Extracurricular reading Rudyard Kipling's fairy tale “Where did armadillos come from? Works of R. Kipling
English writer, prose writer and poet Rudyard Joseph Kipling Joseph Kipling (1865-1936) entered children's literature as the author of the famous story about Mowgli and the humorous and ironic "Fairy Tales", although the writer also had other works intended for children and youth.
Kipling has very original, unusual tales, and they are unusual, first of all, because their main characters - people and animals - coexist as equal, equal inhabitants of planet Earth. These tales are called animalistic. Animals in an animalistic fairy tale are depicted as they are in life, their character, habits, habits are depicted, and in no case do they mean people - this is the main difference between these fairy tales and folk tales about animals.
In addition, these fairy tales are also unusual in that they raise very important, philosophical, and not at all fairy-tale questions. For example, can a person survive in the society of animals, deprived of human society (it’s not for nothing that the children raised by animals, with the light hand of Kipling, are called “Mowgli” by scientists around the world) or the question of how writing appeared on earth, how it was the first letter was written.
His real fame as a children's writer was brought to him by the collection “Simply Fairy Tales” or “Little Tales”. These are not “just” fairy tales, but an incredibly homely book written by a loving father for a beloved child, and children cannot help but notice and appreciate it. The writer thought of them as answers to the questions of his own children.
As a playful and ironic answer to the countless where, how, why of his daughter Elsie and fairy tales were written. They are named: “Where did armadillos come from”, “Why does a camel have a hump”, “Where does a whale have such a narrow throat”, “Where does a rhinoceros have folded skin”, etc.
Kipling's tales follow the tradition of so-called "etiological tales" ("etiological" from the Greek words "cause", "concept, doctrine"), that is, just those that explain something, for example, why the hyena's hind legs are shorter than its front ones, why is the hare cowardly? Etiological tales are known to all peoples of the world - there are many of them in African and Australian folklore. But Kipling did not process existing fairy tales, but created his own, having mastered the general principles of folk tales.
His tales begin with a loving appeal to a child (“Little Elephant”): “It’s only now, my dear boy, that the elephant has a trunk.” But the point, of course, is not only in the conversion itself. The entire artistic structure of the fairy tale bears the imprint of the live communication of the narrator with the child listening to him. As shown by researchers, Kipling even used specific children's vocabulary, which was completely understandable to children. It would be appropriate to note here that Kipling continued the tradition of English children's literature - he himself illustrated his fairy tales and gave explanations for the illustrations.
Communication with a child is most noticeable in the special intonation of Kipling the storyteller (“Why does the whale have such a throat”): “It was a long time ago, my dear boy. Once upon a time there lived a Keith. He swam in the sea and ate fish. He ate bream, and ruff, and beluga, and stellate sturgeon, and herring, and the nimble, fast eel. Whatever fish he comes across, he will eat. He opens his mouth, and he’s done!”
The fairy-tale narration is interrupted by inserted remarks, specially intended for little listeners, so that they remember some detail, pay attention to something especially important for themselves.
About the Sailor, who was in the womb of the Whale, Kipling says: “The Sailor is wearing blue canvas trousers and suspenders (look, my dear, don’t forget about the suspenders!), and a hunting knife at the side of his belt. The Sailor is sitting on a raft, with his legs dangling in the water (his mother allowed him to dangle his bare legs in the water, otherwise he would not have dangled, because he was very smart and brave).”
And whenever the subject of the Sailor and his blue trousers comes up, Kipling will not fail to remind again and again: “Please don’t forget about your suspenders, my dear!” This style of Kipling the storyteller is explained not only by the desire to play up an essential detail in the development of the action: the Sailor used suspenders to tie up thin splinters that he inserted into Keith’s throat - “Now you understand why you should not have forgotten about the suspenders!” But even after everything has been told, at the very end of the tale, Kipling will again talk about the suspenders that were useful to the Sailor: “The blue canvas trousers were still on his feet when he walked on the pebbles near the sea. But he was no longer wearing suspenders. They remained in Keith's throat. They tied together splinters, from which the Sailor made a lattice.”
The cheerful inspiration of Kipling the narrator gives fairy tales a special charm. That's why he plays up some detail he likes, repeating it many times. For the same reason, the writer gives the child fantastic paintings imbued with everyday humor. The whale, sailing towards England, sounds like a conductor shouting out the names of the stations: “It’s time to get out!” Transfer! Nearest stations: Winchester, Ashuelot, Nashua, Keene and Fitchboro.”
The poetic detailing of the action reveals the humorous and ironic intent of the fairy tale, bringing it closer to the cheerful humoresques of English folk children's poetry. In the fairy tale “The Cat that Walked by itself” the word “wild” is played on many times - the action takes place in a distant time when tame animals were still wild: “The Dog was wild, and the Horse was wild, and the Sheep was wild, and they were all wild and wild and wandered wildly through the Wet and Wild forests. But the wildest was the Wild Cat - “she wandered wherever she pleased, and walked on her own.” Everything in the world was still wild - and it is said about people: “That evening, my dear boy, they dined on wild sheep, roasted on hot stones, seasoned with wild garlic and wild pepper. Then they ate wild duck stuffed with wild rice, wild grass and wild apples; then cartilages of wild bulls; then wild cherries and wild pomegranates.” And even the legs of the Wild Horse and the Wild Dog are wild, and they themselves speak “wildly”. The varied use of the same word brings the narrative closer to a humorous joke.
Using a skillful technique of repetition, the writer achieves a remarkable comic effect (“Where did armadillos come from”). The stupid Jaguar, who decided to follow the advice of the Jaguar Mother, was completely confused by the smart Turtle and the cunning Hedgehog. “You say that I say that she said something else,” said the Turtle. “So what of that?” After all, if, as you said, she said what I said, then it turns out that I said what she said.” From such confusing speeches, the painted Jaguar feels that “even the spots on his back hurt.”
In Kipling's fairy tales, the same turns, words, expressions, phrases and even entire paragraphs are repeated many times: mother Jaguar gracefully waves her graceful tail, the Amazon is called a “muddy river”, and the Limpopo is called “dirty, muddy green, wide”, Turtle is everywhere “leisurely”, and the Hedgehog is “thorny”, the Jaguar is “painted”, etc.
The whole combination of these figurative and stylistic devices gives fairy tales an unusually bright artistic originality - they turn into a fun game with words. Kipling revealed to his little listeners the poetry of distant travels, strange life on distant continents. She calls to the world of the unknown, mysteriously beautiful.
With his poetry of recognition of the world, spiritual health, irony and jokes, Kipling as a writer gained universal recognition among teachers. The best properties of his artistic talent were revealed precisely in fairy tales.
Children really liked the tale from The Jungle Book about the glorious mongoose who declared a merciless war on the cobras Naga and Nagaina (“Rikki-Tikki-Tavi”). He exudes the poetry of tropical adventures, dangers and victories. A short poem introduces the story in which the mongoose Rikki-Tikki-Tavi will defeat the huge snakes Naga and Nagaina, prevent the snake cubs from hatching and save the family of people feeding him from cruel death.
Children all over the world read stories about the boy Mowgli. It must be said that Kipling did not have a separate work “Mowgli” - these stories are parts of “The Jungle Book”. “The Jungle Books” was created using a mosaic principle. They consist of fifteen fragments, of which only eight are related to the story of Mowgli, but even those are not arranged in a logical sequence, but alternate with stories about the White Cat and the little mongoose Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, as well as other stories.
These fragments are independent, but form a single artistic world. The main characters of the collection are the boy Mowgli, the leader of the wolf pack Akelo, the bear Balu, the panther Bagheera, the wise python Kaa, the cruel and lonely tiger Sherkhan, his constant companion, the insidious and hypocritical jackal Tabaqui, the elephant Hathi, the brave mongoose Rikki-Tikki-Tavi, his enemies are cobras Nag and Nagaina, a persistent and inquisitive White Cat who was looking for the best island for his relatives.
In almost all of Kipling’s fairy tale collections, the text is structured according to the following principle: each fairy tale is preceded by a small (and only occasionally, several pages long) poem, which creates the “mood” of the subsequent prose. In The Jungle Books, the author also combined poetry and prose. The idea of each fragment is presented in the form of a poetic epigraph, and the prose text reveals it.
Kipling's jungle appears as a world of struggle for existence, a confrontation between two instincts - creation and destruction, life and death. The jungle world consists of communities subordinate to each other: family, pack, people. The pack always has its leader, who ensures order, and order is a condition of life. A society without a leader (like Banderlog) is moving towards self-destruction. The law of the jungle allows hunting as killing for life, but prohibits killing for pleasure.
The Jungle Book is somewhat like a fable, a fairy tale and a myth. However, this work does not belong to any of these genres. In the fable, people are depicted as animals, and in The Jungle Book the animals, although they talk, still remain animals. In fairy tales, thanks to a miracle, the plot moves from misfortune to happiness. And in The Jungle Book, happiness and misfortune naturally alternate. The story is based more on the laws of nature than on fairy tales.
Kipling's book shows the real laws of nature from an unusual angle. The entire book is subject to the correct rhythm: violation of the law - renewal of laws. If the tiger Shere Khan violates one of the most important laws of the jungle - not to hunt a person, he must be punished, and is soon defeated by the human cub Mowgli. If the gray monkeys violate the ban (they are not allowed to interfere in the affairs of the jungle), then Fear, the huge python Kaa, is their punishment.
The Jungle Books is based on rich Indian folklore. Fairy tales are filled with exotic extreme situations and keep you in constant suspense.
But Rudyard Kipling also has completely different tales, written based on the events of the distant past of England, on the material of its folklore and legends. They are the ones collected in the book “Tales of Old England”
Many literary scholars classify these tales as fantastic tales. Kipling, in fact, was one of the founders of the “fantasy” genre, creating a fairy-tale epic in two volumes - “Puck of the Magic Hills” and “Gifts of the Fairies.”
Kipling borrowed his main character, Puck, or Good Robin, from Shakespeare. This forest spirit, often mischievous, but kind and sympathetic to the undeservedly offended, is found in many folk tales, from where it was taken by Shakespeare. By coincidence, Puck appears in front of the children Yuna and her brother Dann. Puck tells them the history of England and amuses them with his tricks and magic. Kipling's dilogy is a classic of the fantasy genre - magical stories about elves and spirits.
The plot of the fairy tales was also suggested by life. Kipling, along with his children John and Elsie, acted out scenes from Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream. Their stage was an abandoned quarry overgrown with grass. John played Puck, Elsie played Titania, and Kipling himself played the weaver Warp, and for his role he took out a paper donkey's head. This is roughly how the first fairy tale begins. Tales of old England are special tales. They were called differently: historical stories, instructive parables, romantic fairy tales, putting one or another of their features in the first place. Of course, there is instructiveness in them, but it is presented covertly and imperceptibly under external influence, so that it is not always visible.
The author himself admitted that in his fairy tales he “hid” something: “I arranged the material in three or four layers superimposed on each other, which may or may not be revealed to the reader, depending on his age and life experience.” . Therefore, it is not always easy to determine what this or that fairy tale is about: some think it’s about one thing, others think it’s about something else. Much in these tales may seem unusual and, therefore, incomprehensible, especially upon first reading. Fragmentary images, vague descriptions and comparisons, unusual psychological motivation for some remarks - all this may seem difficult at first. But, only from the beginning. These tales are thought out and verified by the author to the last word. They are designed to be read (precisely read, and not perceived by ear, such as, for example, “Fairy tales just like that”).
Moreover, it is better to read them more than once, and then with each new reading, new, previously unnoticed details will be revealed to you, and unclear phrases will become clear. In Kipling, all the details are very important. Kipling calls for a closer look at the surrounding land. Through the mouth of Pak, he says that it contains much more than the people living on it think. The land that absorbed the sweat of thousands of unknown workers and the blood of defenders, the land on which the spirit of the people was forged, the land that merged with history and itself became history - it is she who is the true hero of Kipling’s fairy tales, it is she who helps modern people to correctly understand their place in life.
The two-volume set consists of twenty-one short stories, none of which specifically indicate a date or century. The reader must guess this himself, which is facilitated by hints generously scattered throughout the text of the books.
Conclusion
Rudyard Kipling was called the “lawless comet” that burst into English literature. And there were reasons for this: in the era of literary timelessness, his works attracted attention for their harmony and clarity, strength and courage, vitality and healthy optimism of the characters.
The rich language of Kipling's works, full of metaphors, made a great contribution to the treasury of the English language.
The treasury of world culture includes those creations of Kipling that are marked by the spirit of humanism, subtle skill, observation, poetic courage and originality, closeness to the democratic traditions of folklore of English and other peoples.
In addition, Kipling in English literature is noted for the presence of four lifetime collected works, an unusual fact for England, which knows almost no lifetime collected works.
Biography of Rudyard Kipling
Lesson. Tales of R. Kipling
Goals: To consolidate students’ knowledge about R. Kipling’s fairy tales, teach them to work with text, highlight the main idea of a read work, cultivate curiosity, and a desire to find answers to questions asked.
Equipment: Exhibition of books, illustrations for fairy tales read, drawings by students.
DURING THE CLASSES
Organizing time.
Checking the d.z.
State the topic and purpose of the lesson.
Working on the topic of the lesson.
Brief biography of the writer.
Biography of Rudyard Kipling
Joseph Rudyard Kipling (1865 - 1936) - writer, poet.
Kipling was born on December 30, 1865 in the Indian city of Bombay, his father was a professor at an art school. The first years of life in Kipling's biography were very happy. At the age of five he moved to England, where he lived and studied in a private boarding school.
Then, in the biography of Rudyard Kipling, he entered the Devon School. It was during those times that his great passion for literature manifested itself, and it was then that Kipling wrote his first stories.
Thanks to his father’s help, he began working as a journalist at the Civil and Military Newspaper.
Kipling becomes a reporter and journalist in India. After this, the biography of Joseph Rudyard Kipling begins travels through Asia, the USA, and England. Kipling's works are gaining great popularity. Kipling's novella was first published in 1980 (“The Light Has Gone Out”). Having settled in London, Kipling marries. But soon, due to material shortages, he moves to relatives in the USA. It was there that D. R. Kipling wrote his most famous works for children: “The Jungle Book” (first and second books).
In 1899, the writer returned to England, and in the same year he traveled to South Africa. Two years later, Kipling published one of his most successful works - the novel "Kim". Among the writer’s other famous works: “Puck of the Hills”, “Rewards and Fairies”.
During the First World War, Kipling's work became less fruitful, and he spent a lot of time working in the Red Cross. Then he becomes a member of the Burial Commission. In January 1936, the writer died.
Teacher
Children's answers.
Teacher “Why does a camel have a hump”?
What fairy tale tells us about the camel?
Children's answers.
Reading a fairy tale (1 minute of “buzzing” reading). Reading a fairy tale by role.
Teacher List the heroes of the fairy tale. (Camel, Man, Horse, Forest, Bull, Genie). What character traits distinguish each of the heroes?
Who didn't want to serve man? When it was? Why? What question did the Horse ask the Lord of All Deserts? How did Genie punish the Camel?
Children's answers.
Teacher reading the fairy tale “Where does a whale get such a throat.”
Teacher Many of you have made drawings for Kipling's fairy tales. Let's see them and arrange contest for the best drawing.
Teacher
Let's try to answer questions about fairy tales.
1) Who has a lattice in their throat? (Whale)
2) One of the baby elephant’s offenders? (Giraffe)
3) Who stuffed the rhinoceros skin with ami crumbs? (Parsi)
4) Who pulled out the baby elephant’s trunk? (Crocodile)
5) Who was able to punish the camel? (Gin)
6) The most inquisitive hero Kipling's tales. (Baby elephant)
7) Whose skin has folds? (Rhinoceros)
Lesson summary Teacher
Let's summarize the lesson and say why we like Kipling's fairy tales? Children's answers.
Homework Read articles from reference books, encyclopedias, as well as books by Yu. Dmitriev.
Where does a camel get its hump? Rudyard Kipling
In this tale I will tell you how the camel got its hump. At the beginning of centuries, when the world had just emerged and animals were just beginning to work for humans, there lived a camel.
He lived in the Howling Desert because he did not want to work and was also a howler himself. He ate leaves, thorns, thorns, milkweed and was recklessly lazy. Whenever anyone spoke to him, he would snort, “Grrb...”, and nothing else.
On Monday morning a horse came to him with a saddle on its back and a bit in its mouth. She said:
Camel, oh camel! Come and drive with us.
Grrrb... - answered the camel.
The horse left and told the man about it.
Then a dog appeared with a stick in its mouth and said:
Camel, oh camel! Come serve and carry with us.
Grrrb... - answered the camel.
The dog left and told the man about it.
Then an ox appeared with a yoke around his neck and said:
Camel, oh camel! Come plow the land with us.
Grrrb... - answered the camel. The ox left and told the man about it.
At the end of the day, the man called his horse, dog and ox to him and said to them:
You know, I'm very sorry for you. A camel in the desert does not want to work, well, he's a fool! But instead you have to work twice as hard.
This decision greatly angered the three hardworking animals, and they gathered for a meeting somewhere on the edge of the desert. There a camel approached them, chewing milkweed, and began to laugh at them. Then he said “grrb...” and walked away.
Following this, the ruler of all deserts, the Djinn, appeared in a whole cloud of dust (Djinns, being wizards, always travel in this way). He stopped, listening to the meeting of the three.
Tell us, Lord of the deserts, Genie,” the horse asked, “is it fair for anyone to be lazy and not want to work?”
Of course not,” answered the Genie.
So,” the horse continued, “in the depths of your Howling Desert lives a beast with a long neck and long legs, a howler himself. He hasn't done anything since Monday morning. He doesn't want to work at all.
Phew!.. - Genie whistled. - Yes, this is my camel, I swear by all the gold of Arabia! What is he saying?
He says “grrb...” the dog answered, “and doesn’t want to serve or wear.”
And what else does he say?
Only “grrb...” and doesn’t want to plow,” the ox answered.
Okay,” said the Genie, “I’ll teach him a lesson, wait here a minute.”
The genie wrapped himself in his cloud again and raced across the desert.
He soon found the camel, which was doing nothing and looking at its own reflection in a puddle of water.
Hey buddy! - said the Genie. - I heard that you don’t want to work. Is it true?
Grrrb... - answered the camel.
The genie sat down, resting his chin on his hand, and began to come up with a great spell, while the camel kept looking at his reflection in a puddle of water.
“Thanks to your laziness, three animals have been forced to work for you since Monday morning,” said the Genie and continued to think about the spell, resting his chin on his hand.
Grrrb... - answered the camel.
You shouldn’t snort,” said the Genie. - You snort too much. But I’ll tell you what: go to work.
The camel again answered “Grrb...”, but at that time he felt that his smooth back, which he was so proud of, suddenly began to swell, swell, and finally a huge hump formed on it.
You see,” said the Genie, “this hump grew on you because you didn’t want to work.” Today is already Wednesday, and you haven’t done anything since Monday, when work started. Now it's your turn.
How can I work with such a thing on my back? - said the camel.
“I arranged this on purpose,” said the Genie, “since you missed three whole days.” From now on you will be able to work for three days without any food, and the hump will feed you. You have no right to complain that I didn't take care of you. Give up your desert, go to three friends and behave properly. Yes, turn around quickly!
No matter how the camel snorted, he had to get to work along with the other animals. However, he still has not yet made up for the three days that he missed from the very beginning, and he still has not yet learned to behave properly.
Composition
English writer, prose writer and poet Rudyard Joseph Kipling Joseph Kipling (1865-1936) entered children's literature as the author of the famous story about Mowgli and the humorous and ironic "Fairy Tales", although the writer also had other works intended for children and youth. His tales closely united the traditions of English folk humor and folklore of those countries and continents that the writer knew: South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
The books were created in close communication between Kipling and children. The writer thought of them as answers to the questions of his own children. Kipling told this about one of his daughters, Elsie, in verse, completing the tale of the baby elephant. Elsie's curiosity cannot be compared with Kipling's own: Each servant has his own name: “How”, “Why”, “Who”, “What”, “When”, “Where”. But the writer’s daughter - “a person of young years” - has not six, but “hundreds of thousands of servants” - “and there is no peace for everyone”: this is “five thousand where, seven thousand how, one hundred thousand why.” As a playful and ironic response to these countless where, how, why fairy tales were written. They are named: “Where did armadillos come from”, “Why does a camel have a hump”, “Where does a whale have such a narrow throat”, “Where does a rhinoceros have folded skin”, etc. Kipling’s tales follow the tradition of the so-called “etiological tales” (“ etiological" from the Greek words "reason", "concept, doctrine"), i.e. just those that explain something, for example, why a hyena's hind legs are shorter than its front ones, why a hare is cowardly. Etiological tales are known to all peoples of the world - there are many of them in African and Australian folklore. Of course, this does not mean that the writer was focused on reproducing any specific folk-poetic plot from the fairy-tale folklore of Africa and Australia. Kipling did not process existing fairy tales, but created his own, having mastered the general principles of folk tales.
His tales begin with a loving appeal to a child: “It’s only now, my dear boy, that the elephant has a trunk.” But the point, of course, is not only in the conversion itself. The entire artistic structure of the fairy tale bears the imprint of the live communication of the narrator with the child listening to him. As shown by researchers, Kipling even used specific children's vocabulary, which was completely understandable to children. Communication with a child is most noticeable in the special intonation of Kipling the storyteller: “It was a long time ago, my dear boy. Once upon a time there lived a Keith. He swam in the sea and ate fish. He ate bream, and ruff, and beluga, and stellate sturgeon, and herring, and the nimble, fast eel. Whatever fish he comes across, he will eat. He opens his mouth, and he’s done!” The fairy-tale narration is interrupted by inserted remarks, specially intended for little listeners, so that they remember some detail, pay attention to something especially important for themselves.
About the Sailor, who was in the womb of the Whale, Kipling says: “The Sailor is wearing blue canvas trousers and suspenders (look, my dear, don’t forget about the suspenders!), and a hunting knife at the side of his belt. The Sailor is sitting on a raft, with his legs dangling in the water (his mother allowed him to dangle his bare legs in the water, otherwise he would not have dangled, because he was very smart and brave).” And whenever the subject of the Sailor and his blue trousers comes up, Kipling will not fail to remind again and again: “Please don’t forget about your suspenders, my dear!” This style of Kipling the storyteller is explained not only by the desire to play up an essential detail in the development of the action: the Sailor used suspenders to tie up thin splinters that he inserted into Keith’s throat - “Now you understand why you should not have forgotten about the suspenders!” But even after everything has been told, at the very end of the tale, Kipling will again talk about the suspenders that were useful to the Sailor: “The blue canvas trousers were still on his feet when he walked on the pebbles near the sea. But he was no longer wearing suspenders. They remained in Keith's throat. They tied together splinters, from which the Sailor made a lattice.”
The cheerful inspiration of Kipling the narrator gives fairy tales a special charm. That's why he plays up some detail he likes, repeating it many times. For the same reason, the writer gives the child fantastic paintings imbued with everyday humor. The whale, sailing towards England, is likened to a conductor and shouts out the names of the stations: “It’s time to get out!” Transfer! Nearest stations: Winchester, Ashuelot, Nashua, Keene and Fitchboro.”
The poetic detailing of the action reveals the humorous and ironic intent of the fairy tale, bringing it closer to the cheerful humoresques of English folk children's poetry. In the fairy tale about the cat, the word “wild” is played out many times - the action takes place in a distant time, when tame animals were still wild: “The Dog was wild, and the Horse was wild, and the Sheep was wild, and they were all wild and wild and wandered wildly Wet and Wild forests. But the wildest was the Wild Cat - she wandered wherever she pleased and walked on her own.” Everything in the world was still wild - and it is said about people: “That evening, my dear boy, they dined on wild sheep, roasted on hot stones, seasoned with wild garlic and wild pepper. Then they ate wild duck stuffed with wild rice, wild grass and wild apples; then cartilages of wild bulls; then wild cherries and wild pomegranates.” And even the legs of the Wild Horse and the Wild Dog are wild, and they themselves speak “wildly”. The varied use of the same word brings the narrative closer to a humorous joke.
By skillful repetition the writer achieves a remarkable comic effect. The stupid Jaguar, who decided to follow the advice of the Jaguar Mother, was completely confused by the smart Turtle and the cunning Hedgehog. “You say that I say that she said something else,” said the Turtle. “So what of that?” After all, if, as you said, she said what I said, then it turns out that I said what she said.” From such confusing speeches, the painted Jaguar feels that “even the spots on his back hurt.”
In Kipling's fairy tales, the same turns, words, expressions, phrases and even entire paragraphs are repeated many times: mother Jaguar gracefully waves her graceful tail, the Amazon is called a “muddy river”, and the Limpopo is called “dirty, muddy green, wide”, Turtle is everywhere “leisurely”, and the Hedgehog is “prickly-thorny”, the Jaguar is “painted”, etc. The whole combination of these figurative and stylistic devices gives fairy tales an unusually bright artistic originality - they turn into a fun game with words. Kipling revealed to his little listeners the poetry of distant travels, strange life on distant continents. Fairy tales call to the world of the unknown, mysteriously beautiful:
*From Liverpool Harbor
*Always on Thursdays
* uda go swimming
* To distant shores.
* They are sailing to Brazil,
* Brazil, Brazil,
* And I want to go to Brazil - To distant shores.
With his poetry of recognition of the world, spiritual health, irony and jokes, Kipling as a writer gained universal recognition among teachers. The best properties of his artistic talent were revealed precisely in fairy tales. Children really liked the story from “The Jungle Book” - about the brave mongoose fighter of cobras (“Rikki-Tikki-Tavi”). He exudes the poetry of tropical adventures, dangers and victories.
In other works, especially those intended for adult readers, negative aspects of the writer’s personality were also revealed. In them, Kipling appears as a militant ideologist of the English colonialists, glorifying in poetry and prose the “civilizing” role of the British Empire among “backward” peoples. Even before the revolution, Russian writers pointed out this feature of Kipling's worldview. A. I. Kuprin wrote: “And no matter how fascinated the reader is by this wizard, he sees because of his lines a real cultural son of cruel, greedy, merchant, modern England, a poet inspiring English mercenary soldiers to robbery, bloodshed and violence with his patriotic songs..."
The treasury of world culture includes those creations of Kipling that are marked by the spirit of humanism, subtle skill, observation, poetic courage and originality, closeness to the democratic traditions of folklore of English and other peoples. Along with fairy tales of foreign writers, folk tales from different peoples of the world are widespread in the reading habits of preschool children. These are fairy tales of the Slavic peoples (the Czech fairy tale “Goldilocks”; the Polish “Wonderful Apple Tree”; the Bulgarian “Ashes”, “The Boy and the Evil Bear”; the Serbian “Why the Moon Has No Dress”, etc.); fairy tales of other European nations (Hungarian “Two Greedy Little Bears”, French “The Goat and the Wolf”, English “The Tale of the Three Little Pigs”, Italian “Kittens”, etc.); fairy tales of the peoples of Asia (Korean fairy tale “Swallow”, Japanese “Sparrow”, Chinese “Yellow Stork”, Indian “Tiger, Peasant and Fox”, etc.). Fairy tales from peoples of different continents have significantly expanded the range of children's books. Together with the writers' fairy tales, they entered the "golden fund" of literature for preschoolers.
Rudyard Kipling
(1865-1936)
"Fairy tales just like that"
Integrated lesson.
"Book Structure"; the concept is revealed"Translator".
Target:
Tasks:
§ introduce the biography of R. Kipling;
§ evoke: an emotional attitude towards the text read, cognitive interest;
§ open the mind;
§ consolidate knowledge about the structure of the book;
§ reveal the content of the concept of “translator”;
Lesson form:
Method:
Form of work: collective, individual.
Equipment: board, book exhibition, crosswords, tablets, video
Download:
Preview:
Rudyard Kipling. Fairy tales just like that
Rudyard Kipling Integrated lesson. Target: Develop a cognitive interest in reading Tasks:
Lesson form: conversation, quiz, discussion, game. Progress of the lesson:
Guys, you are already familiar with the works of R. Kipling. What fairy tales by R. Kipling have you read? (Children list fairy tales)“Where does the Whale get such a throat”, “Why does the Camel have a hump”, “Where does the Rhino get its skin”, “Baby Elephant”, “Rikki-Tikki-Tavi”, “How the first letter was written”, etc. Now let's remember the heroes of these fairy tales. To do this, I want to invite you to solve a crossword puzzle. 1. Turtle's nickname II. – Did you like these fairy tales? What did you like about them? (Children's answers). Today in the lesson we will get to know Rudyard Kipling and his work. My assistants and I (the guys from the class) want to tell you fairy tale . It was told to us by Purr the Cat, the editor-in-chief of the magazine “Once upon a time” (the magazine is shown). |
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"Once upon a time there was Rudyard Kipling . Just, mur-meow, don’t say: “Who is this?” Of course, a writer. And also very famous. For example, he wrote about one of my close relatives - a cat who walks on her own. In general, he knew and loved animals and wrote many fairy tales about them. Remember Riki-Tiki-Tavi, the brave mongoose? And the inquisitive Baby Elephant who wanted to meet the Crocodile? And the wise bear Balu, the mighty boa constrictor Kaa and the leader wolf Akella? And, of course, you know Mowgli! Your Cat W." When Rudyard grew up and became a world-famous writer, the children of the English and Russians, Indians and French began to read his wonderful stories. fairy tales , and adults - with his stories, poems, stories. What Kipling created for children is unlikely to ever be forgotten. And, keeping my memory, Rudyard Kipling traveled a lot, visited almost all parts of the world, so the action of his tales takes place in Africa, then in England, then in Australia, then in America.
Was this really what happened? / Children's reasoning / III. Have you read Kipling's short stories, which he called "Fairy tales just like that". R. Kipling is English, which means he wrote his fairy tales in English. But we read them in Russian. Who helped us? Translator (working with an explanatory dictionary). |
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One of R. Kipling's tales is called"How the first letter was written." |
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The Leader's Journey A rock inscription from North America tells how a chief named Mayenguk set out in 5 canoes. The journey lasted 3 days (3 suns under the curved sky). The eagle is a symbol of courage. Other animals are images of good guardian spirits. Why does everyone read differently? /The interpretation of the pictures may be different.
Game "We are primitive artists" We read the message of the primitive artist: |
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Later, people realized that it was much faster and more convenient to write icons - each icon represented a word. |
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Finally, people decided that it was easiest, most accurate and most convenient for the picture to correspond not to the whole word, but to the spoken sounds of speech. Appeared letters . |
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Rudyard Kipling, with his fairy tales, puzzled us with questions: "How? Where? Why?" and helped us make small discoveries. |
And now we will get acquainted with another wonderful fairy tale by R. Kipling from the series “Fairy Tales Just Like That,” which is called “Where the Armadillos Came From” (Viewing an excerpt from the cartoon “Hedgehog Plus Turtle” based on the fairy tale).
Once you shed your skin, you can't fit back into it. - (Kaa)
People definitely need to set traps for other people, and without this they will all be unhappy. - (Mowgli)
Everyone has their own fear. - (Hathi)
The law is like a tenacious vine: it grabs everyone and no one can escape it. - (Balu)
Money is something that changes hands and never gets any warmer. - (Mowgli)
It is better to be torn to pieces by beasts than to be killed by people - (Messui's husband)
There are many words in the jungle, the sound of which does not match the meaning. - (Bagheera)
The whole jungle will think tomorrow the way monkeys think today. - (Bandar-Logi)
Grief does not interfere with punishment - (Balu)
One of the beauties of the Law of the Jungle is that with punishment everything ends. There are no quibbles after that.
The animals say that man is the weakest and most defenseless of all living creatures and that touching him is unworthy of a hunter. They also say - and this is true - that cannibals become lousy over time and their teeth fall out.
Every dog barks in his yard! - (Sherkhan)
Words are the most powerful drug that humanity uses.
And the secret that was buried
At the foot of the pyramids
That's all there is to it,
What a contractor, although he
I respected the law very much,
Lightened Cheops by a million.
The stupidest woman can cope with a smart man, but only the smartest can cope with a fool.
What does the Law of the Jungle say? Strike first, then give your voice. By your carelessness alone, they will recognize you as a person. Be reasonable. - (Bagheera)
Brave heart and polite speech. You'll go far with them. - (Kaa)
At least a hundred villagers came running: they stared, chatted, shouted and pointed at Mowgli. “How ignorant they are, these people!” Mowgli said to himself. “Only gray monkeys behave like that.”
People are people, and their speech is similar to the speech of frogs in a pond. - (Gray Brother)
The Law of the Jungle taught Mowgli to restrain himself, because in the jungle life and food depend on it. But when the children teased him because he did not want to play with them or fly a kite, or because he pronounced some word incorrectly, only the thought that it was unworthy of a hunter to kill small, defenseless cubs did not allow him to grab and tear them in half.
People kill because they don’t hunt, out of idleness, for fun. - (Mowgli)
The people of the Jungle know that they should not rush while eating, because they cannot get back what they miss.
The puppy is ready to drown himself just to bite the moon in the water - (Mowgli)
People are always more willing to eat than to run - (Mowgli)
RUDDYARD KIPLING (1865-1936) “Once upon a time there was Rudyard Kipling. Just, moor-meow, don’t say: “Who is this?” Of course, a writer. And also a very famous one. For example, he wrote about one my close relative - a cat who walks by herself. And in general, he knew animals, loved them and wrote many fairy tales about them. Do you remember Riki-Tiki-Tavi, the brave mongoose? And the inquisitive Elephant, who wanted to meet the Crocodile? And the wise bear Baloo , the mighty boa constrictor Kaa and the wolf leader Akella? And, of course, you know Mowgli! That’s how many wonderful stories Rudyard Kipling wrote for you during his long life. But, I swear by his mustache and tail, you don’t even suspect how hard his life was in childhood, when he was the same age as you are now. Well, that is, I hope you know that Rudyard Kipling is an Englishman. But if you think that he was actually born in England, you deeply You're wrong. Because he was born in India! Rudyard's dad was a decorative artist, but something didn't work out for him with his work in England, and he left for India. Of course, I took my mother with me. And there they had Rudyard. And he lived the first six years of his life in India. By the way, he considered these years the happiest of his life. Father's affairs in India improved, they lived quite richly, and there was a whole crowd of servants in his father's house. All the servants adored little Rudyard. But he loved them, was friends with them, and did not address his servant in any other way than “brother.” Well, as is usual with adults, Rudyard’s mother was sometimes out of sorts and began to scold the servants. However, often it’s down to business. And little Rudyard settled these quarrels by standing up for his friends - laundresses, yard sweepers... And quite successfully.
And how many fairy tales and stories they told him! If you ask what language they did this in, then I will tell you straight away: this language was called Urdu, and Rudyard at that time knew it better than English, in which he later wrote his wonderful books... In general, it was a sunny, happy life, full of love and brotherhood. And then Rudyard turned six years old, and it was all over!.. Because an English boy at that age began to study. And it was considered better to study at home, in England. And Rudyard was sent from his beloved sunny India to his native foggy land, to a boarding house, which was maintained by one of his relatives. It was then that his great misfortunes began. Because my aunt-relative really didn’t like the nephew from India. He was somehow different. A visionary, unhearing, he did everything his own way, and not as it should be. And this strict teacher took the most decisive measures to, as they say, make a decent person out of a blockhead. She was not lazy to lecture him and pester him with comments. She fought against his fantasy, which she, you know, called a lie, with all her considerable strength - and succeeded: the cheerful inventor turned into a pale, silent, sad boy. However, from time to time, he still continued to fantasize. That is, from the teacher’s point of view, “it’s shameless to lie!” One day, as punishment for this, she sent him to school, hanging a cardboard sign on his chest, on which was written in large letters: “LIAR”... And Rudyard, unable to bear this final humiliation, became seriously ill. He went blind and almost went crazy...
On this, thank God, the aunt’s “good upbringing” ended: Rudyard’s mother, who urgently arrived, realized what was happening to her boy and took him from the boarding school. Having recovered, Rudyard studied at a private boys' school, where there was also enough drill, cramming, and insults. But he endured. And then he even wrote in one of his stories: he is grateful to school for preparing him for life and tempering his soul. After all, adult life, I’ll tell you a secret, is also not smeared with honey, and a person must be able to resist misfortunes, try to withstand difficulties and at the same time not become embittered at the whole world, but remain kind and sympathetic. Is not it? When Rudyard grew up and became a world-famous writer, the children of the English and Russians, Indians and French began to read his wonderful fairy tales, and adults began to read his stories, poems, and stories. What Kipling created for children is unlikely to ever be forgotten.
And, preserving the memory of me, For one short moment, Ask about me Only from my books. R. Kipling "Request"
A translator is a specialist in translations from one language to another.
"The time will come when people will call it the ability to write."
The Journey of a Chief A rock inscription from North America tells how a chief named Mayenguk set out on a journey in 5 canoes. The journey lasted 3 days (3 suns under the curved sky). The eagle is a symbol of courage. Other animals are images of good guardian spirits.
Game "We are primitive artists"
Later, people realized that it was much faster and more convenient to write with icons - each icon represented a word.
Finally, people decided that it was easiest, most accurate and most convenient for the picture to correspond not to the whole word, but to the spoken sounds of speech. Letters appeared.
How can a modern person convey information? oral communication from person to person the alphabet of gestures drawing a written message telephone communication radio communication color signals (colored plates) sound signals light signals (bonfire, flare) semaphore alphabet (signalman with flags on a ship) flags of the international code of signals (on ships) musical notation alphabet mathematical Morse code formulas, etc.
"WHERE DID THE BATTLES COME FROM"
When the whale had eaten all the fish, the cunning little fish described to him all the delights of the man's snack and told him where to find him, but warned him that man is a restless creature. The whale swallowed the sailor along with his raft and suspenders. In the stomach of the whale, the sailor began to run, jump and generally behave very actively, so that the whale felt unwell. When he asked his prey to crawl out of his stomach, the sailor promised to think about it if the whale would take him home to the white cliffs of Albion. Before going home, the guy inserted a lattice of raft boards and suspenders into the whale’s throat, so that he could only eat very, very small fish. And the cunning fish swam away and hid in the mud, under the threshold of the equator, because it was afraid that the whale would be angry with it.
How a hump appeared on the camel's back
When the earth was completely new, the animals that helped man came to the camel living in the middle of the vast Howling Desert and tried to attract him to active activity, but he only answered “grib” and gave up on their requests. The animals complained to the genie; when the camel told him his usual “hump,” he rewarded him with a hump so that the beast could work for 3 days without lunch breaks.
How folds appeared on the skin of a rhinoceros
A fire-worshipping Persian baked sweet bread with raisins, but a rhinoceros drove him onto a palm tree and ate all the bread. When the rhinoceros took off all his smooth skin and went for a swim, the man poured stale crumbs and burnt raisins into it. To get rid of the tingling sensation, the rhinoceros began to rub against the palm tree, but only rubbed the folds and completely erased the buttons.
How the leopard became spotted
All animals lived in the High Feldt desert, where they were easily found by hunters: humans and leopards. To protect themselves, the animals went into the forest and acquired camouflage stripes and spots. The wise Babun advised the leopard to acquire spots, and the Ethiopian, too, to make changes to his appearance. In the forest they caught a zebra and a giraffe; they showed the hunters why they can hear and smell animals, but cannot see. The Ethiopian turned black and covered the leopard with 5 fingerprints.
Elephant child
When elephants did not have a trunk, a curious baby elephant asked many questions, for which he was beaten several times. Finally, he wanted to know what the crocodile had for dinner. He turned to the crocodile with this question; he grabbed him by the nose and began to pull him into the water. The python pulled the curious baby by the hind legs, but the baby elephant's nose remained extended. With it he could get bananas, and also beat off all those who had previously spread their paws.
Old Kangaroo's Request
The kangaroo, who at that time had a fluffy skin and short legs, asked the three gods to make him different from the others, and so that everyone would know about him by 5 pm. He annoyed one of the gods so much that he asked the dingo to chase the kangaroo. As a result, the kangaroo's hind legs extended to make it easier to jump. But he refused to thank the dingo for acquiring the kangaroo.
How did armadillos appear?
The jaguari told her inexperienced son about the hedgehog (it needs to be thrown into the water to turn around) and the turtle (it’s better to scratch it out of its shell), but they managed to confuse the fool, who, as a result of the hunt, only painfully pricked his paw. To escape, the turtle began to learn to curl up into a ball, and the hedgehog learned to swim. As a result of training, the turtle's scutes separated, and the hedgehog's needles stuck together. The Jaguar advised her son to leave them alone and called the new animals armadillos.
How the first letter was written
A primitive man named Tegulai Bopsulaya had his spear broken. While he was repairing it, Tefi’s daughter sent a drawing with the stranger to her mother with a request to send a new spear, but she was frightened by the strange drawings and raised the whole village to beat the stranger (and his hair was smeared with clay). This is how the first thought about the need for writing appeared.
How the first alphabet was compiled
Tegumai and Tefi came up with images of letters in a few days: A is like the open mouth of a carp, U is like its tail, o is like a stone or an open mouth, etc. The letters were combined into words.
Sea crab who played with the sea
In the most ancient times, a wizard showed the animals how to play, and they began to play: beaver - beaver, cow - cow, etc. This game was too simple for an intelligent person. The sea crab decided to graze and float sideways into the sea. Only Adam's daughter noticed this. The wizard approved the deeds of all animals (for example, he made the pieces of earth that the elephant threw into the Himalayan mountains). But Adam complained about the ebb and flow of the tides; It turned out that it was the Crab who was misbehaving. The wizard made him small and strips him of his armor once a year. The little girl gave the crab her scissors so that he could dig holes and open nuts.
The man was lazy and did not want to row to the shore. To make the sea work for him twice a day, the wizard gave a command to the old man of the moon and the rat that was gnawing his net (the fisherman dragged the sea past the continents with his net).
The cat who walked by himself
A wise primitive woman tamed animals (a dog with tasty bones, a horse and a cow with fragrant hay). The cat, who walked wherever he wanted, watched all this (from the dog he even received a promise of eternal enmity for not going with her on reconnaissance); the woman promised that if she praised the cat once, he could go into the cave, two times, he could sit near the fire, three times, he could drink milk 3 times a day. The woman did not want this, but the cat, playing with her baby and catching a mouse, achieved praise three times, as evidenced by the skin that covered the entrance, the fire and the jugs of milk. But the man made an agreement with the cat: if he did not always catch mice, then the man would throw one of his five things at him (boots, a stone ax, a log and an ax), and the dog promised to chase him if he was not gentle with baby.
The moth that stomped its foot
Suleiman ibn Daoud had many grumpy wives and one beloved wife, Balkis, as well as a magic ring that summoned genies (however, Suleiman did not want to show off his strength and pacify his spouse with the help of genies). In the garden, he once saw a married couple of moths who were quarreling, and the husband claimed that all he had to do was stamp his foot and the entire palace of Suleiman would disappear. Balkin’s wife, who had taught him, dared him to stomp, and Suleiman, in cahoots with her husband, ordered the genies to carry the castle into the air. Thus, not only the moth’s wife was pacified, but also the scandalous sultanas.