Fairytale hero Ivan. "The Sea King and Vasilisa the Wise"

Lesson 6. RUSSIAN FOLK TALE

"PRINCESS FROG". IMAGE OF IVAN TSAREVICH

Goals of the teacher: develop students’ speech, the ability to summarize analyzed material; to uncover inner world hero, best features Russian folk character in a fairy tale.

Planned results of studying the topic:

Subject Skills: know genre features of a fairy tale, a scheme for constructing a fairy tale;be able to distinguish types of fairy tales, build a story about a hero, characterize the heroes of a fairy tale.

Metasubject UUD (universal learning activities):

Personal : masters new activities, participates in the creative, constructive process; recognizes himself as an individual and at the same time as a member of society.

Regulatory : accepts and saves learning task; plans (in collaboration with the teacher and classmates or independently) the necessary actions, operations, acts according to the plan.

Cognitive : understands information presented in pictorial, schematic, model form, uses sign-symbolic means to solve various educational problems.

Communication : builds small monologue statements, carries out joint activities in pairs and working groups, taking into account specific educational and cognitive tasks.

During the classes

I . Frontal conversation on the content of the fairy tale.

Teacher. Remember what happened after Ivan Tsarevich burned the frog skin? We already know that Vasilisa the Wise has wonderful character qualities. Do you think Tsarevich Ivan is worthy of her after his act (burning his skin)?

The fairy tale “The Frog Princess” is very peculiarly divided into two parts:Ipart - until the moment when Vasilisa the Wise “... turned into a white swan and flew out the window”; Part II is devoted to the trials of the prince who wants to return his wife.

In the second part, the action gradually picks up speed, new heroes appear, new storylines, Ivan Tsarevich is forced to make independent decisions and act according to circumstances.

II. Working on episodes.

Reading, analysis on questions:

1. “The prince’s preparations to find his wife.”

1) “How long or how long” was Ivan Tsarevich going to look for his wife?

2) In what mood is Ivan going on his journey?

3) Let us remember how Ivan Tsarevich equipped himself.

(Ivan very quickly got ready to search for his wife. He feels guilty, understands the unseemlyness of his act. He understands that he faces difficult, long trials. He is not afraid, he is brave, he is eager to hit the road.)

2. Meeting with an old man.

Reading in faces.

Questions:

1) Why does an old man appear in a fairy tale? What does the people represent in the image of the old man?(Wisdom, life experience.)

2) What advice does Ivan receive from the sage? Does the prince listen to instructions and carry them out?(Now Ivan has become attentive to the comments of others: by listening to the advice of his elder, he himself gains life experience.)

3. Meeting of Ivan Tsarevich with a bear, drake, hare, pike.

Reading in faces. Questions:

1) Why did the prince want to kill these animals?

2) What makes him feel sorry for them?

3) Name previously unnamed properties of the soul of Ivan Tsarevich.

(The prince is hungry, but he did not kill the animals. He loves animals. He guesses that the promises of the forest inhabitants will definitely come true.)

4. At Koshcheev's oak tree.

A retelling of the episode, a description of the oak tree, is read out by heart.

Questions:

1) Why is the meeting of Ivan Tsarevich with Baba Yaga invented in the fairy tale?

2) Good Baba Yaga or not?(She helps the hero, suggests where to find death for Koshcheev. Baba Yaga in ancient times was considered good. This is the spirit that protects the home at night - they are all Evil, Dashing, Trouble. This good spirit settled in the nearby forests. And at night, when the light went out in the huts, Yaga came out of her forest shelter and watched the peace of the village; with the onset of morning, she returned to her place. People's ideas changed over time, and Baba Yaga turned from a good spirit into an evil one.)

3) Why was Koshchei’s death placed on such a mighty tree? What does this oak represent?(The description of the oak tree represents the greatest difficulty in Ivan Tsarevich’s journey, which he needs to cope with. Therefore, they help him overcome this obstacle good forces in the form of animals.)

4) What is he like, Ivan Tsarevich? What are the best features of the Russian people embodied in literary hero?

III. Generalization.

So, before us brave hero, who has earned the respect of the reader because he is decisive, fair, kind, knows how to admit when he is wrong, and fights against Koshchei.

Questions:

1. Did you like the fairy tale?

2. What did she teach you?

3. Is it possible to agree with the saying “Good always triumphs over evil”?

I V . Final words from the teacher.

The Russian folk tale “The Frog Princess” talks about how heroes achieve goodness and justice and go through difficult trials. The heroes strive to connect with each other, as they are driven by one of the best feelings on Earth - love.

Homework: read the fairy tale “Ivan - the peasant’s son and the miracle Yudo” (p. 28-38).

December 10th, 2010

Russian folk tale is, like any folk tale, a special and unique concept. Russian fairy tales, of course, have their own laws, their own plots and structures. There are heroes - both on one side and on the other. A series of characteristic participants in the Russian fairy tale represents interesting images: images of selfish and funny authority, straightforward, naive and often thoughtless heroism, wise folk insight, fierce, sophisticated malice and cruelty, close-minded cunning, and touching, feasible selflessness. In Russian folk tales, heroes fight not only with other forces - raids of foreigners and evil spirits– but also with his compatriots.
Russian fairy tales are unique in their structure, content, and fairy-tale characters. Only in the fairy tales of the Russian people is the character and spirit of our people clearly conveyed. To this day, we continue to tell our children fairy tales, which we, in turn, learned about from the older generation.
As a rule, all Russian folk tales come in several types. The most ancient tales of the Russian people were fables - these are tales where the main characters are animals, birds and other “lesser brothers”; in them all the actions, thoughts and feelings of people are transferred to animals. Another variety is everyday tales about people. The main characters in them are ordinary people. And finally, the third type - tales of magic, magic, transformations.

1). Ivan Tsarevich

Ivan the Tsarevich is the hero of Russian fairy tales. Main actor in abundance fairy tales(for example, “The Frog Princess”, “Ivan the Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf”, “Rejuvenating Apples”, “Finist the Clear Falcon”, “Dead Princess”, “One-Eyed, Two-Eyed and Three-Eyed”).
Many researchers consider Ivan the Tsarevich to be an ideal fairy-tale hero. Indeed, in fairy tales, Ivan the Tsarevich is always portrayed as a young, handsome, active and brave hero.
N.V. Novikov believes that the image of Ivan the Tsarevich was formed under the influence heroic epic. Traces of such influence are manifested in such motives as the acquisition of heroic strength, fights with monsters, and the return to life of a deceased hero.
V. Ya. Propp correlated the image of Ivan the Tsarevich with the most ancient mythological characters who die and are resurrected every year, starting new life(Osiris, Yarila).

Common stories:
One of the most common stories about Ivan the Tsarevich is “Ivan the Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf.” The plot of the story is connected with the fact that a mysterious thief has entered the royal garden. It turns out to be the Firebird.
Ivan Tsarevich tries to catch her, but misses and only gets a golden feather.
By order of the king, the prince brothers set off in search of the magic bird. On the way they part and continue their journey separately.
Ivan the Tsarevich meets a magical assistant - a gray wolf, who helps the hero get not only the Firebird, but also a magical horse and a beautiful bride. On the way back, Ivan the Tsarevich meets his brothers, who kill him and take everything he got. The gray wolf saves Ivan the prince, he returns home and exposes the deceivers. The tale ends with a wedding feast.

2). Ivan the Fool

Ivan the Fool is a character in Russian fairy tales.
Researchers have not come to a clear opinion about the origin of this image. EAT. Meletinsky believes that the image of a persecuted hero was borrowed by a fairy tale from mythological legends, since individual motifs that make up the plots of fairy tales about Ivan are common in the mythology of different nations.
Ivan is the third and youngest of the brothers. He is born in peasant family, but most often he does not engage in any useful work, unlike his older brothers - prudent, house-loving owners. However, Ivan's brothers never achieve their goal, while he, on the contrary, gains wealth and happiness.
The image of Ivan the Fool penetrated not only the magical world, but also everyday fairy tale. But there it differs so significantly from this described sample that we can talk about its complete independence.

Common stories:
At the beginning of any plot, Ivan turns out to be an absolute outsider. The fairy tale says that Ivan lies on the stove all day long or spends time in taverns. The hero is transformed only after the death of his father. He willingly replaces his brothers at his father's grave and receives a well-deserved reward, a magic horse. Ivan hides the horse from his brothers and, using it, wins the princess. Sometimes the hero has to not only fight for the princess, but also take part in guessing and asking riddles. Ivan solves all the riddles, but no one can solve his riddles. Having married the princess, Ivan performs several feats and obtains magical objects: rejuvenating apples, living water, pig - golden bristles. He then becomes king and the plot ends.
In the second version of the story about Ivan the Fool, the hero guards the garden, into which a mysterious thief gets into at night. At night, Ivan discovers that the thief is a wonderful mare. She flies into the garden and tramples the grass. Sometimes, instead of a mare, a fire bird appears in the plot.
Ivan first catches and then releases the magical creature he has captured and receives a magical horse as a reward. The firebird also leaves him its feather. Seeing the feather, the king forces Ivan to go in search of the firebird. During the journey, Ivan obtains not only the fire bird, but also other magical objects: a cat, a toy, a ring. His reward is also a beautiful bride.
Using the second of the named varieties of the plot about Ivan the Fool, P.P. Ershov wrote the fairy tale "The Little Humpbacked Horse".

3). Vasilisa (Elena) the Beautiful (Wise)

Vasilisa (Elena) the Beautiful (Wise) is probably the most famous positive heroine of Russian folklore. The very name of the heroine Vasilisa is of Greek origin and means “royal”, “royal”, “belonging to the king”.
In Greek mythology, Basileia is the daughter of Zeus. Sometimes Vasilisa (Elena) is a merchant’s daughter or granddaughter of the Sea (other) king: “Vasilisa the Beautiful came to the sea and began to call her grandfather. The waves swayed and rose from the water old grandfather“He has a golden beard, silver hair on his head...” (“ Prophetic dream" Fairy tale). In some works of folklore, Vasilisa is a relative of Baba Yaga (her niece), which provides her with powerful support.
Vasilisa is pretty. This is a slender, white-faced girl with a golden or blond braid down to her waist. In the context folk tales the words “wise” and “beautiful” are synonyms: beauty without intelligence is worth nothing - it is too fragile and unreliable a category. Kindness, combined with ingenuity and rich knowledge, makes any person attractive, regardless of age and natural abilities.
TO characteristic features Vasilisa's natural talents include: she is a needlewoman (she knows how to weave, embroider, sew, spin, bake bread, etc.) and a sorceress (she knows the language of animals and birds, is trained in sorcery, owns magical objects and servants).
Vasilisa has a good, flexible character - she never reproaches her husband (groom) for the misfortunes that befall them and always finds the remedy that will help him out of trouble.
Thus, Vasilisa represents the image of an ideal Russian woman; she is the highest reward for the hero. For her sake they commit feats of arms. Out of love for her, the hero (even a fool) does the impossible: he crawls through a horse’s ear, dives into boiling milk and ultimately becomes a king worthy of his smart and beautiful wife.
Common stories:
Vasilisa becomes a wife fairy tale hero, who has to complete several impossible tasks. With the help of her natural skills, as well as magic, she helps her husband cope with tasks.
Another common plot exploits the theme of Vasilisa’s complaisance, diligence and ingenuity. There lived a merchant and he had only 1 daughter. The daughter was 8 years old when her mother died. Before her death, the mother gave a doll to her daughter. The doll was not simple: as soon as grief happened, the doll had to be fed and told about the grief, it immediately helped in trouble. The merchant married a second time to a widow who had two daughters. Vasilisa was a beauty, they envied her and tormented her different jobs. However, Vasilisa coped with everything. Nobody knew that she had a magic doll. One day Vasilisa was sent to Baba Yaga for fire, who does not allow anyone near her and eats people. Vasilisa does all the work for Baba Yaga, for which she gives her a skull. Vasilisa brings the skull home and it burns the stepmother and her daughters with her gaze. In the morning Vasilisa buried the skull in the ground and went into the city. She lived there with a woman. The doll helped weave and sew the most beautiful shirt for the king. The king, having received the gift and saw Vasilisa, married her.

4). Baba Yaga
Baba Yaga (originally Yaga Baba) is one of the most archaic, and therefore most complex and multifaceted images of Russian folklore. The image of Baba Yaga matches external signs with the image of a witch (see Witch) - an unkempt, ugly, evil old woman with a long hooked nose and gray hair. But that's where the similarities end.
There are many interesting hypotheses about the origin of Baba Yaga, but one thing is certain: Baba Yaga is the foremother of all things, although this truth is expressed dottedly in folklore, being buried under a heap of later layers.
Perhaps Baba Yaga, like many other ancient female images(Moira, Parka, Norna), was once a triple deity. Interethnic myths about the threads of fate that invisible goddesses weave have not spared Baba Yaga: it is she who gives seekers a ball of thread leading along the road of life, and in special cases this thread is golden:
Baba Yaga is the ruler and mistress of the three-part world: lower, middle and upper. Subordinate to her are Red (the sun), Vodyanoy, Leshy, the spirits of swamps, kikimoras and mermaids. Baba Yaga is a sorceress, sorceress, forest demon. More often she is lonely, although sometimes in fairy-tale texts we meet her daughters. Baba Yaga is related to Koshchei the Immortal, the mother of Vasilisa the Beautiful; is friends with Zmey Gorynych (knows all their secrets). She lives in a distant deep forest, has her own “transport” (a mortar moved by a pestle and a broom), her loud voice can be heard over a great distance.
As a deceased ancestor, the foremother of all living (her home is located on the edge of the forest - the border separating the world of the living and world of the dead), Baba Yaga often provides benefits to young people in difficult situations.
If the hero (heroines) comply with the required standards of behavior or have family ties she does not refuse to help seekers of happiness, providing them with magical objects, as well as instructions regarding their further actions. Baba Yaga is fair: she uses her power to punish the villains: she burns her stepmother for persecuting Vasilisa, shows Tsarevich Ivan (and others) the path to victory over Koshchei the Immortal. A guardian of folk customs, she herself observes the rites of hospitality and demands respect for traditions from others.
Common stories:
The stepmother sends her stepdaughter, whom she does not love, to her sister Baba Yaga, as if for a needle and thread (in fact it was symbol, by which Baba Yaga learned that her sister had sent her another victim to be devoured). Numerous obstacles awaited the stepdaughter in Yaga's house: the cat tried to scratch out her eyes; dogs, gates and birch trees did not let me out of the house. Baba Yaga instructed the girl to work (weave), and at that time she instructed her maid to fry her, having previously washed her in the bathhouse. On the advice of her own aunt, the stepdaughter bribed Baba Yaga's servants with gifts (gave meat to the cat, tied a birch tree with a red ribbon, gave the maid a scarf, etc.), and for this they helped her escape. The girl turned to her father for help, and he punished (according to other versions, killed) the evil stepmother.
Another group of plots more fully reveals the image of Baba Yaga as a wise ruler and foremother of all things. In these fairy tales, the heroes, not afraid of her notoriety, come to Baba Yaga for advice or go to her service, for which they are always rewarded

5). Koschei the Deathless

Koschey (or sometimes Kashchei) the Immortal is one of the most striking fairy-tale characters, making an indelible impression on the listener, especially in children's audiences.
Plots in which this image is present always make you sympathize with the main character, Ivan Tsarevich, and worry about his fate, since his opponent is strong, powerful and, it seems, invulnerable. In addition, from an everyday point of view, the image of Koshchei in fairy tales is perceived as clearly negative.
Actually, the image of Koshchei the Immortal is one of the variants of the image of the hero’s opponent, without whom the test that transfers the hero to new stage his fabulous existence. The image of Koshchei, like Baba Yaga, has a mythological basis that dates back to ancient times.
Interesting and significant are the epithets that accompany the character’s name, and are often perceived as his an integral part of. These are the definitions of “filthy”, “soulless”, “immortal”. All of them, from the point of view of mythopoetic consciousness, allow us to qualify Koshchei as a creature belonging to “another” fairy tale world. The epithet “filthy” indicates Koshchei’s opposition to the “holy”, Christian world, which reflects elements of the traditional worldview relating to the religious sphere at a certain stage historical reality.
The perception of Koshchei the Immortal as a representative of the “other” world, death, is indicated by the characteristics of his location. The kingdom of Koshchei is very far away: the hero has to go to “the end of the world, to the very end” of it.
The appearance of Koshchei in fairy tales is rather unclear. In the texts there is usually no complete portrait of this character, but only individual characteristics, mostly clearly indicating the mythological nature of the image. One of the most frequently mentioned signs is age. Koschey the Immortal is depicted as an old, “gray-haired old man,” “decrepit man.”
In fairy tales, Koschey the Immortal is credited with extraordinary gluttony, which probably helps maintain his strength. Exorbitant gluttony brings his image closer to mythological ideas about death, the essence of which is characterized by a constant feeling of hunger.
How fairy tale character, belonging to another world, Koschey the Immortal is the owner of not only countless riches, but also wonderful things. So, he has a magic sword Sam-self-cutting, and he also has an extraordinary horse. The horse of Koshchei the Immortal is endowed with various fantastic abilities.
It is also interesting that Koschey in fairy tales is, as it were, immortal, but always dies. His death is materialized and hidden so far and reliably that miraculously the main character is always present at the right moment, after which Koschey dies. This is such a conditionally immortal image.

Common stories:

Koschey the Immortal takes the heroine to the ends of the world to his home. She asks him where Koshchey’s death is hidden, conveys the secret to the hero-savior, who obtains the death of Koshchey the Immortal, and he dies.

6). Dragon

The Serpent Gorynych is an inhabitant of Russian epics and fairy tales, a representative of the evil principle, a dragon, in various versions with 3, 6, 7, 9 or 12 heads. Associated with fire and water, flies across the sky, but at the same time correlates with earth and water - with a river, hole, cave, where he has hidden wealth, a kidnapped princess (or three princesses), a noble bride, “Russian fulls”. There are also numerous offspring of Zmey Gorynych - “little snakes”. The Serpent Gorynych is not always clearly distinguishable from other similar images - the Serpent Tugarin, Zmiulan, the Fire Serpent, simply the Serpent and similar characters. The appearance of the Serpent Gorynych is accompanied by a menacing noise, like “rain is falling” and “thunder is thundering.” The main weapon of the Serpent Gorynych is fire.
According to one version, over time ancient myth acquired a new coloring: the Serpent began to be perceived as the embodiment of paganism, and the entire epic turned into an allegory of the adoption of Christianity. In the popular consciousness, the Serpent Gorynych gradually became associated with a vile, insidious person.

The name of the Serpent Gorynych refers to the image of the Fiery Serpent, known both in Slavic (for example, the Serbian Serpent Fire Wolf) and in other traditions (Iranian Azhi Dahaka, literally - “The Serpent Gorynych”, Gorynych as Gorynya, Baba Goryninka and others - from the verb “to burn” and only secondarily from the word “mountain”: sometimes the motif of the Serpent Gorynych appears on the mountain). Concerning modern perception this character, some see in him the product of the forces of a formidable element, in particular a tornado, others even see in him a giant Mongol-Chinese flamethrower. There is an opinion that the Serpent Gorynych had a very real prototype as a certain relict dinosaur, but at the same time everyone immediately stipulates that there is no factual confirmation of this hypothesis.

Common stories:

In epics, the Serpent Gorynych (“fierce snake”...) usually appears in the plot “Dobrynya Nikitich and the Serpent Gorynych”, at its two climax points: the first time when Dobrynya Nikitich bathes in the Puchai River, and the second time when the same The hero descends into the holes of the Serpent Gorynych and frees the niece of Prince Vladimir, Zabava Putyatishna.
The fairytale Serpent Gorynych does the same thing as the epic one. Robs, eats people and seduces women. In fairy tales, he can turn into a good fellow, a stone, a broom, etc. As in the epics, Ivan Tsarevich or the hero kills the villain by cutting off his head (several heads). The connection with epics is clearly visible in the fairy tale “Ivan Bykovich”, where main character before killing the seven-headed Serpent (miracle-yudo), he throws a handful of earth at it and blinds the monster. And also in the fairy tale “Nikita Kozhemyaka”, in which the Serpent kidnaps the king’s daughter and forcibly marries her. Nikita Kozhemyaka fights with the Serpent, but the forces are equal, and he invites the monster to conclude a peace agreement and divide the land equally. When it comes to dividing the sea, the Serpent swims out to the middle of the sea with the hero on his back, and there Nikita Kozhemyaka kills him.
In fairy tales, a number of motifs are associated with the Serpent Gorynych: the Serpent Gorynych fell in love with the princess; he teaches her to tell her brother-Tsarevich, but dies after being torn apart by the “hunt” of Ivan Tsarevich. In later legends, the Serpent Gorynych often has a human appearance. In the fairy tale “The Wonderful Shirt” he serves as a cook for Ivan, the merchant’s son, after he is defeated by him. But in return for the kindness of the protagonist, the Serpent seduces his wife Elena the Beautiful, harasses Ivan with her, but dies. A similar situation arises in the fairy tale “Bird's Milk”. In this tale, the Serpent Serpent is a courtier of the prince, becomes the lover of his wife and plots to kill the hero in order to seize power in his kingdom. In this plot one can clearly hear an echo of the epic “Alyosha Popovich and Tugarin Zmeevich.” In the epic, the hero’s opponent, the Serpent, enters the prince’s house and has a love affair with the princess.

7). Marya Morevna (maiden Sineglazka, Tsar Maiden, Usonsha-Bogatyrsha, White Swan Zakharyevna, Queen of the Copper Mountain,)

Marya Morevna is a collective designation for a woman - a hero, a Slavic Amazon and a ruler. This image also echoes the Aryan Valkyries.
According to some interpretations, Morevna comes from the word “mor” - death; according to others, the image of the “steppe hero” or “tsar-maiden” refers to matriarchal ideas. Fairy tales in which the Russian Tsar Maiden appears, in most cases belong to the type of adventures of Jason, or so-called. "heroic deeds" Such a beauty is known in the tales of old and modern Greek (Ωραία του κόσμου), Lorraine and Corsican (La belle aux cheveaux d"or), Hungarian (T ü nder Illona), German, Italian (Regina Angelica, Belisandra), Albanian (Bucure dheut ), Bulgarian and Serbian, Polish and Czech (D ĕva zlatovtaskà), Little Russian (Zlatokosa), Romanian (Ileana Simzeana) and many others.
Compared to similar images of heroes, the image of a woman - a hero is more sketchy. The tale contains no descriptions of her heroic strength or scenes of fights; only the results of the fights are reported. In addition, the heroine - a hero more often uses magic than force.

Common stories:
The image of the heroine - the heroine - is presented in many stories - "Rejuvenating Apples", "The Tale of the Three Kingdoms", "Marya the Morevna".
The heroic heroine lives in her own maiden kingdom. To get there, the hero has to overcome many obstacles. In most stories, the hero gets there on a magic horse, which is given to him by old women - assistants. Baba Yaga often plays this role. Assistants warn the hero about the dangers that await him and help him return.
Having reached the maiden kingdom, the hero obtains the magic item he needs (rejuvenating apples, living water, a magic bird). He also deprives the king-maiden of her chastity. As a rule, this happens during her magical (heroic) sleep.
After the hero's departure, the king-maiden wakes up, gathers an army of girls and sets off in pursuit. However, the hero manages to cross the border magical world or hides with the help of magical assistants.
Without catching the hero. The king-maiden returns to her kingdom, after some time her sons are born. When they grow up, the king and maiden again gathers an army and comes to the hero’s kingdom. There the children recognize their father. The fairy tale ends with a wedding.
The plot about Marya Morevna is constructed somewhat differently. In it, the heroine captures Kashchei the Immortal. Having put him in prison, the hero begins to stand guard at the border of her kingdom. There her meeting with Ivan the Tsarevich takes place. The heroes enter into a duel, Ivan the Tsarevich wins.
After the wedding, the heroes go to the kingdom of Marya Morevna. Yielding to persuasion, Ivan the Tsarevich releases Kashchei from prison, who kidnaps Marya Morevna and takes her to his kingdom.
Ivan Tsarevich goes in search of his wife. On the way, he meets three old women who show him the way to the kingdom of Kashchei. Having reached there, the hero tries to take Marya Morevna away, but fails.
Only after learning the secret of Kashchei's death, Ivan the Tsarevich emerges victorious during the mortal battle. The heroes return to the kingdom of Marya Morevna.

8). Emelya

Emelya (“Karmushkin”) is a character in the Russian folk tale “Po pike command" Emelya is not allowed to take part in serious matters of the family. He is extremely lazy: his daughters-in-law have to beg him for a long time to do any work, even simple ones. The only thing that can motivate him to action is the promise of gifts, which he is greedy for. This is a hidden, at first glance, unnoticeable irony; the name Emelyan, according to one version, translated from Latin means “hardworking.” However, this seemingly unattractive character has qualities that make him a true hero: he is clever and lucky.
Emelya, who actively denies any social norms, is a typical trickster. The trickster is an archaic character in the early mythology of almost all peoples of the earth and at the same time one of the fundamental characters human culture. He is distinguished by cunning, impulsiveness, and the ability to transform; acts as both a creator and a destroyer; is a deceiver and a victim of deception.

Such characters appear in world folklore during periods of social tension, when there is a need for changes in society. This is the situation when the “form” begins to dominate the “content” that has grown out of its framework, and law-abiding citizens are unable to achieve transformations because they are too “attached” to existing norms and structures.

So in the fairy tale “Po pike command": and there was something wrong with the princess (the whole palace was flooded with tears, the wretched one: either she was just capricious, or she felt sick in the royal chambers, or she was tormented by forebodings...), and the war was approaching... Therefore, a trickster was needed. But Emelya in this capacity does not behave like Ivan Tsarevich: he did not go to distant lands, and did not fight with the Serpent Gorynych... And his successes and exploits were achieved thanks to the talking pike.

Common stories:
Emelya managed to catch a magic pike in an ice hole with his bare hands and receive magical power from it. At first, Emelya uses the acquired gift for household purposes. Riding on the stove is one of the brightest episodes of the fairy tale. Among folklorists, there is an opinion that this detail indicates the royal nature of Emelya, who for the time being remains “ dark horse", and subsequently reveals his heroic, extraordinary essence.
Indeed, it is rumors about the lordly way of driving and complaints from victims that force the king to pay attention to the most insignificant of his subjects. Emelya is lured to the palace with the help of gifts, and the king makes a claim to him, which, in essence, is limited to a verbal reprimand. Emelya at this time manages to bewitch the Tsar’s daughter, so that when he goes home, she begins to feel sad and demands to return peasant son. The Tsar agrees, but when Emelya comes a second time, he immurs him and Princess Marya in a barrel and throws them into the sea. However, a magical gift helps the hero out here too: the spell “At the behest of a pike, at my will” throws the barrel ashore, builds a palace and turns Emelya into a handsome man (at the girl’s request). The king, seeing new castle on his land, gets angry and comes to look at the insolent man. He does not recognize the changed Emelya, and only during the meal the hero reveals his face and reminds the king of his villainous act. The Tsar is frightened and recognizes Emelya’s strength and that he is worthy to become his son-in-law. Like many Russian fairy tales, the story ends with a wedding.

9). Firebird

The Firebird is a fairy-tale bird, a character in Russian fairy tales, usually the goal of the hero's search. The feathers of the firebird have the ability to shine and their brilliance amazes human vision. The Firebird is a fiery bird, its feathers shine with silver and gold (Ognivak’s feathers are reddish), its wings are like tongues of flame, and its eyes glow like crystal. It reaches the size of a peacock.
The Firebird lives in the Garden of Eden of Iria, in a golden cage. At night it flies out of it and illuminates the garden with itself as brightly as thousands of lit lights. Catching the firebird is fraught with great difficulties and is one of the main tasks that the king (father) sets to his sons in the fairy tale. Only the youngest son manages to get the firebird. Mythologists (Afanasyev) explained the firebird as the personification of fire, light, and sun. The firebird feeds on golden apples, which give youth, beauty and immortality; When she sings, pearls fall from her beak.
The singing of the firebird heals the sick and restores sight to the blind. Leaving aside arbitrary mythological explanations, we can compare the firebird with medieval ones, very popular both in Russian and in Western European literature stories about the Phoenix bird rising from the ashes. The prototype of the Firebird is the peacock. Rejuvenating apples, in turn, can be compared with the fruits of the pomegranate tree, a favorite delicacy of Phoenixes.
Every year, in the fall, the Firebird dies and is reborn in the spring. Sometimes you can find a fallen feather from the tail of the Firebird, brought into a dark room, it will replace the strongest lighting.
Over time, such a feather turns into gold. To catch, Firebirds use a golden cage with apples inside as a trap. You cannot catch it with your bare hands, as you can get burned on its plumage.

Common Stories

In the fairy tale “Tsarevich Ivan and the Gray Wolf,” the main character plucks a feather from the tail of the Firebird, which flies at night to his father’s garden to peck golden apples. Having seen the feather, the king can no longer think about anything else except the Firebird, and as a result sends all his sons to get the miracle bird. A fiery feather has approximately the same effect on the king from the fairy tale “The Firebird and Vasilisa the Princess.” And for the Sagittarius, who presented the king with a feather as a gift, this gift turns into a series of almost impossible tasks. But, as in most fairy tales, the positive hero goes through all the trials and finds happiness.
In the fairy tale “The Tsar Maiden,” the main character summons the Firebird using Baba Yaga’s trumpet. A fiery bird arrives and picks up Ivan Tsarevich and takes him away from the evil witch. Baba Yaga only manages to pull out a few feathers from the Firebird's tail.

10). Ilya Muromets

Ilya Muromets (full epic name - Ilya Muromets son Ivanovich) - one of the main characters of the Russian epic epic, a hero who embodies the people's ideal of a hero-warrior, people's defender. Features in the Kiev cycle of epics: “Ilya Muromets and the Nightingale the Robber”, “Ilya Muromets and the Poganous Idol”, “The Quarrel of Ilya Muromets with Prince Vladimir”.
In the fate of the heroes of the world epic, miracle plays a significant role - and in the most important points their lives: this miraculous birth (a woman eats a fruit, a piece of fish, drinks some water, etc.), unprecedentedly rapid growth, the acquisition of strength, invulnerability, immortality, a foretold death... The Great epic heroes marked with the sign of a miracle. Ilya Muromets was also awarded three times.
Ilya does not hold any position at the prince’s court. He seems to be on his own. He is independent, rarely lives in Kyiv, but every time he is on the spot when Kyiv is in danger. A stable image of the first (in importance) Russian hero, the ataman of the heroic squad, a majestic old man, is emerging.
Ilya's most important feat is the defeat Tatar invasion. The invasion itself is described as grandiose and terrible.
Common stories:
According to epics, the hero Ilya Muromets “did not control” his arms and legs until the age of 33, and then received miraculous healing from the elders (or passers-by). They came to Ilya’s house when there was no one else there, asking him to get up and bring them something to drink. Ilya replied to this: “I have neither arms nor legs, I’ve been sitting on a seat for thirty years.” They repeatedly ask Ilya to get up and bring them water. After this, Ilya gets up, goes to the water carrier and brings water. The elders tell Ilya to drink water. After the second drink, Ilya feels excessive strength in himself, and he is given a third drink to reduce the strength. Afterwards, the elders tell Ilya that he must go into the service of Prince Vladimir. At the same time, they mention that on the road to Kyiv there is a heavy stone with an inscription, which Ilya must also “visit”. Afterwards, Ilya says goodbye to his parents, brothers and relatives and goes “to the capital city of Kyiv” and comes first “to that motionless stone.” On the stone was written a call to Ilya to move the stone from its fixed place. There he will find a heroic horse, weapons and armor. Ilya moved the stone and found everything that was written there. He said to the horse: “Oh, you are a heroic horse! Serve me with faith and truth." After this, Ilya gallops to Prince Vladimir.
The epic “Svyatogor and Ilya Muromets” tells how Ilya Muromets studied with Svyatogor; and dying, he breathed into him the heroic spirit, which increased the strength in Ilya, and gave up his treasure sword.
To be continued

Name: Ivan Tsarevich (Ivan Korolevich)

A country: Rus

Creator: Slavic folklore

Activity: prince

Family status: married

Ivan Tsarevich: character story

Hero of Russian folk tales. Usually goes through a series of tests, solves some difficult and risky task, and performs heroic deeds. The hero's father is called Tsar Berendey, and his spouses different fairy tales then the daughter (a fairy tale about), then Marya Morevna, a steppe warrior and bearer of witchcraft power, appears, then.

History of creation

Russian folk tales about Ivan Tsarevich are usually built according to a certain template. The hero has older relatives - sisters and brothers who torment Ivan at the beginning of the tale, over whom the hero exalts himself in the finale. The Tsar-Father promises a son to some powerful otherworldly colleague (sea or underground king) or wizard even before Ivan’s birth. A fairy tale plot may describe how a hero flees from the domain of such a character.

The grown-up prince also goes on a journey to find some magical thing or animal (for example, the Firebird, which flies into the king’s garden and pecks rejuvenating apples there). Along the way, the hero meets an animal helper (for example, a gray wolf).

The prince is able to save the magic horse, and it remains in the hero's service. Service animal returns dead hero to life or kills the enemies of Ivan Tsarevich (for example, evil brothers). A number of fairy-tale plots are also connected with the search for his missing wife, who was kidnapped from Ivan Tsarevich by the evil immortal sorcerer Koschey. A typical assistant in the fight against Koshchei is a forest witch.

Image and plot

The image of Ivan Tsarevich in Russian folk tales has a dual characteristic. How positive character Ivan Tsarevich appears in those stories where he fights evil and helps the weak. At the same time, the hero himself may not know that he is the king’s son, and may have been lost in childhood.

At the beginning of the tale, the hero is pursued by enemies, Ivan is poor. The hero regains his royal dignity at the end of the tale. As a reward for his deeds, he receives the throne and finds his parents who lost him.

If the hero begins his journey already as a prince, then at the end of the fairy tale Ivan will have a princess wife, half of someone else’s kingdom, a magic horse or a magic object as a reward.

In those stories where Ivan Tsarevich is contrasted with a hero “from the people,” for example, a fisherman’s son, the Tsarevich himself becomes negative character. Here Ivan Tsarevich demonstrates malice and cunning, trying to take away from the good heroes the reward that they deserve, or even destroy them. In the finale, the prince remains alive, but is punished and disgraced.

Film adaptations

Ivan Tsarevich appeared once in films and many times in cartoons. The hero appeared in Soviet cartoons“The Frog Princess” (1954 and 1971), and “Vasilisa the Beautiful” (1977). In the 1985 film fairy tale “After the Rain on Thursday,” the role of Ivan Tsarevich is played by actor Vladislav Toldykov.

In 2011, the first film from the series of cartoons “Ivan the Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf” was released by the animation film studio “Melnitsa”. Ivan starts here as a simple village guy.

The hero dreams of becoming a fireman, but accidentally turns out to be the “first person he meets”, to whom the angry Tsar Father, under the hot hand, decides to marry off his daughter, Princess Vasilisa, who had angered him. The heroes, declared bride and groom against their will, fall in love with each other, but they have many trials ahead.

In the second cartoon of the series, Ivan Tsarevich performs the functions of Minister of War and is closely occupied with state affairs, while the hero’s wife, Vasilisa, languishes from idleness.

The heroes quarrel, and in order to reconcile them, the Tsar and the scientist cat decide to arrange a comic kidnapping of Vasilisa and involve a former villain, and now a circus performer, in this case. The kidnapping, however, quickly ceases to be a joke...

In the third cartoon of the series, the Tsar Father retires, and in Far Far Away Kingdom Ivan remains in charge along with the Gray Wolf. The optional hero goes with Vasilisa on a honeymoon on a magic carpet, leaving the kingdom at the mercy of the Scarecrow, who comes to life and establishes his own order in the kingdom...

There is no exact information yet about when the fourth part of the cartoon will be released. In the cartoons of the Melnitsa animation studio, the hand-drawn Ivan Tsarevich is voiced by an actor.

In 2013, the Ukrainian cartoon “How to Catch the Firebird’s Feather” was released, where Ivan Tsarevich goes to look for the Firebird, obeying the will of his father, Tsar Berendey. The cartoon combines classic elements of Russian folk tales with modern humor and musical accompaniment in the genre of rock music.

• Ivan Tsarevich, like other characters of Russian folklore, has inspired artists more than once. The master of folklore painting especially liked the character (the paintings “The Fight of Ivan Tsarevich with the Snake”, “Ivan Tsarevich on the Gray Wolf”). Also famous is the painting “Tsarevich Ivan and the Frog”, painted by the artist late XIX- first half of the twentieth century.
• In 1975, the Filmstrip studio released a color filmstrip based on the fairy tale “Ivan the Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf,” created by the artist P. Bagin.

• The name of Ivan Tsarevich was adopted by a Russian folk metal band founded in 1999. The group works at the intersection of heavy metal and folklore and epic motifs. Released three studio albums. The band's famous song is "Live Metal".
• Among the characters of the science fiction writer, the creator of a series of books about, there is a certain citizen named Ivan Ivanovich Tsarevich.

• Ivan Tsarevich became the character of the "girl's" computer game"Vasilisa's Wedding" The game is based on cartoons from the Melnitsa studio. In the game, Vasilisa chooses a dress and prepares in every possible way for own wedding, for which you need to decorate the chambers, bake a cake, send out invitations, and so on.
• In 2012, the publishing house Egmont Russia Ltd published the children's book Ivan Tsarevich and the Gray Wolf. In the Far Far Away Kingdom” by Sergei Georgiev.

• Moscow Theater Commonwealth of Taganka Actors under the direction staged fabulous performance for children “Ivan the Tsarevich, the Gray Wolf and Others” with original costumes. For example, Koschey in the production wears the uniform of a German officer from the Second World War.
• In 2012-2015, craftsmen from the Ural stone-cutting workshop “Svyatogor” produced a series of extremely skillfully crafted jewelry figurines made from ornamental stone, petrified wood and metal. The figurines depict characters from Russian folk tales. Among them there is one depicting Ivan Tsarevich riding on gray wolf, who rushes away from the chase along with the kidnapped Elena the Beautiful.

Quotes

“I take care of her from all sorts of troubles. Live, be happy and have children! But no, give her reforms! And the reforms deteriorate the nerves and the skin of the face. And what kind of mother are you after this, if you’re all tired and ugly from work?”

"You're already here? Well done! And he said: “Why training, why training?”

"It is not right! They’ll crowd in, trample, and there won’t be a crowd!”

“Ivan: - Why are you pretending?
Serpent Gorynych: - Why am I pretending?
Ivan: - You pretend to be evil, but you are kind.
Serpent Gorynych: - Come on, think about what you are saying. I said – the axis of evil.”

Characteristics of Ivan, the prince from the fairy tale "The Frog Princess"

Answers:

1. Ivan is the youngest son of the Tsar. As it is written at the beginning of the fairy tale, “young, daring, single” 2. The relationship with the parent is trusting and respectful. This can be seen from the fact that Ivan fulfills his father’s request and shoots an arrow. And the second time, when he asks his father for advice on what to do (after all, the frog caught the arrow) and, following his father’s advice, takes the frog as his wife. 3. Ivan is very impatient (since he burned the frog skin ahead of time), not thinking about the consequences this could cause. 4. Ivan is easily receptive and often does not have his own opinion. (He burned the skin of a frog precisely because his brothers laughed at him) 5. Ivan has an iron will, is purposeful, does not give up in the face of difficulties (This is evident from the fact that he wore out three pairs of iron boots, gnawed three iron loaves) 6. The Tsarevich is trusting ( he listens to the advice of an unfamiliar old man in the forest, and subsequently to the advice of Baba Yaga) 7. Ivan is merciful and kind (He does not kill animals, although he experiences extreme hunger) Conclusion: Ivan Tsarevich is a positive character, he has not done anything bad to anyone . If at the beginning of the fairy tale we see him as homely and capricious, then as soon as he left parental care and went through the difficult path of the most difficult trials, Ivan revealed himself to us as a brave, courageous person.

“The image of Ivan Tsarevich in Russian folk tales”

Performed:

2nd grade student

Stupnikova Olga

Relevance.

• Children love to listen and read Russian folk tales. They are very kind, funny and educational. They have a lot of positive and negative characters. But we focus more attention on goodies, that is, you can learn something from them.

• Object of study- The image of Ivan Tsarevich.

• Subject of study- A fairy tale.

• Goal of the work- determination of the role of Ivan Tsarevich in the life of a fairy-tale hero: a kind, brave fellow or a cowardly person.

Tasks:

• Explore literary encyclopedias, read magical Russian folk tales, in which one of the characters is Ivan Tsarevich.
• Study the opinions of your classmates.
• Compose a generalized description of Ivan Tsarevich.
• Analyze and summarize the data obtained.

Hypothesis:

• is based on the assumption that Ivan Tsarevich is a kind, brave fellow, because:
• he helps everyone;
• overcomes difficulties along the way;
• he has a beautiful appearance.

Having studied various sources of information: books, Internet resources

Whoever you ask -

Everyone knows in Rus':

Either he is a king, or he is a peasant,

And his name is... Ivan

Etymology of the name

• Name Ivan by origin - Hebrew (Yohanan - God has mercy), and came into the Russian name book with the adoption of Orthodoxy as the name of John the Baptist. The name John is one of the iconic names in Christianity. Consequently, the name Ivan emphasizes that our hero is an Orthodox Christian.

Ivan Tsarevich

• The favorite hero of Russian folk tales is Ivan the Tsarevich. This is a positive character known to everyone, who fights evil, helps the weak and offended.

• "Princess Frog"
• "Finist - Clear Falcon"
• "Rejuvenating apples"
• "Dead Princess"
• "Ivan Tsarevich and the Grey Wolf"
• "One-Eyed, Two-Eyed, Three-Eyed"

Ivan Tsarevich seems like a failure to his brothers and father, because it fell to his lot to marry not a boyar or merchant’s daughter, but a frog. After his father’s first order to bake a loaf of bread for each daughter-in-law, Ivan Tsarevich returns “not happy, he hung his head in a riot.” In the morning, when he saw the bread, he “was amazed: he had never seen anything like it!” When the next morning he looked at the carpet woven by his wife, he simply “gasped: such a wonderful carpet that you couldn’t even think of it, couldn’t imagine it, maybe even say it in a fairy tale!” But even after this, he does not trust his fate, doubts how he will lead his wife to the feast, and suffers ridicule from his brothers and their wives. In impatience, Ivan Tsarevich burns the frog's skin. After saying goodbye to Vasilisa, he grieves inconsolably, but does not fall asleep, as after his father’s assignments, but gets ready to go on a hike. He shows determination, courage, perseverance, and endures need, cold and hunger. He shows trust in the old man, who gives him a ball, sympathizes and helps animals, he is fearless when he boldly answers Baba Yaga. He courageously

overcomes all the difficulties and adversities that

fall to his lot. Tests reveal

in him are the best traits that were not manifested,

when he lived in his father's kingdom. Like a reward

Vasilisa the Wise returns to him.

Finist the Clear Falcon - a magical character from a folk tale

• The fairy tale Finist the Clear Falcon (read "good fellow") is one of the few Russian folk tales not named after main character, and the name of a magical character. Finist is one of good heroes Russian folk art. The ability to turn into a falcon manifests itself after the girl Maryushka calls him to her. Finist the clear falcon represents pure love, easily passing through any obstacles.

Finist-clear falcon

• The beginning of the story begins according to one of the usual fairy tale scenarios. The father has three daughters, two of whom are not distinguished by their intelligence and diligence, and the youngest Maryushka is both beautiful and smart. When getting ready for a trip, a father always asks his daughters what gifts they would like to receive. The older girls only dream about fashionable things, but Maryushka dreams of the feather of the Yasnaya falcon. One day it happened that the old grandfather gave such a feather to his father, and here the story itself begins. Maryushka meets Finist, a kind young man, and, going through the dirty tricks of her sisters, sets off on the road to save her loved one from an evil witch. The girl will have to meet Baba Yaga and her sisters, and in exchange for her kindness and sincerity will receive magical gifts. They are the ones who will help Maryushka free Finist from the spell...

Why does Ivan win?

He defeats his enemies by virtue of his natural behavior. Everything helps Ivan, and his mother - the damp earth, and forests, and rivers, and little brothers, to small animals and insects. With the help of magical means and especially thanks to his “mind,” Ivan successfully passes all tests and achieves the highest values: he defeats the enemy, marries the king’s daughter, receives both wealth and fame... They help,

because he himself is bright and kind

Ivan's advantages:

• Firstly, he is not at all vain and never demands recognition and glory for his exploits.
• Secondly, Ivan is unselfish, nowhere and never does anything for the sake of self-interest.
• Thirdly, there is not even any hint in him of an inclination to kill or mock others

Portrait of Ivan

• In relation to other people:
• -Kind
• -confiding
• In relation to yourself:
• -confident
• -modest
• -selfless

• Moral qualities:
• -humane
• -fair
• -honest
• -good
• Volitional qualities:
• -strong
• -brave
• - courageous
• -hero

Conclusion

• Russian fairy tales have preserved an extremely vivid and memorable image of Ivan Tsarevich. In most stories he is kind, strong, fearless, kind and noble hero who defeats all enemies, helps the weak and wins happiness.
• The stated goals and objectives of the study have been achieved.