Presentation on fine arts on the topic "The inner world of a Russian hut" (5th grade). Summary of the lesson on fine arts “The inner world of a Russian hut Drawing on the topic of the inner world of a Russian hut
Lesson topic: "The inner world of a Russian hut."
(5th grade. Program by B.M. Nemensky)
Lesson type: combined(lesson of new knowledge and practical work)
The purpose of the lesson:
To form in students imaginative ideas about organization, the wise arrangement by a person of the interior space of a hut and decor.
Introduce the concept of interior, its features in a peasant home; form the concept of spiritual and material.
Tasks:
Educational:
Continue introducing students to the living conditions of peasants, emphasizing that they remained almost unchanged over the centuries.
Pay attention to the wealth of traditions and customs associated with the world of the peasant hut.
Involve students in searching for antiques, setting up an exhibition, collecting proverbs and sayings on the topic of the lesson, which helps to increase interest in the subject and develop students’ creative abilities.
Emphasize the originality, talent of the Russian people, their simplicity and deep spirituality.
Educational:
Activate cognitive interest in history.
Develop children's horizons, memory, students' attention, thinking, ability to analyze.
Summarize graphic skills related to drawing up a housing diagram, imagination and fantasy.
Educational:
To instill in students an interest in the historical past of the Motherland.
To cultivate aesthetic and artistic taste in the process of perceiving educational material.
Visual range: presentation on the topic of the lesson, illustrations for Russian fairy tales, epics,
drawings of an empty room.
Music series: folk songs.
Equipment and materials: brushes, paints, a jar for water, pencils, A4 sheets, PC, projector, screen.
During the classes
1. Organizational moment. (2 minutes)
Teacher:
My friends, I am very glad
Enter your welcoming class
And for me it’s already a reward
Attention to your smart eyes,
I know everyone in the class is a genius
But talent is of no use without work,
Let's take brushes and paints in our hands
And together we will write a lesson.
Today we have guests from schools in the Vygonichsky district at an extracurricular lesson. In the Vygoniichi region there are many villages and hamlets with their own history and the facades of ancient houses that are preserved to this day in their original form.
All this is the history and cultural heritage of our Motherland, which we must protect and preserve, otherwise we will not have a past, and a people who do not know their history and traditions have no future.
2. Updating basic knowledge. (5 minutes)
SLIDE №1
Teacher:
Russian hut... This is not the first time we have encountered it in our lessons and extracurricular activities, and again we turn to its image.
What does the concept of a rustic or wooden house mean to you?
(A rustic, wooden house is the cradle of peasant Russia. Man, feeling unprotected from cosmic forces and elements, sought to create his own world, his own home - kind and cozy. Your own microcosm, a small universe.)
Teacher:
Guys, let's remember what the design of a village house is?? (The pediment of the hut is the brow, the front part of the facade is the face, the middle beam along the ceiling is the mother - the Milky Way, the floor is the ground, the windows are the eyes.)
What model of the world does she represent? What did the hut represent? (Combination of three cosmic elements - sky, earth and underworld.)
How was the Russian hut built? With what tool?
(It’s a pity that few ancient wooden structures have survived to this day. Some of them were destroyed by fires in the hard years, others were spared by time. But we still know that our ancestors built their houses with the help of one ax. And that’s why huts and were called chopped. There is not a single nail in such a building. After all, nails rust, and with them the wood deteriorates.)
Teacher:
Well done boys,
Why are we all around the hut!?
What do you think, if we go into the hut, what can we talk about and what new things will we learn?
"The inner world of a peasant hut"
Today in the lesson we will continue to get acquainted with the inner world of the Russian hut, its interior and decoration, and consolidate knowledge about the organization and wise arrangement by man of the internal space of the hut.
And for this you need magic words - everything you just said about the hut, I summed it up in verse:
| On my native land And protected from evil. | What did the master carve? The door opened slightly So the hut opened up to us. |
Teacher:
In the hut there is the same order that is observed in nature, everything is harmonious and perfect.
Let's find out what was in the Russian hut.
Entering the hut we will see under the ceiling POLAVOSHNIKI(shelves), they housed peasant utensils: dishes, baskets, baskets. The dishes were usually wooden or clay.
SLIDE No. 6
For newborns, an elegant dress was hung from the ceiling of the hut CASSET. The cradle was secured on a flexible pole to the mother.
SLIDE No. 7
The floor - the ground - was covered HOMEWOVEN RUGS- paths.
SLIDE No.
To illuminate the hut in the evening they used LUCHINA, which was placed in SVETETS.
SLIDE No.
In a peasant house BAKE was a nurse, a protector from the cold, a healer from diseases. It is no coincidence that the stove is a common character often found in Russian fairy tales.
What fairy tales do you know that talk about the stove?
“Whatever is in the oven is all swords on the table.”- says the Russian proverb. The stove serves not only to heat the home, but also for cooking. You can use it to dry food for future use – mushrooms, for example (or you can also dry felt boots after a winter walk). On the stove it was possible “warm the bones” for the elderly - for this purpose it was equipped with a couch. At the bottom of the stove, you can see a recess for storing firewood. It was believed that a brownie lived behind the stove - the keeper of the hearth. During matchmaking, the bride was traditionally hidden behind the stove. The Russian stove is a home, a place surrounded by reverence for the entire peasant family: it is a source of existence and well-being.
The stove is a clean place; you cannot spit on the stove or burn garbage in it. The guest who entered the hut, first of all, leaned his palms against the stove, thus paying respect to the mistress of the house and asking for favor from the brownie.
Near the mouth of the furnace there are iron grips, which are used to place cast iron pots in and out of the furnace. There is also a poker and a shovel for baking bread nearby. The warmth that the stove breathed was akin to spiritual warmth.”
In the hut, where the stove was heated “black,” there was no ceiling: the smoke came out of the window right under the roof. Such peasant huts were called chicken. Only the rich had a stove with a chimney and a hut with a ceiling. Why is that? In the smoking hut all the walls were black and smoked. It turns out that such sooty walls do not rot longer, the hut could last a hundred years, and a stove without a chimney “ate” less wood.
“The peasant was clever and put a hut on the stove.”
Wanting to convey his state of mind, the man said: “It’s like warming yourself by the stove.”Where is the coziest place in the house? On the stove:“Don’t feed me bread, just don’t drive me out of the oven.”They swore on the stove the truthfulness of their words:“If I’m lying, then God forbid I at least choke on the stove.”They say about a person who does not understand anything about current events:“It’s like I fell out of an oven.”
SLIDE
In front of us on the left RED CORNER hut. The spiritual center of the house. Spiritual - from the word “soul”. It also happens on the right, it all depends on which corner at the entrance the stove was in - the red corner was located diagonally from the stove.
Why is this corner called red? Do not know ?
What does the word red mean? Red means beautiful, main. The dawn lit up in the morning.
Initially, houses were built so that this corner of the house was directed towardssoutheast. The east was associated with the idea of paradise, blissful happiness, life-giving light and hope; they turned to the east with prayers, spells, and incantations.
Icon always hung with the front side facing the east, where the sun rises - the embodiment of kindness. Everyone followed this rule: be it a peasant hut, royal chambers or merchant mansions. In case of any misfortune or fire, the icon was the first to be taken out of the hut.
All significant events of family life were noted in the red corner. A table was placed here, at which both everyday meals and festive feasts and rituals took place.
BOYAR GAME
SLIDE No.
One of the material objects was TABLE. The table was treated with respect and called “God’s palm,” which is why it was forbidden for children to hit the table or climb on it. Along the walls there were wide STORE. Benches differed from benches in that benches were firmly attached to the walls, and benches could be freely moved from place to place.
SLIDE No. 12
WOMEN'S CORNER
Who spent the most time at the stove?
The corner opposite the stove was called - woman's cut, women's corner. Here the housewife, closer to the stove, prepared food, there was a cabinet for storing kitchen utensils - dishware
Therefore, the part where the stove stood was called the female half. There the housewives spun and did handicrafts.
SLIDE No. 13
MEN'S CORNER
A shop was set up from the door to the side wall - KONIK, where men did household work. The vertical board often depicted a horse, hence the name. This place was the male half.
Peasant property was stored under the bench. And on the wall hung horse harnesses, clothes and work supplies. On the men's side there was one more thing... It simultaneously served as a bench, a bed, and storage of things.
Can you guess what we're talking about?
SLIDE No. 14
Of course it is BOX. Over time, he replaced the bunk. There was a large chest in the corner to store clothes. Boxes and caskets were made to store jewelry. Chests came in different sizes. Small chests not intended for sitting were calledchests . Large chests were lined with iron strips for strength, and often a bracket was made for the lock. They were decorated with carvings, forged metal patterns, and drawings. And they kept things and jewelry in chests.
5. Summing up.
Teacher:
Today you will get acquainted with the interior of a peasant hut.
To continue we must find out what is INTERIOR? (Discussion of the word by childrenINTERIOR is the internal view of the room and its decoration.)
6.Practical work (15 min)
(Safety rules for working with scissors)
Look, we have opened our mouths -
You can put paper in it,
Paper in our mouth
Will split into parts.
Work in groups. The guys agree on what they will draw and which item from the interior. After drawing, they cut it out and attach it to a previously prepared drawing of an empty room. (music plays in the background)
7. Reflection on the lesson results.(5 minutes)
Demonstration of children's completed work.
- Well done guys, pay attention to what creative work we did.
(Teams receive marks while evaluating each other)
Questions to reinforce a new topic:
What was considered the main thing in the hut?
A shop that was set up for men?
What did you use to store clothes?
How is each item decorated?
This is our culture, which reflects the character, morals, customs and traditions of our people.
8. Homework:
Continuing the topic, find information about household items
Teacher:
| The ax was knocking, chips were flying, Then log to log lay down, Tow is like a beard, There are a row of portraits on the wall, | The one entering the hut bowed, And the stove in the hut was the main thing, The fire was burning, the stove was humming, A dark table with a bench underneath it, | Peasant work is always difficult: The hut lived its full life: I was waiting since the war, the hut, growing old, Yes, Rus' is powerful and united, |
The inner world of a Russian hut (Can be used for distance learning).
Verb, purse and timber
The house was built with a carved porch,
With deliberate masculine taste
And each with his own face
V. Fedotov
In a low room with a casement window
The lamp glows in the twilight of the night:
The weak light will completely freeze,
It will shower the walls with trembling light.
The new light is neatly tidied up:
The window curtain turns white in the darkness;
The floor is planed smooth; the ceiling is level;
The stove collapsed into a corner.
On the walls there are installations with grandfather’s goods,
A narrow bench covered with a carpet,
Painted hoop with an extendable chair
And the bed is carved with a colored canopy.
Here there is the same order that is observed in nature, everything is like in nature - harmonious and perfect.
The ceiling is the sky, the floor is the earth, the underground is the underworld, the windows are light.
In popular belief, the ceiling was associated with the sky; matitsa (middle beam supporting a wooden ceiling) personified the Milky Way. Path in the sky.
There were half-shoulders under the ceiling; peasant utensils were placed on them. The dishes were usually wooden or clay. And near the stove they reinforced a wooden flooring - a floor. They slept on the floors.
Almost every hut had a loom - red, on which women weaved.
There was little furniture in the hut, and it didn’t differ in variety - a table, benches, chests, dish shelves - that’s probably all.
For newborns, an elegant cradle was hung from the ceiling of the hut. The cradle was secured on a flexible pole to the mother.
Gender symbolized the earth; homespun rugs - paths sent in the direction from the door to the front windows - were a figurative expression of the idea of a path-road.
The subfloor symbolized the lower, underground world.
Window-eye - connection with the big world, white light. The house looked at the world through windows - eyes; it connected the world of home life with the outside world.
To illuminate the hut in the evening, a torch or kerosene lamp was used. A kerosene lamp was hung from the ceiling or placed on a table.
A simple peasant house consisted of one large room, conventionally divided into two main centers - spiritual and material.
By the material center we understand the world of objects intended for our body, health, and well-being. In a peasant house, the source of all this was the OVEN - a nurse, a protector from the cold, a healer from diseases. It is no coincidence that the stove is a common character often found in Russian fairy tales.
“The peasant is smart, he put a hut on the stove,” says the Russian proverb. Indeed, the stove is the soul of a peasant house. She is a nurse, a water provider, and a body warmer. Without a stove there is no hut. The word “izba” itself comes from the ancient “istba”, “heater”. Initially, the hut was the heated part of the house. The location of the stove determined the layout of the hut. It was usually placed in the corner to the right or left of the entrance. The corner opposite the mouth of the stove was considered the housewife's workplace. Everything here was adapted for cooking. Next to the stove there are grips, a poker, shovels that are used to put bread in the oven, a wooden tub with water, and on the shelves there are cast iron pots, pots and other kitchen utensils. The recess where the fire burns is closed by a damper. At the bottom of the stove, the oven is considered to be the house of the brownie.
In the front corner of the hut there was a red corner. This was the most honorable place - the spiritual center of the house. In the corner on a shelf stood icons decorated with a woven or embroidered towel, bunches of dry herbs, and a dining table stood nearby. Important events in the life of the peasant family took place in this part of the hut. The most valuable guests were seated in the red corner at a table covered with an elegant tablecloth - a tabletop. A wide bench with a lid was built from the door to the side wall. On it, men usually did household work. They hemmed shoes, made harnesses and household utensils. Under the ceiling there were floor coverings, on which peasant utensils were placed, and near the stove there was a reinforced plank flooring - a floor. They slept in the tents, and during get-togethers or weddings, children climbed in and watched with curiosity what was happening or listened to interesting stories from adult family members about how they lived before them. Thus, passing on from mouth to mouth the history of his family and the events occurring along the way.
All significant events of family life were noted in the red corner. Here, both everyday meals and festive feasts took place at the table, and many calendar rituals took place. In the wedding ceremony, the matchmaking of the bride, her ransom from her girlfriends and brother took place in the red corner; from the red corner of her father's house they took her to the church for the wedding, brought her to the groom's house and took her to the red corner too.
During harvesting, the first and last ears of the crop were placed in the red corner. Endowed, according to folk legends, with magical powers, they promised well-being for the family, home, and entire household. According to traditional etiquette, a person who came to the hut could go to the red corner only at the special invitation of the owners. They tried to keep it clean and elegantly decorated. The name “red” itself means “beautiful”, “good”, “light”. It was decorated with embroidered towels, popular prints, and postcards. The most beautiful household utensils were placed on the shelves near the red corner, the most valuable papers and objects were stored.
Everywhere among Russians, when laying the foundation of a house, it was a common custom to place money under the lower crown in all corners, and a larger coin was placed under the red corner.
In a Russian hut, men usually worked and rested during the day in the men's half of the hut, which included a front corner with icons and a bench near the entrance. Women and children were in the women's quarters near the stove during the day. Places for sleeping at night were also allocated. Old people slept on the floor near the doors, the stove or on the stove, on a cabbage, children and single youth slept under the sheets or on the sheets. In warm weather, adult couples spent the night in cages and hallways; in cold weather, on a bench under the curtains or on a platform near the stove. Each family member knew his place at the table.
The owner of the house sat under the icons during a family meal. His eldest son was located on the right hand of his father, the second son on the left, the third next to his elder brother. Children under marriageable age were seated on a bench running from the front corner along the facade.
Women ate while sitting on side benches or stools. It was not supposed to violate the established order in the house unless absolutely necessary. The person who violated them could be severely punished. On weekdays the hut looked quite modest. There was nothing superfluous in it: the table stood without a tablecloth, the walls without decorations. On a holiday, the hut was transformed: the table was moved to the middle, covered with a tablecloth, and festive utensils, previously stored in cages, were displayed on the shelves. In a traditional Russian home, benches ran along the walls in a circle, starting from the entrance, and served for sitting, sleeping, and storing various household items. Each shop in the hut had its own name
A simple peasant hut, but how much wisdom and meaning it has absorbed! The interior of the hut is as high art as anything created by the talented Russian people.
- Fine art lesson
- 5th grade
- I quarter
- Topic: “The inner world of a Russian hut”
- Teacher: Zozulya Yulia Andreevna
- g.o. Krasnoznamensk
- Updating of reference knowledge
- - What principles were used to decorate the appearance of a peasant hut?
- - Why did people decorate their homes?
- In a low room with a casement window
- The lamp glows in the twilight of the night:
- The weak light will completely freeze,
- It will shower the walls with trembling light.
- The new light is neatly tidied up:
- The window curtain turns white in the darkness;
- The floor is planed smooth; the ceiling is level;
- The stove collapsed into a corner.
- On the walls there are installations with grandfather’s goods,
- A narrow bench covered with a carpet,
- Painted hoop with an extendable chair
- And the bed is carved with a colored canopy.
- L. May
- Under the ceiling there were floor covers, on which peasant utensils were placed, and near the stove there was a wooden flooring - a floor.
- Almost every hut had a weaving mill - red. Women weaved on it.
- For a newborn, an elegant cradle was hung from the ceiling of the hut.
- “The stove fed, gave water, treated and consoled, sometimes babies were born on it, and when a person became decrepit, it helped to withstand the brief death throes with dignity and calm down forever. A stove was needed at any age, in any condition, position. It cooled down along with the death of the entire family or home... The warmth that the stove breathed was akin to spiritual warmth.”
- A simple peasant hut, but how much wisdom and meaning it has absorbed! The interior of the hut is as high art as anything created by the talented Russian people.
- List of used literature:
- Goryaeva N.A. “Decorative and applied art in human life” Moscow “Enlightenment” 2006
- Goryaeva N.A. “First steps in the world of art” Moscow “Enlightenment” 1991
- Goryaeva N.A. “Methodological manual for the textbook” Moscow “Enlightenment” 2003
- Nemensky B.M. “Art around us” Moscow “Enlightenment” 2004
- Nemensky B.M. “Fine arts and artistic work. Program" Moscow "Enlightenment" 2005
- www.google.ru ( The museum is a preserve of wooden architecture. Kizhi.)
- Thank you for your attention!
Target: To form in students figurative ideas about the organization, the wise arrangement by a person of the internal space of a hut.
Visual range: Drawings of the interior of a peasant home; reproductions; ICT presentation
Literary series: L. May “In a low light ...”, V. Belov - a statement about the Russian stove, children's books with illustrations of a Russian hut.
Organizing time
Preparing for the lesson. Set up for the lesson.
Updating of reference knowledge
What principles were used to decorate the appearance of a peasant hut?
Why did people decorate their homes?
Formation of new knowledge
(On the screen there is an image of a hut, frame No. 5) Russian hut... We have already met with it more than once in our lessons, and we return to this image again. Man, feeling unprotected from cosmic forces and elements, sought to create his own world, his own home - kind and cozy. We are already familiar with the pattern of the decorative elements of the hut, its design: the pediment of the hut is the forehead, the front part is the face, the windows are the eyes. The log hut is a model of the world - a combination of three cosmic elements - sky, earth and the underworld.
Verb, purse and timber
The house was built with a carved porch
With deliberate masculine taste
And each with their own face.
V. Fedotov
But let's, guys, mentally enter a peasant's home ( an image of the interior of the hut appears on the screen, frame No. 6)
In a low room with a casement window
The lamp glows in the twilight of the night:
The weak light will completely freeze,
It will shower the walls with trembling light.
The new light is neatly tidied up:
The window curtain turns white in the darkness;
The floor is planed smooth; the ceiling is level;
The stove collapsed into a corner.
On the walls there are installations with grandfather’s goods,
A narrow bench covered with a carpet,
Painted hoop with an extendable chair
And the bed is carved with a colored canopy.
Here there is the same order that is observed in nature, everything is like in nature - harmonious and perfect.
The ceiling is the sky, the floor is the earth, the underground is the underworld, the windows are light.
(Frame No. 7) Ceiling associated in popular ideas with the sky; matitsa (middle beam supporting a wooden ceiling) personified the Milky Way. Path in the sky.
(Frame No. 8) There were half-shoulders under the ceiling, with peasant utensils on them. The dishes were usually wooden or clay. And near the stove they reinforced a wooden flooring - a floor. They slept on the floors.
(Frame No. 9) Almost every hut had a loom - red, on which women weaved.
(Frame No. 10) For newborns, an elegant cradle was hung from the ceiling of the hut. The cradle was secured on a flexible pole to the mother.
(Frame No. 11 ) Floor – land; homespun rugs - paths sent in the direction from the door to the front windows - were a figurative expression of the idea of a path-road.
Underground symbolized the lower, underground world.
(Frame No. 12) Window-eye – connection with the big world, white light. The house looked at the world through windows - eyes; it connected the world of home life with the outside world.
To illuminate the hut in the evening, a torch or kerosene lamp was used. A kerosene lamp was hung from the ceiling or placed on a table.
A simple peasant house consisted of one large room, conventionally divided into two main centers - spiritual and material.
Under material center we understand the world of objects intended for our body, health, well-being. In a peasant house, the source of all this was the OVEN - a nurse, a protector from the cold, a healer from diseases. It is no coincidence that the stove is a common character often found in Russian fairy tales.
Name fairy tales where the stove is an active character.
(“At the command of the pike”, “Geese-swans”)
(Frame No. 13) “What is in the oven is all on the table,” says the Russian proverb. What is there in it? What can you “throw” on the table? Coals and firebrands, or what? This question can only be asked by a person who has never seen a Russian stove - a heating structure that has been popular on Russian soil since the beginning of the 15th century. This stove serves not only to heat the home, but also for cooking. You can use it to dry food for future use – mushrooms, for example (or you can also dry felt boots after a winter walk). It was possible to “warm the bones” of old people on the stove - for this purpose it was equipped with a couch. You could even wash yourself in the stove. Pay attention to individual details and the shape of the stove. In front of the mouth of the furnace there was a hearth on which the cast iron pots were placed. Small depressions in the walls of the oven were used for drying splinters or, in winter, for drying mittens. Under the hearth, at the bottom of the stove, you can see a recess for storing firewood.
The furnace of the furnace (the vaulted cooking chamber) could be heated to 200 degrees, and this is a very high temperature - after all, water already boils at 100 degrees. Bakers know that this is exactly the temperature required to bake bread. Experts in Russian cuisine will add that a heated crucible retains heat for hours - which means you can “drown” milk in it, cook crumbly porridges, cook roasts. The taste of food cooked in a Russian oven is not forgotten.
(Frame No. 14) Near the mouth of the furnace there are iron grips, which are used to place cast iron in the furnace and take it out of the furnace. There is also a poker and a shovel for baking bread nearby.
(Frame No. 15) Listen, guys, how powerfully, wisely, and deeply in Russian, the writer V. Belov, an expert on peasant life, wrote about the stove: “The stove fed, watered, treated and consoled, sometimes babies were born on it, and when a person became decrepit, it helped to withstand the brief death throes with dignity and calm down forever. A stove was needed at any age, in any condition, position. It cooled down along with the death of the entire family or house... The warmth that the stove breathed was akin to spiritual warmth.”
(Frame No. 16) Red corner (front, large, holy) – facing southeast. The east was associated with the idea of paradise, blissful happiness, life-giving light and hope; they turned to the east with prayers, spells, and incantations. The epithet “red” has a lot to do with it. Remember, the girl is beautiful...Red bench, red windows, red corner.
Red means beautiful, main. In the red corner there was a shrine, decorated with dry medicinal herbs and, on holidays, snow-white towels with embroidery and lace. The red corner represented the dawn. In this part of the hut, important events in the life of the family took place; the most dear guests were seated in the red corner, on a red bench at the table.
(Frame No. 17) A simple peasant hut, and how much wisdom and meaning it has absorbed! The interior of the hut is as high art as anything created by the talented Russian people.
Let's look at the image of a village hut from photographs and paintings by artists.
Practical workDraw a fragment of the interior of the hut with the main objects.
Sequence of images of a peasant interior:
1. Options for the compositional solution of a peasant interior: image of the corner of the front wall with two adjacent side walls. (Frame No. 18)
2. fit into the interior (optional) a stove, bench, etc.
3. execution in color (practice the “log” stroke, making furnishings and household items)
Lesson summary
Analysis of student work.
Homework: Select illustrations of peasant household items.
Addition
Presentation on the topic of the lesson “The inner world of a Russian hut” -
Lesson topic: “The inner world of a Russian hut”
Class– 5
Lesson Objectives:
subject UUD: Compare and name the structural decorative elements of the living environment of a peasant house. Recognize and explain the wisdom of the traditional living environment. Compare and contrast the interiors of Russian peasant dwellings in the southern and northern regions, and find unique features in them. Create a color composition for the interior space of the hut.
meta-subject UUD:
cognitive UUD:
Master the skill of creative vision from the position of an artist, i.e. the ability to compare, analyze, highlight the main thing, generalize;
Strive to master new knowledge and skills, to achieve higher and more original creative results.
communicative UUD:
Master the ability to conduct a dialogue, distribute functions and roles in the process of performing creative work;
Use information technology tools to solve various educational and creative problems in the process of searching for additional visual material, performing creative projects for individual painting exercises.
regulatory UUD:
Be able to plan and competently carry out educational activities in accordance with the assigned task,
Find solutions to various artistic and creative problems;
Be able to rationally organize independent creative activities,
Be able to organize a place of study.
personal UUD:
Respect the culture of folk art;
Understand the role of culture and art in human life;
Be able to observe and fantasize when creating figurative forms;
Be able to cooperate with comrades in the process of joint activities, correlate your part of the work with the general plan;
Be able to discuss and analyze your own artistic activity and the work of classmates from the standpoint of the creative tasks of a given topic, in terms of content and means of expression
Lesson type: traditional
Equipment and materials:
For the teacher
Presentation “The inner world of a Russian hut” (slides depicting a Russian stove, “red corner”, “stove corner”, household utensils).
Multimedia projector
Computer
For students:
Gouache paints
Watercolor paints
Brushes No. 2,4,6
A3 paper
Pencil
Eraser
Water jar
Napkins
Visual range: teacher’s presentation “The inner world of a Russian hut” (slides depicting a Russian stove, “red corner”, “stove corner”, household utensils).
Literary series: poems, fairy tales.
Music series: folk melodies – lyrical, Russian folk songs.
LESSON PLAN
1.Organizational moment (1 min.)
2.Motivation for learning activities (10 min.)
3.Updating knowledge (10 min.)
4. Physical education minute (3 min.)
5. Updating experience at the stage of consolidating knowledge. (15 minutes.)
6. Lesson summary. Reflection on activity and mood (5 min.)
7.Homework (1 min.)
DURING THE CLASSES
1. Organizational moment(greeting the teacher, checking readiness for the lesson)
2. Motivation for learning activities
Slide 2 The teacher reads poetic lines (a lyrical folk melody sounds quietly)
Here is the hut in front of you
Like a painted tower,
You knock on the gate
And go through the gate.
Teacher. Guys, let's go through the gate. Let's look carefully at the hut and remember what decorative elements a Russian hut consists of.
Children name and show the elements of a Russian hut on a slide, using notes in their workbook.
Teacher. Well done! You learned the material from the last lesson well.
Well, now listen carefully to the poem and formulate the topic and objectives of our lesson today .
The teacher reads a poem against the background of a Russian folk melody.
In a low light with a sash window, a lamp glows in the darkness of the night: The weak light either completely freezes, or showers the walls with trembling light. The new light is neatly tidied up: The window curtain is white in the darkness; The floor is planed smooth; the ceiling is level; The stove collapsed into a corner. Along the walls there are installations with ancient goods, a narrow bench covered with a carpet, a painted hoop with an extendable chair, and a carved bed with a colored canopy.
Children independently formulate the topic, goal, and educational task of the lesson, and suggest their actions.
Teacher. That's right, today we will talk about the inner world of the Russian hut, about the objects that are inside the home of the Russian peasant.
3. Updating knowledge
Teacher. In the previous lesson, we learned how much effort and skill our ancestors put into building their house. But the log house will remain a log house, no matter how richly ornamented it is decorated. It will become home only when it is warmed by the warmth of the hearth.
We go up the porch and go into the house. Guys, during our journey, do not forget to write down new words related to the topic of the lesson in your workbook.
Slide 3. The main part of any peasant house was a room with a stove. It was she who gave the name to the entire building - “hut”. “The peasant is smart, he built a hut on the stove,” says a Russian proverb. Really, bake- the soul of a peasant house. She is a nurse, a water provider, and a body warmer. Without a stove there is no hut. The word “izba” itself comes from the ancient “istba”, “heater”. Initially, the hut was the heated part of the house.
Slide 4. Over time, the Russian stove acquired a lot of convenient devices. For example, pole-shelf in front of the mouth (hole) of the stove, on which the housewife could keep cooked food warm. On a pole, hot coals were raked to the side for the next kindling.
Slide 5. Shallow holes were made in the side wall of the furnace niche-stoves, where they usually dried wet mittens and splinters.
Slide 6. Warm guardianship in winter they kept poultry.
There are many interesting legends and folk customs associated with the stove. It was believed that a brownie lived behind the stove - the keeper of the hearth. During matchmaking, the bride was traditionally hidden behind the stove.
In Russian folk tales, the stove is often mentioned and, as a rule, is integrally associated with the main character. Let's remember these fairy tales.
The guys remember: Emelya - “At the command of the pike”; Ilya Muromets; Kolobok; “Geese-swans”, Baba Yaga in all fairy tales lay on the stove, etc. Slide 7.
Slide 8. The location of the stove determined the layout of the hut. It was usually placed in the corner to the right or left of the entrance. The angle opposite the mouth of the furnace was considered the hostess's workplace. Everything here was adapted for cooking. They stood by the stove poker, grip, broom, wooden shovel. Near - mortar and pestle And hand mill.
Let's figure out together what they served.
Here again, fairy tales will help us, or maybe your trips to your grandmother, where many of these items are still used today.
Slide 9 . Be sure to hang next to the stove towel and washbasin- an earthenware jug with two spouts on the sides. Under it stood a wooden tub for dirty water. On the shelves along the walls there were simple peasant utensils: pots, ladles, cups, bowls, spoons. As a rule, they were made from wood by the owner of the house himself. The peasant dwelling also had a lot of wicker utensils - baskets, baskets, and boxes.
Slide 10. Place of honor in the hut - "red corner"- was located diagonally from the stove. Here there were icons on a special shelf and a lamp was burning. All peasants in the old days were believers. The word “peasant” itself comes from “Christian.” An important guest entering the hut, at the threshold, first of all, found the red corner with his eyes, took off his hat, made the sign of the cross three times and bowed low to the images, and only then greeted the owners. The most dear guests were seated in the red corner, and during the wedding - young people. On ordinary days, the head of the family sat here at the dining table.
Slide 11. The corner opposite the stove, to the left or right of the door, was owner's workplace Houses. There was also a bench where he slept. Underneath, in a box, a tool was stored. Here the peasant was engaged in crafts and minor repairs.
Slide 12. There was little furniture in the hut, and it didn’t differ in variety - a table, benches, benches, chests, dish shelves - that’s probably all. (The wardrobes, chairs, and beds familiar to us appeared in the village only in the 19th century.) The main piece of furniture in the hut was considered dinner table. He stood in the red corner. Every day at a certain hour the whole peasant family gathered to dine at the table. Along the walls stood wide shops. They sat and slept on them. Do you know how they differed from benches? The benches were firmly attached to the walls, and the benches could be freely moved from place to place.
Slide 13. Peasants stored clothes in chests. The greater the wealth in the family, the more chests there are in the hut. They were made of wood and lined with iron strips for strength. Often, ingenious mortise locks were made on locks. If a girl grew up in a peasant family, then from an early age her dowry was collected in a separate chest. After the wedding, she moved with this chest to her husband’s house.
Strengthened under the ceiling shopkeepers with utensils, and at the stove they arranged
wooden floorings – pay, slept on them. During gatherings or
wedding, children climbed in there and looked at everything with curiosity
what is happening in the hut.
Slide 15. A significant place in the hut was occupied by a wooden weaving mill -
Krosno, women weaved on it. Its individual parts were often decorated
round rosettes - signs of the sun, as well as sculptural
images of horses.
Slide 16. For a newborn, an elegant dress was hung from the ceiling cradle
Gently rocking, she lulled the baby to a melodious song
peasant women.
Slide 17. Rainbow homespun rugs stretched across the floor.
They truly resembled a road running along the ground.
Slide 18. In many northern villages, as well as in Siberia, the Urals,
Altai has preserved houses with painted interiors. Sometimes it seems
that the whole world fit into an ancient house: trees and grass, birds and
animals, earthly and heavenly, visible and invisible.
5. Physical education minute
Slide 19, 20
I'm on a rainbow arc Hands up and to the sides.
I can’t look enough. Shaking our heads
left, right.
Bridge from heaven to earth Right hand circular motion
Amazingly beautiful. Left hand circular motion
I'll walk across the bridge Steps in place
Disperse the clouds in the sky. Movement of the arms up, to the sides and down.
I'll find paths to the sun, Steps in place.
I'll play palm games with him. Clap your hands.
And then I'll go again Steps in place.
I'm walking on a rainbow.
6. Updating experience at the stage of consolidating knowledge
1. Independent work. Work in small groups on the details of the composition.
Statement of the artistic task of completing the interior of a Russian hut. Distribution of roles in groups
Teacher. Guys, in today's lesson let's try to recreate a model of the interior of a Russian hut. To do this, we divide into 2 groups of 3 people.
Distribute responsibilities in your group according to the instructions on your desk (Appendix No. 1).
Instructions.
1.In each group you need to define roles:
computer science (selects terms written in a notebook to complete the selected work, prepares a reflection on the lesson results)
artist (responsible distributor of roles for the artistic and expressive design of the work)
speaker (hangs the work on the stand and sums up the artistic stage).
2. To perform such work, you need to work in stages:
introductory (work as a computer scientist)
creative work (work of all participants)
research (selection of suitable terms, signs and symbols for interior decoration)
final (defending your work)
Immersion in the topic.
The interior of the hut includes the following rooms - the red corner, the stove corner. Each group chooses one of the parts of the interior and performs it using any artistic technique. The defense of the work “Russian Izba” is carried out by the speaker, commenting on the color and technical solution.
2. Evaluation and defense of the work “Russian Izba”
The results are posted by the speaker, and the color and technical solution is commented on. Everyone else analyzes the speaker’s work, pointing out errors and paying attention to the accuracy of execution. This is how the assessment works. The teacher himself gives the grades.
6. Lesson summary.
Reflection of activity
Well done boys! Please note what kind of creative work we did. Each group worked on its own task, and together they add to each other and create a complete picture of the inner world of the hut.
Questions for computer scientists:
What household items did the interior of the home consist of?
How is each item decorated?
What sense of taste and proportion is present in the images?
(students listen to computer science, compare their notes with information, supplement, correct).
After all, it couldn’t be otherwise. This is our culture, which reflects the character, morals, customs and traditions of our people.
Reflection of mood
Use clapping to express your mood .
Slide 21 Great, I understood everything, and I was interested
Slide 22 Okay, but I didn’t understand a little, and there were some difficulties
Slide 23 I was not interested in the lesson, I was very tired
7. Homework
Select illustrative material of objects of folk life and labor.