Who wrote with his mind. Who wrote the comedy “Woe from Wit”? Structural analysis of the poem
In a literature lesson, 9th grade schoolchildren are studying the outstanding comedy play in verse “Woe from Wit,” which was conceived by the author in St. Petersburg around 1816 and completed in Tiflis in 1824. And you immediately involuntarily ask yourself: who wrote “Woe from Wit”? This work became the pinnacle of Russian drama and poetry. And thanks to his aphoristic style, almost everything was quoted.
Quite a long time will pass after this play is released without cuts and distortions. This will cause some confusion as to what year “Woe from Wit” was written. But this is not difficult to figure out. It appeared in censored print in 1862, when the author, who had died at the hands of fanatics in Iran, had not been in this world for three decades. The play “Woe from Wit” was written in a year that prepared the ground for freethinkers, just on the eve of the Decembrist uprising. Brave and outspoken, she burst into politics and became a real challenge to society, a rather original literary pamphlet that denounced the existing tsarist regime.
“Woe from Wit”: who wrote it?
Well, let's return to the main issue addressed in the article. Who wrote "Woe from Wit"? The author of the comedy was none other than Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov himself. His play instantly sold out in handwritten form. About 40 thousand copies of the play were copied by hand. It was a huge success. People from high society had no desire to laugh at this comedy.
In the comedy, the author very sharply reveals and ridicules the vices that have afflicted Russian society. “Woe from Wit” was written in the 19th century (in its first quarter), however, the topic touched upon by Griboyedov is also relevant for our modern society, because the heroes described in it still exist safely.
Famusov
It is not by chance that the characters of the comedy are described in such a way that they have become household names over time. For example, what a bright personality - Moscow gentleman Pavel Afanasyevich Famusov! Each of his remarks represents a zealous defense of the “age of submission and fear.” His life depends on the opinions of society and traditions. He teaches young people to learn from their ancestors. In confirmation, he cites the example of his uncle Maxim Petrovich, who “either lived on silver or gold.” Uncle was a nobleman during the time of “Mother Catherine.” When he needed to curry favor, “he bent over backwards.”
The author ridicules the flattery and sycophancy of Famusov (he holds a high post, but often does not even read the papers he signs). Pavel Afanasyevich is a careerist, and serves to receive ranks and money. Griboyedov also hints at his love of brother-in-law and nepotism. He evaluates people by their material well-being. He tells his daughter Sophia that the poor man is not a match for her, and prophesies that Colonel Skalozub will be her suitor, who, according to him, will become a general not today or tomorrow.
Molchalin and Skalozub
The same can be said about Molchalin and Skalozub, who also have the same goals: by any means - a career and position in society. They achieve their goal, as Griboyedov himself said, with “easy” bread, currying favor with their superiors, thanks to sycophancy, they strive for a luxurious and beautiful life. Molchalin is presented as a cynic, devoid of any moral values. Skalozub is a stupid, narcissistic and ignorant hero, an opponent of everything new, who only chases ranks, awards and rich brides.
Chatsky
But in the hero Chatsky, the writer embodied the qualities of a freethinker close to the Decembrists. As a progressive and reasonable person of his era, he has a completely negative attitude towards serfdom, veneration of rank, ignorance and careerism. He opposes the ideals of the past century. Chatsky is an individualist and humanist, he respects freedom of thought, the common man, he serves the cause, not individuals, stands for the progressive ideas of modernity, for respect for language and culture, for education and science. He enters into an argument with the capital's Famus elite. He wants to serve, not be served.
It should be noted that Griboyedov managed to make his work immortal due to the relevance of the topic he touched on. Goncharov wrote very interestingly about this in his article “A Million Torments” in 1872, saying that this play will continue to live its imperishable life, passing through many more eras, and will never lose its vitality. After all, to this day the Famusovs, Skalozubs and Molchalins make our modern Chatskys experience “woe from their minds.”
History of creation
The idea for this work by its author, Griboedov, arose at a time when he had just returned from abroad to St. Petersburg and found himself at an aristocratic reception, where he was outraged by the Russians’ craving for everything foreign. He, like the hero of his work, saw how everyone bowed to one foreigner and was very dissatisfied with what was happening. He expressed his attitude and extremely negative point of view. And while Griboyedov was pouring out his angry monologue, someone announced his possible madness. This is truly woe from the mind! Whoever wrote the comedy experienced something similar himself, which is why the work turned out to be so emotional and passionate.
Censors and Judges
Now the meaning of the play “Woe from Wit” certainly becomes clear. Whoever wrote it really knew very well the environment that he described in his comedy. After all, Griboyedov noticed all situations, portraits and characters at meetings, parties and balls. Subsequently, they were reflected in its famous history.
Griboyedov began reading the first chapters of the play already in 1823 in Moscow. He was repeatedly forced to redo the work at the request of censors. In 1825, again, only excerpts were published in the almanac “Russian Waist”. This play was published completely uncensored only in 1875.
It is also important to note the fact that, having thrown his accusatory comedy play into the face of secular society, Griboedov was never able to achieve any significant changes in the views of the nobles, but he sowed the seeds of enlightenment and reason in aristocratic youth, which later sprang up in the new generation .
One of the most famous patriotic works of the great Russian poet Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, written by him in 1866 and published in 1868, is the poem “Russia cannot be understood with the mind.” The brilliant poetic gift of the great Tyutchev was able to fit into this short quatrain the entire depth of his patriotic feelings and surprisingly subtly notice all its characteristic features. Written on a small piece of paper, it is still kept in the Pushkin House in St. Petersburg as one of the greatest cultural heritages.
The main theme of the poem
The philosophical miniature “You can’t understand Russia with your mind” has the form of a quatrain or one stanza; its rather short content contains a philosophical generalization of Tyutchev’s thoughts about Russia, as a poet and citizen of his Motherland. Various critics, literary scholars and philosophers interpret the meaning of this work in completely different ways.
Some believe that in his lines Tyutchev wanted to show the irrationality and incomprehensibility of the consciousness of the Russian people “you cannot understand Russia with your mind”, to emphasize its special individuality and the originality of its culture. Other researchers have put forward the idea that Tyutchev in this poem creates an image of Russia that exists only because the people sacredly believe in it, and this faith is unshakable and strong. There are even hypotheses about how Russia in the poem is likened to Noah’s Ark, which will be saved during any flood and will remain on its feet in any crash.
Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev, who was not only a poet, but also held a fairly high position in the Russian diplomatic mission in Europe and Asia, more than once emphasized the originality and individuality of the Russian people and their culture. He was always amazed by the mystery and unpredictability of his mentality, those features of the Russian soul that cannot be limited to a pan-European framework or imposed on him by a stereotype of behavior alien to him, which is emphasized by the line “A common arshin cannot be measured.”
Structural analysis of the poem
This miniature is characterized by a two-part composition and a clear division of content. The first two lines affirm an idea that reinforces the idea of a special role for Russia, which cannot be fitted to general standards and understood by ordinary intellect; it simply goes beyond all human capabilities. The lexically significant words “um” and “arshin” are emphasized several times by repeated negative particles “not”. The third line, “She has a special place,” explains the special role of Russia, and the word “become” is used precisely to show the image of the people behind the concept of “Russia,” the Russian people, special in the breadth of their soul, the strength and fortitude of their spirit. The final stanza contains an idea-conclusion; the exclusivity of Russia in this case is emphasized by the emphasizing particle “only”.
In accordance with the form, this work is a monostrophe, written using the poetic meter characteristic of Tyutchev’s work - iambic tetrameter, he gives it sublimity and solemnity. The use of verbs such as “understand”, “believe” and “measure” adds energy and inner movement to the work.
This work by Tyutchev so subtly and soulfully paints us an image of Russia and the Russian people that it expresses not only the whole gamut of patriotic feelings of the famous poet, who loved the Motherland with all his soul and heart, but also carries a deep moral, philosophical and spiritual meaning for future generations throughout its existence Russian state.
In the section on the question: Can't you understand Russia with your mind? Where did this expression come from? given by the author chevron the best answer is You can't understand Russia with your mind,
The general arshin cannot be measured:
She will become special -
You can only believe in Russia.
poem (quatrain) written on November 28, 1866 by the poet Fyodor Tyutchev:
One of the characteristics of the Russian state and the mentality of Russians, emphasizing a certain illogical behavior. An element of the literary image of the “mysterious Russian soul”, which is of a romantic nature, in contrast to the negative one, for example, in Bismarck: “Never fight with the Russians. They will respond to your every military stratagem with unpredictable stupidity.”
The phrase is often used to justify an unexpected, inappropriate, thoughtless, illogical act (for M.N. Zadornov - an act “from the heart”).
Answer from 22 answers[guru]
Hello! Here is a selection of topics with answers to your question: Can’t you understand Russia with your mind? Where did this expression come from?
Answer from Russian[guru]
From Russian literature! Which you don't know...
Answer from Timon[guru]
You can't understand Russia with your mind,
The general arshin cannot be measured.
She's going to be special
You just need to believe in Russia.
Answer from Exo_Kard[active]
You can't understand Russia with your mind
A common arshin cannot be measured
She's going to be special
You can only believe in Russia
(c) Fyodor Tyutchev
You need to know the classics =)
Answer from Yuri shevchouk[guru]
Russia is a special country that does not lend itself to any forecasts, calculations, models or other conclusions; this is confirmed by its history. “You can only believe in Russia” and you also need to love it.
Answer from Vossa[guru]
The great Russian poet Tyutchev wrote poems -
You can’t understand Russia with your mind, you can’t measure it with a common yardstick, it has become something special, you can only believe in Russia!
Philosophical miniatures
In addition to this poem, Tyutchev wrote several other philosophical monostrophic miniatures (“When the last hour of nature strikes”, “Nature is a sphinx”, “We are not allowed to predict”).
Writing and publishing
The poem was written by Tyutchev on a piece of paper. The original is kept in the Pushkin House (RGALI. F. 505. Inventory 1. Item 32. L. 2.), a copy is in Muranov. Dated through a note in Tyutcheva-Birileva’s album, which contains a copy of the poem. First publication in 1868 (Poems by F.I. Tyutchev M., 1868, p. 230).
The autograph contains unusual punctuation: a dash in the first line: “You can’t understand Russia with your mind,” no punctuation at the end of the quatrain, a dash instead of a period in the second line, a comma after “She has” in the third line. When reprinting, sometimes a dash is retained in the first line to emphasize a pause.
Analysis
According to F. B. Tarasov, Tyutchev understood the revolution as “a moral fact of public conscience, exposing the inner mood of the human spirit and the impoverishment of faith in Western Europe.” The anti-Christian roots of the revolution led Tyutchev to the idea of Russia as a “holy ark” that floated above the general “huge collapse.” F. B. Tarasov believes that Russia’s likening to Noah’s Ark is “obvious” here. During the 20th century, the poetry of the poem was questioned; it was reduced to a “slogan for the messianic role of Russia.”
According to A.P. Skovorodnikov and G.A. Kopnina, all of Tyutchev’s work indicates that the poem is about the uniqueness and originality of Russia and its people, but today it is used for propaganda using the tactics of manipulative use of quotes (using the example of the article “Meeting with a piggy”, in which the poem is used to illustrate the thesis that Tyutchev came up with his “paradox” because he was a “foreigner”). The manipulative possibilities of using this quatrain are also emphasized by Alexander Kushner: “There is a special art of plucking a quotation from a poet, like a feather from a bird, and then waving it...”.
Russian mentality
The quatrain has been repeatedly used by philosophers when discussing Russian mentality.
Many authors routinely identify the idea of quatrains with Russian irrationalism (“apology for Russian manic irrationalism”).
Impact on culture
At the end of the 20th century, the first line of the quatrain became a popular quotation, giving rise to both the famous Huberman parody of the 1970s
Who wrote the Bible? Where did she come from?
Priest Afanasy Gumerov, resident of the Sretensky Monastery, answers:
The Bible consists of the sacred books of the Old and New Testaments. These texts were written by inspired writers at the inspiration of the Holy Spirit. They contain Divine revelations about God, the world and our salvation. The authors of biblical texts were holy people - prophets and apostles. Through them, God gradually (as humanity matured spiritually) revealed truths. The greatest of them is about the Savior of the world Jesus Christ. He is the spiritual heart of the Bible. His incarnation, death on the cross for our sins and Resurrection are the main events of all human history. The Old Testament books contain prophecies about this, and the Holy Gospel and other New Testament texts tell about their fulfillment.
The books of the Old Testament as canonical sacred texts were collected into a single corpus in the middle of the 5th century. BC St. righteous men: Ezra, Nehemiah, Malachi and others. The canon of the New Testament holy books was finally determined by the Church in the 4th century.
The Bible is given to all mankind. Reading it must begin with the Gospel, and then turn to the Acts of the Apostles and the Epistles. Only after understanding the New Testament books should one proceed to the Old Testament books. Then the meaning of prophecies, types and symbols will be clear. In order to perceive the Word of God undistorted, it is useful to turn to the interpretations of the holy fathers or researchers based on their heritage.