New doll illness doll funeral. To whom did Tchaikovsky dedicated his “Children’s Album”? WITH

Irina Chichina
Analysis of the play "March" wooden soldiers"from "Children's Album" by P. I. Tchaikovsky

Musical language is very good at conveying feelings and moods. In order to "draw" anything with music or "tell" about something, composers resort to ordinary, verbal language. It can be just one word in the title plays.

The first outstanding collection of music for children in Russian piano literature was « Children's album » P.I. Tchaikovsky. It fit a whole children's country, Big world child, told in sounds.

« Children's album» It is not only distinguished by its enormous artistic value, but is also extremely useful for developing children's musicality.

« Children's album» , op. 39 was written by P.I. Tchaikovsky in May 1878. and dedicated to his beloved nephew Volodya Davydov. While visiting his sister in Kamenka, near Kyiv, "family nest" the large noble family of the Davydovs and often, listening to the play of his favorite Volodya, who was then 6 years old, Pyotr Ilyich was amazed at the poverty of the repertoire for beginners. He loved to hang out with his nephews, organize fireworks displays, musical performances, dance parties, take part in games, and enjoy the spontaneity of children. It was then that he decided to create album of plays for children.

On title page first edition full title cycle: « Children's album. Collection of lungs plays for children(imitation of Schumann). Essay by P. Tchaikovsky" Indeed, one can trace the connection « Children's album» P.I. Tchaikovsky with a similar work by R. Schumann « Album for youth» . Both composers speak to children surprisingly clearly and simply and at the same time seriously, without any "tweaking". The collections captivate with their lyricism. « Children's album» Tchaikovsky is perceived as Russian music, as a series of pictures dedicated to the everyday life of Russian children. Pyotr Ilyich strove to ensure that his music was lively and exciting, so he even showed interest in the external design of the publication plays - to pictures, to the collection format.

IN « Children's album» P.I. Tchaikovsky 24 pieces, not related to a single theme. In each play contains a specific plot, living poetic content, but several relatively independent plot lines can be noted. The collection depicts wide circle images

« March of the Wooden Soldiers» (No. 5, along with "Game of Horses"(No. 3, refers to "game" plays baby cycle , This "boys' games". Perhaps these are the most cloudless, children's naive plays« Album» .

« March of the Wooden Soldiers» is funny march, to the sounds "toy" orchestra with flutes and drums, as if a toy army is stamping the step wooden soldiers. This "toy-like" is emphasized by very subtle means - quiet (piano) and even very quiet (pianissimo, at the very beginning, performance. In this miniature, the composer draws musical image precise and economical means of expression – a sense of puppetry and woodenness conveyed by the clarity of the rhythmic pattern and the precision of the stroke. All play performed extremely clearly, smoothly, strictly, at a moderate tempo. For piano texture P.I. Tchaikovsky characteristic significant role chord type of presentation. The close arrangement of chords, the consistency of rhythm and strokes figuratively convey harmonious movements soldiers walking in close formation to the beat of the drummer.

Play written in a simple tripartite form. Middle plays sounds secretive and even a little threatening, thanks to the change of fret (La Minor) and the application of Neapolitan harmony. But even this part in terms of dynamics does not go beyond the sonority of piano.

In the reprise, the original sonority is restored again, even quieter than in the middle plays as if "toy" the army leaves.

P.I. Tchaikovsky while writing« Album» achieved his goal by creating small masterpieces that are memorable plays, close and understandable to every child.

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Dear readers, today I invite you to relax a little, fill yourself with beautiful music with your children and grandchildren. We will talk to you about the music of P.I. Tchaikovsky, about his “Children's Album”. I remember the time when I myself played many pieces from this amazing album. I also remember how, while working at a music school, I gave many works to children, and I remember their response to these works. The music from this album is close, understandable and interesting to children. It’s as if they live their lives in music, recognize themselves, empathize with the characters, learn to think, and get to know the world.

On the pages of my blog I often appeal to you: introduce children to beauty from childhood. Listen good music, go with them to the Philharmonic, to concerts that will be close and understandable to them. This is very important point nurturing a sense of beauty in our children. And this is always important for the family. Discuss what you heard with your children, develop their horizons.

I hope that our small conversations on the blog will help you. Today, together with Lilia Shadkovsky, a reader of my blog, a music teacher with extensive experience working with children, we have prepared material in our section. I give the floor to Lilia and I’ll add a little to her article.

Good afternoon to all readers of Irina’s blog! Today we once again invite you, together with your children and grandchildren, to take a journey into the fascinating world of music of the great Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky, whose wonderful and poetic music is loved not only by adults, but it is understandable and interesting to children.

Flowers, music and children are the best decoration of life

P.I. Tchaikovsky loved children very much, subtly and sensitively understood their souls, felt their mood. He often said: “Flowers, music and children make best decoration life."

Indeed, a children's theme runs through all of his work, and “Children's Album” became the first collection of plays for children in Russia, included in the golden fund of world musical literature for children. It contained a whole children's country, a big world of a child, told in sounds.

The history of the creation of the “Children’s Album by P.I. Tchaikovsky”

One of the factors that determined the composer’s desire to write music for children was the example of Robert Schumann, whose fascinating pieces from “Album for Youth” were very much loved by both children and teachers.

Another very important factor in the creation of the “Children’s Album” was the unusually warm relationship with her sister’s children. He walked with them for a long time, played a lot, told them about his travels and incredible stories about the countries I have visited. And he always listened with great interest to children's stories about various events in their lives. An unusually tender and warm relationship with his nephews gave impetus to writing a children's album.

In March 1878, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky arrived at the estate of his sister Alexandra Ilyinichna Davydova. He fell into Kamenka unexpectedly, out of the blue, and created a joyful commotion. Alexandra Ilyinichna’s children gave him such a concert that he had to cover his ears. Again the house was filled with “sweet, heavenly” sounds. Pyotr Ilyich sat comfortably in his room and was already scribbling something behind him. desk. A few days later he let slip:

“Here, these birds,” he pointed to the children, “certainly want me to write “every last bit” in their album. I'll write, don't be afraid. I’ll write and we’ll play everything!

And he wrote for the “Children's Album” and played them with children. And Pyotr Ilyich also loved to listen to children play music. Listening to the play of little musicians, he often thought that there were not so many compositions intended for children.

To whom did Tchaikovsky dedicated his “Children’s Album”?

After the “Children's Album” was completed, Pyotr Ilyich decides to dedicate it to his beloved nephew.

“I dedicated this album to my nephew Volodya, who passionately loves music and promises to be a musician,” wrote Tchaikovsky in a letter to N.F. von Meck. And indeed, on the title page of the first edition it was written: “Dedicated to Volodya Davydov.”

We turn the pages music collection and one after another we see pictures from the lives of children. How many events interesting stories and accidents!

Here are fun games and sorrows, entertaining tales and pictures of Russian life, as well as sketches of Russian nature. I think that you will also be interested in experiencing the special spirit of that time through Tchaikovsky’s music, finding out how children lived then, what surrounded them, how they spent their time?

Look at the contents of the album. The titles of the plays will immediately tell you a lot.

"Children's Album" by Tchaikovsky. Content

The “Children's Album” includes the following plays:

Morning prayer
Winter morning
Horse game
March of the Wooden Soldiers
Doll disease
Doll funeral
Waltz
New doll
Mazurka
Russian song
A man plays the harmonica
Kamarinskaya
Polka
Italian song
Antique French song
German song
Neapolitan song
Nanny's fairy tale
Baba Yaga
Sweet dream
The lark's song
The organ grinder sings
In the church

Let's walk through the pages of the "Children's Album" and listen to musical sketches and plays, some of which are probably already familiar to you. The collection contains 24 plays, where several plot lines are visible. We will listen to some of them.

Morning prayer

First story line associated with the child waking up and starting the day. The day in the family began and ended with prayer. We invite you to listen to “Morning Prayer,” whose bright and lyrical intonations are full of sublime peace and contemplation. This is a kind of reflection about God, about the soul. Surely the children were motivated to do good deeds and deeds by reciting the texts of the prayers. Let's listen to it with the children.

Winter morning

With his special compositional techniques, P.I. Tchaikovsky conveyed the poetic atmosphere of a winter morning. Swift and prickly, alarming and unfriendly. On such a morning, you want to sit at home in the warmth, read a book or just cuddle up to your mother, bury yourself in her warm palms...Remember the lines of F. Tyutchev with your children.

Enchantress in Winter
Bewitched, the forest stands -
And under the snow fringe,
motionless, mute,
He shines with a wonderful life.

And he stands, bewitched, -
Not dead and not alive -
Enchanted by a magical dream,
All entangled, all shackled
Light chain down...

Is the winter sun shining
On him your ray with a scythe -
Nothing will tremble in him,
It will all flare up and sparkle
Dazzling beauty.

F. Tyutchev conveys the peaceful state of winter nature, plunged into a magical sleep with the help of figurative metaphors. In the rays of the morning sun, it really looks like a real fairy-tale kingdom! And here is the music itself. Listening to “Winter Morning” from Tchaikovsky’s “Children’s Album”.

Mother

Extraordinarily touching sounds of peace and tranquility. Immediately before us stands the bright image of the mother and everything connected with eternal symbol motherhood. We feel her gentle hands, hear her gentle voice, feel protection and friendly support, seeing her calm gaze.

These were probably Pyotr Ilyich’s memories of his mother, whom he loved immensely. No wonder all his life he remembered her extraordinary eyes. Let's listen to the play "Mama" from the children's album of P.I. Tchaikovsky.

Horse game

But now the emotional experiences are replaced by mischievous, cheerful melodies of the second storyline. We are immersed in unbridled fun, laughter and joy. Children didn’t have cars or airplanes during Tchaikovsky’s time, so for any boy of that time - tin soldiers, a drum or a toy horse was a source of special pride. Listen to how unusual the music of the play “The Horse Game” sounds.

March of the Wooden Soldiers

But “March of the Wooden Soldiers” sounds cheerfully and solemnly - one of the most popular children's plays. You listen and imagine how a whole army of wooden soldiers are marching to this music. I think that your kids also wanted to pick up the drum and walk proudly, like a real brave soldier, marking every step.

Doll disease. Funeral of a doll. New doll

And then (especially for girls) topics with a doll will be interesting. Three plays are associated with it. The doll gets sick. The girl is very sorry for her doll. Doctors are called to see her, but nothing helps. The doll is dead. Everyone came to the funeral, all the toys. After all, they loved the doll so much! A small toy orchestra escorts a doll: The monkey plays the trumpet. Bunny is on the drum, and Mishka hits the timpani. Poor old teddy bear, he was completely wet from tears.

The doll was buried in the garden, next to rose bush and the entire grave was decorated with flowers. And then one day, my father’s friend came to visit. He had some kind of box in his hands.

- This is for you, Sasha! - he said.

“What is it?” Sashenka thought, burning with curiosity.

The friend untied the ribbon, opened the lid and handed the box to the girl. There lay beautiful doll. She had big blue eyes. When the doll was rocked, the eyes opened and closed. The pretty little mouth smiled at the girl. Light curly hair fell on the shoulders. And from under the velvet dress white stockings and black patent leather shoes were visible. A real beauty! Sashenka looked at the doll and couldn’t get enough of it.

- Well. What are you doing? Take it, it’s yours,” said dad’s friend.

The girl reached over and took the doll out of the box. A feeling of joy and happiness overwhelmed her. The girl impulsively pressed the doll to her chest and spun around the room with it, as if in a waltz.

- What a joy to receive such a gift! – thought Sasha. Let's listen to the play "New Doll" from the "Children's Album".

Sweet dream

One of my favorite pieces from the Children's Album is “Sweet Dream”. A daydream is a dream, a tremulous state of mind, the contemplation of something unusual and sublime. I think that there are no people who would not dream of something secret. Talk to the children, ask what they dream about.

Nanny's fairy tale

As in those distant times, a day full of different impressions ends with a good good fairy tale. With bated breath, kids listen to their favorite fairy tales, sincerely worrying about their favorite characters.

“Nanny's Tale” has an intricate rhythmic pattern that creates an atmosphere of fairy-tale and anxiety. And what kind of stories do children suggest when listening to the play “Nanny’s Tales”? That’s where there is room for children’s fantasies to fly! Let's listen to this music too.

Songs of distant lands

The following storyline is represented by “Old French Song”, “German Song”, “Italian Song”. Each of the plays reflects the characteristics folk music these countries. It is known that Pyotr Ilyich traveled a lot, and he embodied his impressions in music. So you and I will take a fascinating musical journey and try to understand the characteristics of folk music and the flavor of these countries.

German song

The "German Song" from the "Children's Album" is reminiscent of the sound of a barrel organ and is very similar to the old German Lander dance, which was danced by peasants, with whirling and stomping in their wooden shoes

Neapolitan song

“The Neapolitan Song” is one of the most popular and brightest pieces of the “Children's Album”, reflecting the cheerful Italian carnival. Peter Ilyich based on this play created “Neapolitan dance for the ballet” Swan Lake».

Tchaikovsky's music, like Pushkin's poetry, comes to us in childhood and remains with us for life. Peter Ilyich left us a wonderful musical heritage - this is our culture, this is our art, without which there cannot be a worthy future.

Did you know that:

"Children's Album" was written in May 1878. The history of its creation is inextricably linked with Kamenka, a small Ukrainian village near Kyiv. Kamenka – family nest of the large Davydov family Lev Vasilyevich Davydov himself was a great friend of Tchaikovsky and the husband of his beloved sister Alexandra Ilyinichna. Kamenka was the composer’s favorite place, where he worked and rested with inspiration. Tchaikovsky called this unusually picturesque place a “radiant land.” Here's yours free time he spent time among the children, watched their games, listened to their children's stories. It was the unusually tender and warm relationship with his nephews that gave impetus to the writing of “Children’s Album.”
The creation of the “Children's Album” was preceded by a long communication with Kolya Conradi, a deaf-mute student of P. I. Tchaikovsky. It was with him and with their brother that they spent part of the time from 1877-1978.
3. The idea of dedicating the “Children’s Album” to Volodya Davydov obviously arose after finishing the composition. Tchaikovsky spent quite a lot of time with his nephew in the summer of 1878 in Kamenka.
Even later, in 1878, from Florence he wrote to L.V. Davydov, his sister’s husband: “Tell Bobik that the notes with pictures were printed, that the notes were composed by Uncle Petya, and what is written on them: dedicated to Volodya Davydov. He's stupid and won't understand what it means to be dedicated! And I’ll write to Jurgenson to send a copy to Kamenka.

This is the journey we took today, dear readers. I hope it was interesting to you and your children.

Sharko's shower

It is necessary to introduce children to classical music at any age. Let it play during their games and other activities. The child will develop emotionally and become involved in art, which is important for the development of personality - many pediatricians and teachers are convinced of this.

Some classical composers wrote specifically for children, taking into account children's perceptions and the range of interests of children of a certain age. Other works were written for young performers; they correspond not only to the child’s perception of the content of the musical work itself, but also to the child’s technical capabilities.

In our article we will talk about some composers and their works written specifically for children.

P.I. Tchaikovsky "Children's Album"

The collection includes 24 pieces for performance by a small pianist. It is dedicated to the composer's nephew V.L. Davydov. This is the composer's first approach to a children's theme. Later P.I. Tchaikovsky will write the cycle “Children's Songs” and the ballet “The Nutcracker” for children.

All the names of the plays indicate that we are dealing with works for children:

1. “Morning prayer”
2. “Winter Morning”
3. "Mom"
4. "Game of Horses"
5. “March of the Wooden Soldiers”
6. "Doll Disease"
7. "Doll Funeral"
8. "Waltz"
9. "New Doll"
10. "Mazurka"
11. “Russian song”
12. “A man plays a harmonica”
13. "Kamarinskaya"
14. "Polka"
15. “Italian song”
16. “Old French Song”
17. “German Song”
18. “Neapolitan Song”
19. "Nanny's Tale"
20. "Baba Yaga"
21. "Sweet Dream"
22. "The Lark's Song"
23. “The Organ Grinder Sings”
24. "In the Church"

The history of the album

P.I. Tchaikovsky loved children very much; he often communicated with the children of his sister A.I. Davydova, when he visited them in Kamenka. His nephew Volodya Davydov was very musical child. In one of his letters, Tchaikovsky wrote: “I dedicated this album to my nephew Volodya, who passionately loves music and promises to be a musician.”

When publishing the album, the composer himself took care of both the format of the collection and the pictures that should accompany the notes.

Some plays in the cycle were created on folklore material. For example, in the “Neapolitan Song” and in the “Italian Song” Tchaikovsky used Italian folk melodies. By the way, the theme of the “Neapolitan Song” is also heard in the third act of the ballet “Swan Lake”. The play “The Organ Grinder Sings” also features a folk (Venetian) motif. In “Russian Song,” the composer turned to the Russian folk dance song “Are you a head, my head?” The play “Kamarinskaya” is based on the melody of a famous Russian dance song.

An authentic French melody sounds in “An Old French Song” (later the composer used this melody, slightly modifying it, in the minstrel chorus from Act II of the opera "Maid of Orleans"). The Tyrolean motif is used in the "German Song". In the play “A Man Plays the Harmonica,” you can hear the intonations of Russian single-row harmonicas.

Storylines of the “Children's Album” series

They are clearly visible and seem to make up the child’s whole day from the moment he wakes up to sleep.

Morning. Plays “Morning Prayer”, “Winter Morning”, “Mother”.

Day. Games and children's activities. Plays “The Game of Horses”, “March of the Wooden Soldiers”.

Trilogy dedicated to the doll. Plays “The Doll’s Illness”, “The Doll’s Funeral”, “The New Doll”.

Fascinating musical travels in Italy, France, Germany. Plays “Italian Song”, “Neapolitan Song”, “Old French Song”, “German Song”. But let’s not forget our native tunes (“Russian Song”, “Kamarinskaya”).

Children's day ends. The play "Nanny's Tale", in which it is impossible without "Baba Yaga". And then the play “Sweet Dream”.

The album also contains landscape sketches(the play “The Song of the Lark”), and everyday dances (“The Organ Grinder Sings”), as well as dances “Waltz”, “Polka”, “Mazurka”. The cycle ends with the play “In the Church,” as if echoing “Morning Prayer.”

Although musical cycle“Children's Album” is addressed to children; adults often became its performers: Y. Flier, M. Pletnev and others.

P.I. Tchaikovsky "Children's Songs"

History of creation

The success of the "Children's Album" inspired P.I. Tchaikovsky to create another album for children. This was also facilitated by the collection of poems by the poet A. Pleshcheev “Snowdrop”, which he presented to Tchaikovsky with the inscription: “To Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky as a sign of respect and gratitude for his wonderful music on mine bad poems" Tchaikovsky was already by that time the author of several romances based on Pleshcheev’s poems. In this book there were many poems about children's life or dedicated to children, edifying stories. These poems prompted the composer to create songs. Pleshcheev's poems are supplemented by texts by I. Surikov and S. Aksakov. Unlike the "Children's Album", "Children's Songs" are not intended to be performed, but to be listened to by children.

It is based on the relationship between an adult and a child, as an adult sees it. Motives stand out Spring, Birds and Garden (song “My Garden”), but as an adult’s view of childhood, which brings hope. Motives of Compassion and God related to those moral values that a loving adult would like to pass on to his children. In the Legend, the motif is interpreted symbolically and serves to reveal the theme of the suffering of Christ. The song “Legend” (“The Child Christ Had a Garden”) was later rearranged by Tchaikovsky and Taneyev for the choir.

Sometimes P.I. Tchaikovsky himself reworked some of the poems in the collection or added to them. The song “Cuckoo” is a translation of H. Gellert’s fable. Tchaikovsky's funny dialogue between the cuckoo and the starling turns into a funny and instructive song-sketch. The song “Flower” is a free translation from a collection of French children's writer L. Ratisbonne echoes in content with famous fairy tale H.K. Andersen "Five from One Pod".

R. Schumann "Children's Scenes"

The collection was first published in 1839. The composer himself spoke about its purpose and content in his letter to Clara Schumann, a pianist and his wife: “I learned that nothing inspires imagination more than tension and longing for something; that's exactly what happened to me in last days when I was waiting for your letter and composed whole volumes - strange, crazy, very funny - you will open your eyes wide when you play this; in general, I am now capable of sometimes being torn to pieces by the music sounding [in me]. - And I would not forget everything that I composed. It was like an echo of the words that you once wrote to me: “Sometimes I can seem like a child to you,” in short, I was truly inspired and wrote thirty little funny things, of which I selected about twelve and called “Children’s Scenes.” You will be delighted with them, but, of course, you will have to forget about yourself as a virtuoso. There are such titles as “Frightening”, “By the Fireplace”, “A Game of Blind Man’s Bluff”, “The Begging Child”, “Riding on a Stick”, “About Foreign Countries”, “ Funny story", etc., whatever is there! In general, everything is obvious there, and besides, all the pieces are easy to hum.”

Despite its apparent simplicity, only a very mature pianist capable of penetrating the essence of the author’s intention can perform the cycle with dignity.

Schumann's musical miniatures are unique " musical novellas", stories with a simple plot. Schumann focuses not so much on narration as on mood, on emotions. “Children's Scenes” is not a cycle “for children”, like Tchaikovsky’s famous “Children’s Album”. Rather, it is music to be performed by adults who do not want to forget their childhood. According to the author himself, this cycle is “a reflection of the past through the eyes of the elder and for the elders.”

Contents of R. Schumann’s cycle “Children’s Scenes”

1. “About foreign countries and people”

2. "A Curious Story"

3. "Game of Tag"

4. “The Asking Child”

5. “Total Happiness”

6. "Important Event"

7. "Dreams"

8. "By the Fireplace"

9. "Game of Horses"

10. "Not too serious"

11. "The Horror Story"

12. “Child falling asleep”

13. “The poet speaks”

S. Prokofiev. Symphonic fairy tale for children “Peter and the Wolf”

The work was written in 1936 for production at the Children's musical theater Natalia Sats. The tale is performed by a reader, the text for which was written by the composer himself, and by an orchestra.

The plot of the work is simple, but the point is that each character is represented by a specific instrument and a separate motif, thus children become familiar with the musical instruments included in the symphony orchestra.

The plot of the tale

Early in the morning, pioneer Petya goes out onto a large green lawn. The familiar Bird, noticing Petya, flies down. The Duck enters the slightly open gate and goes to the pond. Along the way, she begins to argue with the Bird about which of them should be considered the real bird. The Cat is watching them, she is ready to catch one of them, but Petya warns them. The bird flies up the tree, and the Duck dives into the pond, and the Cat is left with nothing.

Petya's grandfather comes out. He warns Petya that a big one is walking in the forest. Gray wolf, and takes his grandson away. Soon the Wolf appears. The Cat quickly climbs the tree, and the Duck jumps out of the pond, but the Wolf overtakes her and swallows her.

Petya climbs over the fence with the help of a rope and finds himself on a tall tree. He asks the Bird to distract the Wolf and puts a noose around his tail. Hunters who have been watching the Wolf for a long time come out of the forest. Petya helps them tie up the Wolf and take him to the zoo. The work ends with a general procession in which all its characters participate: Petya walks in front, the Hunters lead the Wolf behind him, the Bird flies above them, and Grandfather and the Cat are behind. A quiet quack is heard: this is the voice of the Duck, sitting in the belly of the Wolf, who was in such a hurry that he swallowed her alive.

Peter― stringed instruments(mostly violins).
Birdie- flute in a high register.
Duck- oboe, “quacking” melody in the lower register.
Cat- clarinet.
Grandfather- bassoon imitating grumbling.
Wolf- three horns.
Hunters- timpani and big drum(image of shots), wind instruments(final march).

E. Grieg "Peer Gynt"

Norwegian composer Edvard Grieg did not create special children's cycles, but his music is so simple and accessible to children that even children 5-6 years old can understand it. They take especially close to their hearts the plays from the music to Ibsen’s drama “Peer Gynt” - “Solveig’s Song”, “In the Cave” mountain king", "Anitra's Dance" and others.

P.I. Tchaikovsky wrote: “In Grieg’s music, imbued with enchanting melancholy, reflecting the beauty of Norwegian nature, sometimes majestically wide and grandiose, sometimes drab, modest, wretched, but for the soul of a northerner always unspeakably enchanting, there is something close, dear, immediately which finds a warm, sympathetic response in our hearts.”

Other composers also wrote for children: piano cycle C. Debussy"Children's Corner "; M. Ravel“Mother Goose”, pieces for piano based on fairy tales by Perrault; collection B. Bartok“First steps at the piano”, as well as many Russian authors, from A. Grechaninova, S. Prokofiev and V. Rebikov before S. Maikapara, A. Gedike, E. Gnesina, Dm. Kabalevsky etc. Children's cycles are known S. Gavrilova“Heroes of fairy tales”, “For kids about animals”, “For the little ones”, D. Shostakovich"Album piano pieces for children".

Lesson summary for children 5-7 years old "Children's album by P.I. Tchaikovsky."

Tikhomirova Elena Dmitrievna, music director of MBDOU kindergarten No. 44 Belovo.
Description of material: The material will be interesting music directors kindergartens.
Target: Introducing children to the history of the creation of P.I. Tchaikovsky’s “Children’s Album”.
Tasks: Expand the contents of the "Children's Album".
To instill in children a desire to listen to children's classical works.

Progress of the lesson:
Good afternoon guys! Today I will talk about the wonderful music of the great Russian composer P.I. Tchaikovsky. I will introduce you to the history of the creation of the “Children’s Album” and tell you about musical works that have become children's classics.
The history of Russian music for children is rooted in the musical creativity of the people. Musical folk works for children - songs, jokes and sayings, games with songs - served as the basis for the creation of Russian composers for children. A lot of wonderful works were written by S. Maikopar, A. Grechaninov, V. Ryabikov, S. Prokofiev, A. Khachaturian, but we rightfully call Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky the founder of children's music in Russia.
He was the first composer to create an album of piano pieces for children.
“Children's Album” is perhaps the most beloved work of little pianists around the world.
By composing the “Children’s Album,” Tchaikovsky carried out his long-standing plan - to enrich the children’s musical literature. This album was written in the summer of 1878 in Ukraine, in the village of Kamenka. There the composer often visited his sister.
Pyotr Ilyich spent all his free time with his nephews. “Flowers, music and children,” the composer often said, “are the best decoration of life!” And what did he come up with for his little friends! Fun trips to the forest, fields, picking flowers, mushrooms, picnics, bonfires, fireworks, musical performances, evenings with dancing.
Pyotr Ilyich loved to listen to the guys, and there were seven of them, playing music. He especially admired Volodya Davydov - little Bob, or bobby, as he was affectionately called in the family. The boy was Pyotr Ilyich's favorite. Volodya studied the piano for a long time and diligently.
Listening to little Bob play, Pyotr Ilyich more than once thought that there were not so many compositions intended for children. The boy had to play too boring music - dry exercises, gray, faceless plays.
It was then that the idea was to create an album of plays for the children.
And so we turn over the pages of the “Children’s Album”: there are 24 small plays, each of them is a living children’s skit, and together they make up interesting story about the life of children of a time distant from us, what surrounded them, how they spent their time, what impressions remained in their memory. This album contains thoughts, feelings, moods of children, play scenes, scary tales, dreams. And also pictures of Russian life and Russian nature, travel songs.
The child's day always began and ended with prayer. By praying, he tuned in to good thoughts and actions. (“Morning Prayer”).
There are plays in the “Children's Album” dedicated to the closest and dearest people.
“Mom” is a kind and attentive look, these are words full of affection, the gentle touch of caring hands. And the melody of the play seems to be given by a soft and bright smile. ("Mother").
The composer devotes some of his plays to children's games and amusements. In the play “March of the Wooden Soldiers,” you can hear the rhythm of the chased step and the beat of the drum of a toy army of soldiers. (“March of the Wooden Soldiers”).
These are boys' games.
But there is also a whole poem related to girls’ games. It has three parts. This is a story about a doll. She got sick. Sad, mournful music tells about the doll's illness. This play is called “The Doll’s Disease.” (“Doll Disease”)
How sincerely and truthfully the composer revealed the girl’s grief! The play “Funeral of a Doll” is even sadder in nature. The music of a small funeral march sounds restrained and truly mournful. (“Funeral of a Doll”).
But the girl was given a new doll. Every girl knows the special feeling that arises when she is unexpectedly given a beautiful, elegant doll. We hear joy, delight and glee in “The New Doll”. (“New Doll”).
The favorite dances of young people of that time were waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises, minuets, and polkas. In the children's album they alternate one after another: the graceful “Waltz”, the playful, rhythmically sharp “Mazurka”, the graceful and flirtatious “Polka”. ("Polka").
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky loved to travel. He reflected his impressions of Italy, France, and Sweden in music. In the "Children's Album" - travel stories are presented by "An Old French Song", "German Song", "Italian Song" and one of the most striking plays of the "Children's Album" - "Neapolitan Song". (“An old French song”).
Great place in the "Children's Album" is devoted to paintings and images of Russian nature and life, Russian holidays. Scenes from the life of a Russian village await in the plays “Russian Song”, “A Man Plays the Harmonica”, “Kamarinskaya”. Each of these pieces refracts the characteristic turns of Russian dance melodies in its own way, but “Kamarinskaya” is especially fascinating. (“Kamarinskaya”).
But now the long day ends. Time to go to bed. If you ask the old nanny nicely, she will definitely tell you an interesting fairy tale. What kind of visions do not arise in the imagination. Baba Yaga is rapidly rushing after someone in pursuit. The chords sound insistently and harshly, and the rumbling passages in the bass seem to convey the seething anger of the old witch. And it’s as if you see how she flies over the forests and valleys in her foot. They chase with a pestle, and cover the trail with a broom. (“Baba Yaga”).
My eyelids are already beginning to close, but I really don’t want to go to bed. It’s better to climb into the far corner of the sofa with your feet and dream about something very good and bright. The dream takes you far, far away. “Sweet Dream” is imbued with this mood. ("Sweet Dream")
The “Children's Album” ends with the harsh and sad play “In the Church.” The child not only met with prayer, but also saw off every day he lived, remembering what good deeds he managed to do.
The outstanding musicologist B.V. Asafiev wrote about the “Children's Album”: “In this book - lyrical music. She illustrates, and tells, and thinks, and dreams. With his lyrical melodies, the composer makes the instrument... sing, and talk, and have fun,... and tell fairy tales.”
After leaving Kamenka, Tchaikovsky wrote to Lev Vasilyevich Davydov, Bob’s father: “Tell Bob that the notes with pictures have been printed, that these notes were composed by Uncle Petya and that on them is written: “Dedicated to Volodya Davydov.”
“Children's Album” has become a most valuable contribution to world children's culture, on which more than one generation of children is brought up.

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Discipline: Analysis of a musical work

Analysis of the three-part form of the musical work "New Doll"

1. Information about the composer and his work

Tchaikovsky Pyotr Ilyich (1840-- 1893), composer, conductor, teacher.

Born on May 7, 1840 in a village near the Kama-Votkinsk plant (now the city of Votkinsk, Udmurtia) in the family of a mining engineer. In 1850, the family moved to St. Petersburg, and Tchaikovsky entered the School of Law, from which he graduated in 1859.

He received the rank of titular councilor and a position in the Ministry of Justice. But his love for music turned out to be stronger - in 1862 the young man passed the exams at the then newly opened St. Petersburg Conservatory. In 1863, he left the service, and after graduating with a silver medal from the Conservatory (1866), he was invited to take the position of professor at the Moscow Conservatory.

In 1866, Tchaikovsky wrote the First Symphony ("Winter Dreams"), in 1869 - the opera "The Voevoda" and the fantasy overture "Romeo and Juliet", in 1875 - the famous First Piano Concerto, in 1876 -- Swan Lake ballet".

At the end of the 70s. the composer experienced a severe mental crisis associated with an unsuccessful marriage, and in 1878 he left teaching. Nevertheless, it was in this year that one of his best works was created - the opera “Eugene Onegin” based on the plot of A. S. Pushkin.

The real pinnacle was opera" Queen of Spades"(1890), also based on the plot of Pushkin. In 1891, Tchaikovsky wrote his last opera, Iolanta. He also composed music for the ballets: The Sleeping Beauty, 1889; The Nutcracker, 1892. The Rise of Tchaikovsky - the symphonist appears in his Sixth Symphony (1893).

The composer constantly turned to small forms. He is the author of 100 romances that are pearls vocal lyrics, as well as more than 100 piano pieces (including the cycles "The Seasons", 1876, and "Children's Album", 1878). Tchaikovsky's work was highly appreciated during his lifetime - in 1885 he was elected director of the Russian musical society, in 1892 became a corresponding member French Academy fine arts, in 1893 - an honorary doctorate from the University of Cambridge.

Pyotr Ilyich spent the last years of his life in Klin near Moscow, where in 1892 he purchased a house (since 1894 the composer’s museum).

2. Cycle characteristics

The time of creation of the "Children's Album" by P.I. Tchaikovsky.

"Children's Album" by P.I. Tchaikovsky refers to a cycle of piano pieces.

The composer's idea of writing a children's cycle can be dated back to February 1878. Tchaikovsky was traveling abroad. In one of his letters to friends, he reports his desire to create a small collection of easy plays for children to perform. The vacation was completely over in May 1878. Musical numbers interconnected in small microcycles. Tchaikovsky hid the depth of the subtext and the difficult life period under melodic intonations. "Children's Album", the creation of which is connected with the family of the composer's sister, deserves to be called a masterpiece.

Analysis of the plays included in the "Children's Album" by P.I. Tchaikovsky

With extraordinary sensitivity and a subtle understanding of child psychology, the composer reflected in “Children's Album” the life and everyday life of the children of the environment that surrounded him every day. The "Children's Album" contains 24 plays that are not connected by a single theme. All the plays in the cycle are programmatic, each containing a specific plot and living poetic content. The collection captures a wide range of images. This:

paintings of nature - “Winter Morning”, “Song of the Lark”.

children's games - "Game of Horses", "Doll Illness", "Funeral of a Doll", "New Doll", "March of the Wooden Soldiers".

The characters of Russian folk tales are vividly depicted - "Nanny's Tale", "Baba Yaga", Russian folk art- “Russian song”, “A man plays a harmonica”, “Kamarinskaya”.

songs of other nations - “Italian song”, “Old French song”, “German song”, “Neapolitan song”.

The cycle contains elements of figurativeness - "The Organ Grinder Sings" and onomatopoeia - "The Lark's Song".

Tchaikovsky, without resorting to simplification, paints a rich inner world child in the plays "Morning Reflection", "Sweet Dream" and "Chorus".

Plays included in the "Children's Album":

1. Morning prayer

2.Winter morning

3.Horse game

5.March of the wooden soldiers

6.Doll disease

7.Doll funeral

8.New doll

9.Waltz10.Mazurka

11.Russian song

12. A man plays the harmonica

13.Kamarinskaya

15. Italian song

16.An old French song

17.German song

18.Neapolitan song

19. Nanny's tale

20.Baba Yaga

21.Sweet Dream

22.Song of the Lark

23. The organ grinder sings

24.In the church

3. Holistic musical theoretical analysis of the work being analyzed

musical piece by Tchaikovsky composer

The character and programming of the play "New Doll".

The play "New Doll" is a subtle psychological sketch - a girl's joy over wonderful gift- a new doll.

The play is very joyful, fast-paced and flighty. The girl is so happy new toy! Together with her doll, she spins, dances and probably feels very happy. The performing means are rhythmic and textural monotony: in the extreme parts of the play there is repetition of a rhythmic figure - a quarter and an eighth, and in the middle - two eighths separated by pauses. In the extreme parts, the development and variety of wonderful expressiveness, flight, and soft aspiration of the melody will be helped by the dynamics and subtle articulatory instructions set by the author. These parts are performed as if “in one breath”, achieving gradual dynamics.

In the middle part of the piece, the “breathing” melody can be traced through the flexibility of intonation and the continuity of development of the music. In the dynamics, accurately presented by the author, the climax occurs at 24-25 bars. Without changing the general joyful mood, pauses appear in the melody between short motifs of two sounds, conveying a kind of rapid breathing. By the end of the middle part the excitement subsides; the music of the first movement returns.

"New Doll" is a program play. Its title “programs” the mood and content; there is already an idea of what to expect before listening to the first sounds of the piece.

Musical analysis of the play.

You can hear emotional feelings in the melody, the girl’s joy for her new doll.

The key of the work is Bb-dur (B b major), with a key of 2 signs-B? mi?

The size of the work is 3/8

Three-part play form

Tempo-Allegro (coming soon)

3) Structural analysis period.

The play has a period of non-square structure.

Thematically, parts 1 and 3 are similar, because part 3 is a repeat of part 1. Part 2 is the middle of the entire play (the climax).

The main key of the play "New Doll" is Bb-dur. During the performance of the work, this tonality undergoes virtually no changes caused by deviations and modulations.

The work has a rhythmic motif. A characteristic rhythmic formula, an abstract aspect of the melody.

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