Maxim Gorky all works. Works of Gorky: complete list
Maxim Gorky (real name - Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov). Born March 16 (28), 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod- died on June 18, 1936 in Gorki, Moscow region. Russian writer, prose writer, playwright. One of the most significant and famous Russian writers and thinkers in the world.
Since 1918, he has been nominated 5 times for Nobel Prize on literature. At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, he became famous as the author of works with a revolutionary tendency, personally close to the Social Democrats and in opposition to the tsarist regime.
Initially, Gorky was skeptical about October revolution. However, after several years cultural work V Soviet Russia(in Petrograd he headed the publishing house “World Literature”, interceded with the Bolsheviks on behalf of those arrested) and life abroad in the 1920s (Berlin, Marienbad, Sorrento), returned to the USSR, where last years life received official recognition as the founder of socialist realism.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, he was one of the ideologists of god-building; in 1909, he helped participants in this movement maintain a factional school on the island of Capri for workers, which he called “the literary center of god-building.”
Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov was born in Nizhny Novgorod, in the family of a carpenter (according to another version, the manager of the Astrakhan office of the shipping company I.S. Kolchin) - Maxim Savvatyevich Peshkov (1840-1871), who was the son of a soldier demoted from the officers. M. S. Peshkov worked as a manager of a shipping office in the last years of his life, but died of cholera. Alyosha Peshkov fell ill with cholera at the age of 4, his father managed to treat him, but at the same time he became infected and did not survive; the boy hardly remembered his father, but the stories of his loved ones about him left a deep mark - even the pseudonym “Maxim Gorky,” according to old Nizhny Novgorod residents, was taken in memory of Maxim Savvateevich.
Mother - Varvara Vasilievna, nee Kashirina (1842-1879) - from a bourgeois family; Having become a widow at an early age, she remarried and died of consumption. Gorky’s grandfather Savvaty Peshkov rose to the rank of officer, but was demoted and exiled to Siberia “for cruel treatment of lower ranks,” after which he enrolled as a bourgeois. His son Maxim ran away from his father five times and at the age of 17 he left home forever. Orphaned early, Alexey spent his childhood in the house of his grandfather Kashirin. From the age of 11 he was forced to go “into the people”: he worked as a “boy” in a store, as a buffet cook on a steamship, as a baker, studied in an icon-painting workshop, etc.
In 1884 he tried to enter Kazan University. I became acquainted with Marxist literature and propaganda work. In 1888, he was arrested for connections with N. E. Fedoseev’s circle. He was under constant police surveillance. In October 1888 he became a watchman at the Dobrinka station in Gryaze-Tsaritsynskaya railway. Impressions from his stay in Dobrinka will serve as the basis for the autobiographical story “The Watchman” and the story “Boredom for the Sake.”
In January 1889, at a personal request (a complaint in verse), he was transferred to the Borisoglebsk station, then as a weighmaster to the Krutaya station.
In the spring of 1891 he set out to wander and soon reached the Caucasus.
In 1892 he first appeared in print with the story “Makar Chudra”. Returning to Nizhny Novgorod, he publishes reviews and feuilletons in Volzhsky Vestnik, Samara Gazeta, Nizhny Novgorod Listok, etc.
1895 - “Chelkash”, “Old Woman Izergil”.
From October 1897 to mid-January 1898, he lived in the village of Kamenka (now the city of Kuvshinovo, Tver Region) in the apartment of his friend Nikolai Zakharovich Vasiliev, who worked at the Kamensk paper factory and led an illegal workers' Marxist circle. Subsequently life experiences This period served the writer as material for the novel “The Life of Klim Samgin.” 1898 - The publishing house of Dorovatsky and A.P. Charushnikov published the first volume of Gorky's works. In those years, the circulation of the first book young author rarely exceeded 1000 copies. A. I. Bogdanovich advised to release the first two volumes of M. Gorky’s “Essays and Stories”, 1200 copies each. Publishers “took a chance” and released more. The first volume of the 1st edition of “Essays and Stories” was published in a circulation of 3,000 copies.
1899 - novel “Foma Gordeev”, prose poem “Song of the Falcon”.
1900-1901 - the novel “Three”, personal acquaintance with,.
1900-1913 - participates in the work of the publishing house "Knowledge".
March 1901 - “Song of the Petrel” was created by M. Gorky in Nizhny Novgorod. Participation in Marxist workers' circles in Nizhny Novgorod, Sormovo, St. Petersburg; wrote a proclamation calling for the fight against autocracy. Arrested and expelled from Nizhny Novgorod.
In 1901, M. Gorky turned to drama. Creates the plays “The Bourgeois” (1901), “At the Lower Depths” (1902). In 1902, he became the godfather and adoptive father of the Jew Zinovy Sverdlov, who took the surname Peshkov and converted to Orthodoxy. This was necessary in order for Zinovy to receive the right to live in Moscow.
February 21 - election of M. Gorky to honorary academician of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in the category of fine literature.
1904-1905 - writes the plays “Summer Residents”, “Children of the Sun”, “Barbarians”. Meets Lenin. For the revolutionary proclamation and in connection with the execution on January 9, he was arrested and imprisoned Peter and Paul Fortress. They came out in defense of Gorky famous figures art Gerhart Hauptmann, Auguste Rodin, Thomas Hardy, George Meredith, Italian writers Grazia Deledda, Mario Rapisardi, Edmondo de Amicis, composer Giacomo Puccini, philosopher Benedetto Croce and other representatives of the creative and scientific world from Germany, France, England. Student demonstrations took place in Rome. Under public pressure, he was released on bail on February 14, 1905. Participant in the revolution of 1905-1907. In November 1905 he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.
1906, February - Gorky and his actual wife, actress Maria Andreeva, travel through Europe to America, where they stayed until the fall. Abroad, the writer creates satirical pamphlets about the “bourgeois” culture of France and the USA (“My Interviews”, “In America”). Returning to Russia in the fall, he writes the play “Enemies” and creates the novel “Mother”. At the end of 1906, due to tuberculosis, he settled in Italy on the island of Capri, where he lived with Andreeva for 7 years (from 1906 to 1913). Checked into the prestigious Quisisana Hotel. From March 1909 to February 1911 he lived at the Villa Spinola (now Bering), stayed at the villas (they have commemorative plaques about his stay) Blesius (from 1906 to 1909) and Serfina (now Pierina) ). On Capri, Gorky wrote “Confession” (1908), where his philosophical differences with Lenin and rapprochement with the god-builders Lunacharsky and Bogdanov were clearly outlined.
1907 - delegate with the right of advisory vote to the V Congress of the RSDLP.
1908 - play “The Last”, story “Life unnecessary person».
1909 - the stories “The Town of Okurov”, “The Life of Matvey Kozhemyakin”.
1913 - Gorky edits the Bolshevik newspapers Zvezda and Pravda, the art department of the Bolshevik magazine Prosveshchenie, and publishes the first collection of proletarian writers. Writes "Tales of Italy".
At the end of December 1913, after the announcement of a general amnesty on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of the Romanovs, Gorky returned to Russia and settled in St. Petersburg.
1914 - founded the journal “Letopis” and the publishing house “Parus”.
1912-1916 - M. Gorky creates a series of stories and essays that made up the collection “Across Rus'”, autobiographical stories “Childhood”, “In People”. In 1916, the Parus publishing house published autobiographical story“In People” and a series of essays “Across Rus'”. the last part The trilogy “My Universities” was written in 1923.
1917-1919 - M. Gorky does a lot of social and political work, criticizes the methods of the Bolsheviks, condemns their attitude towards the old intelligentsia, saves a number of its representatives from Bolshevik repression and famine.
1921 - M. Gorky’s departure abroad. Official reason departure was the resumption of his illness and the need, at Lenin’s insistence, to be treated abroad. According to another version, Gorky was forced to leave due to worsening ideological differences with the established government. In 1921-1923 lived in Helsingfors (Helsinki), Berlin, Prague.
1925 - novel “The Artamonov Case”.
1928 - at the invitation of the Soviet government and personally comes to the USSR for the first time and makes a 5-week trip around the country: Kursk, Kharkov, Crimea, Rostov-on-Don, Nizhny Novgorod, during which Gorky is shown the achievements of the USSR, which are reflected in the series of essays “Across the Soviet Union.” But he doesn’t stay in the USSR, he goes back to Italy.
1929 - comes to the USSR for the second time and on June 20-23 visits the Solovetsky special purpose camp and writes a laudatory review of its regime. On October 12, 1929, Gorky left for Italy.
1932, March - two central Soviet newspapers Pravda and Izvestia simultaneously published an article-pamphlet by Gorky under the title, which became catchphrase- “Who are you with, masters of culture?”
1932, October - Gorky finally returns to Soviet Union. The government provided him with the former Ryabushinsky mansion on Spiridonovka, dachas in Gorki and Teselli (Crimea). Here he receives Stalin’s order - to prepare the ground for the 1st Congress of Soviet Writers, and to do this, to hold among them preparatory work. Gorky created many newspapers and magazines: the book series “History of factories and factories”, “History civil war", "Poet's Library", "History young man XIX century", magazine " Literary studies", he writes the plays "Yegor Bulychev and others" (1932), "Dostigaev and others" (1933).
1934 - Gorky holds the First All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers, giving the main report at it.
1934 - co-editor of the book “Stalin Canal”.
In 1925-1936 he wrote the novel “The Life of Klim Samgin”, which remained unfinished.
On May 11, 1934, Gorky’s son, Maxim Peshkov, unexpectedly dies. M. Gorky died on June 18, 1936 in Gorki, having outlived his son by a little more than two years. After his death, he was cremated and his ashes were placed in an urn in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow. Before cremation, M. Gorky's brain was removed and taken to the Moscow Brain Institute for further study.
The circumstances of the death of Maxim Gorky and his son are considered “suspicious” by many; there were rumors of poisoning, which, however, were not confirmed.
On May 27, 1936, after visiting his son’s grave, Gorky caught a cold in the cold windy weather and fell ill. He was ill for three weeks and died on June 18. At the funeral, among others, Stalin carried Gorky’s coffin. It is interesting that among other accusations against Genrikh Yagoda at the Third Moscow Trial in 1938 was the accusation of poisoning Gorky’s son. According to Yagoda's interrogations, Maxim Gorky was killed by order, and the murder of Gorky's son, Maxim Peshkov, was his personal initiative. Some publications blame Stalin for Gorky's death. An important precedent for the medical side of the accusations in the “Doctors’ Case” was the Third Moscow Trial (1938), where among the defendants were three doctors (Kazakov, Levin and Pletnev), accused of the murders of Gorky and others.
Personal life Maxim Gorky:
Wife 1896-1903 - Ekaterina Pavlovna Peshkova (nee Volzhina) (1876-1965). The divorce was not formalized.
Son - Maxim Alekseevich Peshkov (1897-1934), his wife Vvedenskaya, Nadezhda Alekseevna (“Timosha”).
Granddaughter - Peshkova, Marfa Maksimovna, her husband Beria, Sergo Lavrentievich.
Great-granddaughters - Nina and Nadezhda.
Great-grandson - Sergei (they bore the surname “Peshkov” because of the fate of Beria).
Granddaughter - Peshkova, Daria Maksimovna, her husband Grave, Alexander Konstantinovich.
Great-grandson - Maxim.
Great-granddaughter - Ekaterina (bears the surname Peshkov).
Great-great-grandson - Alexey Peshkov, son of Catherine.
Daughter - Ekaterina Alekseevna Peshkova (1898-1903).
Adopted and godson - Peshkov, Zinovy Alekseevich, brother of Yakov Sverdlov, Gorky's godson, who took his last name, and de facto adopted son, his wife Lydia Burago.
Actual wife in 1903-1919. - Maria Fedorovna Andreeva (1868-1953) - actress, revolutionary, Soviet statesman and party leader.
Adopted daughter - Ekaterina Andreevna Zhelyabuzhskaya (father - actual state councilor Zhelyabuzhsky, Andrei Alekseevich).
Adopted son - Zhelyabuzhsky, Yuri Andreevich (father - actual state councilor Zhelyabuzhsky, Andrey Alekseevich).
Cohabitant in 1920-1933 - Budberg, Maria Ignatievna (1892-1974) - baroness, adventurer.
Novels by Maxim Gorky:
1899 - “Foma Gordeev”
1900-1901 - “Three”
1906 - “Mother” (second edition - 1907)
1925 - “The Artamonov Case”
1925-1936 - “The Life of Klim Samgin.”
Stories by Maxim Gorky:
1894 - “Poor Pavel”
1900 - “Man. Essays" (remained unfinished; the third chapter was not published during the author’s lifetime)
1908 - “The Life of an Useless Man.”
1908 - “Confession”
1909 - “Summer”
1909 - “The Town of Okurov”, “The Life of Matvey Kozhemyakin”.
1913-1914 - “Childhood”
1915-1916 - “In People”
1923 - “My Universities”
1929 - “At the End of the Earth.”
Stories and essays by Maxim Gorky:
1892 - “The Girl and Death” (fairy tale poem, published in July 1917 in the newspaper “ New life»)
1892 - “Makar Chudra”
1892 - “Emelyan Pilyai”
1892 - “Grandfather Arkhip and Lyonka”
1895 - “Chelkash”, “Old Woman Izergil”, “Song of the Falcon” (prose poem)
1897 - " Former people", "The Orlov Spouses", "Malva", "Konovalov".
1898 - “Essays and Stories” (collection)
1899 - “Twenty-six and one”
1901 - “Song of the Petrel” (prose poem)
1903 - “Man” (prose poem)
1906 - “Comrade!”, “Sage”
1908 - “Soldiers”
1911 - “Tales of Italy”
1912-1917 - “Across Rus'” (cycle of stories)
1924 - “Stories of 1922-1924”
1924 - “Notes from a Diary” (series of stories)
1929 - “Solovki” (essay).
Plays by Maxim Gorky:
1901 - “The Bourgeois”
1902 - “At the Bottom”
1904 - “Summer Residents”
1905 - “Children of the Sun”
1905 - “Barbarians”
1906 - “Enemies”
1908 - “The Last”
1910 - "Jackass"
1910 - “Children” (“Meeting”)
1910 - “Vassa Zheleznova” (2nd edition - 1933; 3rd edition - 1935)
1913 - “Zykovs”
1913 - “False Coin”
1915 - “The Old Man” (staged on January 1, 1919 on the stage of the State Academic Maly Theater; published 1921 in Berlin).
1930-1931 - “Somov and others”
1931 - “Egor Bulychov and others”
1932 - “Dostigaev and others.”
Journalism of Maxim Gorky:
1906 - “My Interviews”, “In America” (pamphlets)
1917-1918 - series of articles “ Untimely thoughts"in the newspaper "New Life" (published as a separate publication in 1918).
1922 - “On the Russian peasantry.”
Years of life: from 03/28/1868 to 06/18/1936
Russian writer, playwright, public figure. One of the most popular authors turn of the XIX century and XX centuries.
Maxim Gorky (real name - Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov) was born (16) March 28, 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod. Father, Maxim Savvatievich Peshkov (1840-71) - the son of a soldier, demoted from the officers, a cabinetmaker. In recent years he worked as a manager of a shipping office, but died of cholera. Mother, Varvara Vasilyevna Kashirina (1842-79) - from a bourgeois family; Having become a widow at an early age, she remarried and died of consumption. The writer spent his childhood in the house of his grandfather Vasily Vasilyevich Kashirin, who in his youth was a barracks worker, then became rich, became the owner of a dyeing establishment, and went bankrupt in his old age. The grandfather taught the boy from church books, grandmother Akulina Ivanovna introduced her grandson to folk songs and fairy tales, but most importantly, replaced the mother, “satiating,” in the words of Gorky himself, “ strong strength for a difficult life."
Gorky did not receive a real education, graduating only from a vocational school. His thirst for knowledge was quenched independently; he grew up “self-taught.” Hard work (a cook on a ship, a “boy” in a store, a student in an icon-painting workshop, a foreman at fair buildings, etc.) and early hardships taught good knowledge life and inspired dreams of reorganizing the world. Participated in illegal populist circles. After his arrest in 1889, he was under police surveillance.
In the world great literature turned out to be with the help of V.G. Korolenko. In 1892, Maxim Gorky published his first story, “Makar Chudra,” and in 1899-1900 he met L.N. Tolstoy and A.P. Chekhov, gets closer to the Moscow Art Theater, which staged his plays “The Bourgeois” and “At the Depths”.
The next period of Gorky's life is associated with revolutionary activity. He joined the Bolshevik Party, later, however, disagreeing with it on the issue of the timeliness of the socialist revolution in Russia. He took part in the organization of the first Bolshevik legal newspaper, Novaya Zhizn. During the December armed uprising of 1905 in Moscow, he supplied workers' squads with weapons and money.
In 1906, on behalf of the party, Maxim Gorky illegally traveled to America, where he campaigned in support of the revolution in Russia. Among the Americans who ensured Gorky's reception in the United States was Mark Twain.
Upon returning to Russia, he wrote the play "Enemies" and the novel "Mother" (1906). In the same year, Gorky travels to Italy, to Capri, where he lives until 1913, giving all his strength literary creativity. During these years, the plays “The Last” (1908), “Vassa Zheleznova” (1910), the stories “Summer”, “Okurov Town” (1909), and the novel “The Life of Matvey Kozhemyakin” (1910 - 11) were written.
Taking advantage of the amnesty, he returned to St. Petersburg in 1913 and collaborated with the Bolshevik newspapers Zvezda and Pravda. In 1915 he founded the magazine "Letopis", headed the literary department of the magazine, uniting around him such writers as Shishkov, Prishvin, Trenev, Gladkov and others.
Gorky greeted the February Revolution of 1917 with enthusiasm. He was a member of the “Special Meeting on Arts” and was the chairman of the Commission on Arts under the Executive Committee of the Petrograd Council of the RSD. After the revolution, Gorky participated in the publication of the newspaper Novaya Zhizn, which was the organ of the Social Democrats, where he published articles under common name"Untimely Thoughts"
In the fall of 1921, due to an exacerbation of the tuberculosis process, he went abroad for treatment. At first he lived in resorts in Germany and Czechoslovakia, then moved to Italy in Sorrento. He continues to work a lot: he completes the trilogy - "My Universities" ("Childhood" and "In People" were published in 1913 - 16), writes the novel "The Artamonov Case" (1925). Begins work on the book “The Life of Klim Samgin,” which he continued to write until the end of his life. In 1931 Gorky returned to his homeland. In the 1930s he again turned to drama: “Egor Bulychev and others” (1932), “Dostigaev and others” (1933).
Summing up his acquaintance and communication with the great people of his time, Gorky writes literary portraits L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, V. Korolenko, essay "V.I. Lenin". In 1934, through the efforts of M. Gorky, the 1st All-Union Congress of Soviet Writers was prepared and held.
On May 11, 1934, Gorky’s son, Maxim Peshkov, unexpectedly dies. The writer himself died on June 18, 1936 in the town of Gorki, near Moscow, having outlived his son by a little more than two years. After his death, he was cremated and his ashes were placed in an urn in the Kremlin wall on Red Square in Moscow. Before cremation, A. M. Gorky's brain was removed and taken to the Moscow Brain Institute for further study. There is still a lot of uncertainty around his death, like the death of his son Maxim.
Gorky began as a provincial newspaperman (published under the name Yehudiel Chlamida). Pseudonym M. Gorky (signed letters and documents real name- A. Peshkov) appeared in 1892 in the Tiflis newspaper “Caucasus”, where the first story “Makar Chudra” was published.
The circumstances of the death of Gorky and his son are considered “suspicious” by many. There were rumors about poisoning, which, however, were not confirmed. According to the interrogations of Genrikh Yagoda (one of the main leaders of the state security agencies), Maxim Gorky was killed on Trotsky's orders, and the murder of Gorky's son, Maxim Peshkov, was his personal initiative. Some publications blame Stalin for Gorky's death.
Bibliography
Stories
1908 - “The Life of an Useless Man.”
1908 - “Confession”
1909 - "", "".
1913-1914- " "
1915-1916- " "
1923 - ""
Stories, essays
1892 - “Makar Chudra”
1895 - “Chelkash”, “Old Woman Izergil”.
1897 - “Former People”, “The Orlov Spouses”, “Malva”, “Konovalov”.
1898 - “Essays and Stories” (collection)
1899 - “Song of the Falcon” (prose poem), “Twenty-six and one”
1901 - “Song of the Petrel” (prose poem)
1903 - “Man” (prose poem)
1913 - “Egor Bulychov and others (1953)
Egor Bulychov and others (1971)
Life of the Baron (1917) - based on the play "At the Lower Depths"
The Life of Klim Samgin (TV series, 1986)
The Life of Klim Samgin (film, 1986)
The Well (2003) - based on the story by A.M. Gorky "Gubin"
Summer People (1995) - based on the play "Summer Residents"
Mallow (1956) - based on the stories
Mother (1926)
Mother (1955)
Mother (1990)
Bourgeois (1971)
My Universities (1939)
At the Bottom (1952)
At the Bottom (1957)
At the Bottom (1972)
Washed in Blood (1917) - based on M. Gorky’s story “Konovalov”
Premature Man (1971) - based on the play “Yakov Bogomolov” by Maxim Gorky
Across Rus' (1968) - based on early stories
For the sake of boredom (1967)
Tabor goes to heaven (1975)
Three (1918)
Foma Gordeev (1959)
Works of Gorky: full list. Maxim Gorky: early romantic works The great Russian writer Maxim Gorky (Peshkov Alexey Maksimovich) was born on March 16, 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod - died on June 18, 1936 in Gorki. IN early age“went public,” in his own words. He lived hard, spent the night in the slums among all sorts of rabble, wandered, subsisting on an occasional piece of bread. He covered vast territories, visited the Don, Ukraine, the Volga region, Southern Bessarabia, the Caucasus and Crimea. Beginning He was actively involved in social and political activities, for which he was arrested more than once. In 1906 he went abroad, where he began to successfully write his works. By 1910, Gorky had gained fame, his work aroused great interest. Earlier, in 1904, they began to publish critical articles, and then the book “About Gorky”. Gorky's works interested politicians and public figures. Some of them believed that the writer interpreted events taking place in the country too freely. Everything that Maxim Gorky wrote, works for the theater or journalistic essays, short stories or multi-page stories, caused a resonance and was often accompanied by anti-government protests. During the First World War, the writer took an openly anti-militarist position. He greeted the 1917 revolution with enthusiasm, and turned his apartment in Petrograd into a meeting place for politicians. Often Maxim Gorky, whose works became increasingly topical, gave reviews of own creativity, in order to avoid misinterpretation. Abroad In 1921, the writer went abroad to undergo treatment. For three years, Maxim Gorky lived in Helsinki, Prague and Berlin, then moved to Italy and settled in the city of Sorrento. There he began publishing his memoirs about Lenin. In 1925 he wrote the novel “The Artamonov Case”. All of Gorky's works of that time were politicized. Return to Russia The year 1928 became a turning point for Gorky. At the invitation of Stalin, he returns to Russia and for a month moves from city to city, meets people, gets acquainted with achievements in industry, and observes how socialist construction develops. Then Maxim Gorky leaves for Italy. However, the next year (1929) the writer came to Russia again and this time visited the Solovetsky special-purpose camps. The reviews are the most positive. Alexander Solzhenitsyn mentioned this trip of Gorky in his novel “The Gulag Archipelago”. The writer's final return to the Soviet Union occurred in October 1932. Since that time, Gorky has lived in the former Ryabushinsky mansion on Spiridonovka, at a dacha in Gorki, and goes to Crimea on vacation. The First Congress of Writers Some time later, the writer received a political order from Stalin, who entrusted him with preparing the 1st Congress of Soviet Writers. In light of this order, Maxim Gorky creates several new newspapers and magazines, publishes book series on the history of Soviet plants and factories, the civil war and some other events of the Soviet era. At the same time he wrote plays: “Egor Bulychev and others”, “Dostigaev and others”. Some of Gorky's works, written earlier, were also used by him in preparing the first congress of writers, which took place in August 1934. At the congress, organizational issues were mainly resolved, the leadership of the future Union of Writers of the USSR was elected, and writing sections by genre were created. Gorky's works were also ignored at the 1st Congress of Writers, but he was elected chairman of the board. Overall, the event was considered successful, and Stalin personally thanked Maxim Gorky for his fruitful work. Popularity M. Gorky, whose works for many years caused fierce debate among the intelligentsia, tried to take part in the discussion of his books and especially theater plays. From time to time, the writer visited theaters, where he could see with his own eyes that people were not indifferent to his work. And indeed, for many, the writer M. Gorky, whose works were understandable to the common man, became a guide to a new life. Theater audiences We went to the performance several times, read and re-read books. Gorky's early romantic works The writer's work can be divided into several categories. Gorky's early works are romantic and even sentimental. They do not yet feel the harshness of political sentiments that permeate the writer’s later stories and tales. The writer's first story "Makar Chudra" is about gypsy fleeting love. Not because it was fleeting, because “love came and went,” but because it lasted only one night, without a single touch. Love lived in the soul without touching the body. And then the death of the girl at the hands of her beloved, the proud gypsy Rada passed away, and behind her Loiko Zobar himself - they floated across the sky together, hand in hand. Amazing story incredible strength narration. The story "Makar Chudra" became long years business card Maxim Gorky, firmly taking first place in the list " early works Gorky." The writer worked a lot and fruitfully in his youth. Gorky's early romantic works are a cycle of stories, the heroes of which were Danko, Sokol, Chelkash and others. A short story about spiritual superiority makes you think. "Chelkash" is a story about common man, carrying high aesthetic feelings. Fleeing from home, vagrancy, complicity in crime. A meeting of two - one is doing his usual thing, the other is brought by chance. Gavrila's envy, mistrust, readiness for submissive servility, fear and servility are contrasted with Chelkash's courage, self-confidence, and love of freedom. However, Chelkash is not needed by society, unlike Gavrila. Romantic pathos is intertwined with tragic. The description of nature in the story is also shrouded in a flair of romance. In the stories "Makar Chudra", "Old Woman Izergil" and, finally, in "Song of the Falcon" the motivation for the "madness of the brave" can be traced. The writer places the characters in difficult conditions and then, beyond any logic, leads them to the finale. What makes the work of the great writer interesting is that the narrative is unpredictable. Gorky's work "Old Woman Izergil" consists of several parts. The character of her first story, the son of an eagle and a woman, the sharp-eyed Larra, is presented as an egoist incapable of high feelings. When he heard the maxim that one inevitably has to pay for what one takes, he expressed disbelief, declaring that “I would like to remain unharmed.” People rejected him, condemning him to loneliness. Larra's pride turned out to be destructive for himself. Danko is no less proud, but he treats people with love. Therefore, he obtains the freedom necessary for his fellow tribesmen who trusted him. Despite the threats of those who doubt that he is capable of leading the tribe out of deep forest, the young leader continues on his way, dragging people along with him. And when everyone’s strength was running out, and the forest did not end, Danko tore open his chest, took out his burning heart and with its flame illuminated the path that led them to the clearing. The ungrateful tribesmen, having broken free, did not even look in Danko’s direction when he fell and died. People ran away, trampled on the flaming heart as they ran, and it scattered into blue sparks. Gorky's romantic works leave an indelible mark on the soul. Readers empathize with the characters, the unpredictability of the plot keeps them in suspense, and the ending is often unexpected. In addition, Gorky’s romantic works are distinguished by deep morality, which is unobtrusive, but makes you think. The theme of individual freedom dominates early work writer. The heroes of Gorky's works are freedom-loving and are ready to even give their lives for the right to choose their own destiny. Poem "The Girl and Death" - shining example self-sacrifice in the name of love. Young, full of life A girl makes a deal with death for one night of love. She is ready to die in the morning without regret, just to meet her beloved again. The king, who considers himself omnipotent, dooms the girl to death only because, returning from the war, he was in a bad mood and did not like her happy laughter. Death spared Love, the girl remained alive and the “bony one with a scythe” no longer had power over her. Romance is also present in “Song of the Storm Petrel”. The proud bird is free, it is like black lightning, rushing between the gray plain of the sea and the clouds hanging over the waves. Let the storm blow stronger, the brave bird is ready to fight. But it is important for the penguin to hide his fat body in the rocks; he has a different attitude towards the storm - no matter how he soaks his feathers. Man in the works of Gorky The special, refined psychologism of Maxim Gorky is present in all his stories, while the individual is always given the main role. Even the homeless tramps, the characters of the shelter, are presented by the writer as respected citizens, despite their plight. In Gorky’s works, man is placed at the forefront, everything else is secondary - the events described, political situation, even actions government agencies are in the background. Gorky's story "Childhood" The writer tells the life story of the boy Alyosha Peshkov, as if on his own behalf. The story is sad, it begins with the death of the father and ends with the death of the mother. Left an orphan, the boy heard from his grandfather, the day after his mother’s funeral: “You are not a medal, you shouldn’t hang around my neck... Go join the people...”. And he kicked me out. This is how Gorky's work "Childhood" ends. And in the middle there were several years of living in the house of my grandfather, a lean little old man who used to flog everyone who was weaker than him on Saturdays. And the only people inferior to his grandfather in strength were his grandchildren living in the house, and he beat them backhand, placing them on the bench. Alexey grew up, supported by his mother, and a thick fog of enmity between everyone and everyone hung in the house. The uncles fought among themselves, threatened the grandfather that they would kill him too, the cousins drank, and their wives did not have time to give birth. Alyosha tried to make friends with the neighboring boys, but their parents and other relatives were in such complicated relationships with his grandfather, grandmother and mother that the children could only communicate through a hole in the fence. "At the Depths" In 1902, Gorky turned to philosophical topic. He created a play about people who, by the will of fate, sank to the very bottom Russian society. The writer depicted several characters, the inhabitants of the shelter, with frightening authenticity. At the center of the story are homeless people on the verge of despair. Some are thinking about suicide, others are hoping for the best. The work of M. Gorky "At the Lower Depths" is bright picture social and everyday disorder in society, often turning into tragedy. The owner of the shelter, Mikhail Ivanovich Kostylev, lives and does not know that his life is constantly under threat. His wife Vasilisa persuades one of the guests, Vaska Pepel, to kill her husband. This is how it ends: the thief Vaska kills Kostylev and goes to prison. The remaining inhabitants of the shelter continue to live in an atmosphere of drunken revelry and bloody fights. After some time, a certain Luka appears, a projector and a blabbermouth. He “fills up” for no reason, conducts lengthy conversations, promises everyone indiscriminately a happy future and complete prosperity. Then Luke disappears, and the unfortunate people whom he encouraged are at a loss. There was severe disappointment. A forty-year-old homeless man, nicknamed Actor, commits suicide. The rest are not far from this either. Nochlezhka as a symbol of the dead end of Russian society late XIX century, an undisguised ulcer of the social structure. The work of Maxim Gorky "Makar Chudra" - 1892. A story of love and tragedy. "Grandfather Arkhip and Lenka" - 1893. A poor, sick old man and with him his grandson Lenka, a teenager. First, the grandfather cannot withstand adversity and dies, then the grandson dies. Good people The unfortunates were buried along the road. "Old Woman Izergil" - 1895. Several stories old woman about selfishness and selflessness. "Chelkash" - 1895. A story about "an inveterate drunkard and a clever, brave thief." "The Orlov Spouses" - 1897. A story about a childless woman married couple who decided to help sick people. "Konovalov" - 1898. The story of how Alexander Ivanovich Konovalov, arrested for vagrancy, hanged himself in a prison cell. "Foma Gordeev" - 1899. A story about the events of the late 19th century that took place in the Volga city. About a boy named Thomas, who considered his father a fabulous robber. "Bourgeois" - 1901. A story about bourgeois roots and the new spirit of the times. "At the Bottom" - 1902. A poignant, topical play about homeless people who have lost all hope. "Mother" - 1906. A novel on the theme of revolutionary sentiments in society, about events taking place within a manufacturing factory, with the participation of members of the same family. "Vassa Zheleznova" - 1910. The play is about a youthful 42-year-old woman, the owner of a shipping company, strong and powerful. "Childhood" - 1913. A story about a simple boy and his far from simple life. "Tales of Italy" - 1913. Cycle short stories on the topic of life in Italian cities. "Passion-face" - 1913. Short story about a deeply unhappy family. "In People" - 1914. A story about an errand boy in a fashionable shoe store. "My Universities" - 1923. The story of Kazan University and students. "Blue Life" - 1924. A story about dreams and fantasies. "The Artamonov Case" - 1925. A story about the events taking place at a woven fabric factory. "The Life of Klim Samgin" - 1936. Events of the beginning of the 20th century - St. Petersburg, Moscow, barricades. Every story, novel or novel you read leaves an impression of high literary skill. The characters carry a number of unique characteristics and characteristics. Analysis of Gorky's works involves comprehensive characteristics of the characters followed by a summary. The depth of the narrative is organically combined with complex but understandable literary devices. All works of the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky were included in the Golden Fund of Russian Culture.
(estimates: 4
, average: 3,00
out of 5)
Name: Alexey Maksimovich Peshkov
Nicknames: Maxim Gorky, Yehudiel Chlamida
Birthday: March 16, 1868
Place of Birth: Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Empire
Date of death: June 18, 1936
A place of death: Gorki, Moscow region, RSFSR, USSR
Biography of Maxim Gorky
Maxim Gorky was born in Nizhny Novgorod in 1868. In fact, the writer’s name was Alexey, but his father was Maxim, and the writer’s last name was Peshkov. The father worked as a simple carpenter, so the family could not be called wealthy. At the age of 7 he went to school, but after a couple of months he had to quit his studies due to smallpox. As a result, the boy received a home education, and he also studied all subjects independently.
Gorky had a rather difficult childhood. His parents died too early, and the boy lived with his grandfather 
, who had a very difficult character. Already at 11 years old future writer went to earn his own bread, working part-time in a bread store or in a canteen on a ship.
In 1884, Gorky ended up in Kazan and tried to get an education, but this attempt failed, and he has to work hard again to earn money for food. At the age of 19, Gorky even tries to commit suicide due to poverty and fatigue.
Here he becomes interested in Marxism and tries to agitate. In 1888 he was arrested for the first time. He gets a job at iron work, where the authorities are keeping a close eye on him.
In 1889, Gorky returned to Nizhny Novgorod and got a job as a clerk for lawyer Lanin. It was during this period that he wrote “The Song of the Old Oak” and turned to Korolenko to evaluate the work.
In 1891, Gorky went to travel around the country. His story “Makar Chudra” was published for the first time in Tiflis.
In 1892, Gorky again travels to Nizhny Novgorod and returns to the service of lawyer Lanin. Here he is already published in many publications in Samara and Kazan. In 1895 he moved to Samara. At this time he actively wrote and his works were constantly published. The two-volume “Essays and Stories,” published in 1898, is in great demand and is very actively discussed and criticized. In the period from 1900 to 1901 he met Tolstoy and Chekhov.
In 1901, Gorky created his first plays “The Bourgeois” and “At the Depths”. They were very popular, and “The Bourgeois” was even staged in Vienna and Berlin. The writer has already become famous internationally. From that moment on, his works were translated into different languages world, and he and his works become the object close attention foreign critics.
Gorky became a participant in the revolution in 1905, and since 1906 he has left his country due to political events. He for a long time lives on the Italian island of Capri. Here he writes the novel “Mother”. This work influenced the emergence of a new direction in literature, like socialist realism.
In 1913, Maxim Gorky was finally able to return to his homeland. During this period, he actively worked on his autobiography. He also works as an editor for two newspapers. At the same time, he gathered proletarian writers around him and published a collection of their works.
The period of the revolution in 1917 was controversial for Gorky. As a result, he joins the ranks of the Bolsheviks, even despite doubts and torment. However, he does not support some of their views and actions. In particular, regarding the intelligentsia. Thanks to Gorky most of The intelligentsia in those days escaped hunger and painful death. 
In 1921, Gorky left his country. There is a version that he does this because Lenin was too worried about the health of the great writer, whose tuberculosis had worsened. However, the reason could also be Gorky’s contradictions with the authorities. He lived in Prague, Berlin and Sorrento.
When Gorky turned 60, Stalin himself invited him to the USSR. The writer was given a warm welcome. He traveled around the country, where he spoke at meetings and rallies. They honor him in every possible way and take him to the Communist Academy.
In 1932, Gorky returned to the USSR for good. He is very active literary activity, organizes All-Union Congress Soviet writers, publishes a large number of newspapers.
In 1936, terrible news spread throughout the country: Maxim Gorky left this world. The writer caught a cold when he visited his son’s grave. However, there is an opinion that both son and father were poisoned due to political views, but this has never been proven.
Documentary
Your attention documentary, biography of Maxim Gorky.
Bibliography of Maxim Gorky
Novels
1899
Foma Gordeev
1900-1901
Three
1906
Mother (second edition - 1907)
1925
Artamonov case
1925-1936
Life of Klim Samgin
Stories
1908
The life of an unnecessary person
1908
Confession
1909
Okurov town
Life of Matvey Kozhemyakin
1913-1914
Childhood
1915-1916
In people
1923
My universities
Stories, essays
1892
The Girl and Death
1892
Makar Chudra
1895
Chelkash
Old Isergil
1897
Former people
The Orlov couple
Mallow
Konovalov
1898
Essays and stories (collection)
1899
Song of the Falcon (prose poem)
Twenty six and one
1901
Song of the Petrel (prose poem)
1903
Man (prose poem)
1913
Tales of Italy
1912-1917
In Rus' (cycle of stories)
1924
Stories from 1922-1924
1924
Notes from a diary (series of stories)
Plays
1901
Bourgeois
1902
At the bottom
1904
Summer residents
1905
Children of the Sun
Barbarians
1906
Enemies
1910
Vassa Zheleznova (reworked in December 1935)
1915
Old man
1930-1931
Somov and others
1932
Egor Bulychov and others
1933
Dostigaev and others
Journalism
1906
My interviews
In America" (pamphlets)
1917-1918
series of articles “Untimely Thoughts” in the newspaper “New Life”
1922
About the Russian peasantry
The great Russian writer Maxim Gorky (Peshkov Alexey Maksimovich) was born on March 16, 1868 in Nizhny Novgorod - died on June 18, 1936 in Gorki. At an early age he “became popular,” in his own words. He lived hard, spent the night in the slums among all sorts of rabble, wandered, subsisting on an occasional piece of bread. He covered vast territories, visited the Don, Ukraine, the Volga region, Southern Bessarabia, the Caucasus and Crimea.
Start
He was actively involved in social and political activities, for which he was arrested more than once. In 1906 he went abroad, where he began to successfully write his works. By 1910, Gorky had gained fame, his work aroused great interest. Earlier, in 1904, critical articles and then books “About Gorky” began to be published. Gorky's works attracted the interest of politicians and public figures. Some of them believed that the writer interpreted events taking place in the country too freely. Everything that Maxim Gorky wrote, works for the theater or journalistic essays, short stories or multi-page stories, caused a resonance and was often accompanied by anti-government protests. During the First World War, the writer took an openly anti-militarist position. He greeted the 1917 revolution with enthusiasm, and turned his apartment in Petrograd into a meeting place for political figures. Often Maxim Gorky, whose works became more and more topical, gave reviews of his own work in order to avoid misinterpretation.
Abroad
In 1921, the writer went abroad to undergo treatment. For three years, Maxim Gorky lived in Helsinki, Prague and Berlin, then moved to Italy and settled in the city of Sorrento. There he began publishing his memoirs about Lenin. In 1925 he wrote the novel “The Artamonov Case”. All of Gorky's works of that time were politicized.
Video on the topic
Return to Russia
The year 1928 became a turning point for Gorky. At the invitation of Stalin, he returns to Russia and for a month moves from city to city, meets people, gets acquainted with achievements in industry, and observes how socialist construction develops. Then Maxim Gorky leaves for Italy. However, the next year (1929) the writer came to Russia again and this time visited the Solovetsky special-purpose camps. The reviews are the most positive. Alexander Solzhenitsyn mentioned this trip of Gorky in his novel “The Gulag Archipelago”.
The writer's final return to the Soviet Union occurred in October 1932. Since that time, Gorky has lived in the former Ryabushinsky mansion on Spiridonovka, at a dacha in Gorki, and goes to Crimea on vacation.
First Writers' Congress
After some time, the writer receives a political order from Stalin, who entrusts him with preparing the 1st Congress of Soviet Writers. In light of this order, Maxim Gorky creates several new newspapers and magazines, publishes book series on the history of Soviet plants and factories, the civil war and some other events of the Soviet era. At the same time he wrote plays: “Egor Bulychev and others”, “Dostigaev and others”. Some of Gorky's works, written earlier, were also used by him in preparing the first congress of writers, which took place in August 1934. At the congress, organizational issues were mainly resolved, the leadership of the future Union of Writers of the USSR was elected, and writing sections by genre were created. Gorky's works were also ignored at the 1st Congress of Writers, but he was elected chairman of the board. Overall, the event was considered successful, and Stalin personally thanked Maxim Gorky for his fruitful work.
Popularity
M. Gorky, whose works for many years caused fierce controversy among the intelligentsia, tried to take part in the discussion of his books and especially theatrical plays. From time to time, the writer visited theaters, where he could see with his own eyes that people were not indifferent to his work. And indeed, for many, the writer M. Gorky, whose works were understandable to the common man, became a guide to a new life. Theater audiences went to the performance several times, read and re-read books.
Gorky's early romantic works
The writer's work can be divided into several categories. Gorky's early works are romantic and even sentimental. They do not yet feel the harshness of political sentiments that permeate the writer’s later stories and tales.
The writer's first story "Makar Chudra" is about gypsy fleeting love. Not because it was fleeting, because “love came and went,” but because it lasted only one night, without a single touch. Love lived in the soul without touching the body. And then the death of the girl at the hands of her beloved, the proud gypsy Rada passed away, and behind her Loiko Zobar himself - they floated across the sky together, hand in hand.
Amazing plot, incredible storytelling power. The story “Makar Chudra” became Maxim Gorky’s calling card for many years, firmly taking first place in the list of “Gorky’s early works.”
The writer worked a lot and fruitfully in his youth. Gorky's early romantic works are a cycle of stories whose heroes were Danko, Sokol, Chelkash and others.
A short story about spiritual excellence makes you think. "Chelkash" is a story about a simple man who carries high aesthetic feelings. Fleeing from home, vagrancy, complicity in crime. A meeting of two - one is doing his usual thing, the other is brought by chance. Gavrila's envy, mistrust, readiness for submissive servility, fear and servility are contrasted with Chelkash's courage, self-confidence, and love of freedom. However, Chelkash is not needed by society, unlike Gavrila. Romantic pathos is intertwined with tragic. The description of nature in the story is also shrouded in a flair of romance.
In the stories "Makar Chudra", "Old Woman Izergil" and, finally, in "Song of the Falcon" the motivation for the "madness of the brave" can be traced. The writer places the characters in difficult conditions and then, beyond any logic, leads them to the finale. What makes the work of the great writer interesting is that the narrative is unpredictable.
Gorky's work "Old Woman Izergil" consists of several parts. The character of her first story, the son of an eagle and a woman, the sharp-eyed Larra, is presented as an egoist incapable of high feelings. When he heard the maxim that one inevitably has to pay for what one takes, he expressed disbelief, declaring that “I would like to remain unharmed.” People rejected him, condemning him to loneliness. Larra's pride turned out to be destructive for himself.
Danko is no less proud, but he treats people with love. Therefore, he obtains the freedom necessary for his fellow tribesmen who trusted him. Despite the threats of those who doubt that he is able to lead the tribe out of the dense forest, the young leader continues on his way, taking people along with him. And when everyone’s strength was running out, and the forest did not end, Danko tore open his chest, took out his burning heart and with its flame illuminated the path that led them to the clearing. The ungrateful tribesmen, having broken free, did not even look in Danko’s direction when he fell and died. People ran away, trampled on the flaming heart as they ran, and it scattered into blue sparks.
Gorky's romantic works leave an indelible mark on the soul. Readers empathize with the characters, the unpredictability of the plot keeps them in suspense, and the ending is often unexpected. In addition, Gorky’s romantic works are distinguished by deep morality, which is unobtrusive, but makes you think.
The theme of personal freedom dominates the writer’s early work. The heroes of Gorky's works are freedom-loving and are ready to even give their lives for the right to choose their own destiny.
The poem "The Girl and Death" is a vivid example of self-sacrifice in the name of love. A young girl, full of life, makes a deal with death for one night of love. She is ready to die in the morning without regret, just to meet her beloved again.
The king, who considers himself omnipotent, dooms the girl to death only because, returning from the war, he was in a bad mood and did not like her happy laughter. Death spared Love, the girl remained alive and the “bony one with a scythe” no longer had power over her.
Romance is also present in “Song of the Storm Petrel”. The proud bird is free, it is like black lightning, rushing between the gray plain of the sea and the clouds hanging over the waves. Let the storm blow stronger, the brave bird is ready to fight. But it is important for the penguin to hide his fat body in the rocks; he has a different attitude towards the storm - no matter how he soaks his feathers.
Man in Gorky's works
The special, sophisticated psychologism of Maxim Gorky is present in all his stories, while the personality is always given the main role. Even the homeless tramps, the characters of the shelter, are presented by the writer as respected citizens, despite their plight. In Gorky's works, man is placed at the forefront, everything else is secondary - the events described, the political situation, even the actions of government bodies are in the background.
Gorky's story "Childhood"
The writer tells the life story of the boy Alyosha Peshkov, as if on his own behalf. The story is sad, it begins with the death of the father and ends with the death of the mother. Left an orphan, the boy heard from his grandfather, the day after his mother’s funeral: “You are not a medal, you shouldn’t hang around my neck... Go join the people...”. And he kicked me out.
This is how Gorky's work "Childhood" ends. And in the middle there were several years of living in the house of my grandfather, a lean little old man who used to flog everyone who was weaker than him on Saturdays. And the only people inferior to his grandfather in strength were his grandchildren living in the house, and he beat them backhand, placing them on the bench.
Alexey grew up, supported by his mother, and a thick fog of enmity between everyone and everyone hung in the house. The uncles fought among themselves, threatened the grandfather that they would kill him too, the cousins drank, and their wives did not have time to give birth. Alyosha tried to make friends with the neighboring boys, but their parents and other relatives were in such complicated relationships with his grandfather, grandmother and mother that the children could only communicate through a hole in the fence.
"At the bottom"
In 1902, Gorky turned to a philosophical topic. He created a play about people who, by the will of fate, sank to the very bottom of Russian society. The writer depicted several characters, the inhabitants of the shelter, with frightening authenticity. At the center of the story are homeless people on the verge of despair. Some are thinking about suicide, others are hoping for the best. M. Gorky's work "At the Depths" is a vivid picture of social and everyday disorder in society, which often turns into tragedy.
The owner of the shelter, Mikhail Ivanovich Kostylev, lives and does not know that his life is constantly under threat. His wife Vasilisa persuades one of the guests, Vaska Pepel, to kill her husband. This is how it ends: the thief Vaska kills Kostylev and goes to prison. The remaining inhabitants of the shelter continue to live in an atmosphere of drunken revelry and bloody fights.
After some time, a certain Luka appears, a projector and a blabbermouth. He “fills up” for no reason, conducts lengthy conversations, promises everyone indiscriminately a happy future and complete prosperity. Then Luke disappears, and the unfortunate people whom he encouraged are at a loss. There was severe disappointment. A forty-year-old homeless man, nicknamed Actor, commits suicide. The rest are not far from this either.
Nochlezhka, as a symbol of the dead end of Russian society at the end of the 19th century, is an undisguised ulcer of the social structure.
The works of Maxim Gorky
- "Makar Chudra" - 1892. A story of love and tragedy.
- "Grandfather Arkhip and Lenka" - 1893. A poor, sick old man and with him his grandson Lenka, a teenager. First, the grandfather cannot withstand adversity and dies, then the grandson dies. Good people buried the unfortunate people near the road.
- "Old Woman Izergil" - 1895. Some stories from an old woman about selfishness and selflessness.
- "Chelkash" - 1895. A story about "an inveterate drunkard and a clever, brave thief."
- "The Orlov Spouses" - 1897. A story about a childless couple who decided to help sick people.
- "Konovalov" - 1898. The story of how Alexander Ivanovich Konovalov, arrested for vagrancy, hanged himself in a prison cell.
- "Foma Gordeev" - 1899. A story about the events of the late 19th century that took place in the Volga city. About a boy named Thomas, who considered his father a fabulous robber.
- "Bourgeois" - 1901. A story about bourgeois roots and the new spirit of the times.
- "At the Bottom" - 1902. A poignant, topical play about homeless people who have lost all hope.
- "Mother" - 1906. A novel on the theme of revolutionary sentiments in society, about events taking place within a manufacturing factory, with the participation of members of the same family.
- "Vassa Zheleznova" - 1910. The play is about a youthful 42-year-old woman, the owner of a shipping company, strong and powerful.
- "Childhood" - 1913. A story about a simple boy and his far from simple life.
- "Tales of Italy" - 1913. A series of short stories on the theme of life in Italian cities.
- "Passion-face" - 1913. A short story about a deeply unhappy family.
- "In People" - 1914. A story about an errand boy in a fashionable shoe store.
- "My Universities" - 1923. The story of Kazan University and students.
- "Blue Life" - 1924. A story about dreams and fantasies.
- "The Artamonov Case" - 1925. A story about the events taking place at a woven fabric factory.
- "The Life of Klim Samgin" - 1936. Events of the beginning of the 20th century - St. Petersburg, Moscow, barricades.
Every story, novel or novel you read leaves an impression of high literary skill. The characters carry a number of unique characteristics and characteristics. The analysis of Gorky's works involves comprehensive characteristics of the characters followed by a summary. The depth of the narrative is organically combined with complex but understandable literary techniques. All works of the great Russian writer Maxim Gorky were included in the Golden Fund of Russian Culture.