, hats.

They were clearly divided into dresses for girls and for married women:

Kokoshniks, ribbons, wreaths /girls/.

Koruna, magpie, kitschka /female/.

In the names of the headdresses one can hear a relationship with a bird: kokoshnik, kichka, magpie. And this is no coincidence. Remember the fairy tales: the swan, the swan is white, like a peahen.

c) Working with proverbs.

III. Practical work – creation of a collective panel on the theme “Holiday in the Village.”

Students are given figurines depicting people and need to make them festive clothes.

Differentiated task:

1st group: Colorize ready-made figures, already “dressed” - a task for slow children and those who have difficulty drawing images on their own. Come up with your own ornament.

Group 2: “Dress” paper figurine, i.e. come up with and draw a festive outfit yourself.

Group 3 (children who draw well): Depict figure of a man in a festive costume.

The main condition is the presence of an ornament in clothing.

Finished works are glued onto a pre-prepared panel depicting a rural square with a cathedral and peasant houses. /Audio recording “Ringing of bells” - people gather in the cathedral square./

IV. Bottom line.

Everything in life changes, but the holiday remains. And although he can cope in different ways, the main thing remains - joy, special excitement, fun, elegant clothes, gifts, songs and dances, which are now sometimes mysterious to us. However, these traditions constitute extraordinaryness and peculiarity. You need to remember and know about them.

Do you remember?

We'll check this now.

Children are given arrow cards with words and names of Russian folk clothes:

- shirt	- epanechka	- kokoshnik
- sash	- short	- koruna
- braided shirt	- poneva	- forty
- onuchi	- apron	- kitschka.
- sundress	- topper

It is necessary to connect the arrow cards with the items of clothing in the pictures so that they match the names.

V. Evaluation of work.