Woe from mind theme and idea. The idea, essence and meaning of the comedy Griboedov Woe from Wit
The work "Woe from Wit" is the greatest wealth Russian classics of the 19th century, it was written during the change of centuries.
The meaning of Griboyedov's comedy is to describe the collision of two worlds - the old aristocratic one, represented by Famusov, and the new progressive one, represented by Chatsky. Throughout the story, Chatsky, an educated person, is fighting against a backward serf society. The clash of these people, personifying two completely different types society is predictable and inevitable, because the representatives of the old time adhere to the old way of life, do not accept changes, they are comfortable and satisfying and do not care about others. The society of the new generation strives for a new life, for the development of itself and its state.
The idea of the comedy "Woe from Wit" is that the new views and thoughts of Chatsky do not fit into the old aristocratic foundations and the surrounding society considers him insane. It is much easier to consider a person insane than to make new changes in your usual life, because they will not leave any of the spheres of human life unchanged.
Griboyedov's play "Woe from Wit" at that time inspired society to fight against arbitrariness and meanness, against violence and ignorance. With the help of his hero Chatsky, the author expressed his disgust for the overweight aristocratic environment, for laziness and idleness. The monologues of this man are witty and frighteningly bold. Chatsky knows exactly what he wants. But this comedy is not devoid of tragedy. The tragedy of this play is that the smart and courageous Chatsky falls in love with a girl from a society he hates, but his love remains unrequited and not understood. This leads to the fact that Chatsky leaves Moscow.
The name of the comedy speaks for itself. The problem of the mind has always been relevant. At all times smart, diversified, educated people of their time were considered insane. Their ideas, going against the generally accepted rules, were persecuted and harshest criticism. So the accusation of Chatsky of insanity was beneficial to society, because it enables the aristocrats of the old worldview to justify their way of life.
Today, as in past years, the comedy "Woe from Wit" encourages the fight against selfishness, slavery and other negative social phenomena.
Option 2
Alexander Griboyedov is one of the most talented and intelligent people among his contemporaries. From his pen came three great works that have remained in history. One of them is "Woe from Wit". The author was able to accurately describe the conflict that arose between two generations, the coming century clashes with the future century, morals and views become the cause of the conflict, which quickly erupted and led to a real confrontation between the heroes.
The main character is Chatsky, who represents the future generation. All other heroes are for him a confrontation. The author emphasizes this idea in the title, for one Chatsky, who had a lively mind, reaching for knowledge, in fact, a genius, there are 25 people who do not have a special mind.
The opposition for him is Famusov, who is a typical aristocrat living on the territory of Moscow. He has various flaws of spirit, which are also found in other former serfs. He is accustomed to spending time in the service, which he considers very pleasant pastime. For this, he also receives a promotion, and his experience allows him to quickly move up the career ladder.
It was Griboyedov who became the founder of the concept of "Famus Society", which fully describes the state of the youth of that generation. It is quite traditional. Each of them is accustomed to serving the higher authorities, actually worshiping him and following every direction. The most important thing for them is to gain real wealth and understand what is happening, this is the whole meaning of the life of young people of that time, the era in which Griboedov himself lives.
In contrast with Chatsky, he shows that in that society there are people who do not care about ranks and promotion, great wealth. He tries to convey this opinion to the people around him, but they consider him a simple outcast who needs to be eradicated from the surrounding society as soon as possible.
There are very few such people, others do not recognize his genius, the ability to think. There are only a few such people in the surrounding society, they are used to being considered real outcasts.
The author shows that a man of genius cannot live in everyday conditions surrounded by such a society. He does not find people who could support him, go to the revolution, gain real freedom of speech and live like main character decides for himself, regardless of the surrounding society.
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I think that autumn is the most great time. The leaves of the trees change their color, if in the summer they were green, now they are blazing with golden, crimson, orange colors.
A. S. Griboedov was born in 1794, the famous comedy was written in 1824, in early XIX century. The author was 28 at the time. Quite mature age. And the problems raised by the author are extremely serious and in many respects are still relevant. And immediately after writing, the comedy that was distributed in the lists was very, very popular. Undoubtedly, this is largely due to its socio-political acuteness, the atmosphere in Russia was pre-stormy. It is characteristic that the exiled A. S. Pushkin in Mikhailovskoye was brought a list of comedies by his friend, the future Decembrist Ivan Pushchin. But it is obvious that the content of "Woe from Wit" is by no means limited to exposing specific vices, the ill health of Russian society during the reign of Alexander I.
The theme of “mind” is the most important philosophical and moral concept standing at the center of the comedy. Everyone expresses their attitude to “mind”, learning, knowledge in one way or another. characters, the problem is dealt with different parties. This, perhaps, explains the originality of the composition, it is no accident that Pushkin predicted that the play would be taken away into proverbs.
For Chatsky, the mind, and it is precisely his mind, convicting and uncompromising, "the mind hungry for knowledge," is perhaps the highest value. Young, sincere, brave, he has an unbalanced, even nervous character, ready to flare up at any moment, he is ready to prove his truth to anyone, caring little about how he will be understood.
“I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve,” Chatsky proudly declares. At the same time, the “chemist and botanist”, Skalozub’s cousin, may be “hungry for knowledge” no less than Chatsky, but, having surprised society (he retired when he was in the rank), he still does not produce any “scandal” he simply retired and "began reading books in the village." Famusov in his judgments about intelligence and learning is also very, very radical:
* Here you go! Great trouble.
* What a man will drink too much!
* Learning is the plague, learning is the cause.
* What is more dense now than when,
* Crazy divorced people, and deeds, and opinions.
The judgment, of course, is not entirely devoid of reasonable grounds. A strikingly similar thought is expressed already in our century by one of the characters in the play by Eugene Ionesco: “Today education has hit our heads, and therefore life has become worse. Even sweeping has become more difficult.” But in the Famus society, another most important instinct, the protective one, also acts against the mind and teachings. "Clever" sounds almost like a synonym terrible words Farmason, Jacobin, Carbonari. The “mind” of Colonel Skalozub is also decisive and uncompromising:
* ... to get ranks, there are many channels;
* As a true philosopher, I judge them.
* I just wish I could be a general.
The unfortunate Sophia is endowed with a very special mind - female: "if someone loves whom, why look for the mind and travel so far?" She also declares Chatsky insane, protecting her loved one from his wit and uncompromisingness and
* ... you love to dress up everyone in jesters,
* Do you want to try on yourself?
It is no coincidence that the name of the heroine: Sophia in Greek "wisdom". Sophia is indeed by no means stupid, but her mind fails, like Chatsky, she is cruelly deceived in her chosen one.
Molchalin is also smart in his own way. His philosophy (“to please all people without exception”) is very detailed and thoroughly developed. The image of Repetilov is insightful and terrible: the stupid windbag draws a terrible parody of the Secret Society. " The most secret alliance” in the English Club, “secret meetings” on Thursdays, the ideological leader, whom
* No need to name, you will recognize by the portrait;
* Night Rogue, Duelist,
* He was exiled to Kamchatka, returned as an Aleut, * And he was unclean in his hand;
* Yes, a smart person cannot but be a rogue.
And this man, in whose “virtues” one can easily guess the portrait of Tolstoy the American, perhaps the most famous hooligan and bully, sharpie and hooligan of the era,
* When ... about honesty high says,
* Some kind of demon we inspire:
* Eyes in the blood, the face is on fire,
* He cries himself, and we all sob.
Griboedov seems to foresee the nature of many, many future secret societies. What he managed to say in a few lines will become the theme of thick novels several centuries later (Demons by Dostoevsky, On Knives by Leskov).
The story of Chatsky, brave, honest, inspired by really high and great ideas of a person is an obvious illustration of ancient and eternal wisdom: “thinking to be wise and foolish”, but everyone he meets in his native Moscow is obviously not all right with his mind, obviously not only Chatsky’s grief from the mind. Time itself is vague and confused: "What time is it?" - Seventh, eighth, ninth. Involuntarily, I recall a story that is told about a wonderful poet - the mentally ill Batyushkov:
* What time is it, he was asked here,
* And he answered the curious: "eternity!".
* (O. Mandelstam)
The story of unhappy love in the play is not only comical, but also “wrong”, everyone makes mistakes, deceives, gets into a mess, naively relying on the unconditionality and “correctness” of their mind. The stable scheme is also broken: love triangle opens, turns into a quadrangle, Chatsky loves Sophia, Sophia loves Molchalin, and Molchalin loves Lisa, who, in turn, does not reciprocate. A triangle, as is known from geometry, is a rigid figure, a quadrilateral with equal sides can have any angles: and at the plot level, misunderstanding and uncertainty multiply.
In his own way, rational, “correct”, protectively well-intentioned Famusov is by no means prosperous and calm, he is drawn into the general game: and he is woe from his mind:
What a commission, creator, To be a father to an adult daughter!
It seems that only the cynical Colonel Skalozub is stable in mind. But his clear mind is somehow too paradoxical:
* In my opinion,
* The fire contributed to her much to adornment.
* And this is about the ancient capital!
But back to the "grief" of the protagonist. He clearly sees the imperfection of the world in general and Famus society in particular. He sees and does not want (or cannot, through the fault of the mind) to reconcile with him. And the imperfect world, imperfect society takes revenge on him. He, certainly smart, is declared crazy. The comedy appeared on the eve of the tragedy on December 14th. And like the clever Chatsky, the honest and courageous freedom fighters turned out to be misunderstood, according to the correct definition of the leader of the world proletariat, terribly far from the people. Alas, as the Famus society did not heed Griboyedov's warnings, they did not sober up the Decembrists either. The logic of history, unlike the human mind, is precise and inexorable.
And the play by A. S. Griboyedov really dispersed into proverbs, fragments entered the living spoken language and continues to live, overcoming time, historical conventions and all sorts of ideological frameworks.
The theme of the mind is central to the work, stated in the title. It is known that at first Griboedov wanted to name the comedy "Woe to the mind." This title reflected the fact that the bearer of the mind endures persecution from others. However, then he changed it to "Woe from Wit." There is already another meaning here: grief is endured not only by the bearer of the mind, but also by all his surroundings. Indeed, the second title reflects more deeply what happens in the course of the plot: it is not easy for Chatsky, but it is also not easy for the representatives of the Moscow nobility who come into contact with him ...
If he talks about the mind, then in comedy there is a constant game with the meaning of this word. There are two concepts of the mind: the mind of Chatsky and the mind of the “famus society”.
Chatsky's mind lies in his ability to think freely, to see the essence of the surrounding phenomena. He is the bearer of advanced ideas: the liberation of peasants from slavery, new values of life (other than servility, idle pastime). In addition, Chatsky is distinguished by expressive speech, likes to throw well-aimed phrases (“he speaks as he writes”). From this side, Chatsky is smart. On the other hand, he (as Pushkin noted) looks stupid when he tries to convey his ideas to people who do not want to listen to them. O is stupid in everything that concerns people, as well as in what is connected with everyday practicality (which is so valued in the "famus society").
If we talk about representatives of Moscow society, then they are stupid in what Chatsky is smart about. They live only to earn money and achieve a position in society, they do not think at all about what is happening around. However, they have their own "worldly wisdom", which they are guided in life. It is to be able to find an approach to the right person know one's place in society and behave accordingly, and thus secure one's own quiet life. Famusov is trying to teach Chatsky, telling him about his life views. Molchalin also possesses this “worldly wisdom” (he is very cunning) and knows how to constantly enter the role he needs (with Sophia to seem like a romantic young man in love, with Famusov and the guests of the ball - obedient and meek, with Liza become cheeky, with Chatsky - indifferent). Sophia says about him:
Of course, he does not have this mind,
What a genius for others, and for others a plague,
Which is quick, brilliant and soon opposes,
Which light scolds on the spot,
So that the world at least says something about him;
Will such a mind make a family happy?
In these lines, Sophia contrasts the mind of Molchalin and the mind of Chatsky. And gravitates towards the first (like all Moscow society). As a result, the author of the comedy shows that the real smart people rarely valued in a society of fools. And what's more, their mind may seem crazy - as it happened with Chatsky.
Alexander Griboyedov's comedy "Woe from Wit" is considered the first work realistic direction in Russian literature, despite the still tangible influence of classicism. The aesthetics of romanticism is also present in the comedy, especially noticeable in the image of the protagonist.
A characteristic sign of realism in the play is that the characters are socially motivated. They are a product of the society in which they live.
The language of comedy can also be attributed to Griboyedov's innovation. He gives each of his characters an individual manner of speech. Therefore, they cannot be confused. With the help of sharp polemics in the dialogues, the author shows the character and way of thinking of the characters. Many statements are so aphoristic and unique that they have become winged. Even after many years, they remain relevant to us. For example, the famous remark of the protagonist Chatsky: “I would be glad to serve, it’s sickening to serve.”
The history of the creation of the play
The author worked on the play for several years, from 1822 to 1824. However, the idea to write about the mores of society arose much earlier. According to one version, the impetus for creating the play was one of the aristocratic receptions that Griboyedov attended. He was greatly outraged by the way people bow to a foreign guest, because then there was a fashion for everything foreign. When the writer hinted that such behavior looked ridiculous and wrong, he was considered a crazy person. This story gives reason to consider Griboyedov the prototype of his main character, Chatsky.
When the work was finished, the author thought that he would publish it without difficulty. But it turned out that the comedy "no pass." Therefore, during the life of Griboyedov, it was possible to publish the work only in fragments. Although handwritten versions quickly dispersed among the advanced reading public, and the writer gained fame.
The plot of the work
Alexander Chatsky, a young nobleman, arrives at the house of the Famusov family after a long stay abroad. His goal is to marry Sofya Famusova, with whom they grew up together and were friends in childhood. But the girl meets him coldly, because she is in love with another man. Chatsky does not want to give up, especially since Sophia's chosen one seems to him an unworthy person. There are only two in the play. storylines- romantic and social. The first one subsequently flows into the second. Trying to win Sophia's hand, Chatsky gradually becomes disillusioned with her, because she is no different from the rest of the conservative decaying Moscow society. The protagonist has a brilliant mind, but in this society he is useless, because here only chivalry and cunning are valued. Chatsky's eloquence and his advanced ideas are perceived as the ravings of a madman. As a result, the main character leaves Moscow.
Themes, problems and the main idea of the play
The main themes of the work include: a realistic depiction of life and customs contemporary author society of nobles; story of unhappy love; opposition of the advanced protagonist to society.
The main idea of the play is to expose the moral baseness and wretchedness of a feudal society in which progressive ideas are not perceived.
The main idea that Alexander Griboyedov put into his comedy is to show the way of life, the customs of his contemporary society, his contemporary Moscow. In the work, two camps collide, two worldviews - old conservative conformist aristocrats worshiping ranks, wealth, trying with all their might to maintain the existing habitual way of life and advanced people striving for change, wishing for a better life than they have.
In the work, there is a confrontation between Chatsky and Famusov, and this clash is completely predictable. This conflict should have been, because the old townsfolk like Famusov, accustomed to caring only for their personal welfare, and indifferent to the aspirations of others, cannot stand people like Chatsky, who "sow confusion", violate the established order for everyone, striving to establish justice. In people like Chatsky, Famusov sees a real enemy, a threat to his high position, his comfortable idle-stupefying life. The spirit of pride and arrogance reigns at Famusov's balls. Chatsky, having got to one of the balls, fell into unbearable boredom because of that host living there (even falling in love did not save him from boredom, everything was so depressing). And all because their interests are limited only by banknotes and titles. In addition, all the guests are wary of each other, an atmosphere of hostility and arrogance hovers among them.
What did Griboedov want to tell us with this work? What is the meaning of comedy? It lies in Chatsky's loyalty to his convictions, despite mental anguish and multiple failures. In the vile house of Famusov, he plays the role of a detractor of ignorant inhabitants, retrogrades making every effort to maintain the existing order, not striving for a more honest and just life, thinking about themselves. Such subjects hinder our time, the development of the world, and the likes of Chatsky make our planet spin and progress. People like him are trying to free the common people from unbearable oppression.
In the play Woe from Wit, the essence lies in the conflict between a gifted, progressive personality (inclined to Decembristism) and Famus Society(honoring money, ranks, vanity and hypocrisy) which appears as a struggle for the rights and dignity of a person. Through the lips of Chatsky, the author's position was expressed in relation to his contemporary society. A lot of images from the work have become common nouns, and some passages have become aphorisms.
Option 2
A satirical comedy written by one of the famous Russian authors of the 19th century - Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov. Initially, Griboedov conceived of writing a comedy about the rather strange and cruel living conditions of ordinary peasants during the serfdom.
Since comedy touches on satire, this work makes the reader understand that even the most intelligent person who has not done anything wrong can also become the object of various gossip, discussions, and so on. main topic comedies are the vices of mankind, which both ridicule and try to hide. Hypocrisy and servility makes the reader think about how these two main vices can affect the outcome of the work.
The title of the work, "Woe from Wit" hides in itself little sense, which is revealed in the work itself. After all, it is easier to accuse another person of illiteracy or insanity than to change yourself and try to live in accordance with the new directions and styles of life itself that have come with the advent of the new century.
Also in the comedy touches serfdom, court customs and much more, which affects the very meaning of the work and its essence. When reading this work one can notice his connection with Decembristism, however, Griboyedov himself was not part of the Decembrist societies and did not share the main directions of Decembristism with friends or in literature.
Not the most deep meaning comedy is manifested in the fact that Chatsky, with all his efforts, despite his failures throughout the action of the comedy and despite moral principles and flour did not recede, but remained true to his inner ideals.
Griboedov did not hesitate to add some kind of confrontation to this work, on the one hand, aristocrats who did not want to leave the brightness of life spoke, and on the other hand, a society of progressive-minded people came forward who wanted to fill their lives with vivid emotions and unforgettable memories. In other words, two generations clashed in this comedy - the new generation of the then 19th century and the generation of the past, the 18th century. This disagreement between the two generations has not disappeared even now, in the 21st century.
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