Don Quixote or Ivan the Terrible Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

16.1. Dulcinea Toboso is the famous Queen Sophia Palaiologos. Also described by Cervantes as a powerful Duchess

We'll start with Dulcinea Toboso. According to our idea, she is a reflection of the famous Khansha Queen Sophia Paleologus on the pages of Cervantes’s novel. Let us recall that, as we showed in the book “Western Myth”, ch. 4, Sophia Paleologue is also known to us today under the name of the famous French queen Catherine de Medici. And also under the name of the famous English Queen Elizabeth Tudor. For an ancient image of Sophia Paleologue, see fig. 1.45 and fig. 1.46. This is a fragment of the famous veil of Elena Voloshanka. We present a large number of portraits of Sophia Paleologus, under the name of the English Queen Elizabeth Tudor, in the book “Western Myth” ch. 4.

Let us recall that in the story of Esther, the powerful king grows cold towards his wife and removes her from the throne. The biography of Ivan III says the following. From his marriage with Sophia Paleolog a son, Vasily, was born, and from the marriage of his son, Ivan the Young, with Elena Voloshanka, Dmitry was born, that is, the grandson of Ivan III. A problem arose with the succession to the throne. Some were for the son Vasily, others for the grandson Dmitry. In 1491, a CONSPIRACY took shape in favor of Vasily. However, the plot was discovered, and Ivan III flew into a rage. He “was angry with his wife and son: he took 19-year-old Vasily into custody, and he began to beware of SOPHIA,” Prince. 2, p. 163–164. As a result, Sophia Paleologue was removed from the throne and fell into disgrace. Those close to Queen Sophia are executed. She herself flees to Beloozero along with the boyars, p. 116.

Dulcinea del Toboso is one of the central characters of the novel, Don Quixote's beloved. Her name constantly appears on the pages of the novel. Her real name is allegedly Aldonza Lorenzo. According to Cervantes, she is the daughter of Lorenzo Corchuelo, part 1, p. 244, 254. Most likely, these names were invented by Cervantes himself in order to get away from correspondence with Russian-Horde history.

At the beginning of the novel, Don Quixote, as a knight errant, chooses a “lady of his heart,” a mistress. According to Cervantes, she becomes an allegedly ordinary girl from the neighboring village of El Toboso. Already in our time, based on the traditional interpretation of the novel, a monument to Don Quixote and Dulcinea was erected in the Spanish El Toboso, fig. 1.47. It is made in a mocking Art Nouveau style. Ridiculous angular pieces of iron. They say it's terribly beautiful. Worthy of the memory of Cervantes.

Rice. 1.45. The left half of Elena Voloshanka's veil. Taken from, p. 61.

Rice. 1.46. Fragment of the veil. It is believed that this is an image of Queen Sophia Paleologus. It is strange, however, that she stands far from her husband, Ivan III the Terrible. Taken from, p. 61.

Don Quixote considers Dulcinea the most beautiful in the world, in her name he performs feats, glorifying his “lady and mistress.” Note that Don Quixote calls Dulcinea the EMPRESS. We quote: “No matter how many beauties there are in the world, the most beautiful of all is THE EMPRESS OF LA MANCHA Dulcinea of ​​Toboso,” part 1, p. 70. That's right. Sophia Paleologue was indeed a real Khansha Empress. Here Cervantes told us the truth.

Rice. 1.47. A modern monument to Don Quixote and his lover Dulcinea of ​​Toboso in the village of El Toboso, Spain. Following the accepted interpretation of the novel today, the monument was made in a mocking (if not mocking) style. As we are now beginning to understand, the sculptor, without realizing it, depicted Ivan the Terrible and his wife Sophia Paleologue here. However, if he had realized, he probably would have done it differently. Respectfully and respectfully. But no one explained this to him. The end result was a farce. Taken from the Internet.

Don Quixote continually describes Dulcinea in the most sublime tones. For example: “She is my queen and mistress, - therefore, at least a princess. Her charm is supernatural, for she embodies all the incredible and imaginary signs of beauty... her hair is gold, her forehead is the Champs Elysees, her eyebrows are heavenly rainbows, her eyes are two suns, her cheeks are roses, her lips are corals, pearls are her teeth, alabaster – her neck...", part 1, p. 127. And so on in the same spirit.

It is interesting that Empress Dulcinea of ​​Toboso (precisely under the name Dulcinea) NEVER APPEARS PERSONALLY on the pages of the novel, although she is repeatedly described in the words of different characters. Don Quixote remains faithful to Dulcinea, dreams of her, from time to time he is sad about separation from his beloved image, and strives to kneel before her. He describes his beloved in poetic words, very enthusiastically. Attempts by some women to attract the knight's sympathy end unsuccessfully - Don Quixote remains unconditionally faithful to Dulcinea of ​​Toboso.

Dulcinea is a character in many films, musicals, theater productions, etc. 1.48, fig. 1.49. Her image was embodied, in particular, by Sophia Loren, Vanessa Williams, Natalya Gundareva, fig. 1.50. It is clearly visible how far all these modern fantasies on the theme of Don Quixote have gone from the genuine original of the 16th century. The essence of the matter has long been forgotten. For example, if someone had told Gundareva that in fact she talentedly embodied the image of the Horde queen-khan Sophia Paleologue, she would have been incredibly surprised.

Let us now turn to the novel. At its very beginning it is said about Dulcinea. “In a nearby village lived a very pretty country girl, WITH WHICH HE WAS IN LOVE AT ONE TIME, although (Cervantes hastily adds - Author) she, of course, did not suspect about it and did not pay any attention to him. Her name was Aldonza Lorenzo, and it was she who seemed to him worthy of the title of mistress of his thoughts,” part 1, p. 53.

Rice. 1.48. Photo from the play “Dulcinea Toboso”. January 2011. Internet portal of the city of Seversk.

Rice. 1.49. Ballet "Don Quixote". Fragment – ​​The Dream of Don Quixote. Dulcinea - Victoria Tereshkina. Taken from the Internet.

Rice. 1.50. N.G. Gundareva as Dulcinea Toboso. Musical comedy based on the story of the same name by Alexander Volodin. Taken from the Internet.

It is clearly stated that Don Quixote was in love with Dulcinea and adored her. As we now understand, we are most likely talking about Sophia Paleolog, the legal and beloved wife of Ivan the Terrible. But since Cervantes is writing a parody of the life of Ivan the Terrible, he slyly distorts and declares that Dulcinea “suspected nothing of the knight’s love,” and Don Quixote adored her, they say, platonically, at a distance, unrequitedly.

The second time the mention of PRINCESS Dulcinea also appears at the beginning of the novel, after a couple of pages. The following is said.

“Then he (Don Quixote - Author) spoke as if he was DEFINITELY IN LOVE:

- O Princess Dulcinea, mistress of my heart, conquered by you! YOU HAVE OFFENSED ME BITTERLY BY SHOWING ME WITH RECORD, YOU EXPIRED ME, AND IN A FAST OF ANGER, ORDERED ME NOT TO SHOW YOUR BEAUTY IN THE EYES! I CONJURE YOU, SENORA: TAKE PITY ON THE HEART DEVOTED TO YOU, which, loving you, endures the most severe torments!”, part 1, p. 55.

Cervantes slyly turned the situation around. They say that it was not Ivan the Terrible (Don Quixote) who was offended and expelled his lawful wife Sophia Palaeologus (Dulcinea), but on the contrary, SHE TOOK OFFENSE AND expelled her lover. If we take this simple trick into account and restore reality, we find an almost perfect correspondence with the events of the Grozny era. As the Bible reports, King Artaxerxes (Ivan the Terrible) quarrels with his wife Vashti (Sophia). She is accused of not being respectful enough towards the king-husband. The king puts her into disgrace. It is said: “Queen Vashti did not want to come by order of the king... And the king was very angry... and the king told the wise men... what to do according to the law with Queen Vashti for what she did not do according to the word of King Artaxerxes... And Memukhan said in the presence of the king and the princes... If it pleases the king, let a royal decree come from him... that Vashti shall not enter before King Artaxerxes” (Esther 1:12–13, 1:15–16, 1:19, 1:21).

Cervantes says literally the same thing, but changing the places of the king and queen. Like, the queen expelled the king. And he suffered greatly because of this. For example, in the poems supposedly written by Don Quixote, the same thought is repeated three times: “Don Quixote is CRYING here with longing for Dulcinea of ​​Toboso,” part 2, p. 252.

So, in fact, King Don Quixote (the Terrible) expels Queen Dulcinea (Sophia Paleologue). Moreover, according to Cervantes, he expels her so severely that Dulcinea no longer personally appears on the pages of the novel. Although CONSTANTLY AND INVISIBLY PRESENT in the background. They talk about her every now and then, they remember her, they admire her. Don Quixote himself speaks of her very respectfully. All this exactly corresponds to the story of Queen Sophia Paleologus. She was expelled, exiled, and was not in the capital of the Empire for quite a long time. It was prohibited. However, after some time, Ivan III the Terrible repented, changed his anger to mercy and, in the end, returned Sophia.

Throughout the novel, Don Quixote constantly remembers Dulcinea and wants to meet her. However, this fails. Don Quixote explains this by saying that Dulcinea is bewitched. And he is looking for ways - how to disenchant her, free her from bad spells. He even turns to a certain talking head with the question: “Will Dulcinea's disenchantment really happen?” And he receives an encouraging answer:

“The disenchantment of Dulcinea will be carried out in due order. “I don’t need anything else,” Don Quixote remarked, “as soon as I am convinced that Dulcinea is disenchanted, I will consider that all the luck that I could only dream of has fallen to my lot at once,” part 2, p. 462.

And further: “Don Quixote thought for a long time about the answer of the magic head, but he was far from thinking that this was a deception: all his thoughts revolved around the head’s firm promise, as it seemed to him, that Dulcinea would be disenchanted. He constantly returned to this, and he was pleased to hope that THIS FULFILLMENT IS NOT SOAR OFF,” part 2, p. 467.

Thus, Cervantes slyly explains the expulsion of Sophia Paleologus and her long absence from the court of Ivan the Terrible as “witchcraft.” They say that she was entangled in a spell, taken somewhere far, far away, and Don Quixote (the Terrible) cannot find her. However, the talking head clearly predicts that Dulcinea will soon be disenchanted.

Don Quixote was very inspired by this prediction. “Don Quixote rejoiced unspeakably - he began to impatiently wait for the dawn, because during the day, it seemed to him, HE COULD CAREFULLY MUST MEET HIS ALREADY DISENCHANTED MASTER DULCINEA; and, continuing his way, he did not let a single woman pass without looking to see if it was Dulcinea of ​​Toboso,” part 2, p. 524.

Don Quixote's expectations about Dulcinea's imminent return are becoming increasingly tense. He exclaims: “If only Dulcinea regains her lost form (and I don’t imagine that it could be otherwise), HER MISCELLANEOUS WILL BE TRANSFORMED INTO HAPPINESS, and my defeat will turn into the most glorious triumph,” part 2, p. 516.

Let us now turn to Russian-Horde history. Indeed, after many turbulent events, Ivan the Terrible finally returned the humiliated and insulted Sophia from exile to the palace. SHE IS RETURNING AS A FULL POWER QUEEN. And this important event was reflected in Cervantes. At the beginning of the second part of the novel, Dulcinea actually returns to the stage and meets Don Quixote. Cervantes, of course, following his skeptical line, stubbornly portrays the matter as if Don Quixote meets only with simple village girls, one of whom Sancho Panza unfoundedly declares to be Dulcinea of ​​Toboso. They say that Sancho wanted to please his master, who throughout the entire novel unsuccessfully tries to find Dulcinea and bow to her, to disenchant her. At the same time, if we put aside the mocking decoration-disguise of Cervantes, then before us in all its glory stands the rich procession of Princess Dulcinea (that is, Sophia), traveling to meet Don Quixote (that is, the Terrible). We quote.

Sancho turns to his master: “Your honor can only give spurs to Rocinante and go to meet Dulcinea of ​​Toboso, who is coming to you on a date with two of her court ladies.

Spur Rocinante, señor, and let's go - now you will see our princess, dressed and sorted out, as, in a word, she should be. And she herself and her court ladies are dressed in gold, like burning with heat, studded with pearls, strewn with diamonds and rubies, everything on them is made of brocade more than ten threads thick, their hair is on their shoulders, the breeze plays with them, just like with the sun rays... The most elegant ladies you can imagine are coming, especially my lady Dulcinea Toboso - just right to be stunned,” part 2, p. 74–75.

Don Quixote kneels before Dulcinea, and Sancho exclaims: “O princess and universal mistress of Toboso! Will your noble heart not soften at the sight of this pillar and the affirmation of the knight errant, who bowed the knee before your high-ranking image?”, part 2, p. 75.

Cervantes immediately hastily adds that Sancho Panza is shamelessly lying, inventing something that did not actually happen. That in fact Sancho married a certain simple peasant woman to Dulcinea. But if we discard all these farcical spells of the author of the libel, then what remains is the picture of the queen’s rich cortege, which meets with Don Quixote = Ivan the Terrible. It is not for nothing that a little later the Duchess, the Duke’s wife, declares that “from reliable sources I know for certain and precisely that the village woman who jumped on the donkey was and is Dulcinea of ​​Toboso and that good Sancho. hoping to deceive another, he himself gave in to deception,” part 2, p. 252.

Moreover, in the second part of the novel, the return of the exiled queen-wife to the palace of Ivan the Terrible is described by Cervantes once again, in much more detail. This is the appearance of the Duchess already familiar to us. She appears on stage TOGETHER with the Duke, who has already become identified with Don Quixote himself. The name of the Duchess, like the name of the Duke, is not mentioned in the novel. Having appeared, the powerful ruler then constantly remains next to the Duke. They represent a friendly married couple, fig. 1.51.

CONCLUSION. The pages of Cervantes's parody reflected both the expulsion of Sophia Palaeologus (biblical Vashti) by Tsar Ivan III the Terrible (biblical Arta-Xerxes) from the capital, and her return to the court after disgrace and exile.

Let us note one more interesting detail. This whole story with the disappearance of Dulcinea and, finally, her appearance after a long plea from Don Quixote, actually means that Cervantes portrayed Ivan the Terrible in general benevolently.

Rice. 1.51. Duke, Duchess and Don Quixote. Most likely, the Duke is Don Quixote, that is, Khan Ivan the Terrible. Modern illustration for the novel by Cervantes. Taken from, part 2, insert between p. 352–353.

It turns out that although the Tsar Khan expelled his wife (allegedly for disobedience, but in fact, because of a sexual affair with Esther), he suffered later and dreamed of bringing her back. His conscience tormented him. And, in the end, he returned it. And he expelled Esther. Then he executed. See the analysis of the story of Mary Stuart (= Esther), fig. 1.52, in our book "Western Myth", ch. 4.

But besides this “return of Dulcinea-Sophia” in the form of a simple peasant woman, Cervantes described in the second part of the novel the real return of the Terrible’s legal wife as the appearance of the Duchess, the wife of the Duke (= Ivan the Terrible). Here Dulcinea = Sophia = Duchess is presented in full splendor, like a powerful queen. Here is her first appearance on the pages of the novel.

Rice. 1.52. Mary Stuart. Under this name Elena Voloshanka = the biblical Esther was described in Western chronicles. Taken from the Internet.

Don Quixote “looked around the green meadow and at the very end of it he discovered a crowd of people; approaching these people, he realized that this was falconry... and saw a stately lady on a snow-white pacer; His harness was green, and his saddle was silver. The lady was also dressed all in green, and her attire was so rich and so graceful that it seemed as if it were grace itself. A falcon sat on her left hand,” part 2, p. 223.

The Duke and Duchess greet Don Quixote kindly, because, as Cervantes slyly “explains,” they supposedly already read the first part of the story about him and respect him very much. And then an amazing scene happens. The fact is that throughout the entire novel, when in the presence of Don Quixote someone began to praise a woman, the knight immediately declared that his incomparable lady Dulcinea of ​​Toboso was better and more beautiful than anyone else in the world. No one can compare with her, they say. This is such a vivid stamp in the behavior of the blessed Don Quixote.

And only once does he deviate from his rule. And this happens just at the moment of his meeting with the Duchess. Don Quixote, unexpectedly for everyone, declares her the FIRST BEAUTY. Here are his words addressed to the Duke and Duchess: “In any situation, defeated or rebelled, on foot or on horseback, I am always at the service of you and the lord duchess, worthy of your wife, worthy to be called the PRIMARY CHOSEN OF BEAUTY AND THE HIGH LEGISLATIVE OF COURTESY,” part 2, With. 226.

Everyone is amazed by Don Quixote's words. They categorically contradict all his previous statements about women! Even the Duke is incredibly surprised. He exclaims:

“Wait, wait, Senor Don Quixote of La Mancha!.. Where Senora Doña Dulcinea of ​​Toboso reigns, YOU SHOULD NOT PRAISE ANYONE’S BEAUTY,” part 2, p. 226.

It is quite significant that Don Quixote DOES NOT ANSWER ANYTHING to the DUKE to this remark. That is, it actually confirms that the Duchess is the first beauty in the world. Cervantes further portrays the matter as if Sancha Panza is trying to somehow explain the words of her master that amazed everyone and says:

“It cannot be denied... that Senora Dulcinea of ​​Toboso is very beautiful, but... Senora Duchess, really, is no worse than my mistress, Senora Dulcinea of ​​Toboso,” part 2, p. 226.

Most likely, the fact that in this section of Cervantes’ novel the powerful Duchess is the famous Queen Sophia Fominichna Palaeologus, aka Dulcinea of ​​Toboso, comes up here. Cervantes included and processed several ancient texts in his work. As a result, in some places Queen Sophia is Dulcinea, and in others she is the Duchess (but without a name).

Moreover, when talking about the Duchess, Cervantes again inserts here the theme of THE RETURN OF DULCINEA. Allegedly, the Duke and Duchess staged a performance for Don Quixote, imitating the disenchantment and return of Dulcinea of ​​Toboso. A procession appears in front of Don Quixote, the Duke, Duchess and numerous spectators - a detachment of wizards carrying the incomparable Dulcinea of ​​Toboso on a triumphal chariot. Don Quixote is informed of the conditions for disenchanting his Mistress. They say that Sancho Panza must flog himself - three thousand and three hundred times on his bare buttocks with a whip, part 2, p. 260–265. We will not go further into the farcical details of this plot, but will only say that before us, most likely, is a clownish reflection of a real event from the history of Rus'-Horde - the triumphant return of Queen Sophia Paleologus = Duchess to the court of Ivan the Terrible = Don Quixote = Duke.

According to our results. Sophia Paleologus is described on the pages of Western chronicles, in particular, as the famous English queen Elizabeth Tudor, fig. 1.53. Thus, we were able to discover the image of Dulcinea of ​​Toboso = Duchess (according to Cervantes). And many such ancient images have survived. Of course, they are late, rather conventional, but nevertheless, to some extent, they reflect the respect of Western Europeans of that era for the great queen-khansha of Rus'-Horde.

In conclusion, a small point. Let's pay attention to the name Dulcinea. It is believed that this is a derivative of the word dulce = sweet, tender, part 1, p. 520. By the way, it is possible that dulce turned out to be a reverse reading of the Slavic word SWEET, sweet. This name could well have been used to call the Horde queen.

At the same time, Cervantes mocked Sophia Paleologue to his heart's content. For example, at the very end of the first part of the novel he cites the epitaph allegedly engraved on the tomb of “Dulcinea of ​​Toboso”:

“Dulcinea found peace forever in this grave, death dealt with her too, even though she was strong. The pride of her village, not noble, but purebred, this COWGIRL ignited the ardor of love in Don Quixote,” part 1, p. 511–512.

Rice. 1.53. Elizabeth Tudor, Queen of England. Marcus Gheeraerts the Elder. London. Taken from Wikipedia. According to our results, this is a Western European portrait of the famous Khansha Tsarina Sophia Paleologus. She is also described by Cervantes as Dulcinea of ​​Toboso and Duchess.

Let us remind you once again that SKO?TAMI was previously called SKIFOV (the letter Fita was read both as F and T, that is, SKIFY – SKO?TY). See “The Mystery of Russian History,” chap. 6:11. Only later, in the era of the Reformation, the name Skotov was belittled, they began to specifically apply it to animals, to cattle, in order to dirty the history of the Horde = Scythian Empire. It was fun. Applause from the audience.

From the book History of Russia from Rurik to Putin. People. Events. Dates author Anisimov Evgeniy Viktorovich

Sophia Paleologus In 1467, the wife of Ivan III, Maria Tverityanka, died. Everyone believed that she was poisoned. The chronicle says that she died “from a mortal potion, because her body was all swollen.” The poison is believed to have been contained in a belt given to the Grand Duchess by someone. In February 1469

From the book Course of Russian History (Lectures I-XXXII) author Klyuchevsky Vasily Osipovich

Sophia Paleolog Ivan was married twice. His first wife was the sister of his neighbor, the Grand Duke of Tver, Marya Borisovna. After her death (1467), Ivan began to look for another wife, further away and more important. At that time, an orphan niece of the last Byzantine emperor lived in Rome.

From the book The Beginning of Horde Rus'. After Christ. The Trojan War. Founding of Rome. author

3.2. The mighty Queen Dido and the mighty warrior Brynhild The correspondence between the German-Scandinavian epic and the “ancient” history of Dido and Aeneas is quite transparent and looks like this. 1) THE MILITARY OF THE QUEEN. Queen Dido-Elissa rules the great city of Carthage,

From the book Russia in the Middle Ages author Vernadsky Georgy Vladimirovich

2. Sophia Paleolog The main trends in the political program of Ivan III became obvious already in the first years of his reign. In 1463, the last Yaroslavl princes lost their independence, and their principalities and appanages were absorbed into the Grand Duchy of Moscow. Next year

From the book Ivan III author Skrynnikov Ruslan Grigorievich

Sophia Paleologus Ivan III was married in his first marriage to the daughter of the Grand Duke of Tverskoy. Grand Duchess Maria Borisovna was a humble and meek woman. Andrei Kurbsky called her a saint. She did not seem to interfere in management matters. The princess died when she was not even 30 years old.

From the book The Founding of Rome. The beginning of Horde Rus'. After Christ. Trojan War author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

3.2. The powerful Queen Dido and the mighty warrior Brynhild The correspondence between the German-Scandinavian epic and the “ancient” history of Dido and Aeneas is quite transparent and looks like this. The bellicosity of the Queen Queen Dido-Elissa rules the great city of Carthage, the capital

From the book Reconstruction of True History author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

30. The famous Joan of Arc is described in the Bible under the name of the prophetess and warrior Deborah “Jeanne d’Arc, Maid of Orleans (c. 1412–31), folk heroine of France. From a peasant family. During the Hundred Years' War 1337–1453, she led the struggle of the French people against

From the book Emperors of Byzantium author Dashkov Sergey Borisovich

Zoya (Sophia) Paleologus (c. 1456–1503) The youngest child in the family of despot Thomas was Zoya Paleologus. In 1466, on the initiative of the papal curia, she was betrothed to the Roman aristocrat Carraciolo, but he soon died. In February 1469, the Greek Cardinal Vissarion, in an effort to find his needy niece

From the book Book 1. Western myth [“Ancient” Rome and the “German” Habsburgs are reflections of the Russian-Horde history of the 14th–17th centuries. The legacy of the Great Empire in cult author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

Chapter 9 The famous Joan of Arc is described in the Bible under the name of the prophetess and warrior Deborah. This parallelism was discovered on the basis of chronological shifts identified in the global chronological map of A.T. Fomenko, see “Numbers against Lies”, ch. 5–6, and “Antiquity is

author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

Chapter 1 Don Quixote is Ivan the Terrible; Sancho Panza is his co-ruler Simeon Bekbulatovich; Dulcinea Toboso is Sophia Paleologus, the wife of Ivan the Terrible; the Asturian Maritornes is Elena Voloshanka, aka the biblical Esther; Bachelor Samson Carrasco is Prince Andrei

From the book Don Quixote or Ivan the Terrible author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

14.5. The Duke is Ivan the Terrible, and the Duchess is Sophia Paleologus. Let us note once again that in the second part of the novel, plots involving the Duke (Ivan the Terrible) and the Duchess (Sophia Paleologus) occupy a central place. It is they who organize the “flight” of Don Quixote and Sancho Panza to

From the book Don Quixote or Ivan the Terrible author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

16. The story of Esther as told mockingly by Cervantes. Don Quixote is Ivan the Terrible; Dulcinea Toboso is Sophia Paleologus, the wife of Ivan the Terrible; and Asturian Maritornes is Elena Voloshanka

From the book Sophia Paleolog [with altered headings] author Gorbunov Yuniy

Sophia Paleologus If nature had endowed me with talent and encouraged me to sculpt a woman of the Grand Duke of Rus', promising to deliver any nature I needed, no matter how far in the centuries she might be, I would probably ask to return the Grand Duchess Sophia of Moscow from oblivion

From the book World of History: Russian lands in the XIII-XV centuries author Shakhmagonov Fedor Fedorovich

Sophia Paleologus Having completed the first stage of the conquest of Novgorod and realizing that the “Novgorod business” was not over, Ivan Vasilyevich took up Horde affairs. Not seeing the possibility of reaching mutual understanding with the Khan of the Great Horde Akhmat and seeing the inevitability of a decisive

From the book Russian Historical Women author Mordovtsev Daniil Lukich

From the book Joan of Arc, Samson and Russian History author Nosovsky Gleb Vladimirovich

Chapter 1 The famous Joan of Arc is described in the Bible under the name of the prophetess and warrior Deborah. This parallelism was discovered based on the methodology of chronological shifts identified in the global chronological map, see [MET1], [MET2] (and also KHRON1,

Dulcinea of ​​Toboso (Spanish Dulcinea del Toboso) (real name Aldonza Lorenzo (Spanish Aldonza Lorenzo)) is the central character of Miguel Cervantes’s novel “The Cunning Hidalgo Don Quixote of La Mancha”, the beloved, lady of the heart of the hero of the novel. At the beginning of the work, Don Quixote accepts decision to become a knight errant, and according to the laws of a knightly romance, he needs to choose a lady of his heart with whom he could fall in love, because, in the words of the hero, a knight without love is “like a body without a soul.” And such a beautiful lady for Don Quixote becomes an ordinary girl from the neighboring village of El Toboso - Aldonza Lorenzo, named by the main character Dulcinea of ​​Toboso, the most beautiful of all women. In her name, he performs feats, always and everywhere glorifying her name. At the same time, Don Quixote himself is not completely sure of her existence; she never appears on the pages of the novel, but is described many times in the words of different characters. Don Quixote describes her in the following words: “Her charm is supernatural,<…>, for she embodies all the incredible signs of beauty that poets bestow on their beloved: her hair is gold, her forehead is the Champs Elysees, her eyebrows are heavenly rainbows, her eyes are two suns, her cheeks are roses, her lips are corals, pearls are her teeth, alabaster is her neck, marble is percy, ivory is her hands, the whiteness of her skin is snow...” The following description of Dulcinea is given by Sancho Panza to his master: “<…>and I can say that she throws barra no worse than the heaviest guy in our entire village. The girl, oh-oh-oh, don’t joke with her, and a seamstress, and a reaper, and a player of the pipe, and a master of standing up for herself, and any knight errant or just about to wander, if she agrees to become his beloved, will be after her, like behind a stone wall. And the throat, honest mother, and the voice!<…>And most importantly, she is not a pretentious person at all - that’s what is dear, she is ready for any service, she will laugh with everyone and make fun and amusement out of everything.” Dulcinea Toboska is a character in many films, musicals, and theatrical productions based on the original novel. At various times, her image on screen and on stage was embodied by: Sophia Loren, Vanessa Williams, Natalya Gundareva and others. The prototype of Dulcinea Toboso was a real woman - Dona Anna Martinez Sarco de Morales, who lived in El Toboso at the end of the 16th century. This was the “first love” of the great Spanish writer. By the way, the writer’s wife Catalina Palacios, whose uncle’s name was Alonso Quijada, was also from El Toboso. One of Cervantes’ letters has survived, in which he addresses his beloved “Dulce Ana” (“Dulce Ana” - “Sweet Anna”). Apparently, the name of the heroine of the immortal novel was born from this appeal.
The Dulcinea Museum is located, as it should be, on Don Quixote Street. It is believed that it was in this house that Anna lived, who became the prototype of the Beautiful Lady of the “errant knight”. The Museum has recreated down to the smallest detail the everyday furnishings of the 16th-17th centuries, and presents authentic products and tools of those times.

Let's remember everything we know about Dulcinea Toboso. We know that her name is a romantic invention of Don Quixote, but we also know from him and his squire that in the village of Toboso, a few miles from his own village, lives the prototype of this princess. We know that in the reality of this book her name is Aldonza Lorenzo, and that she is a pretty peasant girl, skilled in salting pork and winnowing grain. This is all. The emerald green eyes that Don Quixote attributes to her out of a shared love for the color green with his creator are most likely a romantic fiction, as is the strange name. What do we know other than this? The description that Sancho gives her should be rejected, since he invented the story of giving her his master’s letter. However, he knows her well - she is a dark, tall, strong girl, with a loud voice and a teasing laugh. In the twenty-fifth chapter, before going to her with a message, Sancho describes her to his master: “and I can say that she throws barra no worse than the heaviest guy in our entire village. The girl, oh-oh-oh, don’t joke with her, and a seamstress, and a reaper, and a player of the pipe, and a master of standing up for herself, and any knight errant or just about to wander, if she agrees to become his beloved, will be after her, like behind a stone wall. And the throat, honest mother, and the voice! And most importantly, she is not a pretentious person at all - that’s what is precious, she is ready for any service, she will laugh with everyone and make fun and amusement out of everything.”

At the end of the first chapter, we learn that at one time Don Quixote was in love with Aldonza Lorenzo - of course, platonically, but every time he happened to pass through Toboso, he admired this pretty girl. “And so she seemed to him worthy of the title of mistress of his thoughts; and, choosing a name for her that would not differ too sharply from her own and at the same time would resemble and be close to the name of some princess or noble lady, he decided to call her Dulcinea Toboso,- for she was originally from Toboso - a name, in his opinion, pleasant to the ear, refined and thoughtful, like all the names he had previously invented.” In the twenty-fifth chapter we read that he loved her for twelve whole years (he is now about fifty), and in all these twelve years he saw her only three or four times and never spoke to her, and, of course, she did not notice his glances .

In the same chapter, he instructs Sancho: “So, Sancho, in what I need from Dulcinea of ​​Toboso, she will not yield to the noblest princess in the world. But not all the ladies whom poets glorify and to whom they give names according to their wishes exist in reality. Do you really think that these Amarylis, Dianas, Silvias, Phillies, Galateas, Philidas, with whom novels, songs, barbers, theaters are full, are different, that they are all really living beings, beloved of those who glorified them and glorify them to this day? Of course, no, most of them were invented by poets so that they would have someone to write poems about and so that they themselves would be revered as lovers and as people worthy of love. That is why it is enough for me to imagine and believe that the good Aldonza Lorenzo is beautiful and pure, and I have little need for her family - after all, she does not join the order, which means there is no need to inquire about it - in a word, in my opinion, this is the noblest princess in world." And Don Quixote concludes: “You need to know, Sancho, if you don’t already know it, that more than anything else, two things excite love, which are great beauty and a good name, and Dulcinea has the right to be proud of both.” : in beauty she has no rivals, and only very few have as good a name as her. In short, I believe that everything I have said now is the absolute truth and that not a single word can be added or subtracted here, and it appears to my imagination the way I want it: both in terms of beauty and in terms of nobility, and Elena cannot be compared to her, and Lucretia and no other of the glorious women of the past centuries will rise to her level - you will not find her equal either among the Greeks, or among the Latins, or among the barbarians. But let people say whatever they want, for if the ignorant begin to blame me, then the strict judges will whitewash me” (30).

During the crazy adventures of our knight with his memories of Aldonza Lorenzo, something happens, specific details fade and the image of Aldonza dissolves in a romantic generalization called Dulcinea, therefore, in the ninth chapter of the second part, when in search of the lady of his heart, Don Quixote arrives with Sancho in Toboso, he rather irritably declares to his squire: “Listen, heretic, haven’t I told you many times that I have never seen the incomparable Dulcinea or crossed the threshold of her palace and that I fell in love with her only by rumor, for I heard loud glory about her beauty and intelligence? The image of Dulcinea permeates the entire book, but, contrary to expectations, the reader never meets her in Toboso.

Let's remember everything we know about Dulcinea Toboso. We know that her name is a romantic invention of Don Quixote, but we also know from him and his squire that in the village of Toboso, a few miles from his own village, lives the prototype of this princess. We know that in the reality of this book her name is Aldonza Lorenzo, and that she is a pretty peasant girl, skilled in salting pork and winnowing grain. This is all. The emerald green eyes that Don Quixote attributes to her out of a shared love for the color green with his creator are most likely a romantic fiction, as is the strange name. What do we know other than this? The description that Sancho gives her should be rejected, since he invented the story of giving her his master’s letter. However, he knows her well - she is a dark, tall, strong girl, with a loud voice and a teasing laugh. In the twenty-fifth chapter, before going to her with a message, Sancho describes her to his master: “and I can say that she throws barra no worse than the heaviest guy in our entire village. The girl, oh-oh-oh, don’t joke with her, and a seamstress, and a reaper, and a player of the pipe, and a master of standing up for herself, and any knight errant or just about to wander, if she agrees to become his beloved, will be after her, like behind a stone wall. And the throat, honest mother, and the voice! And most importantly, she is not a pretentious person at all - that’s what is precious, she is ready for any service, she will laugh with everyone and make fun and amusement out of everything.”

At the end of the first chapter, we learn that at one time Don Quixote was in love with Aldonza Lorenzo - of course, platonically, but every time he happened to pass through Toboso, he admired this pretty girl. “And so she seemed to him worthy of the title of mistress of his thoughts; and, choosing a name for her that would not differ too sharply from her own and at the same time would resemble and be close to the name of some princess or noble lady, he decided to call her Dulcinea Toboso,- for she was originally from Toboso - a name, in his opinion, pleasant to the ear, refined and thoughtful, like all the names he had previously invented.” In the twenty-fifth chapter we read that he loved her for twelve whole years (he is now about fifty), and in all these twelve years he saw her only three or four times and never spoke to her, and, of course, she did not notice his glances .

In the same chapter, he instructs Sancho: “So, Sancho, in what I need from Dulcinea of ​​Toboso, she will not yield to the noblest princess in the world. But not all the ladies whom poets glorify and to whom they give names according to their wishes exist in reality. Do you really think that these Amarylis, Dianas, Silvias, Phillies, Galateas, Philidas, with whom novels, songs, barbers, theaters are full, are different, that they are all really living beings, beloved of those who glorified them and glorify them to this day? Of course, no, most of them were invented by poets so that they would have someone to write poems about and so that they themselves would be revered as lovers and as people worthy of love. That is why it is enough for me to imagine and believe that the good Aldonza Lorenzo is beautiful and pure, and I have little need for her family - after all, she does not join the order, which means there is no need to inquire about it - in a word, in my opinion, this is the noblest princess in world." And Don Quixote concludes: “You need to know, Sancho, if you don’t already know it, that more than anything else, two things excite love, which are great beauty and a good name, and Dulcinea has the right to be proud of both.” : in beauty she has no rivals, and only very few have as good a name as her. In short, I believe that everything I have said now is the absolute truth and that not a single word can be added or subtracted here, and it appears to my imagination the way I want it: both in terms of beauty and in terms of nobility, and Elena cannot be compared to her, and Lucretia and no other of the glorious women of the past centuries will rise to her level - you will not find her equal either among the Greeks, or among the Latins, or among the barbarians. But let people say whatever they want, for if the ignorant begin to blame me, then the strict judges will whitewash me” (30).

During the crazy adventures of our knight with his memories of Aldonza Lorenzo, something happens, specific details fade and the image of Aldonza dissolves in a romantic generalization called Dulcinea, therefore, in the ninth chapter of the second part, when in search of the lady of his heart, Don Quixote arrives with Sancho in Toboso, he rather irritably declares to his squire: “Listen, heretic, haven’t I told you many times that I have never seen the incomparable Dulcinea or crossed the threshold of her palace and that I fell in love with her only by rumor, for I heard loud glory about her beauty and intelligence? The image of Dulcinea permeates the entire book, but, contrary to expectations, the reader never meets her in Toboso.