Population of the Russian Federation by nationality. Peoples of Russia

1. Features of the national composition of Russia………………………………………2

2. Short story settlement of Russia…………………………………………………………….5

3. Distribution of nations and nationalities by regions of Russia…………………….…..…7

4. Problems associated with the development of nationalism that exist at the present stage in Russia…………………………………………………………………….…….……..14

5. List of references………………………………………………………………19

Features of the national composition of Russia

One of the main indicators characterizing the population is the total number and trends in its change.

The Russian population in our country is still the largest (about 116 million people) and accounts for almost 80% of the total population. Compared to 1989, its share in the entire population of the country decreased by 1.7 percentage points. This happened mainly due to natural loss, amounting to almost 8 million people, which could not be compensated by the slightly more than three million migration increase of Russians.

The second largest population in the country is occupied by the Tatars, whose number is 5.56 million people (almost 4% of the country's population), the third place is occupied, oddly enough, by the Ukrainians, their number is approximately 2.9 million people.

Due to emigration and natural decline, the number of Jews (from 0.54 million people to 0.23 million people) and Germans (from 0.84 million people to 0.60 million people) decreased during the intercensal period.

Mainly due to migration growth, the number of Armenians (from 0.53 million people to 1.13 million people), Azerbaijanis (from 0.34 million people to 0.62 million people), Tajiks (from 0.34 million people) increased significantly 04 million people to 0.12 million people), Chinese (from 5 thousand people to 35 thousand people).

For the first time since the 1926 population census, the number of people who classified themselves as Kryashens was obtained (about 25 thousand people). Also, for the first time since the 1897 census, the number of people who called themselves Cossacks (about 140 thousand people) and a number of small peoples of Dagestan was obtained.

The number of citizens of the Russian Federation amounted to 142.4 million people (98% of all residents of the country), 1.0 million people have citizenship of other states and 0.4 million people are stateless persons. Of the total number of citizens of the Russian Federation, 44 thousand people have dual citizenship. Approximately 1.3 million people did not indicate their nationality.

National composition fully characterizes the ethnic structure of the population.

By linguistic affiliation, the peoples of Russia belong to four language families: Indo-European (89%) - Slavic, Germanic, Romance groups; Altai (6.8%) – Turkic, Mongolian groups; Caucasian (2.4%) - Abkhaz-Adyghe, Nakh-Dagestan groups; Ural (1.8%) – Finno-Ugric, Samoyed groups. Some small peoples (Kets, Nivkhs) do not belong to any of the existing language families and stand out as isolated. Fast pace urbanization, migration processes and the growth of interethnic marriages contributed to assimilation and integration processes.

The original Russian regions in Russia are territories stretching from the European North, North-West to the central regions of Russia. The Russian population also predominates in the regions of the Urals, southern Siberia and the Far East. Russia as a whole is characterized by a diversity of national composition in many regions.

In the Russian Federation, 32 subjects of the Federation are distinguished on a national basis (21 republics, 10 autonomous okrugs and 1 Autonomous region). The total area of 32 national entities makes up 53% of the territory of Russia.

All national entities have a complex population composition. However, the share of the titular nation is in some cases relatively small. Only in 9 subjects of the Federation the share of the titular nation exceeds 50%, for example, in Ingushetia - 74.5, in Kabardino-Balkaria -57.6%, in North Ossetia-Alania -53.0%, etc. The lowest share of the titular nation is in Khanty -Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – 1.6%.

Processes of ethnicity have become widespread in the Russian Federation.
assimilation. The objects of assimilation are small ethnic groups, peoples living in strong territorial mixing with other peoples, as well as national groups (often consisting of representatives of fairly large and well-consolidated ethnic groups living separately), which are characterized by dispersed settlement. Interethnic marriages are an important channel of the assimilation process in Russia, but “extra-family” assimilation also takes place.

From the small peoples of Russia in the 20th century. The Turkic-speaking Soyots were assimilated and merged with the Buryat people. The Yugas, close to the Kets, disappeared among the surrounding Russian population; the process of assimilation (linguistic and then ethnic) partially affected many other small peoples of Siberia and the Far East. Assimilation also included representatives of many ethnic
communities, mainly concentrated outside of Russia, and within it
itself - dispersedly settled. True, the speed of development of assimilation processes varies among different national groups living in Russia. Representatives of two eastern countries close to them in language and culture are the fastest to merge with Russians. Slavic peoples- Belarusians and Ukrainians. In 1989, 63% of Belarusians and 57% of Ukrainians living in our country considered Russian their native language.
Those living in the Russian Federation undergo fairly rapid assimilation
representatives of other Slavic peoples: Poles, Bulgarians, Czechs,
Serbs. All these ethnic groups live dispersedly in Russia, which facilitates the process of their assimilation. Representatives of other non-indigenous ethnic groups in Russia are assimilating
Russians to a much weaker extent. So, the Germans, despite
long-term residence in our country, and a high proportion of people who have transferred
into Russian (58%), quite staunchly retain their ethnic
self-awareness. The process of assimilation of Koreans is proceeding even more slowly, which
is hampered by the pronounced cultural specificity of this ethnic
community, as well as its anthropological isolation. Although Koreans have been living in Russia for a long time and the majority of them (63%) consider Russian their native language, they, like the Germans, maintain their ethnic identity well and show high intra-ethnic solidarity.

Representatives of Turkic-speaking ethnic groups living in Russia, who make up the main population of several republics of the former USSR, also show ethnic resilience ( Kazakhs, Azerbaijanis, Uzbeks), which is facilitated by their significant cultural specificity. The vast majority of representatives of these peoples retain their national language.

A Brief History of the Settlement of Russia

The history of settlement and development of land, differences in the types of population reproduction, the vastness of the territory and the diversity of natural conditions have led to a very uneven distribution of the population of Russia. The European part (about 30% of the area) is home to 78.5% of the population, and the Asian part is 21.5%. In addition, in the zone of continuous settlement, or the “main zone of settlement” (the European part of Russia without the European North, the south of Siberia and the Far East), which occupies only 1/3 of the territory, 93% of the population is concentrated.

The average population density in Russia is 8.5 people. per 1 km 2, it is four times less than the world average. At the same time, population density ranges from less than one person per 1 m 2 in some areas of the Eastern macroregion to 354 people per 1 km 2 in the Moscow region.

The main settlement zone is very different from the rest of the country, which belongs to the Northern zone. The first has historically been economically developed due to the favorable natural and climatic conditions and the advantages of its geographical location; located here big number large cities and where the majority of the population is concentrated. The Northern zone is a territory developed relatively recently (“newly developed”), with focal settlement; only about 7% of the population lives there.

Historical migrations of the Russian population to Siberia, the Urals, the North, and the Far East began in the 16th and 17th centuries. in connection with the development of new lands. The flow of immigrants to the eastern regions of Russia especially increased at the end of the 19th and 20th centuries. in connection with the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway. Historical migrations were about forced relocations of peoples: in 1937, Koreans were resettled from the Primorsky Territory to Central Asia; in the 30s, Germans, Kalmyks, Chechens, Ingush, Crimean Tatars to the eastern regions, to Siberia, Kazakhstan, Central Asia. In the pre-war years, organized resettlement to the Urals, Siberia and the Far East, where mineral deposits were developed and factories were built. In the 50s there was a massive development of huge tracts of land in Kazakhstan and Western Siberia. Due to the collapse of the USSR and the aggravation interethnic relations in a number of republics of the new abroad, the re-emigration of the Russian-speaking population from the republics has increased Central Asia and Transcaucasia.

The most numerous and constant migrations of the population in Russia in the 20th century. there were internal migrations of people from rural areas to cities, from small towns to large ones.

Currently, internal migrations account for 80% of the migration turnover of the Russian population. The determining direction of internal migration is the Center, the Volga region and the South of the country, which as a result has led to a significant reduction in the population of the regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East.

In 23 regions of the Federation, the population has increased over the past period. The greatest growth was observed in the Republic of Dagestan - by 43%, Moscow - 17%, Krasnodar Territory - by 11%, Belgorod and Kaliningrad regions - 10% each. The increase in population occurred due to natural growth and the influx of migrants.

In economic geography and regional studies, the main issues in the study of population are the causes, patterns and features of the spatial and functional behavior of the population depending on trends in changes in the external environment.

IN modern world Russia is the largest country, occupying a vast area - more than seventeen thousand square kilometers. Two continents divide it into parts - European and Asian. Each of them is larger in territory than many not-so-small states of the Earth.

In terms of population, however, our country is only in ninth place. The number of Russians today does not reach one hundred and fifty million people. The problem is that most of The territory of the country lies under deserted steppes and taiga, for example, these are the most remote regions of Siberia.

However, this is compensated by the number of peoples living here. This was predetermined by the past. Historically, Russia is a multinational state, which it became by absorbing neighboring peoples, attracting strangers with large territories and wealth. According to official data, almost two hundred peoples now live in the Russian state, differing sharply in numbers: from Russians (more than one hundred and ten million people) to Kerek (less than ten representatives).

How many of us are there?

How many peoples live in Russia? How to find out? Leading sources useful information Statistical censuses regularly conducted in recent years serve as information about the population of our country. At the same time, according to modern techniques and according to democratic approaches, data on the nationality of Russian residents by origin is not noted in documents, which is why digital material for the census appeared on the basis of self-determination of Russians.

In total, in recent years, a little more than 80% of the country’s citizens declared themselves Russian by nationality, leaving only 19.1% as representatives of other nations. Almost six million census participants were unable to identify their nationality at all or defined it as a fantastic people (elves, for example).

Summing up the final calculations, it should be noted that the total number of peoples of the country who do not consider themselves Russian population did not exceed twenty-five million citizens.

This suggests that the ethnic composition of the Russian population is very complex and requires constant special attention. On the other hand, there is one large ethnic group, serving as a kind of core of the entire system.

Ethnic composition

The basis of the national composition of Russia is, of course, Russians. This people has its historical roots from Eastern Slavs who lived on the territory of Rus' since ancient times. A significant part of Russians exist, of course, in Russia, but there are large layers in a number of former Soviet republics and in the USA. This is the most significant European ethnic group. Today there are more than one hundred thirty-three million Russians living in the world.

Russians are the titular people of our country; their representatives dominate in a significant number of regions of modern Russian state. Of course, this led to side effects. The spread of this nation over several centuries over a vast territory in the course of historical development led to the formation of dialects, as well as separate ethnic groups. For example, on the coast of the White Sea live the Pomors, who form a subethnic group of local Karelians and Russians who arrived in the past.

Among the more complex ethnic associations, groups of peoples can be noted. The largest group of peoples are the Slavs, mainly from the eastern subgroup.

In total, representatives of nine large language families live in Russia, differing greatly in language, culture, and way of life. With the exception of the Indo-European family, they are mainly of Asian origin.

This is the approximate ethnic composition of the Russian population today according to official data. What can be said definitely is that our country is distinguished by a significant diversity of nationalities.

The largest nations of Russia

The nationalities living in Russia are quite clearly divided into numerous and small. The first ones, in particular, include:

The Russian inhabitants of the country number (according to the latest census) more than one hundred and ten million people.
Tatars of several groups, reaching 5.4 million people.
Ukrainians number two million. Main part Ukrainian people lives on the territory of Ukraine; in Russia, representatives of this people appeared in the course of historical development in the pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern periods.
Bashkirs, another nomadic people in the past. Their number is 1.6 million people.
Chuvash, residents of the Volga region - 1.4 million.
Chechens, one of the peoples of the Caucasus, - 1.4 million, etc.

There are other peoples of similar numbers who played an important role in the past and, possibly, the future of the country.

Small nations of Russia

How many small nations live on the territory of Russia? There are many such ethnic groups in the country, but they are poorly represented in the total population because they are very few in number. To these national groups belong to the peoples of the Finno-Ugric, Samoyed, Turkic, Sino-Tibetan groups. Particularly small are the Kereks (a tiny people - only four people), the Vod people (sixty-four people), the Enets (two hundred and seventy-seven), the Ults (almost three hundred people), the Chulyms (a little more than three and a half hundred), the Aleuts (almost half a thousand) , Negidals (just over five hundred), Orochi (almost six hundred). For all of them, the problem of survival is a pressing and everyday issue.

Map of the peoples of Russia

In addition to the strong dispersion in the size of the national composition of Russia and the inability of many ethnic groups in modern times to maintain their numbers independently, there is also the problem of distribution within the country. The population of Russia is distributed very heterogeneously, which is caused primarily by economic incentives both in the historical past and in the present.

The bulk is in the area between Baltic St. Petersburg, Siberian Krasnoyarsk, Black Sea Novorossiysk and the Far Eastern Primorsky Territory, where all the big cities lie. The reasons for this are the good climate and favorable economic background. To the north of this territory there is permafrost caused by eternal cold, and to the south there are vast expanses of lifeless desert.

In terms of population density, one of the last places in the modern world received Siberia. Its vast territory is home to less than 30 million inhabitants. This represents only 20% of the country's total population. While in its vast area Siberia reaches three-quarters of the expanses of Russia. The most densely populated areas are the directions Derbent - Sochi and Ufa - Moscow.

In the Far East, a significant population density runs along the entire length of the Trans-Siberian Highway. Increased standards of population density are also observed in the Kuznechny region coal basin. All these areas attract Russians with their economic and natural wealth.

The country's largest peoples: Russians, and to a lesser extent Tatars and Ukrainians, are mainly located in the southwest of the state. Ukrainians today are mostly located on the territory of the Chukotka Peninsula and in the Khanty-Mansiysk Okrug, in the distant Magadan region.

Other small peoples of the Slavic ethnic group, such as the Poles and Bulgarians, do not create large compact groups and are scattered throughout the country. The Polish population is found in a fairly compact group only in the Omsk region.

Tatars

The number of Tatars living in Russia, as noted above, exceeded the level of three percent of the total Russian population. About a third of them live compactly in the region of the Russian Federation called the Republic of Tatarstan. Group settlements exist in the Volga regions, in the far north, etc.

A significant part of the Tatars are supporters of Sunni Islam. Certain groups of Tatars have differences in language, culture and way of life. Mutual language is within Turkic group Altai languages language family, it has three dialects: Mishar (western), the more widespread Kazan (middle), and the slightly distant Siberian-Tatar (eastern). In Tatarstan, this language appears as an official one.

Ukrainians

One of the many East Slavic peoples is the Ukrainians. More than forty million Ukrainians live in their historical homeland. In addition, significant diasporas exist not only in Russia, but also in the countries of Europe and America.

Ukrainians living in Russia, including labor migrants, number about five million people. A significant number of them are located in cities. Particularly large groups of this ethnic group are located in the capital, in oil- and gas-bearing regions of Siberia, the Far North, etc.

Belarusians

IN modern Russia Belarusians, taking into account their total number in the world, constitute a large number. As the 2010 census of the Russian population shows, there are a little more than half a million Belarusians living in Russia. A significant proportion of white people are located in the capitals, as well as in a number of regions, for example in Karelia and the Kaliningrad region.

In the pre-revolutionary years, a large number of Belarusians moved to Siberia and the Far East, and later national administrative units existed there. By the end of the eighties, there were more than one million Belarusians on the territory of the RSFSR. Nowadays, their number has been halved, but it is obvious that the Belarusian stratum in Russia will be preserved.

Armenians

There are quite a lot of Armenians living in Russia, although different sources, their number differs. Thus, according to the 2010 census, there were slightly more than one million people in Russia, that is, less than one percent of the total population. According to the assumptions of Armenian public organizations, the number of the Armenian stratum in the country at the beginning of the twentieth century exceeded two and a half million people. And Russian President V.V. Putin, speaking about the number of Armenians in Russia, voiced the figure of three million people.

In any case, Armenians play a serious role in social and cultural life Russia. Thus, Armenians work in the Russian government (Chilingarov, Bagdasarov, etc.), in show business (I. Allegrova, V. Dobrynin, etc.), and in other fields of activity. There are regional organizations of the Union of Armenians of Russia in sixty-three regions of Russia.

Germans

The Germans living in Russia are representatives of an ethnic group that has experienced a contradictory and in some ways even tragic history. Migrating en masse in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries at the invitation of the Russian government, they mainly settled in the Volga region, western and southern provinces Russian Empire. Life on good lands was free, but in the twentieth century historical events hit the Germans hard. First the First World War, then the Great Patriotic War led to mass repressions. In the fifties and eighties of the last century, the history of this ethnic group was hushed up. It is not for nothing that the mass migration of Germans began in the nineties, the number of which, according to some sources, barely exceeds half a million.

True, in recent years, episodic re-evacuations from Europe to Russia have begun, but so far they have not reached large proportions.

Jews

It is difficult to say how many Jews currently live in Russia due to their active migration both to Israel and back to the Russian state. In the historical past there were many Jews in our country - in Soviet era several million. But with the collapse of the USSR and significant migration on historical homeland their number has decreased. Now, according to public Jewish organizations, there are approximately one million Jews in Russia, half of them are residents of the capital.

Yakuts

They are a fairly numerous Turkic-speaking people, an indigenous population of the region adapted to local conditions.

How many Yakuts are there in Russia? According to the 2010 All-Russian Census of the Domestic Population, there were slightly less than half a million people, mainly in Yakutia and surrounding regions. The Yakuts are the largest (about half the population) people and the most significant of the indigenous peoples of Russian Siberia.

In the traditional economy and material culture of this people there are many close similarities with the pastoralists of southern Asia. On the territory of the Middle Lena, a version of the Yakut economy was formed, combining nomadic cattle breeding and the most important extensive types of fisheries (meat and fish production), similar to the local one. In the north of the region there is also a distinctive form of harness reindeer herding.

Reasons for resettlement

The history of the ethnic composition of the population of Russia in the course of its development is extremely ambiguous. The accelerated settlement of the Russian state by Ukrainians occurred back in the Middle Ages. In the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, on instructions from government agencies, settlers from the southern lands headed east to develop new territories. After some time, representatives of social classes from different regions began to be sent there.

Representatives of the intelligentsia voluntarily moved to St. Petersburg in an era when this city had the status of the capital of the state. Nowadays, Ukrainians make up the largest number of people in Russia ethnic group after, of course, the Russians.

At the other pole are representatives of small nations. The Kereks, who have the smallest numbers, are in particular danger. According to the latest census, there are only four representatives left, although fifty years ago there were only one hundred Kerek people. The leading languages for these people are Chukchi and common Russian; their native Kerek is found only in the form of an ordinary passive language. The Kereks, in terms of their level of culture and ordinary daily activities, are very close to the Chukchi people, which is why they were in constant assimilation with them.

Problems and future

The ethnic composition of the Russian population will undoubtedly develop in the future. IN modern conditions The revival of ethnographic traditions and the culture of peoples is clearly visible. However, the development of ethnic groups experiences a number of problems:

poor fertility and gradual decline of most peoples;
globalization, and at the same time the influence of the culture and life of large nations (Russian and Anglo-Saxon);
general economic problems that undermine the economic base of peoples, and so on.

Much in such a situation depends on the national governments themselves, including the Russian one, and on global opinion.

But I want to believe that the small peoples of Russia will further develop and grow in size in the coming centuries.

As a child, my mother and I learned Barto’s poem. The same thing where it was said about the twenty-five braids of an Uzbek woman. A Yakut boy was also mentioned there - and it immediately became clear that there were many peoples in the USSR. And I wondered: What peoples live in modern Russia and how many are there?

How many peoples live in Russia

Even after reading the most important law of our country - the Constitution, you can come across the phrase that The Russian Federation is a multinational country. But the exact number of peoples is, of course, not indicated.

We can only learn it from the All-Russian Census. According to the latest data obtained in 2010, About 190 peoples live in the country.

However, it is worth considering that this number may not be 100% accurate - after all, 7% of the population did not take part in this survey, which means there may be even more of them.

What peoples live in Russia

It would be too stupid to list such a large list here - it would take a long time to write it, and even more so to read it. But I will list the most numerous nations our country:

Traditions of the peoples of Russia

Each nation has its own traditions, its own characteristics, which have been formed over many years.

Does everyone remember the Buranovsky babushki who conquered Eurovision? They are representatives Udmurt people. Unusual costumes of performers with beautiful embroidery are traditional for the Udmurts.

U Archintsev, residing on the territory of Dagestan, there is a funny one new year tradition. Instead of beads, balls and tinsel they wrap the Christmas tree in sheep's coats. And instead of round dances, they dance lezginka around the tree.

There are very few Khanty and Mansi tribes left. Their culture is very close connected with nature. According to these nationalities, a person should not thoughtlessly take away wealth from nature; he should treat it with respect and care.

Honestly, this is something that each of us could learn from.

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I have a very beautiful friend with dark skin, shimmering with copper, with thick black hair resting on her shoulders, and hazel-brown eyes that you can look into for an infinitely long time. Her father is Uzbek, and her mother is Russian. There are millions of people living in Russia who consider themselves to be different nations. Every day representatives various peoples In our country we coexist peacefully and develop prosperously.

The peoples inhabiting our vast country

Russia is a multinational country, its history is closely intertwined with the history of the peoples inhabiting it, it is a place of unification of hundreds of millions of people with different colors skin, body structure, eye color. Tatars coexist with Russians, Maris with Udmurts, Yakuts with Buryats, etc. Our country is literally dotted with numerous nationalities (more than 190), which have their own traditions, customs, spiritual and living principles.

The diversity of the peoples of Russia is determined, first of all, by its long history, as well as a unique geographical location, suggesting close relationships between peoples since ancient times.

Some peoples of Russia, rare and interesting

In the Russian Federation there are quite a lot of peoples who have a small number, however, have an exciting and fascinating story, filled with ups and downs, misfortunes and joy.

Here are some of them:

Finns and Ingrian Finns. They live mainly in the Leningrad region, the Republic of Karelia and Western Siberia. During Soviet power many representatives of the people were repressed, and many of them died during the Great Patriotic War.
The Nanai people are the indigenous people of Russia, living in Far East(banks of the Amur). Nanai people are representatives Mongoloid race, are characterized by narrow almond-shaped eyes and wide, beautiful lips. The clothes of the people are distinguished by their pretentiousness and bright colors. Personally, I really like her!

Pomors are a small people in the north of our country, living on the shores of the White Sea. In ancient times, they were famous as excellent sailors who sailed to Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemlya.

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The Russian Federation is a large state and, at the same time, multinational. I think this is obvious given the number of countries we border and geographical position of our state. About 190 peoples live on our territory, and I want to look at the most interesting of them for me.

Avars as residents of Russia

This people is one of the indigenous people in the Caucasus. They live in Dagestan and Eastern Georgia. This is considered the most numerous of all the peoples of Dagestan. But why are they called "Avars"? It is believed that in honor of the ancient Avars who lived in this territory in ancient times. About 1.2 million representatives of this people live on the territory of Russia. We can highlight the main regions in Russia where you can meet Avars:

Dagestan;
Chechnya;
Kalmykia.

Everything is clear about the settlement territory, now I’ll move on to the language. There is a language - Avar, which, in turn, has dialects. Although these people communicate both in their native language and in Russian.

Russian people - Kabardians

Another interesting people, which is located in the Middle East and on the territory of Russia. The main regions in which this population predominates are Stavropol and Krasnodar region. National language They can be considered Kabardian-Circassian, but they also know our Russian. Large numbers of Kabardians are also found in Turkey (twice as many as in Russia). In our territories, the number of people who belong to Kabardians is about 515 thousand people.

Mari representatives in Russia

The Mari are a Finno-Ugric people who live in Russia (mainly in the Republic of Mari El). Our country is home to half of the entire world population of this nation. Their number is 557 thousand people. The Mari are divided into groups:

mountain (left bank of the Volga);
meadow (Volga-Vyatka interfluve);
eastern (migrants from previous groups).

The main language of communication is Mari and Mountain Mari. By the way, in religious terms, the Mari profess Orthodoxy.

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Every day, leaving home and going to work, to the store or just for a walk, I am faced with the fact that a large number of people on the city streets have the most various nationalities. I think you have also noticed this feature, especially if, like me, you live in one of the megacities of Russia, for example, in Moscow or St. Petersburg. Today I will try to answer your question: “ What peoples live in Russia?».

Peoples living in Russia

No wonder they say that Russia is a multinational country, I completely agree with this expression. I myself have enough friends and acquaintances, colleagues and even relatives who are representatives of other countries and peoples. The good news is that if you believe their words, we can conclude that the attitude of the indigenous people towards them in the vast majority of cases is extremely friendly. My Ukrainian neighbor says that he doesn’t feel any sidelong glances at his work, even after the conflict between our countries. And this is definitely pleasing, since my personal opinion is that all people, regardless of race or religion, should live in complete peace and agree, we are people, not savages! I also noticed a trend that people have recently started actively become friends, and nowadays in the same company of people you can often see representatives several nationalities at once.

Representatives of various nations with whom I communicate

Considering that the percentage of Russian people living in Russia is about 80%, also lives in our country more than 190 other nationalities. I have no desire to once again write out official statistics; I’d rather use my own example to try to tell who I personally have to deal with almost every day while living in Moscow.

Azerbaijanis. Two large wonderful families of this people live in two neighboring apartments on my floor, I often greet and communicate with them.

Ukrainians. One of my neighbors is Ukrainian, as are five of my colleagues. Only positive communication with everyone.

Armenians. Extremely pleasant and polite people, who have always been famous for their hospitality.

Bashkirs. Having been classmates in the past, we still happily keep in touch.

Chechens. I have several distant relatives of representatives of this people. We communicate with pleasure.

I would like to wish everyone reading to be wiser and think with their own heads, and not public opinion, often imposed on us by politicians. Remember - there are no bad or good nations, there are only bad and good people!

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For a long time I lived in the student district of the city of Kuibyshev. (This is the one in Siberia). And during that period, I was surprised by the numerous students with narrow eyes. Since I was little and knew only the basics of geography, I called them Chinese. In fact, these were residents of Kazakhstan. Later, having learned about different nationalities, I thought about who else lives in Russia besides the Russians.

National composition of the Russian Federation

The abundance of peoples in Russia is associated with a vast territory. The country waged wars and negotiations for hundreds of years, annexed new territories, and lost cities. Since then, the national composition has become motley and heterogeneous. As a percentage, most Russians. Less than half are occupied Ukrainians, Belarusians, Tatars, Bashkirs, Chuvash, Chechens, Armenians, Kazakhs and others.

Ethnos

All peoples living on the territory of Russia belong to nine language families.

Indo-European,
Kartvelian,
Ural-Yukaghir,
Altai,
Eskimo-Aleutian,
North Caucasian,
Yenisei,
Sino-Tibetan,
Chukotka-Kamchatka.

These families are divided into countless groups. They are often classified by place of residence. Most of the inhabitants of Russia and Europe belong to the Indo-European family, and the rest are few in number.

Places of residence of different peoples

Majority Tatars And Chuvash lives in the Volga region, as it already was noted by a previous commentator. Bashkirs are numerous in the Altai Territory and Tyumen. Ukrainians, Belarusians live evenly throughout Russia, and Caucasian peoples live mainly in the southern part of Russia. After the census, it was noticed that there was no city in the country with people of the same nationality. They are all mixed.

Do you know how many nationalities there are in the world? Answering this question is not as easy as it seems at first glance. There are quite a lot of contradictions in the understanding of the very term “nationality”. What is this? Linguistic community? Citizenship? This article will be devoted to bringing some clarity to the problems of nationalities of the world. We will also look at which ethnic groups produce beautiful women and attractive men. Naturally, nationalities can disappear and assimilate. And an individual in our age of globalization can be a product of a mixture of different ethnic groups. And it is often difficult for a person to answer the question of what his nationality is. But if we talk about large groups of people, then we can isolate several factors by which ethnicity is determined.

Citizenship and nationality

Firstly, not all powers are monolithic in the ethnic composition of their populations. And even if we do not take into account the presence of migrants, the so-called “first generation citizens,” even then we cannot say that there are one hundred and ninety-two nationalities in the world. List of states (namely, there are so many of them in political map) does not give us an idea about numerous ethnic groups, inhabiting these same countries. For example, representatives of more than one hundred and eighty nationalities live in the Russian Federation. And Northern and South Korea inhabits one people, divided by a demarcation line due to political strife. There is a concept of “American nation”, but it is extremely diverse in ethnic composition. The same can be said about Australia, New Zealand and Canada, whose lands were settled by emigrants from all over the world. At the same time, even in such a seemingly monolithic country in terms of ethnic composition as Poland, there are Silesians, Kashubians, Lemkos and other groups.

Language and nationality

One of the markers by which one can determine whether a person belongs to a particular nation is his language. In the population census, this factor is placed at the forefront. If we are guided by this marker, then the question of how many nationalities there are in the world can be answered: from two and a half to five thousand. Why is there such a huge discrepancy in numbers? Because we are faced with a new difficulty: what is language? Is it a dialect, a dialect used by a certain ethnic community? But determining a person’s nationality by language is also not entirely correct. After all, not all Jews know Hebrew. And it almost died, and now the government is making incredible efforts to revive it. Residents of the Green Island speak English, but do not consider themselves British.

Appearance and nationality

An even more precarious path is to determine the ethnicity of an individual by his physiological characteristics. What can we say about a person's appearance? If he has blonde hair and blue eyes, then he can equally successfully turn out to be a Swede, a Russian or a Pole. We can, of course, talk about Scandinavian, Mediterranean, Latin American, but all this does not give us an idea of what a representative of the “titular nation” should look like. Moreover, with the dominant brunette gene, blondes are gradually “dying out.” Nationalities of the world, whose representatives inhabited the lands previously known as the countries of fair-haired people (Bulgaria, states on Balkan Peninsula, Italy, Georgia), after the Turkish conquest they noticeably “darkened”. So define ethnicity by appearance does not seem possible. Although, of course, there are certain facial features that are often found in representatives of a particular nationality.

Formation of ethnic groups

All the nationalities of the world in their own way historical development have come a long way. Ancient tribes entered into military and trade alliances with each other and lived in close proximity for a long time. As a result, certain differences were erased, dialects came closer together, forming one language. One can cite the example of the ancient Romans. In addition to the Latins who inhabited the regions along the banks of the Tiber, the Veneti, Auzones, Lucanians, Osci, Messapians, Piceni, Umbrians and Falisci took part in the formation of the people. And their dialects still exist today! The huge Roman Empire, which included many nationalities, collapsed in the Middle Ages. Latin, the official language of the ancient state, gave impetus to the formation of Romance languages: Italian, French, Spanish. Awareness of the multitude by one community within the state gives rise to a nation.

Natural assimilation

Not all nationalities of the countries of the world have survived to this day. A smaller nation surrounded by a larger one risks losing its identity, especially if it is included in a state where “ titular nation"This is considered to be the largest nationality. This happened in the USSR. The first census, conducted in 1926, found that there were 178 nationalities living in the state. In 1956, there were only 109 of them. And there were 91 large nationalities, which numbered more than ten thousand people. Thus, in less than thirty years, the number of ethnic groups has decreased significantly. Of course, not everyone became Russian. Adjarians, Laz, Svans and Mingrelians began to associate themselves with Georgians; Kuramins, Turks and Kipchaks began to consider themselves Uzbeks. Thus, if not supported cultural characteristics small nations, there is a serious risk that they will disappear.

Forced assimilation

Sometimes governments, wary of separatist sentiments, pursue policies aimed at the deliberate destruction of nationality as such. They do not kill members of the ethnic minority, but carry out targeted assimilation measures. For example, in Poland after World War II, all Lemkos were taken out of their places of compact residence and settled in small groups in other regions of the country. In the south of France for a long time Schoolchildren were punished if they began to speak the local Occitan dialect. Only in the eighties of the twentieth century, under public pressure, elective courses were opened to study the almost extinct dialect. Since the world's small nationalities are already inclined to dissolve into large ones, assimilating them by force is a violation of human rights.

How many nationalities are there in the world?

Nobody knows this. According to various sources, the nationalities of the peoples of the world can number from four and a half to six thousand. The total number of languages and dialects ranges from two and a half to five thousand. But there are still tribes that do not make contact with the civilized world (the so-called un-contacted people). How many such tribes are still found in Africa, the Amazon Valley? It is also quite difficult to determine the line between ethnic group, nationality and nationality. But there is another opinion about larger communities. It is believed that a nation is a purely political construct. This theory is gaining more and more supporters in modern society.

Beautiful nationalities of the world: list

Assimilation, of course, can lead to the disappearance of an ethnic group. But mixing blood only improves the gene pool. The so-called mestizos have always amazed us with their beauty and talents. Let us at least remember the Russian poet A.S. Pushkin, in whose veins Slavic and African blood flowed. If we talk not about certain individuals, but about large groups people, then the same relationship can be traced here. The most beautiful community is the one in which they are mixed, as in a crucible, different nationalities peace. Yes, countries Latin America amaze with the abundance of beauties and angelic men. After all, locals took part in the formation of Costa Ricans, Brazilians and Colombians Indian tribes, Spaniards and Africans. Citizens of the former USSR are also not bad-looking, since many of them were born as a result of mixed interethnic marriages.

Where do the most beautiful girls live?

This issue worries not only representatives of the stronger sex. Of course, everyone has their own standard of beauty, but aren’t Miss Universe competitions held? Let's do a small one statistical analysis to reveal in which country the most beautiful women in the world are most often found. The nationality of the charming winner is not taken into account by the jury. But we will consider the charming girl a representative of the “titular nation”.

So, according to surveys done by various men and women women's magazines, in first place in beauty are residents of Brazil. After all, this Latin American country is real. Here you can meet both an irresistible blonde and a charming black woman. Many Asians gave Brazilians the languor of the Japanese orchid and almond-shaped eyes. If you like tall blondes, then feel free to go to Sweden for them. Argentines are in third place. The fourth position is held by Ukrainians, and the fifth by Russians.

Where do the most handsome men in the world live by nationality?

A selection of super attractive machos different countries created a portal for tourists Travelers Digest. He did his own research to properly guide single ladies on a romantic getaway. What happened? Which nationalities in the world have produced the most Apollos?

The portal warns that it assessed not only the external data of men, but also their upbringing, level of intelligence, and ability to care for a lady. Swedes, residents of New York and Amsterdam lead the list. The Top Ten included the Portuguese, Argentines, Australians, Spaniards, Germans, Italians and Israelis. But girls often notice that the portal is wrong. In their opinion, residents of Latin American countries, Spaniards, Italians and Turks are more attractive.

Russia is famous as a multinational state; more than 190 peoples live in the country. Most of them ended up in the Russian Federation peacefully, thanks to the annexation of new territories. Each nation has its own history, culture and heritage. Let us examine in more detail the national composition of Russia, considering each ethnic group separately.

Large nationalities of Russia

Russians are the largest indigenous ethnic group living in Russia. The number of Russian people in the world is equal to 133 million people, but some sources indicate a figure of up to 150 million. More than 110 (almost 79% of the total population of the country) million Russians live in the Russian Federation, most Russians also live in Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus. If we look at the map of Russia, the Russian people are distributed in large numbers throughout the entire territory of the state, living in every region of the country...

Tatars, compared to Russians, make up only 3.7% of the country's total population. Tatar people has a population of 5.3 million people. This ethnic group lives throughout the country, the most densely populated city of Tatars is Tatarstan, more than 2 million people live there, and the most sparsely populated region is Ingushetia, where there are not even a thousand people from the Tatar people...

Bashkirs are the indigenous people of the Republic of Bashkortostan. The number of Bashkirs is about 1.5 million people - this is 1.1% of the total number of all residents of the Russian Federation. Of the one and a half million people, the majority (approximately 1 million) live on the territory of Bashkortostan. The rest of the Bashkirs live throughout Russia, as well as in the CIS countries...

Chuvash are indigenous people Chuvash Republic. Their number is 1.4 million people, which is 1.01% of the total national composition of Russians. If you believe the population census, then about 880 thousand Chuvash live on the territory of the republic, the rest live in all regions of Russia, as well as in Kazakhstan and Ukraine...

Chechens are a people settled in the North Caucasus; Chechnya is considered their homeland. In Russia the number Chechen people was 1.3 million people, but according to statistics, since 2015 the number of Chechens in the Russian Federation has increased to 1.4 million. These people make up 1.01% of the total population of Russia...

The Mordovian people have a population of about 800 thousand people (approximately 750 thousand), this is 0.54% of the total population. Most of the people live in Mordovia - about 350 thousand people, followed by the regions: Samara, Penza, Orenburg, Ulyanovsk. Least of all this ethnic group lives in the Ivanovo and Omsk regions, not even 5 thousand belonging to the Mordovian people will gather there...

The Udmurt people number 550 thousand people - this is 0.40% of the total population of our vast Motherland. Most of the ethnic group lives in the Udmurt Republic, and the rest is dispersed in neighboring regions - Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Sverdlovsk region, Perm region, Kirov region, Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug. Small part Udmurt people migrated to Kazakhstan and Ukraine...

The Yakuts represent the indigenous population of Yakutia. Their number is 480 thousand people - this is about 0.35% of the total national composition in the Russian Federation. Yakuts make up the majority of the inhabitants of Yakutia and Siberia. They also live in other regions of Russia, the most densely populated regions of Yakuts are the Irkutsk and Magadan regions, Krasnoyarsk region, Khabarovsk and Primorsky District...

According to statistics available after the population census, 460 thousand Buryats live in Russia. This represents 0.32% of the total number of Russians. The majority (about 280 thousand people) of the Buryats live in Buryatia, being the indigenous population of this republic. The rest of the people of Buryatia live in other regions of Russia. The most densely populated territory with Buryats is the Irkutsk region (77 thousand) and the Trans-Baikal Territory (73 thousand), and the less populated ones are the Kamchatka Territory and the Kemerovo region, where you cannot find even 2000 thousand Buryats...

The number of Komi people living on the territory of the Russian Federation is 230 thousand people. This figure is 0.16% of the total population in Russia. For living, these people have chosen not only the Komi Republic, which is their immediate homeland, but also other regions of our vast country. The Komi people are found in the Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, Arkhangelsk, Murmansk and Omsk regions, as well as in the Nenets, Yamalo-Nenets and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrugs...

The people of Kalmykia are indigenous to the Republic of Kalmykia. Their number is 190 thousand people, if compared as a percentage, then 0.13% of the total population living in Russia. Most of this people, not counting Kalmykia, live in the Astrakhan and Volgograd regions - about 7 thousand people. And the least number of Kalmyks live in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug and Stavropol region- less than a thousand people...

Altaians are the indigenous people of Altai, therefore they live mainly in this republic. Although some of the population left historical territory habitat, now they live in the Kemerovo and Novosibirsk regions. Total number Altai people is 79 thousand people, as a percentage - 0.06 of the total number of Russians...

Chukchi belong to small people from the northeastern part of Asia. In Russia, the Chukchi people have a small number - about 16 thousand people, their people make up 0.01% of our total population multinational country. These people are scattered throughout Russia, but most of them settled in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Yakutia, Kamchatka Territory and Magadan Region...

These are the most common peoples that you can meet in the vastness of Mother Russia. However, the list is far from complete, because there are also foreigners in our state. For example, Germans, Vietnamese, Arabs, Serbs, Romanians, Czechs, Americans, Kazakhs, Ukrainians, French, Italians, Slovaks, Croats, Tuvans, Uzbeks, Spaniards, British, Japanese, Pakistanis, etc. Most of the listed ethnic groups make up 0.01% of the total population, but there are peoples with more than 0.5%.

We can continue endlessly, because the vast territory of the Russian Federation is capable of accommodating many peoples, both indigenous and those arriving from other countries and even continents, under one roof.