What morals distinguish the capital's nobility. Onegin and the capital's noble society

IN this novel the author openly and without embellishment shows both sides of the nobility. All of the old school representatives of high society, self-possessed, noble, have a sharp, inquisitive mind. For them there are no bright emotions and vulgarity; if the aristocrat feels contempt or surprise, he does not show it; conversations are conducted on highly spiritual topics.

The local nobility is part of the people who belong to noble family, but do not have proper education, their manners do not radiate sophistication. All actions are hypocritical, aimed at satisfying one’s base needs. Such cream of society often receive training at home.

Accordingly, all sciences have been studied superficially, necessary knowledge not received, therefore the conversations of such nobles are empty, cutesy with excessive arrogance, which they justify by their attitude towards the nobility.

IN this work The local nobility is expressed in the Larin family and their neighbors; Onegin did not go to visit them so as not to constantly hear stories about peasants, about how to pickle mushrooms or feed pigs properly.

Tatyana's mother was from a noble family, when she got married and came to live in the village, at first she resisted circumstances for a long time, wore beautiful clothes, and spoke French. But soon this life broke her, she got used to the society of peasants and began to manage the farm.

An example of the fact that Tatyana also became close to the peasants, she can wash herself with snow, is friends with her nanny, the way of life brings its own adjustments even to the most refined and highly spiritual natures. Onegin, in order to go out for lunch, changes his clothes and puts himself in order, while the Larins can sit at the table in robes, a cap and casual clothes.

Many habits landed nobility, these are relics of the past, but on the other hand, this is the preservation of the traditions of our ancestors. Onegin himself is a representative of the capital's aristocracy, educated, cultured, but spends all his time at restaurant balls. He spends a lot of time in his office, where he takes care of himself, and then reads books. That’s why this monotony made him depressed, he was tired of everything.

He himself is very smart, his mind is comprehensively developed, his views on life are progressive, he understands and perceives everything beautiful in this world. And the rest of the circle of aristocrats is empty, hypocritical, selfish. Their apparent busyness and activity actually produces nothing and brings no benefit. Just an endless waste of time, huge sums of money on balls and entertainment.

Onegin does not find a place for himself in the capital's aristocratic circles; he is bored and uninterested there. At the same time, Tatiana is on her estate, surrounded by either peasants or those who gathered to have dinner with their neighbors on the next day and talk about how the day went.

To get away from this unsatisfying society, Onegin came to the village, Tatyana began to read novels. Tatyana is spiritually developed, she loves nature, she is a well-mannered, intelligent and subtle person. Soon this heroine will become a real society lady with the necessary level of education. At the same time, she is simple and sincere, these best features Russian character, the author gave to our heroine.

It’s just that the nobles living in the outback are ill-mannered, have the habits of peasants, but have retained the customs of their ancestors. As a result, in each of these societies there is something positive and negative; these are two inseparable parts of society.

Essay Capital and local nobility

One of the main storylines The novel is a description of the Russian nobility. The work “Eugene Onegin” describes in detail the life and morals of society. When you read, you feel like you are back in that time. Secular and village life A.S. Pushkin described it from his own experience. The author's attitude towards different layers society, he ridicules secular society, and writes with sympathy about the local nobility

The capital's nobility is expressed in Onegin's daily routine - the morning begins in the afternoon, a short walk to the restaurant, after lunch a trip to the theater, and at night the main celebration is a ball. And in the morning, when working Petersburg wakes up, the nobles are leaving the ball. The metropolitan nobility can be described as fussy, idle, and their main feature is boredom. In their life there are only balls, gossip, everyone is afraid of the opinions of others. They are all chasing fashion, so that the outfit is better than the other. People from high society selfish and indifferent, they are artificial, everyone smiles sweetly in public, but gossips evilly behind their backs. Knowledge and feelings are superficial; in such a society someone like Tatyana Larina could never grow up. In this society, life is filled with constant balls, card games, and intrigue. Years go by, people grow old, but their lives do not change

The provincial nobility is a tribute to antiquity; patriarchy rules here and family values. In the village, life is slow, everything goes on as usual, nothing changes significantly. People are ignorant and not very smart, the main topics of conversation are haymaking and kennels, if something extraordinary happens, it will be discussed for a very long time. Gossip here seems to be at home, since they are all like big family and everyone knows everything about each other. There is not much entertainment in the village - hunting or visiting; the main celebration is considered to be a ball, at which ancient traditions. Pushkin clearly depicts the characters of the landowners through surnames (Skotinins, Buyanov, Petushkov)

The provincial nobility is a caricature of the metropolitan nobility. To show your upbringing in high society, it was enough to know the French language perfectly, be able to dance and have the manners of a socialite. It is in metropolitan society that people become hypocrites and hide their feelings. Pushkin, describing different strata of society, gives his preference to landowners living in the village, who have still preserved folk traditions and life principles.

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This means that he must be bold, courageous, sympathetic, caring, etc. Such people can immediately be distinguished from the crowd; they are somehow different from other people and attract people to themselves.

Times change, and we change with them.

R. Owen

In the 20s years XIX century, after Patriotic War In 1812, an ideological stratification occurred in Russian society between people with progressive views and those who still remained in the last century. It was time to rise national identity, increasing dissatisfaction with the autocracy.

The novel "Eugene Onegin" reflects all aspects of Russian life early XIX century, so the novel can be called “an encyclopedia of Russian life.” Against the backdrop of changes in the life of Russia, Pushkin draws life and customs different groups nobility.

In the 20s best part The Russian nobility opposed serfdom and absolute monarchy. L.S. Pushkin depicted in his novel Russian society beginning of the 19th century.

Provincial society is also embodied in the novel. Thus, Russia XIX century is depicted in the novel by A.S. Pushkin “Eugene Onegin” using the example of representatives of provincial and metropolitan society.

Pictures of the life of the capital and local nobility are organically included in Pushkin’s realistic depiction various sides era. It's about about a person’s relationship with his era and his society. A.S. Using the example of the main character, Pushkin reveals the lifestyle of the “golden noble youth.”

Onegin, tired of the noise of the ball, returns late and wakes up only “after noon.” The poet describes in detail the main character’s pastime, his office, more like a ladies’ boudoir:

Perfume in cut crystal;

Combs, steel files,

Straight scissors, curved

And brushes of thirty kinds

For both nails and teeth.

Evgeny's life is monotonous and colorful: balls, theaters, restaurants and more balls. Such a life could not satisfy the intelligent, thinking man, therefore, one can understand why Onegin was disappointed in the surrounding society; he was overcome by the “blues.”

Evgeny Onegin is a “superfluous” person, “smart uselessness.” He has progressive views, broad mental interests, the ability to perceive beauty.

Elite The people in the novel are selfish, indifferent, and devoid of high thoughts. Their life is artificial and empty. Knowledge and feelings here are shallow. People spend time inactive in the midst of external hustle and bustle. Pushkin describes such a society in more detail:

And know, and fashion samples,

Faces you meet everywhere

Necessary fools...

This is the highest light. It is not difficult to understand why Onegin, a man of progressive views, gets tired of this society. He becomes bored, he is cold towards everything, his soul is empty; he becomes indifferent.

So life goes on in the Larins’ house without change. Everyone is doing their usual household chores. In the evenings they sometimes throw balls or simply invite guests. Life in the village passes slowly, without changes, so there is nothing special to talk about. And if any news appears, they will talk about it for a very long time. It's the same thing at balls. Conversations do not go beyond such topics as haymaking, wine, and kennels. It is no coincidence that Pushkin represents the local nobles as monsters in Tatyana’s dreams. They have become so impoverished in intelligence that they are little different from animals.

Guests at Tatiana's name day are the clearest example landowner breed. The author reveals their essence in the surnames: Skotinins, Buyanov. Tatyana is just as bored in the circle of this provincial society as Evgeny is in the circle of the capital. She is fond of novels in which she imagines her future chosen one.

She liked novels early on;

They replaced everything for her;

She fell in love with deceptions

And Richardson and Russo.

She sees her betrothed in her dreams. Reading is her favorite pastime, which distinguishes her from Olga, who since childhood loved to play and frolic in the yard with the children. She is more talkative and sociable than Tatyana. Olga - bright image simple and cutesy provincial young ladies. Native nature nourishes spiritual world Tatiana, she likes to “warn the dawn of the sunrise.”

At the beginning of the novel, Tatyana is a young provincial noblewoman, at the end of the work we see her as a magnificent society lady. But from the first to the last pages, Pushkin in this image reveals the best features of the Russian character: moral purity, integrity, poetry, simplicity.

I would like to say that in order to show off one’s upbringing, in order to be known in Russian society as an intelligent and sweet person, one had to have little: excellent knowledge French, the manners of a socialite, the ability to dance, “bow casually” and “with the learned air of an expert // Remain silent in an important dispute.” It is in high society that a person truly learns to “slanderly slander”, to hide his true feelings and thoughts, and to be a hypocrite. Everything here is false, there is no sincerity, there are scoffers and egoists all around who consider “everyone as zeros, // And themselves as ones.” In this society, life is filled with endless balls and dinners, card game, intrigues. Years pass, people grow old, but no change is visible in them...

The capital and local nobility in A. S. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin”

Sample essay text

In the novel "Eugene Onegin" Pushkin with remarkable completeness unfolded the pictures of Russian life in the first quarter of the XIX century. Before the reader’s eyes, an arrogant, luxurious St. Petersburg, ancient Moscow, dear to the heart of every Russian person, cozy country estates, and nature, beautiful in its variability, pass in a living, moving panorama. Against this background, Pushkin’s heroes love, suffer, are disappointed, and die. Both the environment that gave birth to them and the atmosphere in which their lives take place are deeply and completely reflected in the novel.

In the first chapter of the novel, introducing the reader to his hero, Pushkin describes in detail his ordinary day, filled to the limit with visits to restaurants, theaters and balls. The life of other young St. Petersburg aristocrats was also “monotonous and motley”, all of whose worries consisted of searching for new, not yet boring entertainment. The desire for change forces Evgeny to leave for the village, then, after the murder of Lensky, he goes on a journey, from which he returns to familiar surroundings St. Petersburg salons. Here he meets Tatiana, who has become an “indifferent princess,” the mistress of an elegant drawing room where the highest nobility of St. Petersburg gathers.

Here you can meet pro-Lassians, “who have earned fame for the baseness of their souls,” and “over-starched impudents,” and “ballroom dictators,” and elderly ladies “in caps and roses, seemingly evil,” and “maidens with unsmiling faces.” These are typical regulars of St. Petersburg salons, where arrogance, stiffness, coldness and boredom reign. These people live by strict rules decent hypocrisy, playing some role. Their faces, like their living feelings, are hidden by an impassive mask. This gives rise to emptiness of thoughts, coldness of hearts, envy, gossip, and anger. That’s why such bitterness can be heard in Tatyana’s words addressed to Evgeniy:

And to me, Onegin, this pomp,

Life's hateful tinsel,

My successes are in a whirlwind of light,

My fashionable house and evenings,

What's in them? Now I'm glad to give it away

All this rags of a masquerade,

All this shine, and noise, and fumes

For a shelf of books, for a wild garden,

For our poor home...

The same idleness, emptiness and monotony fill the Moscow salons where the Larins visit. Pushkin paints a collective portrait of the Moscow nobility with bright satirical colors:

But there is no change in them,

Everything about them is the same as the old model:

At Aunt Princess Elena's

Still the same tulle cap;

Everything is whitewashed Lukerya Lvovna,

Lyubov Petrovna lies all the same,

Ivan Petrovich is just as stupid

Semyon Petrovich is also stingy...

In this description, attention is drawn to the persistent repetition of small household parts, their immutability. And this creates a feeling of stagnation of life, which has stopped in its development. Naturally, there are empty, meaningless conversations here, which Tatyana cannot understand with her sensitive soul.

Tatyana wants to listen

In conversations, in general conversation;

But everyone in the living room is occupied

Such incoherent, vulgar nonsense,

Everything about them is so pale and indifferent;

They slander even boringly...

In the noisy Moscow world, the tone is set by “smart dandies”, “holiday hussars”, “archival youths”, and self-satisfied cousins. In a whirlwind of music and dance, a vain life rushes by, devoid of any internal content.

They kept life peaceful

Habits of a dear old man;

At their Shrovetide

There were Russian pancakes;

Twice a year they fasted,

Loved Russian swings

Podblyudny songs, round dance...

The author's sympathy is aroused by the simplicity and naturalness of their behavior, closeness to folk customs, cordiality and hospitality. But Pushkin does not at all idealize the patriarchal world of village landowners. On the contrary, it is precisely for this circle that the defining feature becomes the terrifying primitiveness of interests, which manifests itself in ordinary topics of conversation, in activities, and in an absolutely empty and aimlessly lived life. How, for example, is Tatyana’s late father remembered? Only because he was a simple and kind fellow,” “he ate and drank in his dressing gown,” and “died an hour before dinner.” The life of Uncle Onegin passes similarly in the wilderness of the village, who “for forty years scolded the housekeeper, looked out the window and crushed flies ". Pushkin contrasts these good-natured lazy people with Tatyana's energetic and economical mother. A few stanzas contain her entire spiritual biography, which consists of a rather rapid degeneration of a cutesy, sentimental young lady into a real sovereign landowner, whose portrait we see in the novel.

She went to work

Salted mushrooms for the winter,

She kept expenses, shaved her foreheads,

I went to the bathhouse on Saturdays,

She beat the maids in anger -

All this without asking my husband.

With his portly wife

Fat Pustyakov arrived;

Gvozdin, an excellent owner,

Owner of poor men...

These heroes are so primitive that they do not require a detailed description, which may even consist of one surname. The interests of these people are limited to eating food and talking “about wine, about the kennel, about their relatives.” Why does Tatyana strive from luxurious St. Petersburg to this meager, wretched little world? Probably because he is familiar to her, here she can not hide her feelings, not play the role of a magnificent secular princess. Here you can immerse yourself in the familiar world of books and wonderful rural nature. But Tatyana remains in the light, perfectly seeing its emptiness. Onegin is also unable to break with society without accepting it. The unfortunate fates of the novel's heroes are the result of their conflict with both the capital and provincial society, which, however, generates in their souls submission to the opinion of the world, thanks to which friends fight in duels, and loving friend friend people break up.

This means wide and full image plays all groups of nobility in the novel important role in motivating the actions of the heroes, their destinies, introduces the reader to the circle of current social and moral problems 20s of the XIX century.

In this article we bring to your attention an essay on the nobility as Pushkin shows it in the novel “Eugene Onegin”.

Nobility (High Society) in the novel "Eugene Onegin".

A.S. Pushkin in his novel “Eugene Onegin” depicted the life of the Russian nobility in the twenties of the 19th century. According to V. G. Belinsky, “ he decided to introduce us inner life this class ».

The author of the novel pays special attention to the St. Petersburg nobility, a typical representative of which is Eugene Onegin. The poet describes in every detail the day of his hero, and Onegin’s day is a typical day of a metropolitan nobleman. Thus, Pushkin recreates a picture of the life of the entire St. Petersburg secular society.

Pushkin speaks about St. Petersburg high society with a fair amount of irony and without much sympathy, because life in the capital is “monotonous and colorful,” and the “noise of the world” gets boring very quickly.

The local, provincial nobility is represented very widely in the novel. This is Onegin’s uncle, the Larin family, guests at Tatyana’s name day, Zaretsky.

Prominent representatives of the provincial nobility gather at Tatiana’s name day: Grozdin, “ excellent owner, owner of poor men "; Petushkov, " district dandy "; Flyanov, " heavy gossip, old rogue ". If Pushkin introduces real people into the story about the capital’s nobility historical figures, for example, Kaverina, then in in this case the author uses the names of famous literary characters: The Skotinins are the heroes of Fonvizin’s “The Minor,” Buyanov is the hero of V.L.’s “Dangerous Neighbor.” Pushkin. The author also uses speaking names. For example, Triquet means " beaten with a stick " - a hint that he cannot be accepted in high society, but in the provinces he is a welcome guest.

The world of the landed nobility is far from perfect, because in it spiritual interests and needs are not decisive, just as their conversations are not distinguished by intelligence:

Their conversation is sensible

About haymaking, about wine,

About the kennel, about my family.

However, Pushkin writes about him with more sympathy than about St. Petersburg. IN provincial nobility naturalness and spontaneity are preserved as properties of human nature.

A good family of neighbors,

Unceremonious friends.

The local nobles were quite close to the people in terms of their attitude and way of life. This is manifested in the attitude towards nature and religion, in the observance of traditions. Pushkin pays less attention to the Moscow nobility than to the St. Petersburg nobility. Several years have passed since Pushkin wrote the 1st chapter of his novel, and A.S. Griboyedov finished the comedy “Woe from Wit,” but Pushkin adds Griboyedov’s lines to the epigraph of the seventh chapter, thereby emphasizing that little has changed in Moscow since then. The second capital has always been patriarchal. So, for example, Tatiana is met at her aunt’s by a gray-haired Kalmyk, and the fashion for Kalmyks was at the end of the 18th century.

The Moscow nobility is a collective image, in contrast to the St. Petersburg nobility, where Eugene Onegin is the main character. Pushkin, speaking about Moscow, seems to populate it with heroes Griboyedov's comedy, which have not changed over time:

But there is no change in them,

Everything about them is the same as the old model...

A real historical figure also appears in Moscow society:

Vyazemsky somehow sat down with her (Tatyana) ...

But in Moscow there is still the same bustle, “ noise, laughter, running, bowing ", which leave both Tatyana and the author indifferent

Pushkin managed to give in “Eugene Onegin” a detailed picture of the life of the noble class, and at the same time, according to Belinsky, the entire society “in the form in which it was in the era he chose, that is, in the twenties of the current 19th century.”

Here is an essay characterizing high society in the novel “Eugene Onegin”.

Onegin and the capital noble society. One day in the life of Onegin.

Lesson objectives:

1. deepen students’ understanding of the novel and the era depicted in it;

2. determine how Pushkin relates to the nobility;

3. improve analysis skills literary text;

4. develop oral speech, the ability to highlight the main thing, compare;

Interdisciplinary connections: history, art.

During the classes

Organizational moment

2.Repetition of previously studied material.

Before we start working on the topic of the lesson, let's divide into 2 groups. The correct answer to the quick survey is the ticket for students to attend the lesson.

Find out which of the characters the author’s words belong to: Onegin or Lensky?

“Having lived without a goal, without work until the age of 26...”

“He was a dear ignoramus at heart...”

“It’s stupid for me to interfere with his momentary bliss...”

“He brought the fruits of learning from foggy Germany...”

“In love, being considered a disabled person...”

“A fan of Kant and a poet...

“In short, the Russian melancholy took possession of him little by little...”

“And shoulder-length black curls...”

“But he was sick of hard work...”

"He shared her fun..."

3. Preparation for understanding the topic of the lesson

Teacher's word:

Yes, the great Russian critic V.G. It was no coincidence that Belinsky called the novel A.S. Pushkin’s “Eugene Onegin” as “an encyclopedia of Russian life.” Based on the novel, you can judge the era, study the life of Russia in the 10-20s of the 19th century. So, the topic of our lesson: “The nobility in A. Pushkin’s novel “Eugene Onegin.”

Student message “History of the noble class”

Images of nobles occupy a central place in the novel Eugene Onegin. Our main characters are representatives of the nobility. Pushkin truthfully depicts the environment in which the heroes live.

3. Work on the topic of the lesson (analysis of the novel)

Teacher's word:

Pushkin described one day of Onegin, but in it he was able to summarize the entire life of the St. Petersburg nobility. Of course, such a life could not satisfy an intelligent, thinking person. We understand why Onegin was disappointed in the surrounding society, in life.

So, St. Petersburg life is hasty, bright and colorful, eventful.

At the balls, dramas of passions, intrigues were played out, deals were made, careers were arranged.

Class assignment.

1. How are Onegin’s uncle and Tatiana’s father represented? What character traits does Pushkin highlight?

(good-natured lazy people, rural playmakers;

characterized by poverty of spiritual interests; Larin was

“a good fellow”, he did not read books, he entrusted the housekeeping to his wife. Onegin's uncle "quarelled with the housekeeper, crushed flies")

Tell the life story of Praskovya Larina.

How are the heroes different from Onegin?

4.The teacher's word.

The subtopic of our lesson is “One day in the life of Onegin.”

Let's set ourselves the following goals:

We must read Chapter I expressively and comment on it;

Determine the place of the chapter in the composition of the novel;

We will work on the image of Eugene Onegin, we will observe the life of the noble intelligentsia;

We will work thoughtfully and collectedly; in order to be able to draw up a plan in a notebook by the end of the lesson and answer questionsproblematic question:

“But was my Eugene happy?”

(Episode from the life of the hero: Onegin goes to the village to visit his dying uncle)

What is striking about the nature of the language in the first lines of the novel?

(unusual simplicity of the narration, “conversational tone”, ease of narration, one feels good joke, irony).

4.- As we work with the text, we will composemental map :

Onegin Day

Walking along the boulevards (waking breget)

Ball (noise, din)

Lunch at the restaurant (foreign cuisine)

Visit to the theater Return (double lorgnette)

5. Work in groups (The class is divided into 3 groups, each receives a task to search for information in the text)

Aimless walks along the boulevards .
The boulevard in the 19th century was located on Nevsky Prospekt. Before

14.00 – this was the place for people to take their morning walk

Vetsky society.

Lunch at the restaurant.
The description of the lunch emphasizes the list of dishes entirely

non-Russian cuisine. Pushkin makes fun of the French

names-predilections for everything foreign

Conclusion: These verses reflect typical aspects of life

St. Petersburg secular youth.

3.Visit to the theater.

Who remembers what Pushkin preferred in

period of St. Petersburg life? (theater regular, connoisseur

and a connoisseur of acting).

What does the poet say about theater and actors? (gives

characteristics of the theatrical repertoire)

How does the ballet glorify Pushkin?(living pictures appear in the reader’s imagination. The theater was located on Theater Square, on the site of the current Conservatory. The performance is at 17.00).

How does Onegin behave in the theater?(looks around casually, bows to the men, points his double lorgnette at unfamiliar ladies).

Conclusion: For the first time in the lines about Onegin his weariness with life, his dissatisfaction with it are mentioned).
VII. Commented reading beyond Chapter I.

1. Returning home.
- Shall we read the description of Onegin’s office?

What kind of things do you find here? (amber, bronze, porcelain, perfume in cut crystal, combs, files, etc.)

Like listing dishes in a restaurant, Pushkin recreates the atmosphere of life young man Petersburg light.
2. Onegin is going to the ball.

When does Onegin return home? (“Already... awakened by the drum,” these are the 6:00 morning wake-up signals for soldiers in the barracks)
- The work day begins big city. And the day of Eugene Onegin has just come to an end.

- “And tomorrow again, like yesterday”... This stanza summarizes a number of past paintings, indicating that the past day was Onegin’s ordinary day.
- The author asks the question: “But was my Eugene happy?”

And what happens to Onegin? (blues, dissatisfaction with life,

boredom, monotony disappoints).

What did the hero try to do with himself? (began to read, tried to take up the pen,

but this increased disappointment and caused skepticism about everything)

Who is to blame that Onegin has become like this, he can’t do anything, he’s not busy with anything?

VIII. Lesson summary .
- What did we learn about the hero from Chapter I? (We learned about the origin, upbringing, education and lifestyle of the hero).
- We found out what environment surrounds him and shapes his views and tastes. Not only is it depicted separate hero, A typical character era, this is the realism of the novel.
- The nature of Chapter I allows us to say that we have before us the exposition (introduction) of the novel. There will obviously be events ahead, life clashes, and in them the hero’s personality will be revealed more fully and on a larger scale.

IX. Homework.

1. Expressive reading of Chapter II.

2. Make bookmarks in the text: the life of the Larins, the portrait of Olga, the image of Lensky.