Musical lesson in the middle group musical instruments. Lesson notes for the middle group “Tools”
Olga Shamonina
Lesson notes in middle group"Tools"
Summary of GCD in the middle correctional group.
Subject: « Tools»
Learn to recognize tools: hammer, needle, pliers, screwdriver, thimble to distinguish them from many other things.
Denote in speech labor actions relevant words:
hammered... (nails);
sawing with a saw….;
chopping with an ax...;
screw it in with a screwdriver...
Learn to imitate labor actions with substitute items in role-playing game, dramatization game, in constructive games.
Introduce safety rules in games. Train to store toys tools in a strictly defined place.
Children sit around the table
Want to know what's in my chest?
Then guess the riddle: Vertically challenged I, thin and sharp.
I look for my way with my nose, and I drag my tail behind me.
Needle and thread
What is it for? Can you play with a needle? Why not? What is the needle made of? Once upon a time there were no such sharp metal needles for a long time. And ancient people had to sew their clothes using thick fish bones or sharpened animal bones (Pictures). Do you think it was easy to sew clothes this way? Of course not. Then man first invented a large needle made of bronze, silver, and later iron. What other needles do you know? (Needles at the syringe, at the hedgehog, at the Christmas tree) Well done, how are they similar? Of course, they are sharp, and this can be dangerous. Therefore, how should you handle the needle correctly? (children's answers). Listen to another one riddle: Small head
sits on your finger
Hundreds of eyes
looks in all directions.
Thimble
What is a thimble for? Is it possible to play with him? Why? The thimble protects your fingers while working with the needle.
Finger gymnastics
Tanya, take a needle,
Let's sew a shirt and a T-shirt,
Pants, blouse and dress,
And we will dress the Katya doll. Showing index finger right hand- a needle. Rotate index finger around each finger of the left hand. Repeat with the other hand.
Guess what else is in my chest? I am the most lively worker in the workshop.
I pound as hard as I can - Day after day.
How did you guess? Why is it needed? What is it made of? What types of hammers are there? (Toy, wooden, metal, musical, large, small) Okay, now let’s give your eyes a little rest.
Visual gymnastics
This is not a simple matter -
Swing an ax skillfully Move your gaze up and down
I chop with an ax deftly, close your eyes, open your eyes
This requires some skill. They blink their eyes.
Who saw the ax? What is it for? (Look at the picture). An ax helps chop wood and branches for a fire (Pictures). What parts does it consist of? How should it be handled? Stand up and show me how to use an ax (physical minute).
Listen to another riddle. Whirlwind spinner. I rested my foot on the screw,
The chatterbox lost his peace. (screwdriver)
What is a screwdriver for? What parts does it consist of?
Where the tail rests,
There will be a hole later. (awl) Questions for children.
Well done. You solved a lot of riddles, tell me what they do with a hammer? A needle? Scissors? Saw? A broom? How can all these objects be called in one word? (Tools) . What are they for? tools? Why can't they be played? (Children make a conclusion)
Entertainment scenario for children 4-5 years old. Introducing children to children's musical instruments.
(Presentation of new children's musical instruments)
Program content
Target: draw children's attention to the richness and diverse world of sounds produced by various musical instruments.
Tasks.
Educational:
1. Formation of ideas about musical and noise sounds.
2. Gaining knowledge about musical noise instruments, the history of their creation and sound features.
3. Acquaintance with the techniques of playing noise instruments.
4. Learning and performing Russian folk songs and singing.
5. Learn to distinguish instruments by sound.
6. Reinforce the names of instruments and skills in playing them.
Educational:
1. Development of vocal-choral and rhythmic skills.
2. Development of musical memory, pitch hearing, attention.
3. Acquaintance with the initial skills of playing in an ensemble, introducing children to forms of joint music-making.
4. Development of creative skills (improvisation).
5. Consolidating children’s knowledge about the rattle as a musical instrument, teaching them to play rhythmically, start and finish on time.
6. Develop subtlety and sensitivity of timbre hearing, imagination and visualization in sound creation.
Educational:
1. Fostering interest and love for music, folk musical culture, and the world of beauty.
2. Fostering interest in playing simple musical instruments.
3. Cultivate interest in the various sounds of the surrounding world.
Attributes and equipment:
A collection of rattles, tambourines, tambourines, spoons, bells, metallophones, bells, triangles, rattles, rhythm sticks, maracas, homemade rattles.
Slide show equipment.
Preliminary work
music director:
Selection of repertoire for children and adults, selection of slides for presentation, selection of musical instruments for performance musical pieces in orchestra, arrangement for orchestra musical works.
Work with children:
Introduction to noise musical instruments and metallophone;
Learning how to play them;
Learning the chorus of the song “Rattle”, a dance with rattles, the game “Who’s Faster”, musical pieces for playing children’s musical instruments.
Working with teachers:
Learning the polka “Letka-Enka”, the song “Rattle”.
Working with parents:
Making homemade rattle toys for an exhibition.
Methods and techniques:
game moment, artistic expression, display, conversation, task, explanation, examination, reinforcement, encouragement, summary.
Objectives of integrated educational areas:
"Cognition". Fix the names of musical instruments: maracas, bells, rattle, tambourine, metallophone, rhythmic sticks, triangle.
"Socialization". Form friendly, friendly relationships between children and adults.
"Communication". Fix in the children's dictionary: rectangle, traffic light, signal, crossing, public transport stop. Develop free communication with adults and children.
"Reading fiction." Develop the ability to guess riddles and correlate them with images, read short poems expressively.
Progress of entertainment.
Leading:Everywhere where people live, children play... Probably the most favorite toy for children is a rattle. No baby grows up without a rattle, which serves the child throughout the first year of life. Dried gourds, clay balls with pebbles inside and shells were the first rattles of mankind. The very word “rattle” in Russian comes from “to rattle by the ear.” Many artists loved to depict babies with rattles.
Slide show “Rattle in paintings”
Among the white towels
On a luxurious mattress
Baby lady snoozes
With a rattle in hand.
Exactly a month this lady
Exists among us.
There are four kilograms in it,
This is a diamond girl.
(author of poems Nikolai Oleinikov)
The most fun of all is the toy,
Painted rattle.
Give the crybaby a rattle -
The crybaby will become a laughing one.
This cute toy
Baby girlfriend.
She sings all day long
Doesn't let kids cry.
And in order for rattles to rattle so merrily and amuse the little ones, what kind of bulk materials fill them? (children's answers)
When you were little, you could only rattle with rattles. And now you are older, you can not just rattle, but play them like musical instruments. Show how you can play rattles (children take rattles and stand scattered).
Song "Rattle" music. V. Dobrynina, lyrics. M. Plyatskovsky
(The teacher sings the chorus, the children sing the chorus and play the rattles)
Leading:
How well you sang and played the rattles! Do you want to dance with them?
Dance with rattles
Leading:
What a wonderful musical instrument - a rattle! (draws attention to the exhibition of rattles that children and their parents made with their own hands)
Take a look at our display of rattles. These children and their parents made these rattles themselves, with their own hands! Want to hear what they sound like? Children, play with your rattles for us!
Orchestra of homemade rattles, music. Kukaracha-Kukaracha
Leading:
Did everyone like the sound of these rattles? Let's play with them now!
Game "Who will take the rattle sooner"
Leading:
In addition to rattles, there are many more interesting noise and musical
tools. Try to guess what they are called?..
(after the children answer correctly, the screen appears
slide with a picture of this tool)
1. He plays from the heart
The rhythm is very difficult.
What does it sound like, please tell me quickly?
Fidget... tambourine (slide show “tambourine”)
2. Also plays next to him
Also sonorous... tambourine (slide show “tambourine”)
3. He sits under his cap,
Don't disturb him - he's silent.
You just have to take it in your hands
And rock it a little,
A chime will be heard:
“Dili-don, Dili-don!” bell (slide show “bell”)
4. I look a little like a spatula,
I look a little like an oar
I help the kids eat porridge,
And my sister is a ladle... a spoon (showing the “spoon” slide)
5. At the most fabulous moment
This tool will come in.
Quietly, gently it will ring,
It's like everything is silver.
Any preschooler will recognize
When... triangle plays (slide show "triangle")
6. Here are the metal plates,
There are a lot of them on the board.
From the records that are many,
The road runs off into the distance.
A wonderful ringing is heard.
This is what it sounds like... metallophone (slide show "metallophone")
7. Here the plates are different,
Wooden, large.
How they begin to crack -
You need to cover your ears... ratchet (show the “ratchet” slide)
8. This is not a rattle for you
And not a child's toy.
Makes us all very happy
Wooden ... maracas (slide show "maracas")
9. They beat each other - knock-knock-knock -
And everyone hears the beautiful sound... sticks (slide show “rhythm sticks”)
10. Well done guys rang,
Delete ... bells (slide show “bells”)
Do you guys like all these musical instruments? (children answer)
Our children love it very much
More than any porridge
Spoons, rumbas, triangle,
Maracas, bell.
They also love the metallophone,
Because he is loud.
And also on a tambourine in the morning
Children love to knock...
At this time, mom and dad
I really want to sleep.
And if you put these instruments all together at once?.. Do you want to hear what happens? Grab your tools, guys!
(children take instruments and stand in front of the audience)
Leading:
Admire the orchestra:
The tools are good!
Virtuoso musicians -
These are our babies!
Children: (take turns talking about their instrument)
1. Here is a beautiful, ringing tambourine!
He will not be silent in his hands! (Child plays tambourine)
2. Like friendly palms,
Our spoons are rattling! (Child plays on spoons)
3. And these are sticks,
Knock sticks! (The child knocks with chopsticks)
4. Like a rattle crackling -
Everyone will be surprised today! (Child plays the rattle)
5. Makes a beautiful ringing sound
Our sonorous metallophone! (The child plays glissando on the metallophone)
6. These are the tomboyish brothers,
Bells and bells! (The child rings the bells)
7. Will be here to play for you
Wooden maracas! (Child plays maracas)
8. Let's hit the triangles -
We will bring joy to all guests! (Child plays on a triangle)
9. Dili-don! Dili-don!
You can hear the ringing from all sides!
The bell rings so loudly
Like a stream babbling. (The child rings the bell)
Children in chorus:
We will play together for you,
All you have to do is clap!
Children play in the orchestra. "Moscow square dance"
Leading:
Well done, guys! (addresses the guests) Did you like how our children play? In our kindergarten, not only children, but also adults love to play musical instruments.
Listen to their performance of a Finnish polka called “Letka-Enka”.
Teachers perform the “Letka-Enka” polka.
Leading:
That's how much fun we had this evening! Do you want to learn how to make some other instrument? Fine! Next time we will make bells with you. And now it's time for us to say goodbye. Let's say to the guests: “Goodbye, see you again”!
(children say goodbye and go to the group)
There are many different possibilities for using such musical instruments in preschool institutions: individual music playing during leisure hours, and collective performance in a children's orchestra.
The teacher strives, first of all, to encourage children to independently practice music with the help of instruments. Children learn to play familiar songs, improvise simple rhythms or individual intonations, select familiar melodies by ear, play “musical echo,” sing and play along with themselves, etc.
In addition, some tool toys are used as visual teaching aids. They help the teacher develop the musical and sensory abilities of preschoolers and introduce them to individual elements musical literacy. Depending on the method of sound production and the nature of the sound, children's musical toys and musical instruments can be grouped into certain types.
Silent. These toys only represent musical instruments, such as a piano with a mute keyboard. Sounding: 1. Tool toys with sound of indefinite pitch: rattles, tambourines, drums, castanets, triangles.
2. Toy instruments that produce sound of only one pitch, with which you can reproduce different rhythms - pipes, pipes, horns.
3. Toys with a fixed melody: organs, music boxes, music boxes; When playing on them, children's actions are only mechanical in nature.
4. Toy instruments with a diatonic or chromatic scale: metallophones, pianos, grand pianos, clarinets.
There is a certain classification of all musical instruments: they are divided into strings, winds and percussion.
Children, playing instruments, satisfy their individual needs, interests and get used to acting in a team in a coordinated manner.
Different groups of instruments require mastering playing techniques of varying degrees of difficulty. Therefore, participants in the orchestra should be given differentiated tasks, taking into account their individual capabilities. In the process of learning, a person develops auditory concepts, a sense of rhythm, timbre, dynamics, develops independence in action, organizes attention, as well as develops self-control, perseverance, etc. strong-willed qualities. In addition, playing the dmi brings a certain amount of information, introduces the timbre sound, the special arrangement of the keys, and methods of sound production.
8.Methods and techniques for introducing preschool children to playing children's musical instruments.
Playing musical instruments- one of the types of children's performance. The use of children's musical instruments and toys (in the classroom and in Everyday life) enriches children's musical experiences and develops their musical abilities.
The forms of work on teaching children musical instruments are different: individual lessons, lessons with ensemble and orchestra.
Playing percussion musical instruments that do not have a scale helps develop a sense of rhythm and expands children's timbre perceptions. Melodic musical instruments develop all three basic musical abilities: modal sense, musical-auditory perception and sense of rhythm.
Children's acquaintance with musical instruments begins at an early age. The teacher strives to give the children their first musical impressions in an entertaining and playful way. When children begin to walk and are able to march to music, the teacher can accompany the sound of the march by playing a tambourine or drum to emphasize the rhythm and diversify the sound. Running can be accompanied by playing with wooden sticks, spoons, and a bell.
As children begin to feel and reproduce the rhythm of music in their movements (walking, clapping), they are instructed to play these instruments themselves. First, the adult helps the children keep in time with the music (rattle a rattle, knock on a tambourine, shake a bell), then their actions become more and more independent. Training begins with a group of percussion instruments that do not have a scale. Classes are conducted with small groups of children and individually.
In the second junior group Children can already play a tambourine, wooden spoons, cubes, rattles, drums, and bells. At this age they become familiar with the metallophone. It is important to draw their attention to the expressive timbre of each instrument. You can use figurative comparisons, characteristics: gentle (bell), ringing (metallophone), clear, knocking (drum). Useful to use didactic games to help children distinguish the timbres of musical instruments.
In the middle group For the first time, they begin to teach children to play musical instruments that have a scale. The metallophone is most convenient for this. The techniques for playing the glockenspiel are quite simple. Children are taught sound production techniques: hold the hammer correctly, direct the blow to the middle of the plate.
Techniques: the technique of subtexting durations is effective (quarters are indicated by the syllable ta-ta, and eighths ti-ti), clapping technique rhythmic pattern.
There are several ways to learn to play melodic musical instruments: by notes, by color or digital symbols, by ear.
Teaching children notes very labor intensive. Not all preschoolers master musical notation. It is important that children understand the connection between the location of notes on the staff and their sound in the melody.
Color system convenient for children to quickly master playing instruments. A color designation (colored keys, metallophone plates) is assigned to each sound.
This is how children are taught play by numbers, pasted near each metallophone plate.
Both methods of teaching children (using color and number symbols) make it easy and quick to get the desired result, but do not have a developmental effect.
The greatest developmental effect of learning is achieved only by playing by ear. This method requires constant development of hearing (listening to the sounds of a melody, comparing them, distinguishing them by pitch). Use teaching aids that model the up and down movements of the melody. This is a musical ladder moving from flower to flower, butterfly, etc. You can show with your hand the movement of the sounds of a melody while simultaneously playing it.
In senior and in preparatory school groups, the range of songs is expanding. Children are already better oriented in the location of the sounds of a melody and act more independently. After the metallophone is mastered, children are taught to play other melodic instruments - strings, wind instruments, keyboards and reeds.
Thus, learning to play musical instruments includes three stages: on the first– children listen to and remember melodies, sing them, become familiar with playing techniques; on the second- select songs, on the third- perform them at will
Children's music playing opens up a child's Magic world musical sounds, helps to immerse yourself in the melodic beauty of the sound of instruments and awaken creative initiative. It is important to develop in a child everything valuable that nature has so generously endowed him with, creating a favorable environment for the formation musical culture, based on the innate abilities of the child, revealing and improving the inclinations and inclinations inherent in him.
Goals of conducting classes on musical instruments in kindergarten, specific tasks and techniques
Aesthetic pleasure obtained from playing different games different instruments, accompanying creative and active games help expand the range of musical impressions, personal development child, stimulate creative activity, develop thinking, attention, memory and volitional qualities. This is why it is so important to work on musical education carry out systematically and purposefully, carefully studying teaching methods and techniques.
Any instrument is easy to play: you just need to touch the right key at the right moment, and the instrument will sound itself.
J. S. Bach
Goals and objectives of classes, methodological techniques relevant for different groups
Goals: development of musical and creative abilities, nurturing a love of music and artistic taste.
- develop rhythmic hearing;
- introduce the classification and sound of musical instruments;
- teach playing the simplest drums, noise, plucked string instruments.
General teaching techniques:
- verbal:
- educational conversation;
- practical explanations;
- leading and problematic questions;
- puzzles;
- poems;
- visual:
- demonstration and examination of tools;
- discussion of thematic illustrations;
- showing ways and techniques of the game;
- practical:
- children’s reproduction of techniques for playing various musical instruments;
- improving acquired skills;
- production of musical instruments and playing aids from scrap and scrap materials;
- gaming:
- didactic games;
- outdoor musical games.
Video: game “Happy Tambourine”
https://youtube.com/watch?v=a4sHFYCQQB4 Video can’t be loaded: Musical and didactic game “Cheerful Tambourine” (https://youtube.com/watch?v=a4sHFYCQQB4)
Music lessons involve competent alternation of frontal, group, and individual formats of teacher work with children. This approach allows children to become more deeply acquainted with expressive possibilities each instrument, stimulates interest in music-making, creative improvisation, and awakens inspiration for writing.
Methodological techniques for working with different age groups
Each age period has its own characteristics and requires its own pedagogical approach. The methodological recommendations also differ.
Age: 2–3 years (first junior group)
Gaming techniques: children become familiar with musical instruments while playing out a surprise situation. For example, a bear brought a bag with some amazing objects (pipes, rattles, drums, cubes), the kids examine the instruments and try to make sounds. Then under musical accompaniment They perform rhythmic movements of varying strengths with a rattle, allowing them to achieve either quiet or loud sounds. The lesson turns into a little research, learning new things, and gives you your discoveries. This creates an atmosphere of relaxed joyful surprise and pleasure from communicating with music. At the next lesson, communication with the forest friend continues, the clumsy bear offers to dance with him to the sound of a tambourine. Kids will be happy to imitate their favorite hero, moving slowly from foot to foot, waddling and trying to follow the rhythmic pattern of dance movements. Through play activities, children also learn:
- distinguish the sounds of different musical instruments;
- identify sounds by height;
- develop a sense of rhythm.
Age: 4 years
Children of the fourth year of life are additionally familiar with the musical hammer and metallophone, and happily take part in rhythm games with tools. For example, children are asked to convey the accelerating or decelerating sound of the wheels of a moving train or the clatter of hooves of a running horse. In gaming didactic tasks Children of this age can, without much difficulty:
- reproduce a fast and slow sound rhythm on one instrument (a nimble bunny jumps quickly, a large clumsy elephant walks slowly and heavily);
- distinguish between high and low sounds of a bell;
- convey the elementary rhythmic pattern of the melody;
- recognize a musical instrument known to them by its “voice”.
Children of middle preschool age master the art of playing the metallophone
Age: 5 years
Children of this age master the art of playing the metallophone. This tool helps develop ear for music, a sense of rhythm, as well as musical memory. The teacher pays great attention to demonstration and simultaneous explanation correct position body, hand movements. The initial acquaintance with the technique of playing the glockenspiel occurs during a lesson, and training and consolidation of skills continues during individual communication with children - for example, when a child is asked to depict a rhythmic pattern own name with simultaneous voice guidance. To accurately depict the rhythm, the teacher suggests first clapping and then reproducing the rhythmic pattern on a tambourine or musical hammers. Great importance acquire the reproduction of a melodic line, adherence to tempo, and coherence of movements.
Playing plucked string instruments also develops fine motor skills.
Age: 6 years
Children get acquainted with new and quite complex plucked string instruments (harp, zither, gusli) and keyboard instruments (accordion, button accordion). Mastering the skill of playing the zither is carried out in individual form. Didactic games with a musical orientation, which awaken children's fantasy and imagination and develop sensory abilities, acquire the greatest importance. In the second half of the year, children begin to master musical literacy. Studying stave and the names of notes pass through game situations that evoke live emotional response and cognitive interest; poems, songs, and fairy tales are actively used.
Stages of getting to know musical instruments
Game techniques:
- Junior preschool age:
- rattle: hitting the palm of the hand or a hard horizontal surface (table, floor) with an instrument; shaking;
- tambourine: the instrument is fixed in one hand, a blow is struck with the palm or fist of the other hand; shaking;
- bells: the instrument is held in a vertical position, struck with a stick, pushed with a finger or shaken freely;
- drum: synchronous, alternating rhythmic beats with sticks or roll;
- wooden spoons: “palm” technique, hitting the “heel” with the “heel”;
- metallophone: confidently driving a hammer in the air, hitting one plate with a rebound.
- Middle preschool age:
- tambourine: new trick- strike with fingertips;
- metallophone: practicing the glissando technique (slow sliding from sound to sound);
- spoons: a new technique - “pancakes” (alternate blows on the “heel” of the left spoon, then on the “heel” of the right spoon).
- Senior preschool age:
- glockenspiel:
- freely unfolding the hand, perform the “blow-rebound” technique;
- achieve the correct movement of the hammer up and down;
- learn to convey a sound rhythmic pattern by tapping;
- xylophone, rumba: “Bourdon” technique (continuous sound);
- familiarization with the techniques of playing percussion and noise instruments:
- beaters,
- maracas,
- castanets,
- bells.
- glockenspiel:
Video: concert number (middle and senior preschool age)
https://youtube.com/watch?v=1T9Dj1qA5rY Video can’t be loaded: Kindergarten. Playing musical instruments. (https://youtube.com/watch?v=1T9Dj1qA5rY)
Organizing a lesson on learning musical instruments
Lesson structure:
- Introductory, motivational part:
- musical greeting,
- watching a presentation video,
- educational conversation,
- discussion of the topic.
- Main part:
- creative tasks and exercises,
- playing children's musical instruments,
- musical and didactic games.
- Final part:
- final conversation between the teacher and the children,
- gratitude for the active work and interest shown in the lesson.
Interest in playing music will be helped to awaken by the professional approach and personal imagination of the teacher, who, to activate creative potential can use his students in their work:
- poems;
- puzzles;
- games;
- costume performances;
- demonstration of illustrations;
- listening to a fragment of a piece of music;
- viewing multimedia presentations, videos or animated films.
The teacher’s thoughtful approach to organizing classes, comprehensive preliminary preparation will create an informal, lively atmosphere, increase interest and emotional return children.
Table: ideas for the introductory part of the lesson
| Lesson topic | Contents of the introductory part |
| “Journey with Emelya to a musical fairyland” | Emelya appears to the sounds of a Russian folk dance melody. Emelya: Hello, guys, I really love traveling around the world on my stove, I invite you to join me and go on a long journey! Educator: Emelya, we gladly accept your invitation, but first guess our riddle (reads the riddle about the spoon). Emelya: This is a spoon, wow, how did I not guess it myself? That’s right, before a long magical journey it wouldn’t hurt to have a thorough meal, and I love to eat! Educator: Emelya, this is not just a spoon, but a folk musical instrument. Emelya: How is that? For teapots and jugs? Educator: No, of course, the performer hits the spoon on the spoon, like this. Emelya: This is all very interesting, but what does this have to do with our plans? Educator: Guys, let's show our guest a hint. (Children perform a folk melody on spoons) Emelya: I understand, a journey awaits us to the amazing country of Russian folk instruments! |
| "City of Music Masters" | The teacher invites the children to go on a magical journey, the kids look at the map of the fairy-tale kingdom, find on it an image of a musical key, which symbolizes the city of musical instrument makers. Swing magic wand transports children into a fairy-tale reality. Imagination helps to imagine a city in which there are many beautiful houses, but the city square is empty, the city is deserted, as if enchanted. You need to solve riddles, complete exercises and guess which instruments (spoons, tambourine, rattle, etc.) the residents are masters of. Then perform a melody, dance, sing, then the city will come to life, filled with cheerful laughter, the sound of musical instruments, songs and dances. |
| “We’ll invite the violin to visit” | A violin teacher from a children's music school is invited to attend a lesson. A piece is performed by a professional musician that opens up an acquaintance with the amazing beautiful instrument. The music teacher’s story is accompanied by a demonstration of a real instrument: “Look at the flexible body of the violin, the thin, graceful waist. The part of the instrument that ends in a curl is called the neck; strings are stretched across it, and sound is produced from contact with the strings. The beautiful lingering sound of a violin depends on the bow. Touch the bow and you will see that the reed is stretched with real, fine horsehair. Now pluck the string with your fingers and hear a dull, short sound. Only the bow helps the violin truly sing in a drawn-out and gentle voice. Try to move the bow along the string, hear, the violin seems to speak.” |
| "Land of Musical Instruments" | The teacher tells the children that a swallow flew into the open window and brought a letter. Text of the letter: “Dear guys, I know that you really love listening to music, singing and dancing. The Queen of our Country of Musical Instruments invites you to visit. Flute Girl." The children decide to accept the invitation and are about to set off, but then Pinocchio runs into the room, sings a song and is very out of tune. The teacher invites the children to take Pinocchio with them so that he learns to sing and gets acquainted with musical instruments. Children move to the music, tapping the rhythm using rattles. |
Video: introduction to musical instruments (GCD - directed educational activity, middle group, author I. V. Tyarina)
https://youtube.com/watch?v=zleT8AEcs4s Video can’t be loaded: GCD “Introduction to musical instruments” different countries"(https://youtube.com/watch?v=zleT8AEcs4s)
Topics for developmental conversation:
- “Is it possible to live without music?”
- "Keyboard City"
- "Visiting the wind instruments"
- “Secrets and mysteries of Russian folk instruments”
Stories about different instruments for the introductory part of a music lesson
You can also use information and communication technologies (ICT), supplementing the text with records of the relevant tool and pictures:
- From the first moments of life, a person is surrounded by sounds. In the natural world, music is everywhere. Listen - and you will hear the melody of birds singing, rustling autumn leaves underfoot, rolling noise sea wave, the quiet breath of the spring breeze, the chirping of cicadas on a hot summer day. Music surrounds us everywhere, we just need to learn to hear it. People have come up with many different tools, invented special musical writing, with the help of notes we learned to write down melodies. Today we will touch amazing world musical instruments.
Music is everywhere in the natural world
- Percussion instruments are a loud, boisterous group of instruments. Its most famous, powerful and important participant is the drum. Guys, why do you think the drum is round and not triangular? (Only a circle allows you to achieve the necessary tension force on the skin). With the help of sticks you can get sounds of different strengths - from the rustle of light steps to a menacing rumble. Drumming is the most difficult performing technique and requires real virtuoso skill from the musician.
Percussion instruments are the loudest, noisiest team of instruments
- The family of wind instruments (brass) leads the parade processions, being a welcome participant in special events: the jubilant voices of brilliant beauties (trumpet, flute, saxophone) perform melodies in honor of the winners of sports competitions, and welcome the most dear and important guests. Perhaps the name is due to the fact that the magical sounds that delight listeners will be produced only by those musicians who put their soul into playing.
The family of wind instruments (brass) leads the parade processions, a welcome participant in special events
- The community of string instruments (violin, guitar, cello) has always been very loved by even the most demanding and strict public due to its gentle and soft sound. In their shape, these instruments are very reminiscent human body, sounds are produced with a bow or the pads of the fingertips. Stringed instruments occupy the most important places in a symphony orchestra - in front of the conductor and audience.
In their shape, these instruments are very reminiscent of the human body; sounds are produced with a bow or the pads of the fingertips.
Video: “How keyboard and wind musical instruments sound” (cartoon)
Musical and didactic games for younger groups
Options for play exercises and tasks for children aged two to four years:
- playing to the soundtrack of any popular children's song, tapping “to the beat”;
- sound accompaniment to poems;
- sound pictures on the proposed topic (for example, depict a natural phenomenon - rain, wind noise, snowfall);
- fairy-tale story in sound (onomatopoeia for fairy-tale characters).
"The Story of Baby Squirrels"
In the fall, baby squirrels ran along forest paths, diligently collecting mushrooms and nuts for the winter (drum your fingers). But then fluffy white snowflakes began to quietly fall to the ground (metallophone), gradually they wrapped the chilled earth in a beautiful snow-white blanket, on which traces of nimble squirrels became noticeable (triangle). In their cozy and warm tree houses, the baby squirrels gnawed nuts (spoons). The warmth of their houses was kept by a rug of dry leaves (with the rustling noise of noise instruments). And it was cold outside, an icy wind was blowing (flute).
"In the clearing"
Forest animals have come running to a sunny clearing to bask - a variety of music sounds, conveying images of animals: a slowly waddling bear, a quickly jumping bunny, a cautiously sneaking fox. Kids need to guess who is who and show them in motion and sound.
Kids need to depict the image of an animal in movement and sound.
"Droplets and Rays"
Children listen carefully to music depicting the sound of rain. Kids need to clap the rain and convey the smooth movements of gentle rays of sunshine on a musical instrument. Children independently choose the appropriate instrument and come up with dance moves.
"Musical Flowers"
A game to recognize the character of a melody.
The pictures are on the table. Children listen to the soundtrack, take turns determining the nature of the music, choosing the appropriate flower and showing it.
Each child has one flower; if a melody sounds that matches the mood of his flower’s face, then the child picks up his card.
The middle of the flower depicts options for emotional states
The middle of the flower depicts variants of the emotional state:
- gentle, affectionate, calm, pacifying;
- sad, melancholy, melancholic;
- perky, joyful, mischievous.
Games for middle and high school age
Middle and senior preschool age Children can already cope with more complex tasks.
"Rhythmic Ornaments"
The game develops the idea of high and low, long and short, smooth and sharp sounds. Didactic material: pictures from graphic image rhythmic pattern.
The game develops the idea of high and low, long and short, smooth and sharp sounds.
Children are invited to clap, play on instruments, show using their voice or plastic movements musical drawing, shown on the card.
"Rhythmic fence"
The game reinforces the concept of a strong beat and develops a sense of rhythm. The teacher claps melodies of different genres (polka, waltz, march) with an emphasis on the downbeat, showing the corresponding card.
The game reinforces the concept of a strong beat and develops a sense of rhythm.
"Pick a picture"
Concept reinforcement exercise musical tempo. Children listen to a piece of music, determine the tempo (fast, slow, very fast, very slow) and choose a picture of an animal whose character and temperament corresponds to the musical tempo.
Exercise to reinforce the concept of musical tempo
"Guess the musical instrument"
Musical fragments performed by a musical instrument are heard, children recognize it by sound and point to the corresponding card.
Children recognize an instrument by its sound and point to the corresponding card.
"Magic Screen"
The game expands your musical horizons, develops memory and attention. Children must recognize the song, remember the name, choose a picture depicting an episode from popular cartoon. Based on the picture, the child identifies the cartoon, remembers and sings the song.
Based on the picture, the child identifies the cartoon, remembers and sings the song.
"Loto for little musicians"
The game trains your pitch hearing abilities. It uses two groups of cards:
The child chooses an instrument and performs a melody ascending, descending, or on one sound: up from first to fifth, down from fifth to first, on one ruler.
"The Fourth Wheel"
The game reinforces knowledge about percussion, strings, wind and keyboard instruments. The child is offered a sheet with images of 4 musical instruments, where three belong to the same type, and the fourth does not. The child covers a picture that falls out of the logical series with a card.
The violin does not belong to the group of keyboards
"Musician Cube"
To play you will need a dice big size, it can be made from a packaging box or from an element of a modular construction set; images of children's musical instruments are glued to the edge of the cube. The cube should be light and attractive. The players throw it around in a circle to the accompaniment of music, the music stops, and the children stop playing. The child, who has a cube in his hands, names the instrument drawn on the top edge, approaches the table, takes the corresponding musical instrument and plays a melody, repeating the rhythmic pattern after the teacher.
The child names the instrument drawn on the top edge, approaches the table, takes the corresponding musical instrument and plays a melody
"Ladder"
Items for play: a five-step ladder made from elements of a building set, toys, children's musical instruments. The first player plays a melody, the second player determines the direction of the sound movement and moves the toy to the top step, bottom, or leaves it on the same step.
The player determines the direction of the sound movement of the melody and moves the toy along the steps
Video: playing musical instruments (senior group)
https://youtube.com/watch?v=oAiU61VA-LM Video can’t be loaded: “What makes noise and what sounds, or we play children’s musical instruments” (https://youtube.com/watch?v=oAiU61VA-LM)
Table: riddles about musical instruments
| Mystery | Answer |
| Here are the keys, like on a piano, But for them to play, So that the song is not bad, The furs need to be stretched. |
Accordion |
| Three strings, plays loudly That instrument is the “cocked hat”. Find out quickly What is this? |
Balalaika |
| It's easy to go hiking with me, It's fun with me on the way, And I'm a screamer, and I'm a brawler, I am loud, round... |
Drum |
| He has a pleated shirt He loves to dance in a squat position, He dances and sings - If you get your hands on it. Forty buttons on it With pearlescent fire. A merry fellow, not a brawler Our vociferous... |
Accordion |
| The string rings, she sings, And the song is heard by everyone. Six strings play anything And that instrument is always fashionable. He will never get old. We call that instrument... |
Guitar |
| Carved in the forest Smoothly hewn Sings and pours out. What is the name of? |
Dudochka |
| musical instrument, He is a brass He has a single cane, So handsome. And more graceful than him, Apparently not in music. Does everyone understand what I mean? This… |
Clarinet |
| They eat soup at lunch, By evening they will “talk” Wooden girls Musical sisters. Play a little too On beautiful bright... |
Spoons |
| He looks like a rattle Only this is not a toy! |
Maraca |
| Loved music very much Two sisters, Natasha and Nina, And that's why we bought it They are very... |
Piano |
| The smooth movements of the bow make the strings tremble, The tune murmurs from afar, sings about the lunar wind. How clear the sounds are overflowing, there is joy and a smile in them. A dreamy tune sounds and is played... |
Violin |
| They are made of copper. You need to wave your hands in time, Strike loudly, then rest. Their party is not a trifle, not a trifle, In music there are also... |
Dishes |
| Performed at the concert Our dear Tatiana, Like a star she played A whole hour for... |
Piano |
Video: musical and didactic game “Guess the musical instrument”
https://youtube.com/watch?v=I6dkLxSrPX8 Video can’t be loaded: MDI Guess the musical instrument (https://youtube.com/watch?v=I6dkLxSrPX8)
Project development algorithm
A creative project for acquaintance with musical instruments is a combined and expanded version of the implementation of cognitive and creative activities, combining several multidirectional artistic, aesthetic and practical activities ( musical development, fiction, drawing, applique, making children's musical instruments, concert performances etc.) having a common theme.
Types of projects:
- short-term - from one lesson to one week;
- long-term - from a month to a year.
Project development algorithm:
- preparatory work;
- main part;
- final stage.
Directions and forms of implementation:
- intellectual and cognitive development:
- educational conversations with parents and students;
- quizzes and musical-didactic games;
- hometasks;
- demonstration material and visual aids(presentation games, information stands, moving folders, music museum or corner, albums, exhibition of children's drawings, etc.);
- festive musical and theatrical events;
- excursions, visits to museum exhibitions and concerts;
- educational games (musical and didactic, artistic, role-playing).
- practical activities in the manufacture of musical instruments;
- verbal techniques aimed at activating attention and developing memory (poems, tongue twisters, riddles, folklore materials, fairy tales);
- costumed musical entertainment, concert, music room (with the participation of a music worker).
Table: musical project “Russian Miracle Instruments”
| Name | Russian miracle instruments |
| Characteristic | Long-term project in the preparatory group |
| Goals | Create conditions for expanding and enriching children's knowledge about the history of the origin of Russian folk instruments, fostering love and respect for Russian folk culture. |
| Tasks |
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| Participants |
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| Content | Project implementation stages:
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Table: musical project “Russian folk instruments”, author E. A. Glushko
| Name | Russian folk musical instruments, author E. A. Glushko |
| Characteristic | Short-term project in the senior group |
| Goals | Introducing preschool children to Russian folk culture, its historical origins, which contribute to their musical and general cultural development. |
| Tasks |
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| Participants |
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| Content | Project implementation stages:
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Video: Music Day in kindergarten
https://youtube.com/watch?v=j1s5BcbkqNg Video can’t be loaded: Lesson on playing musical instruments. Music Day in Päikseke kindergarten. (https://youtube.com/watch?v=j1s5BcbkqNg)
DIY children's musical instruments
These crafts are easy and simple to make with your children.
Maracas “Herringbone” and “Flower”, “Noisemaker” from a box
Materials and tools:
- a large bottle of children's champagne,
- a smaller juice bottle,
- box,
- sets of colored and corrugated paper,
- standard size sheet of paper
- markers,
- simple pencil,
- scissors,
- PVA glue,
- cereals, peas, salt.
For noise musical instruments you need containers, filler and paper for covering.
Step-by-step instruction:
- Prepare a long strip of colored corrugated paper four to five centimeters wide, apply glue and decorate the body of the juice bottle.
Prepare a long strip of colored corrugated paper four to five centimeters wide, apply glue and decorate the body of the juice bottle
- Cut ribbons of two colors with a width of 8 and 10 cm from corrugated paper, the length depends on the diameter of the bottles. Cut strips on one side of the tape.
Cut strips of corrugated paper in two colors 8 and 10 cm wide
- Apply a bead of glue along the edge of the wide strip and glue a narrow strip of a different color to it.
Apply a strip of glue along the edge of the wide strip and glue a narrow strip of a different color to it
- Prepare another strip for the neck about six centimeters wide and make cuts in the same way.
Prepare another strip for the neck about six centimeters wide and make cuts in the same way
- Cover the body of a large bottle, starting from the base, and cover the neck in a spiral motion.
Cover the main part of the body of the bottle, starting from the base, and cover the neck in a spiral motion.
- On A4 paper, draw a circle of thirteen to fourteen centimeters (using a compass or tracing a ready-made template).
On A-4 paper, draw a circle of thirteen to fourteen centimeters (using a compass or tracing a ready-made template)
- Divide the circle into eight parts, rounding the edges of the inner triangles into the shape of petals.
Divide the circle into eight parts, rounding the edges of the inner triangles into petal shapes
- Cut out the flower, draw a round center according to the size of the neck and make cuts along the lines.
Cut out the flower, draw a round center according to the size of the neck and make cuts along the lines
- Draw two blanks with colored pencils or felt-tip pens (optional).
Draw two blanks with felt-tip pens or colored pencils
- Place the blanks on the neck of the bottle and pour the noise material into the bottles.
Place the blanks on the neck of the bottle, pour the cereal into the bottles
- Prepare bright colored strips three to five centimeters wide and two squares, cover the box; We do not seal one of the back sides; we leave the opportunity to pour the cereal into the box. Pour the filler into the box.
Prepare bright colored strips three to five centimeters wide and two squares, cover the box
- Screw on the lids and seal the box: musical toys ready!
Musical toys are ready
Instructions:
- Cover mayonnaise jars with colored paper blanks.
- Thread bright ribbons into the side holes.
Cover the mayonnaise jars with blanks of colored paper, thread bright ribbons into the side holes, the tool is ready
Instructions:
- Prepare clean plastic round food boxes.
- Insert bells along the edge.
- Decorate with pictures.
Prepare clean plastic round food boxes, insert bells along the edges, decorate with pictures
"Naughty Rattles"
Light plastic bottles, boxes of gels, shampoos, yoghurts, etc., filled one-third with noise material, such as cereal or peas, are suitable as a base. The vessels can be covered with colored paper, faces can be painted on, etc.
Plastic bottles, boxes of gels, shampoos, yoghurts are filled one third with different noise materials
Instructions:
- A spiral twisted from foil is inserted into the food foil tube.
- Any noise filler is poured.
- Both ends of the tool are sealed.
A spiral twisted from foil is inserted into a tube of food foil, any noise filler is poured in, and both ends of the tool are sealed.
"Gorodets Ratchet"
Step-by-step instruction:
- Cut rectangular pieces of equal size from chipboard and tint using acrylic paints.
Cut rectangular pieces of equal size from chipboard and tint using acrylic paints
- Wait for the paint to dry, paint on each piece with a simple pencil sketch of a decorative ornament in the style of Gorodets painting.
draw on each blank with a simple pencil a sketch of a decorative ornament in the style of Gorodets painting
- Carefully paint the petals.
Carefully paint the petals
- Paint the flowers and circles red.
Paint the flowers and circles red
- Add blue circles.
Add blue circles
- Supplement the ornament with decorative elements.
Supplement the ornament with decorative elements
- Drill a hole in each piece, coat the parts of the product with varnish, and wait until completely dry. Connect all the parts with colored tape.
Drill a hole in each workpiece, connect all parts with colored tape
Photo gallery: homemade children's musical instruments
Jar, with plastic lids on both sides Drums made of tin cans Tin boxes decorated with burst balls stretched to the bottom Gusli (lid from shoe box and colored rubber bands) Castanets made from lids Bells on a cardboard tube Bells attached to a wide elastic band Sticks with noise filling, bells on bracelets Pipe pipes made from straws Tambourine (embroidery hoop and metal bottle caps)
For preschoolers, due to their age, it is difficult to organize a visit to a conservatory or a symphony orchestra performance in the present concert hall. But in a fascinating, lively, game form You can introduce kids to the world of musical instruments, even try to experiment and make the most unexpected musical toys with them from scrap materials. Thus, already in preschool age, the child will have an idea of the main groups of instruments, the features of their structure and sound, which will expand their general musical knowledge and develop a general artistic culture.
44 years old. Higher Teacher Education, specialty: history and law, graduate school. Work experience in higher school- 22 years old. Sphere professional activity- holding lectures and seminars, educational, methodological and scientific work (there are scientific publications).
Music lesson notes
(preparatory group)
"In the world of musical instruments"
Summary of direct educational activities in music for children in the preparatory group.
Target:
Consolidation, formation and development musical abilities children, allowing them to apply the acquired knowledge in playing various children's musical instruments and in creative endeavors (necessary for learning to play musical instruments).
Tasks:
Educational:
Consolidate and systematize knowledge on the classification of musical instruments.
enrich lexicon musical terms.
To develop the ability to identify musical instruments by sound; sing consistently and expressively, conveying the character of the song in singing.
Developmental:
Develop musical and creative abilities through various types musical activity.
Educational:
To develop communication skills, interest in musical instruments and the desire to play them.
Integration:
Physical Culture.
Socialization.
Reading fiction.
Communication.
Equipment:
Multimedia installation for viewing slides.
Musical instruments: drum, rattle, spoons, tambourine, maracas, bell; homemade tools (boots - walkers).
Visual aid: tables - houses for placing pictures of musical instruments.
Children enter the music room.
E. Grieg's "Morning" from the suite "Peer Gynt" sounds
Musical director (greeting) Hello guys!
The children return the greeting.
Musical director. Guys, today we will go to unusual country. There is no such country on any of the geographical maps, but it exists where they love music. This is the Land of Musical Instruments. And we will go to this country in walking boots. Put them on quickly.
Children put on their feet “walking boots” made from Kinder Surprise.
Musical director. Well, are you ready to hit the road? Let's go!
Let's walk together in step,
A vigorous march will help us!
The “March” of music sounds. F. Nadenenko. (I part march)
Here we are running on our toes.
The “March” of music sounds. F. Nadenenko. (II hour running)
Musical director. Guys, here we are. Look how beautiful our country of musical instruments is. How many different musical instruments are there (we list them). They are all so different, but they can still be combined into four main groups. What are these groups called?
Children classify musical instruments into groups: drums, winds, strings, keyboards.
Musical director: Well done, guys! The musical instruments were preparing to meet you, but they were so excited and fussed that everyone got confused. Now you and I must help them find their houses. Shall we help?
The teacher shows the houses to the children.
Everyone on earth has a home.
It's good and fun and cozy in it.
The dog has a kennel, the fox has a hole,
The owl has a hollow, the robin has a nest.
Well, musical instruments live in these houses.
The first ones we will help will be percussion musical instruments, because they were the first to appear on Earth, and are the simplest and most unpretentious. The game “Musical Guess” will help us put them in place.
Game "Musical Guess"
The teacher asks children riddles about musical instruments.
Who in the orchestra will help you,
He can knock on a complex rhythm.
Any rhythm, from different countries.
Well, of course…………….(Drum)
The child who has guessed the riddle attaches a picture of a drum to a cell of the house table.
Musical director: In ancient times, the drum was made from the skins of animals obtained by hunting, and it had important in people's lives. They used it, for example, as a telephone, in order to transmit information over long distances, or to warn their neighbors who lived very far away about the danger.
Wooden chips,
Knock a little.
You can slurp cabbage soup with them,
Or you can play “The Lady”. (Wooden spoons)
Children place a card with a picture of wooden spoons in a table cell.
The palm knocks on it,
Shakes freely.
And it rings and thunders.
It doesn't hurt him at all. (Tambourine)
Children place a card with a picture of a tambourine in a table cell.
Take me in your palms.
Wooden, mischievous. (Ratchet)
A card with a picture of a ratchet is placed in a table cell.
Musical director: The rattle not only sang along with the tambourine and spoons on folk holidays, but also protected the garden from pests. It crackled loudly in the wind and scared away crows and rooks.
Take it in your palm
A chime will be heard.
Ding-ding-ding, dong-dong-dong,
Whose is this ringing? (Bell)
A card with a picture of a bell is placed in the table.
He looks like a rattle
Only this is not a toy!.. (Maracas)
A card with a picture of a maracas is placed in a table cell.
Musical director: Guys, our percussion instruments are not only cheerful musicians, but also skilled storytellers. Let's tell our guests the Russian folk tale "Turnip" together with them.
Children use percussion instruments to voice the fairy tale “Turnip”.
Fairy tale "Turnip".
The “storyteller” (teacher or child) tells a fairy tale, and the children dramatize it.
Grandfather (walks heavily, limps) - drum, slow pace, rhythmic pattern with pauses.
Grandmother (walks quickly and minces) - rattle, rhythmic pattern is calmer, moderate tempo.
Granddaughter (jopping) - tambourine, rhythmic pattern consists of eighths and quarters, fast tempo.
Bug (runs and barks loudly) - spoons.
Cat (takes its time and purrs) – maracas, rhythmic pattern with eighth notes, fast tempo.
Mouse (hurries and looks around) - bell, rhythmic pattern with eighth durations.
Musical director: We told you such an interesting tale along with the instruments. Guys, wind musical instruments have also prepared a game for you. The game is called "Guess who's singing?" First of all, let's remember what wind instruments we met in previous lessons?
Children list the wind instruments that they became acquainted with in previous lessons: flute, trumpet, saxophone, pity.
Musical director: Wind instruments They will take turns singing for you, and you must find out which instrument sang for you?
Game "Guess who's singing?"
The teacher gives the children to listen to phonograms of the sounds of various wind instruments. Children, having recognized this instrument, find a card with its image and fix it in a cell of the table - the house.
Musical director: Guys, look at our wonderful houses. Two are already occupied. The instruments were comfortably placed in their windows. This shows that you listened very carefully in previous lessons and you have many friends who are musical instruments.
An excerpt from Vivaldi's violin concerto is played.
Musical director:
Smooth bow movements
The strings make you tremble.
The motive sounds from afar,
Sings about a moonlit evening.
How clear the sounds are overflowing.
There is joy and a smile in them.
It sounds like a dreamy tune
Its name is violin!
It's time, guys, to talk about string instruments. String instruments have prepared colorful slides for us, telling us about their diversity.
Every violin has a bow.
He is a loyal, devoted friend.
When the violinist moves his bow
And the violin cries and sings.
"Harp - magic instrument» -
Said the thoughtful poet.
As soon as the hands touch the strings -
And gentle sounds will flow.
Guitars sounds by the fire.
There is so much light and goodness in them.
Like my deepest friend,
Her melodious, gentle sound.
Under the gusli ringing tunes
Young men and maidens fell in love.
At weddings the harp was sung,
And the young were blessed
Louder than a balalaika
Not in the whole world.
She is originally Russian
Folk instrument.
They sang and danced to it
And they were sad and sighed
On holidays, the buffoons had fun with gasps
Musical director: Guys, only one house is left free. What group of instruments will we put in it?
Children answer: Keyboard instruments.
Musical director: The first place of honor should be taken by our good piano, which plays many musical works for us and is the main assistant at our holidays and classes.
A card with an image of a piano is placed in a table cell - a house.
Musical director: This instrument is also called a piano. If its name is translated into Russian, it will sound like “loud - quiet”. Inside keyboard instruments live hammers that strike taut strings and produce beautiful sounds music that can tell both about a wonderful morning and cold winter, about a kind grandmother's fairy tale and the evil Baba Yaga, about beautiful butterflies and wonderful flowers.
Musical director: Guys, what other keyboard instruments do you know?
Children's answers: Piano, accordion, synthesizer.
Cards depicting these instruments take their places in the table.
Musical director: Guys, we helped the musical instruments find their homes. I'm sure you'll never forget this one beautiful country Musical instruments. We will definitely come back here again, but for now, before we go to kindergarten, let's give a gift to our friends - instruments. Let's sing a song for them, and our piano will help us.
The song “World of Music” is performed, words and music by E. V. Mashechkova.
Musical director: Let's say goodbye to our friends - the instruments. Close your eyes and count to 5
IN kindergarten again.
Musical director: Guys, did you like our trip?
Children talk about what they did in class and what they liked.
The music director says goodbye to de