I will provide a list of monuments from the section of national history, because... a lot has been written about the monuments of Sumer and Akkad and so on, so on, so forth.

1. Rurik settlement in Novgorod

More than a thousand years ago, on a low hill, not far from the center of modern Veliky Novgorod, there stood a city - a rich administrative, trade and craft center of the entire Ilmen region - Rurik's settlement. Archaeologists have discovered many things in its cultural layer Scandinavian origin. The settlement became the predecessor of the capital of the Novgorod principality; It was here, according to legend, that the Varangian Rurik came to reign.

2. Kostenki

One of the most famous archaeological sites Paleolithic era is located in Russia, in the Voronezh region. The first human settlements in Kostenki appeared 45 thousand years ago. Piles of animal bones were found in Kostenki - the ancient inhabitants of these places built houses from mammoth bones. Among the 40,000 finds are tools and works of art.

3. Gnezdovo

On both sides of the Dnieper in the Smolensk region there is the largest monument dating back to the birth of the ancient Russian state - the Gnezdovo burial mound complex. Once upon a time, 3500-4000 mounds were poured here. Both Slavs and Scandinavians in the VIII-X centuries. They buried the dead in the same way: first they placed the body in a funeral pyre, and then they built a mound. Some mounds are built on burnt burial boats; such burials turned out to be especially rich. Jewelry, broken swords and other items were found in them.

Helmets found in the Gnezdovo burial mounds

4. Phanagoria

Phanagoria is one of the few ancient Greek colonies on the territory of modern Russia. Large seaport served as the second capital of the Bosporan kingdom after Panticapaeum (modern Kerch). In the territory modern city administrative and residential buildings of the late 6th - first half of the 5th centuries were excavated. BC. The most valuable find in the history of excavations was a wooden ship. It was possible to date it thanks to a metal ram, on which a cast sign of the king of the Bosporan state Mithridates VI Eupator (star and crescent) was found. Apparently, the ship of the bireme (a rowing warship with two rows of oars on each side) was part of the royal fleet and was burned during the assault on Phanagoria in 63 BC.

5. Chersonesos

In October 2015, the Tauride Chersonese Museum-Reserve passed to Russia, and although UNESCO refused to recognize this fact, the museum-reserve is now under the leadership of Russian ministry culture. The only Greek polis in the Black Sea region, Chersonesus managed to be a Roman colony, become part of the Bosporan kingdom, short time was independent, became part of Byzantium, survived the raids of Genghis Khan's troops, was twice destroyed and plundered by Lithuanian princes, and saw Genoese merchants. Its cultural layer preserves the memory of every period of the history of the ancient city.

6. Selitrennoye settlement (Sarai-Batu)

On the territory of the Astrakhan region there is the capital of the Golden Horde, founded by Batu Khan - the city of Sarai-Batu. It became saltpeter much later, when under Peter I, saltpeter production plants were installed here. The foundations of many buildings - public, residential and industrial - were found on the territory of the monument. The cities of Golden Orzha were built by conquered peoples, so the material culture of the village of Sarai-Batu was very eclectic.

Reconstruction of housing in the city of Saray-Batu

7. Settlement Old Ryazan

One of the richest cities Ancient Rus', the capital of the Ryazan principality was not at all where modern Ryazan stands. The settlement of Old Ryazan was discovered in 1822 thanks to an accidental discovery - a treasure trove of gold jewelry. After the Great Patriotic War They took the excavations seriously. Three temples, objects of art, houses and premises where people practiced crafts, and 16 treasures with coins and valuables were found at the site.

3 thousand years BC, a huge fortified city was built on the territory of the modern Chelyabinsk region. In special workshops, its residents smelted bronze and practiced pottery. The city was strictly planned and had storm drainage.

The circular figures formed by the remains of fortifications and dwellings in the steppe have attracted not only historians, but also adherents of occultism of all kinds: they call the archaeological monument “a place of power”, “the cradle of humanity” and “the ancestral home of the Aryans”.

Publications in the Museums section

In the footsteps of the Ancient World

From school days Ancient world strongly associated with distant exotic lands: Ancient Egypt, Mesopotamia, Phenicia, Hellas. However, life has been in full swing on the territory of Russia since time immemorial. In 2001, the Karama site was discovered in Altai, where the ancestors modern man lived about 550–800 thousand years ago. At the oldest Paleolithic site in the Urals - Mysovaya - the early layers date back to about 700 thousand years ago. Later, dozens of civilizations lived on the territory of our country. Artifacts of ancient cultures are still found in the mountains and steppes, on the sea coast and in river valleys. The tribes that left them spoke different languages and were not alike in appearance. Among them are cattle breeders and hunters, whalers and sailors, farmers and traders. "Culture.RF" presents a selection of the most interesting archaeological sites in Russia.

Museum of Rock Art "Petroglyphs of Kanozero" : Civilization in the Arctic Circle

Petroglyphs on the island. Spruce. Photo: Museum rock art"Petroglyphs of Kanozero"

Petroglyphs on the island. Stone. Photo: Museum of Rock Art “Petroglyphs of Kanozero”

In 1997, the expedition local history museum from the village of Revda in the south of the Murmansk region discovered a large accumulation rock art. More than 1200 petroglyphs (that’s how many have been discovered in this moment) left by ancient people on the Kanozero islands. The earliest images date back to the 4th–2nd millennium BC, that is, they are at least the same age as the Ural Country of Cities and the Egyptian pyramids.

The rock in these parts is soft, so it is not difficult to carve a design on it with ancient tools. For many years, tourists rafting along rivers and lakes left “autographs” on the islands, not suspecting that traces were visible on the stones ancient civilization. In 2008, the Petroglyphs of Kanozero museum was opened, and in 2014, 600 compactly placed drawings were covered with a transparent dome, protecting them from weathering and human influence.

The depth of the lines of the petroglyphs reaches a centimeter, and the drawings themselves are surprisingly varied in subject matter. Some depict human figures, including a pregnant woman with a drawn baby in her belly. Others are scenes of sea hunting and family life. One of the ancient artists even painted love triangle. The most large figure- “Shaman” is almost a meter in length. The outlines of the animals include moose, deer, cetaceans, fish, snakes, beavers, bears, otters, and birds. From images of boats, axes and even skis, scientists can imagine the life of an unknown tribe.

Fact: Complex rock paintings was created over many centuries. “Almost every collection of drawings is made in its own recognizable style and is characterized by a different time and its own execution technique. Drawings were found from both the Stone and Bronze Ages, and possibly dating back to the Sami Middle Ages. In the style of the drawings, analogues of Karelian images (White Sea and Lake Onega), Kola (Chalmny-Varre), Norway (Alta) are easily discernible, but there are also unique images,” writes Vadim Likhachev in the article “Discovery of the Century on Kanozero”. If the hypothesis about the drawings left by the medieval Sami - the indigenous people of the Kola Peninsula - is confirmed, then these will be the first Sami petroglyphs discovered in the Murmansk region.

Beringia National Park: Ancient Chukotka

Whale Alley in Beringia Park. Photo: beringiapark.ru/news/kitovaya-alleya.html

View of the Eskimo village of Avan. Photo of Olesya Kalyuzhina, National Park"Beringia"

Greenland whale in the Senyavin Strait. Photo by A. Apalyu, Beringia National Park

The easternmost natural park in Russia was founded in 1993, and in 2013 it received national status. Beringia is the name of the territory at the junction of Eurasia and North America in the Bering Strait region. These protected areas are protected by Russian and American authorities. The total area of ​​the Russian Beringia Park is more than 1.8 million hectares; on its territory are the most significant archaeological monuments of the region - Whale Alley, the settlements of the ancient Eskimos Paipelgak, Chegitun and Ekven.

Since the 1960s, excavations have been carried out in the Ekven burial ground. The finds date back to the 1st millennium AD, when representatives of three archaeological cultures lived here - Okvik (seal and bird hunters), Old Bering Sea (walrus and deer hunters) and Punuk (whalers). Each civilization tried in its own way to adapt to life in the harsh subarctic climate of Chukotka. These people knew iron only as part of meteorites and considered it a type of stone. But they had no equal in the hunting industry, which, according to researchers, spread to Greenland from here. Ancient Eskimo tools for hunting sea animals, like other items made from walrus tusk, are becoming exhibits today largest museums. Exquisite carving, strict mathematical design, a variety of nuances with external minimalism make Eskimo art a special page in the history of world culture.

“Winged Object”, Chukotka, Ekven. 1st millennium AD Photo: State Museum East

Top. Tagar culture. VIII-VI centuries BC. Bronze. Southern Siberia, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Khakass-Minusinsk Basin. Photo: State Hermitage Museum

Head of a harpoon shaft. Chukotka. 1st millennium AD e. Photo: State Museum of Oriental Art

A cult place on Itigran Island, called “Whale Alley,” was accidentally discovered in 1976 by researchers from the Institute of Ethnography of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Before this, neither local residents nor sailors paid attention to the numerous whale bones dug into the ground: the remains up to three meters high were lined up in a half-kilometer corridor. The researchers also discovered more than 50 whale skulls. According to one version, in the 14th–15th centuries, representatives of several settlements sailed to this island to perform pagan rituals, and the bones served them as mystical objects. Other researchers believe that Whale Alley was a kind of food warehouse where annual supplies were stored.

Fact: Quite recently, the mystery of “winged objects” in the shape of a butterfly found in Chukotka was solved. Researchers assumed that these were the tops of shamanic wands, parts of boats, or ritual sculptures. However, during further excavations it turned out that the “winged object” was put on the end of the harpoon shaft, serving as a counterweight and at the same time ensuring the correct flight path of the harpoon. Aircraft designers who visited the Oriental Museum came to this conclusion. In their opinion, the ancient Eskimos of the Bering Sea, having created a “winged object,” anticipated the design principles of modern aircraft.

Museum “Ancient Mounds of the Salbyk Steppe”: Khakass Valley of the Kings

Great Salbyk Kurgan. Photo: slavcharms.ru

Great Salbyk Kurgan. Photo: fotokto.ru

Great Salbyk Kurgan. Photo: blogspot.com

70 kilometers from Abakan there are ancient burial grounds that are no less impressive than the Valley of the Kings in Egypt. In the middle of the steppe there are 56 mounds dating back to the 9th–3rd centuries BC. These “fragments” of the Tagar archaeological culture came under state protection only in 2007, when the museum was created. Main value exposure under open air became the Great Salbyk Kurgan - the burial place of a powerful ruler who ruled around the 5th century BC. At that time, the height of the mound reached 25–30 meters, and in the 1950s, when excavations began, the mound rose only 12 meters. Today, all that remains of the structure is the foundation - a square of giant slabs dug edge-on into the ground, each of which weighs from 30 to 50 tons. Tourists nicknamed this place the Siberian Stonehenge.

Inside stone walls there was a wooden crypt in the shape of a truncated pyramid, to which a log corridor led. Along with the remains of the leader, the remains of six more people were discovered in the tomb, who were supposed to serve the ruler in the afterlife. When laying the mound, the ancient builders sacrificed four people, among whom was a child.

Residents of the Minusinsk Basin were engaged in cattle breeding and agriculture, built irrigation systems, mined and smelted copper ore, and skillfully processed wood. “In the steppes of the Middle Yenisei, there seems to be no place where the mounds of the Tagar culture would not be visible,” wrote Soviet archaeologist Mikhail Gryaznov.

Fact: One of the first to describe the archeological monuments of Siberia was the historiographer Gerhard Friedrich (Fedor) Miller during the expedition of 1733–1743. In 1735, Miller bought several objects of Tagar culture from local residents in Krasnoyarsk, among which was a bronze pommel in the form of a figurine of a mountain goat, considered today the standard of the early Tagar “animal” style. The researcher transferred the collected collection to the Kunstkamera in St. Petersburg. Today, that same pommel of the 8th–6th centuries BC is kept in the Hermitage.

Historical and cultural reserve "Arkaim": Country of cities in the Southern Urals

Arkaim is a Stone Age dwelling. Photo: Historical and cultural reserve "Arkaim"

Arkaim - aerial view. Photo: Historical and cultural reserve "Arkaim"

Historical park. Photo: Historical and cultural reserve "Arkaim"

In the 1960s–80s, an entire country of more than 20 fortified settlements was discovered on the territory of the Chelyabinsk and Orenburg regions, Bashkiria and Northern Kazakhstan. At the turn of the 3rd–2nd millennium BC, when famous pyramids, Southern Urals“built” by Indo-Iranian tribes - the Aryans. Their cities were 40–70 kilometers apart and were designed in a similar way. This urban culture archaeologists called it Sintashta.

The most famous monument of Sintashta culture is the fortified city of Arkaim, 400 kilometers from Chelyabinsk. It was a settlement with two rows of ring walls consisting of residential buildings standing in a semicircle. Each wall was a kind of “apartment” building. The entrance to such a dwelling was located on the roof, reached by stairs. The city had a sewer system that carried water outside the fortress walls. Residents grazed livestock, mined and processed copper ore and silicon rocks. Woodworking and ceramics production were developed. In the surrounding area, archaeologists have discovered necropolises confirming that the Arkaim people adhered to complex funeral rites.

Sintashta cities did not arise as settlements that grew over time - they had an original development plan, which is unique for Bronze Age. Some cities had an oval or circle shape in plan, others were rectangular. The concentric ring-walls of Arkaim gave rise to various hypotheses about the worldview of the ancient Aryans. It is assumed that the city was built as a smaller model of the Universe. Some researchers have also written that such dwellings reflect the “circle of time”, in which each unit is determined by the previous one and determines the next one.

Fact: While excavating burial sites in the Land of Cities, archaeologists found the world's oldest chariots - light wooden carts on two wheels. The horses were harnessed to them using ring bits. Such a cart could reach considerable speed and was most likely intended for combat operations. The earliest Sintashta cart dates back to 2026 (XXI century) BC. It was previously believed that the first chariots appeared in Ancient Egypt in the 18th century BC.

Bosporus Kingdom and Tauride Chersonesos: Ancient Greek colonies on the Black Sea

Chersonesos. Photo: National Museum-Reserve “Chersonese Tauride”

Sarcophagus. Bosporan Kingdom. I century BC. Photo: State Hermitage Museum

Excavations of Hermonassa. Photo: Tamansky museum complex

One of the richest archaeological finds territories - Southern Russia and the Black Sea region. Numerous nomadic and sedentary tribes lived here, and in the 7th–6th centuries BC to the eastern banks of the Black and Azov seas Greek colonists arrived. Independent city-states arose on the territory of the Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region and Crimea, which in the 4th century BC united into the Bosporan Kingdom with its capital in Panticapaeum (modern Kerch). Among the archaeological monuments of the Bosporan civilization, the most famous are Gorgippia (Anapa Archaeological Museum-Reserve), Hermonassa (Taman Museum Complex), Tanais (archaeological museum-reserve in Nedvigovka, Rostov Region).

Unfortunately, the buildings of Panticapaeum have practically not been preserved. The greatness of the capital of the Cimmerian Bosporus (as the Greeks called the Kerch Strait and the state located on its shores) can be judged by the artifacts found by archaeologists. Many of the ancient masterpieces ended up in the collections of European and Russian museums. Some of the jewelry and coins are kept in Kerch itself - in the Golden Pantry of the East Crimean Historical and Cultural Museum-Reserve.

In the summer of 2016, excavations began in Crimea of ​​an earthen rampart of the 3rd century BC, which served to protect the western borders of the Bosporan kingdom. In a nearby mound, specialists from the Institute of Archeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences discovered fragments of ancient Greek weapons, ceramics, and jewelry.

Within the borders of modern Sevastopol, part of the buildings of the city-state of Tauride Chersonesus has been preserved. Panticapaeum was founded by people from Miletus, a large city in Greek Ionia, and Chersonesos was founded by the Dorians who sailed on Crimean peninsula from the southern coast of the Black Sea from Heraclea Pontic. The Dorians settled on the lands of the warlike Taurus tribe in the 5th century BC. By that time, many Greek colonies already existed on the coast of the peninsula, named Tauris after the Tauri.

Boy playing with a dog. Panticapaeum. II century BC. Photo: State Hermitage Museum

Necklace with two Hercules knots. Second quarter of the 3rd century BC. Bosporan Kingdom, Panticapaeum. Photo: State Hermitage Museum

Bracelet. Bosporan Kingdom. End of the 5th - beginning of the 4th centuries. BC. Necropolis of Panticapaeum. Photo: State Hermitage Museum

Unlike the monarchical Bosporus, Chersonesos was a republic. The main legislative body was the people's assembly, but only the descendants of the first settlers had civil rights. Back to top new era power on the entire Greek coast of Crimea passed to the Romans. In the 2nd century AD, a permanent Roman garrison was stationed in Chersonesos. And at the end of the 5th - beginning of the 6th century, Chersonesus became part of the Eastern Roman Empire - Byzantium. The state historical and archaeological museum-reserve “Tavrichesky Chersonesos” houses many artifacts of the Christian period in the history of the city. It was here that he was baptized in 987 Kyiv prince Vladimir, who besieged Korsun (as Byzantine Kherson was called in Rus').

Fact: Bosporus and Chersonesos left their mark on the history of Western European music. In 1770, 14-year-old Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart’s opera “Mithridates, Rex Pontic” was first performed. The libretto is based on Jean Racine's tragedy about the fate of King Mithridates VI Eupator (132–63 BC). The ruler of Pontus, a Greco-Persian state in Asia Minor, annexed many territories to the kingdom, including the Bosporan kingdom. His life ended in Panticapaeum: Mithridates asked his bodyguard to kill himself with a sword so as not to be captured by the conspirators.

In 1779, the premiere of one of famous operas Christoph Willibald Gluck's “Iphigenia in Tauris”, based on the tragedy ancient Greek playwright Euripides. Iphigenia was intended as a sacrifice to the goddess Artemis, but the goddess at the last moment took pity on the girl and sent her on a cloud to distant Tauris, where Iphigenia became a priestess in the temple. This temple was located in Chersonesos, and it was here that the action of the opera took place.

Huge Russia is famous not only for its enviable dimensions and beautiful nature, but also for a large number of historical monuments that mark all pages of the history of the state.

Russian monuments attract tourists to Moscow and St. Petersburg, forcing passersby to throw back their heads and admire the mighty pedestals and magnificent palaces. In order to see all the monuments, you will have to spend a decent amount of time on a tour throughout the country, because significant cultural monuments are installed not only in major cities, but also in tiny “homey” towns. The most famous pedestals, of course, are located in the cultural centers of Russia, Moscow and St. Petersburg, so tourists most often direct their feet there. This article will list the most famous monuments in Russia, so that those interested can choose the most interesting and create their own tourist route in accordance with their location.

Great Kremlin: Tsar Bell

Here tourists can find two significant monument: Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon.

These monuments amaze not only with their size, but also entertaining story creation. The Tsar Bell was born with the light hand of Empress Anna Ioannovna. Perhaps the Empress wanted to fit all her ambitions into the Tsar Bell, since when announcing the desired size of the monument, foreign masters seriously thought that the Empress was deigning to joke. Only the Motorin family took the Empress’s wish seriously. They had a lot of failures with the creation of the bell, since the approval of the project alone took three whole years. The first casting ended in complete collapse, which the elder Motorin could not stand. His son finally completed the job, and now the Tsar Bell proudly rises above the paving stones. However, despite great amount effort, I never heard the voice.

Great Kremlin: Tsar Cannon

Russian monuments such as the Tsar Cannon, located on Ivanovskaya Square, attract tourists to the Kremlin area in any season of the year.

The Tsar Cannon was installed in honor of Russian artillery. Its mass is very impressive - almost 40 tons. It was originally created to guard the Kremlin, but it was then decided that its military power allowed it to savagely destroy walls rather than bravely defend them from the enemy. Like many military cultural monuments of Russia, the mighty Tsar Cannon never took part in hostilities, but still inspires awe among tourists and local residents. They came up with this idea a beautiful legend, in which it was said that the Tsar Cannon did fire one shot, but not during combat operations. They say that the Tsar Cannon fired the ashes of False Dmitry, but there is no declared evidence for this assumption. In a sense, this monument has even become a household name, since even residents of the most remote hinterland have heard about it.

Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God

Some Russian cultural monuments can boast of entire collections of legends composed in their honor. For example, people have written many stories about the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God.

All these legends were passed on from mouth to mouth, so they were constantly embellished, and now it is no longer possible to understand which of this is true and which is embellished fiction. Previously, on the site of the Temple, the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity stood. Over time, other small churches were built around it in honor of the victories of the Russian people. As a result, when about ten small churches had accumulated, Metropolitan Macarius suggested that Ivan the Terrible build one large temple in their place. The sanctuary was subjected to brutal attempts at destruction several times, but all of them were in vain. Services were banned there, only to be allowed again after some time. The Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God is located in Moscow and is a must-see for those who want to find out what monuments there are in Russia and what is really worth a look.

Peter and Paul Fortress and pages of the history of St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg is famous for its culture; there are even numerous jokes about it on the Internet.

Visitors expect refinement, politeness and extreme friendliness from St. Petersburg residents and are very indignant when their expectations are not met. There are many beautiful monuments of Russian culture in St. Petersburg. One of the most striking is the Peter and Paul Fortress. For tourists who dream of seeing best monuments architecture of Russia, you should definitely visit it. It is located in the very center of the city and is one of the main symbols of the history of the Russian land. The construction of the city began with the Peter and Paul Fortress in 1703, so its walls were witnesses of all historical events that occurred on the territory of the city of Petra. In the center of the fortress you can see the beautiful Peter and Paul Cathedral, which hides the secrets of the history of the House of Romanov. Near the cathedral there is the Commandant's Cemetery, where many commandants of the Peter and Paul Fortress are buried.

"Millennium of Russia"

The monuments and sculptures of Russia amaze not only with their diversity and historical background, but also the exceptional beauty of execution.

The “Millennium of Russia” monument, located in Veliky Novgorod, was erected here in honor of the millennium of the calling of the Varangians to the territory of Rus'. The monument was erected in 1862, approximately in September. It’s not a sin to say that this monument represents the entire history of Russia, along with its many glorious commanders, statesmen and representatives of the cultural world. Many patriotic Russians believe that the Millennium of Russia monument reflects the spirit of their great country. The monument itself is made in the form of a ball-power, which is installed on a special pedestal in the form of a bell or bell. Each part of this thematic monument symbolizes certain periods of Russian history, and the entire monument radiates pride in the country and symbolizes its greatness.

Polivanovo Estate: estate of famous families

Truly great monuments of Russia appeared on the territory of this state a very long time ago.

For example, the Polivanovo estate has stood on Russian soil since 1779. Next to the estate is the Church of the Annunciation, which witnessed the entire process of building the estate. The church was built in two years, and construction of the estate began after its construction was completed. The estate is located in the village of the same name, which got its name thanks to the glorious noble family Polivanov. Throughout its existence, the estate changed owners many times. The Dokhturovs, Saltykovs, Apraksins, Razumovskys, Davydovs and Gudovichs lived within its walls. Thanks to the fact that such famous families lived within the walls of the estate, the flow of tourists here does not dry out, gaining particular intensity in the warm season. The Polivanovo estate is not only beautiful in itself, but also located in an extremely picturesque area on the banks of the Pakhra.

Monument to Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson in Moscow

In addition to monuments glorifying the great power of Russia, there are also many cultural monuments honoring the masterpieces of the world cultural heritage. The monument to Sherlock Holmes and Doctor Watson appeared in the Russian capital quite recently, in 2007.

It so happened that it was installed just when Arthur Conan Doyle’s first book about the adventures of the famous detective celebrated its 120th anniversary. The British Embassy building is located not far from the monument, so tourists can experience the cultural authenticity of the monument if they wish. Despite this, the tourist’s attentive gaze will not escape the fact that Vitaly Solomin can also be discerned in the facial features of the characters depicted on the monument. They say that all problems will disappear overnight if you sit between two characters and put your hand on notebook Dr. Watson. Even though this belief was not justified, it is still worth trying to solve your problems so simply.

Great monuments of the great ruler

Monuments were erected in honor of the Russian ruler not only in Russia, but also in many European cities.

The most famous ones in Russia are located in St. Petersburg. Most often, tourists visit the monument with the bright name “Bronze Horseman”, which is familiar even to those who have never been to the city on the Neva. It has towered over Senate Square since 1782. Of course, many legends are associated with the Bronze Horseman, in particular about the St. Petersburg “mystical text.” Because of its duality and apparent surrealism, the imagination of the Russian people created the most incredible stories. The monument received its name thanks to the great writer Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin in accordance with his work of the same name. You can read a lot and for a long time about the monuments of Russia, but it is best to look at them with your own eyes. Words on paper cannot convey the power and grandeur they radiate.

Russia has always had many monuments. But only a few became the most famous, the most iconic works of art. So, our 10 most famous monuments in Russia:

1. Monument to Peter I - Moscow

Official name - Monument “In Commemoration of the 300th Anniversary Russian fleet" The author of the monument was Zurab Tsereteli. The grandiose sculptural composition was installed on an artificial island on the spit, at the confluence of the Moscow River and the Obvodny Canal, not far from the famous Red October confectionery factory. The opening of the monument was timed to coincide with the celebration of the 850th anniversary of Moscow. The total height of the monument is 98 meters, it is the tallest monument in Russia, and one of the tallest in the whole world.

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2. Monument “Worker and Collective Farm Woman” - Moscow

“Worker and Collective Farm Woman” - an outstanding monument monumental art, "ideal and symbol Soviet era", which is a dynamic sculptural group of two figures with a hammer and sickle raised above their heads. Author - Vera Mukhina; concept and compositional plan of the architect Boris Iofan. The monument is made of stainless chromium-nickel steel. The height is about 25 m. It is located on Prospekt Mira, near the Northern entrance of VDNKh.

Initially, the monument to a worker and a collective farmer was developed for an exhibition in Paris, but the resulting result stunned everyone. After all, not only fundamentally new materials were used for the monument (stainless steel had not been used before), but also new principles of construction. After all, before this, it was also not necessary to enlarge it 15 times from life; it was a grand experiment.

Remarkable facts of the monument to the worker and the collective farmer:

· The monument to a worker and a collective farmer was delivered to Paris in 28 railway cars, but even this separation was not enough, because some parts did not fit into the tunnels and had to be cut further.

· Before the opening of the monument in Paris, sabotage was noticed in time, someone sawed off the cables of the crane that was assembling the monument at the exhibition, after which round-the-clock security was posted from volunteers and employees who came to assemble the monument.

· Initially, the monument to a worker and a collective farmer was assembled within 1 month; people worked in three shifts, sleeping only for three hours in a nearby barn, where a large fire was always burning in the center.

· In Paris, the monument was assembled in 11 days, although 25 days were planned.

· It is a symbol of the Mosfilm film studio.

· Dismantling, storage and restoration of the legendary sculptural composition cost the budget 2.9 billion rubles

3. Monument Motherland Calls - Volgograd

The sculpture “The Motherland Calls” in Volgograd is the compositional center of the monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad”, located on. This statue is one of the tallest in the world, occupying 11th place in the Guinness Book of Records. At night, the monument is illuminated by spotlights. The total height of the monument is 85-87 meters.

Its military name is “Height 102”. During the Battle of Stalingrad, the most fierce battles took place here. And then they buried him here dead defenders cities. Their feat is immortalized in the unique monument-ensemble “To the Heroes of the Battle of Stalingrad”, erected in 1967 according to the design of the famous Soviet sculptor Evgeniy Vuchetich.

4. Monument-obelisk “To the Conquerors of Space” - Moscow

The monument to the Conquerors of Space was erected in Moscow in 1964 to commemorate the achievements of Soviet people in mastering outer space. This is a 107 m high obelisk lined with titanium panels, depicting the trail left behind by a rocket located at the top of the obelisk. The poetic lines of Nikolai Gribachev are laid out in metal letters on the façade:

And our efforts are rewarded,
What, having overcome lawlessness and darkness,
We forged fiery wings
To your country and your age!

Initially, the option of placing the monument on the Lenin Hills (today Vorobyov Hills) between the building of Moscow State University was considered. M.V. Lomonosov and an observation deck overlooking Luzhniki. It was supposed to be made of smoky translucent glass with night lighting from the inside. The height of the monument was supposed to be 50 m. At the personal suggestion of S.P. Korolev, it was decided to cover the monument with a coating of “space” metal - titanium. The height of the grandiose monument doubled and amounted to 100 m, and the total weight of the entire structure was 250 tons. The final site for the construction of the monument was a vacant lot near the entrance to VDNKh and the metro station of the same name.

The monument became a symbol of the qualitative technological leap of its time: October 4, 1957 Soviet Union The first artificial Earth satellite was launched, on April 12, 1961, space began to speak the language of man - and this language was Russian.

Together with the obelisk he was born and new type building structure - leaning tower. History preserves in its tablets only one such structure - the famous “Leaning Tower”.

5. Monument “Millennium of Russia” - Veliky Novgorod

The Monument “Millennium of Russia” is a monument erected in Veliky Novgorod in 1862 in honor of the thousandth anniversary of the founding of the Russian state. The monument resembles a bell. His top part is a ball symbolizing the power - the emblem royal power. The total height of the monument is 15 meters. This is one of the most iconic monuments in Russia, more details about it.

6. Monument to Sunken Ships - Sevastopol

The Monument to the Sunken Ships is the most famous military monument of Sevastopol, was depicted on the Soviet coat of arms of the city and is considered one of the main city symbols. The monument is located in Sevastopol Bay, near the embankment of Primorsky Boulevard. The majestic and proud monument to sunken ships is one of the most beloved by residents and guests of the city. It is a symbol and calling card of Sevastopol. Height - 16.7 meters.

There is another monument that is significant for Sevastopol - the brig "Mercury" and Captain Kazarsky. This was the first monument in the then young city. About it .

7. Monument to St. George the Victorious - Moscow

The statue of St. George the Victorious is located on the territory of Moscow’s Victory Park and is part of the memorial complex at Poklonnaya Hill. Located at the foot of the obelisk dedicated to the 1418 days and nights of the Great Patriotic War. Saint George the Victorious strikes a snake, which is a symbol of evil, with a spear. The statue of St. George the Victorious is one of the central compositions of the memorial complex.

8. Monument " Bronze Horseman" - Saint Petersburg

Bronze Horseman - monument to Peter I on Senate Square in St. Petersburg. The opening of the monument took place in August 1782. It is the very first monument in St. Petersburg. Later it got its name thanks to the famous poem of the same name A.S. Pushkin, although in fact it is made of bronze.

9. Monument to mammoths in Khanty-Mansiysk

The sculptural composition “Mammoths” appeared in Khanty-Mansiysk in 2007. Creation of this monument was timed to coincide with the 425th anniversary of the capital of Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. The sculpture is located on the territory of the famous Archeopark. The sculptural composition consists of 11 bronze monuments. The total weight of these monuments exceeds 70 tons. All monuments are installed in life size. The height of the tallest mammoth exceeds 8 meters, and the smallest mammoth is only 3 meters in height.

10. Monument “Alyosha”

Memorial “To the Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War” (“Alyosha”) is a memorial complex in the Leninsky district of the city of Murmansk. The main figure in the memorial is the figure of a soldier in a raincoat, with a machine gun over his shoulder. The height of the monument's pedestal is 7 meters. The height of the monument itself is 35.5 meters, the weight of the hollow sculpture inside is more than 5 thousand tons. “In its height” “Alyosha” is second only to the Volgograd statue “Motherland”. However, he is among the highest monuments in Russia.

7 chosen

Moscow Kremlin and Red Square, historical Center St. Petersburg, white stone monuments of Vladimir and Suzdal, the Kremlin of Rostov the Great, Kizhi Pogost, Peterhof, Solovki, the Trinity-Sergius Lavra, Nizhny Novgorod, Kolomna and Pskov Kremlin - famous historical monuments Russia, the list of which goes on and on. Russia is a country with a huge cultural past, its history still holds many secrets and mysteries, every stone of ancient Russian cities and monasteries breathes history, behind each is human destinies. In these autumn days The multimedia project-competition "Russia 10" is coming to an end, giving us the opportunity to learn about the most famous and most beautiful places of our country and in the first place are the main historical monuments of Russia, the wonders of architecture and architecture, the magical creations of the hands of Russian masters.

Kizhi

On one of the islands of Lake Onega in Karelia there is the famous Kizhi churchyard: two wooden churches of the 18th century. and an octagonal wooden bell tower (1862). The architectural ensemble of Kizhi is an ode to Russian craftsmen, the pinnacle of carpentry art, “wooden lace”. According to the legend, Church of the Transfiguration was built with one ax, which the master threw into Lake Onega, finishing his work without a single nail. Kizhi is the real Eighth Wonder of the World.

The main historical value of Rus' is the hands of its masters...

Tsar Bell and Tsar Cannon

The Moscow Kremlin is a real treasury of monuments of Russian history and culture. Some of them are the Tsar Bell and the Tsar Cannon. They are famous not only for their size, but also for their amazing history...

The Tsar Bell was ordered to be cast by Empress Anna Ioannovna. At her request, foreign craftsmen were supposed to do this, but when they heard the required dimensions of the bell, they considered the empress’s desire... a joke! Well, who cares, and who cares. The father and son of Motorina, bell masters, began work. It didn’t take them as long to create the project as the subsequent approval by the Moscow Senate office, which lasted for 3 whole years! The first attempt to cast a bell was unsuccessful and ended in an explosion and destruction of the furnace structure, and after this one of the craftsmen, Father Ivan Motorin, died. The second casting of the bell was carried out by the master’s son Mikhail Motorin, and three months later, on November 25, 1735, the birth of the famous bell took place. The bell weighed about 202 tons, its height was 6 meters 14 centimeters, and its diameter was 6 meters 60 centimeters.

They took a cast, but didn’t pick it up! During a fire in 1737, a piece weighing more than 11 tons broke off from the bell, which was still in the smelting pit. The Tsar Bell was raised from the foundry pit only in 1836, thanks to Montferrand, knowledgeable in lifting heavy structures. However, Rus' never heard the voice of the Tsar Bell...

Tsar Cannon on Ivanovskaya Square is considered a monument to Russian artillery. The length of the bronze gun is 5 meters 34 centimeters, the barrel diameter is 120 centimeters, the caliber is 890 millimeters, and the weight is almost 40 tons. The formidable weapon was supposed to guard the Moscow Kremlin from the Execution Ground, but, according to weapons experts, its power was suitable for destroying fortress walls, but not for defense. Cast by the famous foundry master Andrei Chokhov in 1586 under Fyodor Ioannovich, it never took part in hostilities. According to legend, they fired from it only once - with the ashes of False Demetrius.

Mother Rus', everything is special for her - and the Tsar Cannon does not fire and the Tsar Bell does not announce good news...

Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God

On the Day of the Intercession of the Mother of God in 1552, Russian troops stormed Kazan, the capital of the Kazan Khanate. In honor of this event, Ivan the Terrible ordered the construction of the Church of the Intercession in Moscow. How many legends and traditions are associated with it...

Previously, another church stood on this site - the Church of the Life-Giving Trinity, where St. Basil the Blessed, the most revered holy fool in Rus', was buried, collecting alms for the construction of this temple. Later, others began to be built around the Trinity Church - in honor of the most significant victories of Russian weapons. When there were already about ten of them, Moscow Metropolitan Macarius came to Ivan the Terrible with a request to build one large temple on this site.

The central tent of the Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God was consecrated first, then a small church was completed on the grave of the holy fool, and the temple began to be called St. Basil's Cathedral. The cathedral symbolizes the Heavenly Jerusalem - its 8 chapters create an eight-pointed Star of Bethlehem. According to legend, at the end of construction, which lasted 6 years, the king, delighted unprecedented beauty temple, asked the builders if they could do something similar. The price for an affirmative answer was the blinding of the craftsmen by order of the sovereign, so that there would be nothing more beautiful on earth...

Several times they tried to destroy the Temple, services in it were banned and allowed again, but it survived for centuries, just as the Russian land resisted all troubles.

The Church of the Intercession of the Mother of God is a beautiful and many-sided holy Rus'.

Peter-Pavel's Fortress

The Peter and Paul Fortress is the core of the city on the Neva, a historical, architectural and military engineering monument, one of the main symbols of Russian history. It was from Petropavlovka that the construction of the city of Peter began on May 16, 1703. All of it is history, the history of wars and revolutions, faith and love. Its bastions bear the names of Peter the Great's associates: Menshikov, Golovkin, Zotov, Trubetskoy, Naryshkin and Sovereign bastions.

In the center of the fortress is the Peter and Paul Cathedral - a symbol of the formation of a new city in Russia. It contains the history of the Imperial House of Romanov; the cathedral became the necropolis of Russian emperors, where their ashes from Peter I to Nicholas II rest. Near the walls of the Cathedral there is the Commandant's Cemetery, where 19 commandants of the Peter and Paul Fortress (out of 32 who served it) are buried.

The fortress was both the defense of the Northern capital and its state prison: the prisoners of the Trubetskoy bastion were Tsarevich Alexei, the Decembrists, Chernyshevsky, Kostsyushko and Dostoevsky, Narodnaya Volya, ministers of the Russian Empire, Socialist Revolutionaries and Bolsheviks.

Petropavlovka, like Russia itself, is both an intercessor and a prison, but, nevertheless, the Motherland...

Monument "Millennium of Russia"

The monument "Millennium of Russia" was erected in Veliky Novgorod opposite the St. Sophia Cathedral and former building Public places in 1862 in honor of the thousandth anniversary of the legendary calling of the Varangians to Rus'. The anniversary of its opening is celebrated these September days.

Authors of the monument project: sculptors Mikhail Mikeshin, Ivan Schroeder and architect Victor Hartman. To create a monument-symbol of Russian history, a competition was announced, to which several dozen works were submitted. The winner was the project of young sculptors - M. O. Mikeshin, who graduated from the Academy just a year ago, and I. N. Schroeder, a volunteer student in the sculpture class of the Academy of Arts.