List of books that can be placed at the exhibition of oral folk art. Ukrainian tale “Pig and falcon”
LIST OF CHILDREN'S LITERATURE FOR HOME READING.
2nd CLASS
Section 1. Oral folk art.
"Sister Alyonushka and brother Ivanushka"
"Ivan Tsarevich and the Grey Wolf"
"Sivka - burka"
Section 2. “There, on unknown paths.”
P. Ershov “The Little Humpbacked Horse”
A.S. Pushkin “The Tale of the Fisherman and the Fish”
Ch. Perrault “Puss in Boots”, “Little Red Riding Hood”, “Riquet with a Tuft”
D.N. Mamin – Siberian “Alyonushka’s Tales”, “The Tale of the Brave Hare - Long ears, Squinty Eyes, Short Tail"
Section 3. “Fairy-tale men”
T. Jansson "The Wizard's Hat"
A. Milne "Winnie the Pooh"
A. Tolstoy “The Adventures of Pinocchio”
J. Rodari “The Adventures of Cipollino”
A. Lindgren “Baby and Carlson, who lives on the roof”
Brothers Grimm " The Bremen Town Musicians", "The Frog Prince, or Henry the Iron Heart"
G.H. Andersen "The Ugly Duckling"
Section 4. “Poetry notebook”
F.I. Tyutchev “I love a thunderstorm in early May”, “Leaves”
A.A. Fet “Mom! Look from the window”, “I came to you with greetings”, “The rye is ripening over the hot field”
A.K. Tolstoy “Where the vines bend over the pool”, “The singing of the lark is louder”, “The last snow in the field is melting”
A.N. Maikov “Spring”, “Lullaby”, “Summer Rain”
A.S. Pushkin “The sky was already breathing in autumn”, “That year the autumn weather”, “Beyond spring, the beauty of nature”, “Neater than fashionable parquet”, “ Winter morning", "Winter evening"
M.Yu. Lermontov “Cliff”, “Mountain Peaks”, “Two Giants”, “Autumn”
I. Nikitin “Enough, my steppe, sleep soundly”, “Morning”, “Meeting of winter”
A. Pleshcheev “Spring”, “My kindergarten”
I. Surikov “Childhood”, “Winter”
N.A. Nekrasov “Before the rain”, “ Glorious Autumn", "It is not the wind that rages over the forest"
K. Balmont “Autumn”, “From Bird to Bird”, “Golden Word”
I. Bunin “Childhood”, “On a Country Road”, “Wild Flowers”
D. Kharms “Poems”
Section 5. “About our little brothers”
M. Prishvin “Guys and Ducklings”
In Bianchi “Musician”, “Arishka is a coward”, “Owl”, “Mouse Peak”
E. Charushin “Cat Epifan”
N. Sladkov “There is a time for everything”, “Forest ABC”
B. Zhitkov " Brave Duckling", "About the monkey"
I.S. Sokolov – Mikitov “Leaf Faller”
K. Paustovsky “The Disheveled Sparrow”
Section 6 “The Most Ordinary Miracle”
A. de Saint-Exupéry “The Little Prince”
Section 7 “Russian writers for children”
M. Prishvin “My Motherland”
V.I.Dal “Girl Snow Maiden”
L.N. Tolstoy “Kitten” “Filippok”, “ old grandfather and granddaughters”, “Father and sons”, “Liar”, “How a boy talked about how a thunderstorm caught him in the forest”, “Shark”, “Jump”, “Lion and dog”, “What kind of dew happens on the grass”
K.I. Chukovsky “About Grandfather”, “Confusion”, “Joy”, “Fedorino’s grief”
A.P. Gaidar “Conscience”, “Chuk and Gek”
M. Zoshchenko “Golden words”, “Great travelers”
N. Nosov " Living hat", "On the hill", "Patch", "Phone"
V. Oseeva " Magic word"", "Sons", "Blue Leaves", "Why?", "Three Comrades", "Good"
N.M. Artyukhova “Coward”
Yu.Ya.Yakovlev “Mother”
V. Dragunsky “The secret always becomes apparent”
M. Gorky “The Case of Yevseyka”
V.P. Kataev “Pipe and Jug”
S.Ya. Marshak “12 months”
A long time ago, and no one knows when exactly, fairy tales began to be told. Every nation has its own fairy tales, every nation loves, remembers and cherishes its fairy tales. Those collected in this book were invented by the Chukchi and Eskimos. The Chukchi and Eskimos live in the tundra, in the Far North of our country, on the Chukotka Peninsula, near the cold seas. In ancient times, in those distant lands, people lived and dressed in a special way. Not at all the way we are used to. And not the way they live there now. The Eskimos were engaged in sea hunting and fishing. And the Chukchi also grazed deer. The housing was yarangas - buildings similar to large huts. Yarangas were covered with walrus or deer skins. A settlement of several yarangas was called a camp. The yarangas were easily disassembled and assembled. In a few hours you can install a yaranga. This was very convenient: after all, people had to move - wander - either in search of better pastures for deer, or to good places for hunting or fishing. The Chukchi and Eskimos made all their clothes from fur. Fur pants, fur shirt with fur inside. On top of it is a fur coat with the fur facing out - a kukhlyanka. Fur boots - torso. Fur hat. True, the hat was worn only in the most severe frosts, during a snowstorm or on the road. And usually, even in winter, they walked with their heads open. Among the Chukchi and Eskimo tales there are a lot of tales about animals. Some of their heroes - birds and animals - are not familiar to us from Russian fairy tales. Here are the Arctic fox, the European ground squirrel, and the mountain sheep. There are also birds here: eiders, guillemots, buntings. These are all the inhabitants of the north. Of course, in fairy tales, birds and animals are not ordinary animals, but fabulous ones. They talk, they live and act like the people who invented these fairy tales. At first, fairy tales were only told. Then they were recorded. And they retold it for the children. Drawings for fairy tales were made by the People's Artist of the RSFSR, laureate State Prize RSFSR Evgeny Mikhailovich Rachev. Read fairy tales, and you will learn about the raven Kurkyl, Nuteneut the fox, about the fleet-footed deer, brown bear cowardly, about a brave hare. About their tricks. About their wisdom. Comp. Gribova L.I.
The book includes tales of the peoples of the Far North, Siberia and Far East living in the territory from the eastern to the western borders of our country. Fairy tales draw bright pictures life and everyday life of hunters, fishermen and reindeer herders, introduce them to their ideas and customs. At the end of the book there is a glossary that explains words whose meaning may not be clear to young readers.
Scattered around individual publications, even the works of the writer included in the primers are collected together for the first time. The daughter of the publisher M.V. Sabashnikov, she was associated with literary environment and began writing in the 20s. 50 years of creativity are presented in a two-volume book.
Abstract: Kazakh folk tales. In the collection " Wonderful garden"presented fairy tales Kazakh people. Some tales tell about love for the Motherland (“Wonderful Garden”), others about a high and noble sense of honor (“Adak”, “Sons of Nurzhan”), others glorify intelligence and ingenuity (“Wonderful Name”, “Wanderer Brothers” , “A Bought Dream”, “Three Friends”) and castigate stupidity (“The Donkey Singer”). The book also contains funny tales imbued with humor and a smile. The author generously uses folk sayings: proverbs, sayings. The tales were collected and retold by Evgeniy Malyuga. The book is aimed at wide circle readers. The collection is equipped with a dictionary, which gives the meanings of some words and expressions.
The collection includes tales created by the Albanian people over many centuries, distinguished by great artistic originality and expressiveness, rich in action, which puts them on a par with the legends and fairy tales of the southern Slavs and other Balkan peoples...
In this book for family reading collected best works Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, which for more than a century has been loved by both preschool children and demanding teenagers. The main characters of the stories are children, “troubled”, “dexterous”, and therefore close to modern boys and girls. The book teaches love - for man and for everything that surrounds him: nature, animals, native land. She is kind and bright, like all the works of a brilliant writer. Artists Nadezhda Lukina, Irina and Alexander Chukavin.
This book introduces magical world pre-Slavic mythological universe - its magic, gods, spirits, wealth folk rituals. Based on research, ethnographic work, observations, and reconnaissance, the author-compiler systematized a huge amount of material so that the result was a majestic picture of the worldview of a distant Slavic ancestor.
A real collection of fairy tales and legends American writers The series of books “Fairy Tales and Legends” opens foreign writers" The collection includes works by Joel Harris, his funny and instructive Tales of Uncle Remus; Michael Gorham with his tales and fables about pioneers and conquerors of the Wild West; Upton Sinclair with his tale of gnomes; Robert McCloskey with the funny adventures of Homer Price and Jack Schaefer with his legend of the Indian Bear.
Grandmother's tales about other people's countries Translator: Evgenia Mikhailovna Chistyakova-Ver For modern reader this book - unique opportunity meet loved ones fairy-tale characters our great-grandparents. Most of the fairy tales and legends included in the collection have not been republished in our country since late XIX century. Almost a century of oblivion gives fairy tales a special charm and uniqueness. The book includes Arabic, English, German, Spanish, Caucasian, Belgian, Italian, Icelandic, Egyptian, Turkish, Chinese, Finnish, Hungarian, Indian, Swedish and other fairy tales. In each country, fairy tales take their own form, their own coloring. Most of European fairy tales originating from ancient india, and therefore we find almost identical fairy tales among many peoples. The Swedes, Italians, Russians and English, for example, have tales about fools; Almost every nation has a story about young people, a boy and a girl, escaping from captivity, who, with the help of abandoned things, escape from their pursuers: a comb or spindle turns into dense forest, a towel in the river and so on. Among the most dissimilar peoples in character one can find fairy tales of almost the same content - But what a difference there is in the characters, in the descriptions, in the small details - these are what give the fairy tales charm and beauty. This collection includes fairy tales by writers different nationalities(for example, Kipling, Gustafson. Kavan, Halden, Duhuy), folk legends And oriental tales V artistic treatment European writers (Turkish and Spanish fairy tales by the famous Edouard Laboulaye, Arabic tales by Ms. Barbier). Contents The Liar Princess (Swedish fairy tale)__ The Coal Man (Dutch fairy tale)__ The hunt of the python Kaa (from the book "The Jungle" by R. Kipling)__ The merchant and the deceivers (Turkish fairy tale)__ The Gray Man (Icelandic fairy tale)__ Birds of Countess Morales (Spanish fairy tale)__ Don Miakka (Spanish fairy tale)__ Mac (Indian fairy tale)__ Matchmaking (Swedish folk tale)__ Al Bagum (Arabian fairy tale)__ Moonbeam (Belgian fairy tale)__ How Jack went to seek his fortune (English folk tale)__ Inheritance ( Swedish fairy tale)__ Ghost Priest (Spanish tale)__ Alchemist's Daughter (Italian tale)__ Pink Bird (French tale)__ Pasha the Shepherd (Turkish tale)__ Heart of Stone (German tale)__ Horse of the Knight of Rabogany (Hungarian tale)__ Unknown paradise (Swedish fairy tale)__ The stupid peasant and the clever bird (German fairy tale)__ Juan Arrada (Spanish fairy tale)__ The king's brave son (Turkish fairy tale)__ Little Pasha (Egyptian fairy tale)__ The golden-haired girl (Italian fairy tale)__ In search of happiness ( Swedish fairy tale)__ Dogs (French fairy tale)__ Talismans (Turkish fairy tale)__ Queen of the Snakes (German fairy tale)__ Golden Lily (Chinese fairy tale)__ Magic ship (French fairy tale)__ Nodendal legend (Finnish fairy tale)__ Prince Bul-Bul (Italian fairy tale) fairy tale)__ Nis the Good Fellow (Swedish fairy tale)__ Batty the Bat (Bridget and Julia Cavan)__ Golden Bee and the White Rabbit (Bridget and Julia Cavan)__ Sea Boys (Margaret Vandergriff)__ Jack and the Golden Snuffbox (Joseph Jacobs)__ The Witch of Tevis (English folk tale)__ What Happened to Prince Clap-Silk (Eliza Scott)__ Knight Roland (Joseph Jacobs)__ Boy Red Hood in Fairyland (Bridget and Julia Cavan)__
Widespread publication of Burmese narrative folklore. Accompanied by a preface and notes. The collection is intended for an adult reader. Translation from Burmese. Compiled by V. B. Kasevich and Yu. M. Osipov. Notes by V. B. Kasevich. Preface by D. V. Deopik. - M., Main editorial office of oriental literature of the publishing house "Nauka", 1976. - 592 p. (“Fairy tales and myths of the peoples of the East”).
A fairy tale is an ancient creation. From it you can judge how people lived in the old days, what they believed in, how they looked at things. Almost every fairy tale talks about tsars, princes, kings, queens, tsar-maidens and other “high-ranking persons” of the old, obsolete world...
Folklore
All the centuries-old experience of the people in old times passed down from generation to generation orally. It is this folk art, which is usually poetic in nature, that we call folklore.
Folklore traditions arose in various parts of the world before the advent of writing. But with the emergence of literature they do not disappear; they develop further. Even in modern society continue to be created folklore works.
Features of folklore
Oral creativity, regardless of the environment of the people in which it appeared, has some common characteristic features. Among them can be called anonymity - folklore works do not have an author, they were formed and honed among the people over the lives of many generations. In this regard, we can talk about the collective nature of folklore.
The same work can have many variants that differ significantly from each other. Another feature of folk art is that for quite a long period it existed exclusively in orally, even in the presence of writing. Scientists and researchers folklore as cultural phenomenon I became interested relatively recently. In this regard, many works of oral creativity began to be recorded.
It is worth noting that folklore is a folk, national phenomenon. It was formed on the basis of the common cultural, spiritual and everyday closeness of the people inhabiting a certain territory. In this regard, the established tradition reflects national character, value guidelines a certain people, his worldview.
Genres of folk art
Folklore is extremely diverse in its form and content. He has a large number of genres:
- lullabies;
- songs;
- ballads;
- legends;
- thoughts and others.
Development of folklore
The first beginnings of oral folk art appeared in primitive society. Ancient man cared not only about his daily bread. He wanted to understand the world around him. Over the centuries, experience and observations of natural elements have accumulated. The beliefs, dreams, aspirations of the people over time developed into an oral tradition, their own art.
In more late period appeared in folklore historical events, certain archetypes emerge, folk images, elements of national worldview and worldview. In the images of folklore we see the ideals that the people strived for, their understanding of good and bad.
Inca flood legend
The people who lived on earth became very evil and greedy. They constantly fought and forgot about the gods. And they were punished for it.
In the high Andes there lived two shepherd brothers. They were not evil and honored the gods. One day they noticed strange behavior of the llamas - the animals stopped eating and constantly looked at the stars. The brothers asked what was the matter and the lama answered them that a great flood was coming soon, which would destroy all living things.
The shepherds, along with their families and herds, went to the highest mountain peaks and hid there in caves. And then the rain began, which lasted for many months. The water was approaching the entrance to the cave, but the mountains were getting higher.
Finally the rain stopped. The sun god Inti appeared in the sky and smiled, after which all the water evaporated. The brothers left the cave and descended into the valleys, where they revived humanity.
Ukrainian tale “Pig and falcon”
In autumn, a pig wandered into the forest. There she found a lot of acorns and began to eat them. She ate too much and fell asleep under the oak tree. Waking up, out of boredom, she began to dig the ground near the tree and spoil its roots. A falcon sitting on a tree saw this.
The bird told the pig to stop because it might cause the oak tree to wither. The pig said that she did not care, because she only needed acorns. And the falcon reproached her for her stupidity and said that without a tree there would be no fruit. Then the pig realized that he was wrong and left the forest in shame.
You can read a lot of folklore from all over our planet online on our website.
Who should wash the potty?
The husband and wife were so lazy that it was impossible to say: the door in the hallway had not been bolted in the evening.
- Lock it in the evening and open it in the morning - it’s just a hassle! - they used to say.
One day my wife cooked porridge and flavored it with butter. They ate the porridge, and the hostess said:
- I cooked porridge, and you, man, need to wash the pot!
“It’s complete nonsense to talk,” the husband replies, “is it a man’s job to wash pots?” You can wash it yourself.
“I won’t think so,” said the wife.
“And I won’t,” the man resists.
- If you don’t, then let the pot stand unwashed for at least a century!
The pot stood unwashed until the evening. The man says again:
- Baba, baba! The pot needs to be washed.
The wife rose like a whirlwind:
“She said it’s your business, so you’re mine!”
- Well, that's it! Let it be not your way, not my way. Let’s agree this way: whoever says the first word tomorrow gets to wash the pot.
- Okay, go to bed - the morning is wiser than the evening.
We went to bed. The woman is on the bench, the man is on the stove.
In the morning, neither one nor the other gets up, each lies in his place, does not move, is silent.
The neighbors milked the cows long ago, and the shepherd stole the herd. Neighbors talk to each other:
- Why is Malanya late today? I didn’t drive out the cow. Has something happened to them? We should check it out!
While they were judging and dressing like this, one neighbor walked towards them. She knocked on the window once, twice, no one responded. She goes into the yard and into the hut, fortunately the door is not bolted.
She entered and saw: the hostess was lying on the bench.
- Why are you lying there?
And Malanya lies there, rummaging around the hut with her eyes, but doesn’t move and doesn’t give an answer...
The neighbor looked at the stove, and there the owner was lying, his eyes were open, but he did not move his arm or leg and was silent.
The neighbor was alarmed:
-What is going on here?!
- Oh, I feel sick! Oh, good people! What is this going on here!
And she began to tell her neighbors:
- One is on the bench, and the other is lying on the stove, moving their teeth, but they themselves do not move and do not give a voice!
The women came running to Malanya's hut. They look first at Malanya, then at the owner:
- What's wrong with you? Maybe send for the fershal or the priest?
The owners are silent, as if they had filled their mouths with water, they look with all their eyes, but do not move and do not give a voice.
The neighbors talked and gossiped among themselves, but it’s not like hanging around in someone else’s hut, each has their own business. They began to disperse. And one said:
- Babonki! It's no good leaving them alone. Someone needs to stay with them, keep watch until the tenth and the foreman arrive. Apparently, they, poor people, are no longer residents in this world!
She said this, and the women all went to the door and out of the hut.
- Oh, my dough is going to run out! - one screams.
- And my small children haven’t been fed yet! – the other one caught herself.
- At least make me rich, I won’t be left alone with them - I’m afraid to be alone, ladies!
“Okay, if that’s the case, there’s nothing to do, I’ll sit with them,” said the crooked little girl. “They were good people, although lazy.” Go and hurry up the tenth. And for that, at least don’t be sorry to give me Malanyin’s caftan, women. She can’t sew it up anymore...
– Don’t covet someone else’s property! – Malanya cried and jumped up from the bench. - It wasn’t done by you, and it’s not for you to wear my caftan!
At that very moment the husband quietly lowered his feet from the stove and said:
- Well, Malanya, you were the first to speak, you should wash the pot!
The neighbors were dumbfounded, and when they came to their senses, they spat and left the hut.
Immense oral folk art. It has been created for centuries, there are many varieties of it. Translated from in English"folklore" is " national significance, wisdom." That is, oral folk art - everything that is created by the spiritual culture of the population over the centuries historical life his.
Features of Russian folklore
If you carefully read the works of Russian folklore, you will notice that it actually reflects a lot: the play of the imagination of the people, the history of the country, laughter, and serious thoughts about human life. Listening to the songs and tales of their ancestors, people thought about many difficult questions their family, social and work life, they thought about how to fight for happiness, improve their lives, what a person should be, what should be ridiculed and condemned.
Varieties of folklore
Varieties of folklore include fairy tales, epics, songs, proverbs, riddles, calendar refrains, magnification, sayings - everything that was repeated passed from generation to generation. At the same time, the performers often introduced something of their own into the text they liked, changing individual details, images, expressions, imperceptibly improving and honing the work.
Oral folk art for the most part exists in a poetic (verse) form, since it was this that made it possible to memorize and pass on these works from mouth to mouth for centuries.
Songs
A song is a special verbal and musical genre. It is a small lyrical-narrative or lyrical work, which was created specifically for singing. Their types are as follows: lyrical, dance, ritual, historical. Expressed in folk songs the feelings of one person, but at the same time of many people. They reflected love experiences, social and family life, reflections on a difficult fate. In folk songs, the so-called technique of parallelism is often used, when the mood of a given lyrical character is transferred to nature.
Historical songs are dedicated to various famous personalities and events: the conquest of Siberia by Ermak, the uprising of Stepan Razin, the peasant war led by Emelyan Pugachev, the battle of Poltava with the Swedes, etc. The narration in historical folk songs about some events is combined with the emotional sound of these works.
Epics
The term "epic" was introduced by I.P. Sakharov in the 19th century. It represents oral folk art in the form of a song of a heroic, epic nature. The epic arose in the 9th century; it was an expression of the historical consciousness of the people of our country. Bogatyrs are the main characters of this type of folklore. They embody the people's ideal of courage, strength, and patriotism. Examples of heroes who were depicted in works of oral folk art: Dobrynya Nikitich, Ilya Muromets, Mikula Selyaninovich, Alyosha Popovich, as well as the merchant Sadko, the giant Svyatogor, Vasily Buslaev and others. Life basis, at the same time enriched with some fantastic fiction, constitutes the plot of these works. In them, heroes single-handedly defeat entire hordes of enemies, fight monsters, overcome instantly huge distances. This oral folk art is very interesting.
Fairy tales
Epics must be distinguished from fairy tales. These works of oral folk art are based on invented events. Fairy tales can be magical (in which fantastic forces are involved), as well as everyday ones, where people are depicted - soldiers, peasants, kings, workers, princesses and princes - in everyday settings. This type of folklore differs from other works in its optimistic plot: in it, good always triumphs over evil, and the latter either suffers defeat or is ridiculed.
Legends
We continue to describe the genres of oral folk art. A legend, unlike a fairy tale, is a folk oral story. Its basis is an incredible event, a fantastic image, a miracle, which is perceived by the listener or storyteller as reliable. There are legends about the origin of peoples, countries, seas, about the sufferings and exploits of fictional or real-life heroes.
Puzzles
Oral folk art is represented by many riddles. They are an allegorical image of a certain object, usually based on a metaphorical rapprochement with it. The riddles are very small in volume and have a certain rhythmic structure, often emphasized by the presence of rhyme. They are created in order to develop intelligence and ingenuity. The riddles are varied in content and theme. There may be several versions of them about the same phenomenon, animal, object, each of which characterizes it from a certain aspect.
Proverbs and sayings
Genres of oral folk art also include sayings and proverbs. A proverb is a rhythmically organized, short, figurative saying, an aphoristic folk saying. It usually has a two-part structure, which is supported by rhyme, rhythm, alliteration and assonance.
A proverb is a figurative expression that evaluates some phenomenon of life. It, unlike a proverb, is not a whole sentence, but only a part of a statement included in oral folk art.
Proverbs, sayings and riddles are included in the so-called small genres of folklore. What is it? In addition to the above types, these include other oral folk art. The types of small genres are complemented by the following: lullabies, pesters, nursery rhymes, jokes, game choruses, chants, sentences, riddles. Let's take a closer look at each of them.
Lullabies
Small genres of oral folk art include lullabies. People call them bikes. This name comes from the verb "bait" ("bayat") - "to speak." This word has the following ancient meaning: "to speak, to whisper." It is no coincidence that lullabies received this name: the oldest of them are directly related to spell poetry. Struggling with sleep, for example, the peasants said: “Dreamushka, get away from me.”
Pestushki and nursery rhymes
Russian oral folk art is also represented by pestushki and nursery rhymes. At their center is the image of a growing child. The name “pestushki” comes from the word “to nurture”, that is, “to follow someone, raise, nurse, carry in one’s arms, educate.” They are short sentences with which in the first months of a baby’s life they comment on his movements.
Imperceptibly, the pestles turn into nursery rhymes - songs that accompany the baby's games with his toes and hands. This oral folk art is very diverse. Examples of nursery rhymes: “Magpie”, “Ladushki”. They often already contain a “lesson”, an instruction. For example, in “Soroka” the white-sided woman fed everyone porridge, except for one lazy person, although he was the smallest one (his little finger corresponds to him).
Jokes
In the first years of children's lives, nannies and mothers sang songs of more complex content to them, not related to play. All of them can be designated by the single term “jokes”. In content they resemble small tales in verse. For example, about a cockerel - a golden comb, flying to the Kulikovo field for oats; about the rowan hen, which “winnowed peas” and “sowed millet.”
A joke, as a rule, gives a picture of some bright event, or it depicts some rapid action that corresponds to the active nature of the baby. They are characterized by a plot, but the child is not capable of long-term attention, so they are limited to only one episode.
Sentences, calls
We continue to consider oral folk art. Its types are complemented by slogans and sentences. Children on the street very early learn from their peers a variety of calls, which represent an appeal to birds, rain, rainbows, and the sun. Children, on occasion, shout out words in chorus. In addition to the nicknames, in peasant family every child knew the sentences. They are most often pronounced one by one. Sentences - appeal to a mouse, small bugs, a snail. This may be imitation of various bird voices. Verbal sentences and song calls are filled with faith in the powers of water, sky, earth (sometimes beneficial, sometimes destructive). Their utterance introduced adult peasant children to the work and life. Sentences and calls are combined into a special department called “calendar” children's folklore"This term emphasizes the existing connection between them and the time of year, holiday, weather, the whole way of life and the way of life of the village.
Game sentences and refrains
Genres of oral folk art include playful sentences and refrains. They are no less ancient than calls and sentences. They either connect parts of a game or start it. They can also serve as endings and determine the consequences that exist when conditions are violated.
Games are strikingly similar to serious games peasant occupations: harvesting, hunting, sowing flax. Reproducing these cases in strict sequence with the help of multiple repetitions made it possible to instill with early years child respect for customs and the existing order, teach socially accepted rules of behavior. The names of the games - "Bear in the Forest", "Wolf and Geese", "Kite", "Wolf and Sheep" - speak of a connection with the life and way of life of the rural population.
Conclusion
IN folk epics, fairy tales, legends, songs live no less exciting colorful images than in works of art classical authors. Original and surprisingly accurate rhymes and sounds, bizarre, beautiful poetic rhythms - like lace are woven into the texts of ditties, nursery rhymes, jokes, riddles. And what vivid poetic comparisons can we find in lyrical songs! All this could only be created by the people - Great master words.
Lyubov Ozerova
A child's world is impossible without fairy tales. Our ancestors knew about this simple truth, so for almost all occasions people made up fairy tales. Each a fairy tale teaches something, helps to understand different situations. When working with children, you need to pay attention special place V pedagogical activity Russian folk tale . In my work I not only I tell stories, but also I'm composing myself and suggest doing this to my children, which gives them great pleasure. This is how the idea arose to create the book “Our fairy tales are good - we write them from the heart. First fairy tale, which was the basis of the book was "The Long-Eared Hare". There were many options. The children came up with fairy tale, traditionally using a beginning, plot and ending. Unobtrusively, so as not to offend the child, I corrected the content and gradually was born fairy tale, subsequent fairy tales were even more interesting. The children got the taste writing and tried to outdo each other with different ideas. We write not only fairy tales, but also stories. In them we reflect our impressions of holidays, excursions, and farewell stories It is impossible to read our graduates without tears. The guys conveyed through them all their love for kindergarten and your group. And, of course, our parents help make the illustrations, which makes the book just come to life. In our book there are such fairy tales like:
1. Hare - long ears.
2. The Tale of the Beautiful Helen.
3. We will talk about the generous Maslenitsa tale.
4. We are going to visit autumn.
5. Goodbye kindergarten.
6. Looking for Santa Claus.
Fairy tales we love and enjoy reading them, we tell and write. One of ours fairy tales we present to your attention.
In a certain kingdom-state, Elena the Beautiful lived. She was very beautiful and wore a pink dress with red roses. Her eyes are blue, and her cheeks are like apples.
One day she was walking in the garden and met an old woman there who offered her to eat an apple. This old woman was an evil witch. When the princess ate the apple, she died immediately
The magpie saw all this. She started scream: "Trouble, trouble! Our beloved princess has died."
Forest animals came running to help. They started talking tender words, but nothing helped her.
Soon the fairy tale takes its toll, but it won’t be done soon.
Suddenly the tramp of a horse was heard. CSC. You can hear in the silence, this is the handsome prince riding on a horse.
The prince got off his horse, walked up to the princess, bent down and kissed her.
And then a miracle happened. The princess opened her eyes and said: “Oh, how long I slept!” Thank you dear prince for waking me up.
And they got married!
And they lived without grieving, they lived to be 100 years old!