Lviv: Lychakiv Cemetery. Lychakiv Cemetery in Lviv: graves of celebrities

Lychakiv Cemetery, which is located in Lviv, was founded in 1786. It is considered one of oldest cemeteries not only Ukraine, but also Europe. Ukrainian outstanding state and cultural figures, the Polish gentry, the Austrian monarchs, and the Armenian intelligentsia are buried here. On the monuments there are inscriptions in Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, German, Armenian languages. This cemetery contains the whole history of Lviv and Galicia.

Since 1991, the Lychakiv cemetery has the status of a historical and cultural reserve. All new burials are carried out only with the permission of the mayor and in agreement with the chairman of the academic council.

Sub-burials of direct relatives are allowed. Residents of Lvov who emigrated to America, but wished to be buried in their homeland, are buried here.

The Lychakiv cemetery is also known for its legends about buried famous figures.

The famous Lychak "sleeping beauty". Regina Markovskaya.
Several versions of her death are told. According to one of them, Regina was a promising young actress who “got too much into her role” on stage, and died when, according to the script of the play, her heroine was supposed to die. According to another version, she, already a married lady, fell in love with a young womanizer and took poison, unable to bear his constant infidelities. The third, most plausible legend is that the heart of a young woman simply could not bear the tragic loss - the death of her young sons. Both boys, seven and two years old, were buried with their mother. Previously, there was still a stone figure of a weeping angel at the head, and then it disappeared somewhere.

Female figures in mourning poses are mourners. There are a huge variety of them on Lychakivsky, in various variations. They say that “tears” actually roll down the faces of some of them in the morning hours. But there is no mysticism in this. If you believe the stories, some sculptors made a system of invisible grooves in the stone, in which morning dew accumulated and flowed out of the holes in the eye area.

One of the most common gravestone images is an angel. Usually it symbolizes the Guardian Angel constantly accompanying the soul of a person, serving as its guide and intercessor in the afterlife. And sometimes his sad sculpture remains on the ground, guarding the grave with ashes.

National historical and cultural museum-reserve"Lychakiv Cemetery" - famous memorial cemetery in Lviv with an area of 40 hectares.
The main entrance to the cemetery is located on Mechnikova Street, 33. There are about 300 thousand burials in the cemetery, located in 86 fields, more than 2,000 crypts were built, and about 500 sculptures and reliefs were installed on the graves.

It has existed since 1786 - after the Austrian authorities banned burying people in old cemeteries that were located in the city around churches. The cemetery was intended for the city center and the IV section of Lviv. Mostly wealthy and prominent residents of the city were buried in the cemetery.

In 1804 and 1808, there was a significant expansion of the cemetery's area through the purchase of adjacent land plots from private owners. The next expansion of the cemetery took place in 1856. Then they invited university botanist Karl Bauer, who, together with the head of the cemetery, Tikh Tkhuzhevsky, organized the territory. Alleys and paths were planned, giving the cemetery the character of a park area.

In 1975, a decision was made to stop burials. An exception is made only for special famous personalities, families with their own crypts, as well as, in in some cases Sub-burials in existing graves of relatives are allowed after the 25-year burial period.

Polish family crypts. Some date back several hundred years. Most of them were plundered with the arrival Soviet power.

The grave of the Armenian bishop Samvel Kirill Stefanovich. Again, according to legend, at the age of 75 the bishop became seriously ill and, anticipating his death, ordered a tombstone for himself. By the time the work was completed, the patient’s condition had improved dramatically and the priest was on the mend. He lived another 28 years caring for his own image carved in stone.

And finally, some photos in color...

Many are buried here famous people: writers: Ivan Franko, Markian Shashkevich, Grigory Tyutyunnik, Maria Konopnitskaya, Gabriela Zapolskaya, Yulian Opilsky, Alexander Gavrilyuk, Stepan Tudor, Petr Karmansky, Mikhail Yatskiv, Vasily Pachevsky, Roman Fedorov, Rostislav Bratun, Irina Vilde, Petr Kozlanyuk, Grigory Skuka , Mikhail Rudnitsky, Yuri Shkrumelyak, Grigory Chubai, Yakov Stetsyuk, Igor Rymaruk, Nazar Gonchar, Vasily Levitsky, Mariyka Pidgiryanka;
artists, sculptors: Yaroslava Muzyka, Leopold Levitsky, Elena Kulchitskaya, Yakov Gnezdovsky, Evgeniy Lysik, Emmanuel Misko, Vitaly Ginzburg, Feodosia Brizh, Victor Savin, Yuri Stefanchuk, Evgeniy Dzindra, Mikhail Dzyndra, Igor Bodnar, Arthur Grotger;
architects: Yulian Zaharievich, Ivan Levinsky;
composers: Vladimir Ivasyuk, Igor Bilozir, Stanislav Lyudkevich, Filaret Kolessa, Nikolai Kolessa, Anatol Vakhnyanin, Anatoly Kos-Anatolsky;
folklorists, ethnographers: Vladimir Barvinsky, Vladimir Gnatyuk, Ivan Vagilevich;
artists: Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, Ivan Rubchak, Vasily Yaremenko, Nadezhda Dotsenko, Pavel Karmalyuk, Ivan Matsyalko;
scientists: Stefan Banach, Emelyan Ogonovsky, Alexander Ogonovsky, Karol Shainokha, Isidor Sharanevich, Alexander Barvinsky, Ivan Kripyakevich, Vladimir Levitsky, Vasily Shchurat, Joseph Zastirets, Yaroslav Pidstrigach, Mikhail Sheremetyev, Mikhail Kobrin, Mikhail Rolle, Orest Matsyuk, Yuri Kirichuk Oswald Balser, Benedikt Dybowski;
public and statesmen: Evgeny Petrushevich, Dmitry Vitovsky, Alexander Tisovsky, Mikhail Matchak, Miron Korduba, Ivan Kurovets, Yulian Romanchuk, Yaroslav Baranovsky, Adam Kotsko, Yaroslav Kulachkovsky, Henryk Revakovich;
Galician metropolitans: Grigory Yakhimovich (1792-1863), Spiridon Litvinovich (1810-1869), Bishop Nikolai Charnetsky and others.
The cemetery is distinguished from others by its beautiful monuments of grief (Hartmann Witwer, Anton Schimzer, Joseph Schimzer, Tadeusz Baroncz, Konstantin Godebski, Julian Markovsky, Grigory Kuzniewicz, etc.).
Numerous chapels attract attention. Among them, the chapel of the Armenian Kshechunovich family is distinguished both in size and unusualness. It is located on a hill, and to front door you need to climb 20 steps.

Field of Honor

The “Field of Honor Burials” occupies part of the 67th Field. Established by the transfer here of the mortal remains of Ekaterina Zaritskaya (1914-1986). Her husband Mikhail Soroka (1911-1971) is buried nearby. His ashes were transferred from concentration camp No. 17 in Mordovia in 1991. In 1997, the outstanding figure of the UPA, Petro Duzhoy (1916-1997), was buried here.
As part of the reconstruction, the graves of outstanding cultural figures have been added to the territory of the Field of Honorary Burials:
People's Artist of Ukraine Boris Romanitsky (1891-1988)
People's Artist Nadezhda Dotsenko (1914-1994)
ballet dancer Oleg Stalinsky (1907-1980)
Honored Artist of Ukraine Nina Tychinsky (1943-1989)
public figure and poet Rostislav Bratun (1927-1995)
Demyan Pelekhaty (1926-1994)

The main alley of the cemetery begins between the Adamski and Baczewski chapels and runs through the entire cemetery in an elongated oval. At the beginning of the alley, a Ukrainian memorial was formed on fields No. 3, 4, 5 and adjacent ones.

Monuments, graves along the main alley:
monument to the Great Kamenyar on the grave of Ivan Franko - erected in 1933. The plot of the monument by sculptor S. Litvinenko is connected with the famous poem “Masons”.
monument to the “awakeners of Rus'” on the grave of Markiyan Shashkevich, made in the workshop of Henrik Perrier.
monument at the grave of Vladimir Barvinsky by sculptor S. R. Levandovsky.
Nearby is the tomb and burials of the Barvinskys, including in particular Alexander and Vasily Barvinsky.
monument to Orpheus at the grave of Solomiya Krushelnitskaya
monument at the grave of the philanthropist, honorary citizen of Lvov Vasily Ivanitsky.

Oh Lviv, wonderful, ancient, picturesque and mysterious. This is the city in which I want to live, yes, I want to live there, this is not a city, but one continuous UNESCO monument. You already know that in Lviv there is an incredibly delicious chocolate workshop, and today you will learn that a cemetery can be not just a gloomy and dull place where you will be taken at the end of your life, this place can also be a museum or rather a cozy park. To be honest, I can’t even call it a cemetery.
And so, Lychakiv cemetery in Lviv. The monuments and crypts that have stood there for almost 220 years are masterpieces of sculpture and architecture of incredible beauty, these are creations famous masters, which from century to century protect the memory of our ancestors.

The Lychakiv cemetery appeared around 1786. Only the richest residents of Lvov could find peace there. Relatives, seeing off their loved ones and relatives to last way, clearly did not skimp on hiring famous sculptors to express their love.

Previously, city residents were buried in dungeons near churches, and this led to not very pleasant odors and unsanitary conditions. And only thanks to the Austrian Emperor Joseph II, in 1784, all cemeteries from the city center were moved to the outskirts. Thus, a unique Lychak cemetery appeared on the picturesque hills and terraces of ancient Lviv.

The Lychakiv cemetery is known not only for its beautiful crypts and tombstones, but also for the fact that many people are buried there interesting stories and legends associated with famous people.

Representatives of noble Austrian, Polish and Ukrainian families found peace here. In this place you will find monuments to such great figures of politics and art as the poet Ivan Franko, composer Stanislav Lyudkevich, opera singer Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, actress Regina Markovskaya, historian Ivan Kripyakevich.

More than 400,000 human burials different nationalities and religions. The inscriptions on the tombstones are carved in German, Serbian, Italian, Polish, Armenian, Latin, Ukrainian, Hebrew and Russian.

The very first burials of Lychakov date back to 1786 and 1797. Since 1804, the cemetery has expanded greatly due to the purchase of land by private individuals. It was no longer just monuments over graves that were built, but monumental family crypts and tombs that would last for centuries.

main part cemeteries.

Walking between the sculptures, it seems that you are in other world, and against your will you begin to believe in eternal life, where it is always light, calm and peaceful.

A small, cozy compact crypt.

Entrance to the other world.

She really looks like she's alive.

The crypts are noticeably different from the rich and very rich townspeople.

The crypts bear many family coats of arms.

More than one generation of a noble Lviv family has been buried in this crypt.

Polish tomb.

A stunning monument carved from stone.

A woman mourning her family.

Unfortunately, many monuments are so overgrown with bushes and grass that it is even difficult to get to them.

Many of the sculptures are in poor condition and unkempt.

Each sculpture is very emotional in its own way.

Some sculptures simply chill the soul.

And the barbarians have already tried.

An angel is a symbol of calm, patience and peace. This is a spiritual, intelligent creature with supernatural powers with snow-white wings on its back.
The guardian angel protects you from the day of your birth and remains to stand adamantly near your crypt, protecting you in eternal life.

Monumental.

Centuries pass, and someone's life becomes an exhibit in a museum. You can talk about the beauty of Lychakovo frozen in stone for hours. You need to go there not because you are in Lviv. You need to go to Lviv because the main necropolis of Lvov is there - the Lychakiv cemetery.

Another famous tourist place in Lviv is the Lychakiv Cemetery. We spent 3 hours on it, but we weren’t able to walk around and capture everything, it’s so huge, amazing and beautiful. See for yourself and read. All photos and text belong to my husband utflytter .

If you type “Lychakiv Cemetery” into Google, the search engine will return hundreds, or even thousands, of links to photos, videos and just text with information about one of the oldest cemeteries in Europe. So I won’t discover America and won’t tell you any hitherto unknown facts, but I’ll just show a few tourist photos taken last summer during our trip to Lviv.

To be honest, I shot without any system. We randomly chose the direction of movement through the cemetery and sometimes stopped to take a photo at the most noticeable or unusual monument in our opinion. Already at home, I read a lot of interesting things about the famous Lviv necropolis and regretted that I had not prepared before the trip. Then our movements would be more meaningful and the most famous and famous “tenants” of Lychakivskoye would be included in the frame. But what we have, we have.

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The official date of foundation of Lychakivsky is 1786. The reason for the emergence of the cemetery was a decree of the Austrian Emperor Joseph II who considered it necessary to streamline burials and avoid the unsanitary conditions that arose as a result of burying the bodies of the dead in dungeons near churches. On hot days summer days There was a corpse smell in the churches. Thanks to the emperor, four cemeteries were built around Lvov. Three of them ceased to operate during the time of Austrian rule. A railway line was built through Paporovka, on the site of the Gorodotskoye cemetery there is a Station Bazaar, and on the site of the Stryisky cemetery there is a monument Soviet army and a hotel. Only one has survived- Lychakovskoe.

All this is known to Wikipedia and a bunch of other sources on the Internet, and all these sources are unanimous regarding the date and reasons for the emergence of the necropolis. But then small discrepancies begin. They concern the name of the Lychakiv district. According to one version, Lychakov- distorted German Lutzenhof (court of the Lutzes, German colonists who settled here at the end of the 16th century), according to another Lychakov comes from the poor people who wore bast shoes and settled in this area back in the 15th century. There is also no consensus regarding the status of the cemetery. It is believed that due to its proximity to the center of Lviv, the Lychakiv cemetery immediately became prestigious; wealthy residents of the “middle” were buried there. i stya." It is known that in the 15th century those killed as a result of epidemics, as well as suicides, were buried on Lychakivsky. So the “prestige” of the cemetery at the beginning of its existence is in question.

Boris Akunin, in his Cemetery Stories, very accurately described the sensations that arise in modern active cemeteries: “The active Moscow cemeteries make me sick to my stomach. They look like bleeding pieces of meat torn out alive. Buses with black stripes on the sides drive up there, they talk too quietly and they cry too loudly, and in the crematorium conveyor shop a choral prelude howls four times an hour, and a government lady in a mourning dress says in a staged voice: “We approach one by one, we say goodbye.”
Thanks to the efforts of the botanist Karl Bauer, who developed projectals and paths in 1856, Lychakivism is perceived more as huge park surrounded by greenery and filled with many sculptures. Or like an open air museum- history of Lviv since the time of Austro- The Hungarian Empire until the collapse of the USSR.

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Polish family crypts. Some date back several hundred years. Most of them were looted with the advent of Soviet power. According to some legend Polish family was buried wearing gold shoes. Revolutionary-minded looters could not allow such misuse of precious metal by the bourgeois dead and carried out “expropriation” of the contents of the crypts at night. In the morning, cemetery watchmen found coffins with remains right on the cemetery paths.

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Much more monuments would have survived to this day if it were not for the wheel of history in the form of a stone crusher directed by the Lviv magistrate in the 19th century to destroy graves that had been unattended for more than twenty-five years. Three-hundred-year-old slabs were mercilessly ground into stone chips, which were then filled with cemetery alleys.

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Since 1991, the Lychakiv cemetery has the status of a historical and cultural reserve. All new burials are carried out only with the permission of the mayor and in agreement with the chairman of the academic council. Sub-burials of direct relatives are allowed. Residents of Lvov who emigrated to America, but wished to be buried in their homeland, are buried here. Modern, sparkling Americanism against the backdrop of the gloomy, moss-covered stones of old Europe.

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19. family coats of arms..

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And of course, what is an ancient cemetery without legends. The famous Lychak "sleeping beauty". Regina Markovskaya. The story of the “sleeping beauty” is told very well: “The figure of a sleeping young girl in life size- a beautiful, serene face, her hair scattered in disarray on the pillow... Several versions of her death are told. According to one of them, Regina was a promising young actress who “got too much into her role” on stage, and died when, according to the script of the play, her heroine was supposed to die. According to another version, she, already a married lady, fell in love with a young womanizer and took poison, unable to bear his constant infidelities. The third, and in my humble opinion, the most plausible legend - the heart of a young woman simply could not bear the tragic loss - the death of her young sons. Both boys, seven and two years old, were buried with their mother. Previously, there was still a stone figure of a weeping angel at the head, and then it disappeared somewhere. Mysticism, an act of vandalism? Don't know. But there are always fresh flowers on her grave - visitors are drawn here as if by a magnet..."

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The grave of the Armenian bishop Samvel Kirill Stefanovich. Again, according to legend, at the age of 75 the bishop became seriously ill and, anticipating his death, ordered a tombstone for himself. By the time the work was completed, the patient’s condition had improved dramatically and the priest was on the mend. He lived another 28 years caring for his own image carved in stone.

And finally, one more story for lovers of horror stories: “There are crypts here with a “bad” reputation, such as one of the richest tombs of Rosalia and Wanda Zamoyski. Mother and daughter tragically died in a fire in 1902. They say that you can often hear the chains on which the coffins are suspended rattling in the hermetically sealed crypt..." But, unfortunately, we knew nothing about this and I don’t have a photo of the “bad” crypt. Perhaps you will be interested in going to Lviv yourself, going to the Lychakiv cemetery and finding this gloomy place :)

Lychakivskoe cemetery is located on the street. I. Mechnikov, its territory occupies the Lychakiv plateau and the surrounding area. Today it is the oldest surviving cemetery in Lviv, which was officially opened in 1786. This is one of the most famous European necropolises, which contains a large number of artistic monuments, recognized as a monument of history, archeology and art national importance. Here are the graves of many outstanding personalities, military graves from the First and Second World Wars and the like.

Lychakiv cemetery. Story

Lychakiv Cemetery is the oldest suburban cemetery in Lviv that has survived to this day. Its location was popularly called “the sands.” The first laconic mentions of this cemetery date back to around 1567, when plague victims were buried here. However, the oldest surviving monuments date back to the end. XVIII century.

Officially, the Lychakiv cemetery was opened at the end of 1786 after cemeteries at churches were abolished in accordance with imperial decrees. It was then located outside the city and was intended for the city center and the Lychakivsky site. Mostly wealthy Lviv residents were buried there, while the poor were buried in Stryisky and then Yanovsky cemeteries.

At first, the Lychakiv cemetery occupied a much smaller area than it does today. In the first years of its official foundation, it was located on the top of a hill, where in the 18th century. there was a wooden gazebo (existed at the beginning of the twentieth century). At that time, the cemetery occupied the space of the current cemetery fields No. 7, 9, 10, 14, where several ancient tombstones can now be seen.

Due to its remoteness from regular urban development, the territory of the Lychakiv cemetery could expand. In 1804 and 1808, several adjacent plots of land were purchased to increase the territory. The cemetery was not properly looked at at the beginning. However, during the subsequent expansion in 1856, university botanist Karl Bauer was invited to compile it, who, in collaboration with the head of the cemetery, Titus Thurzhevsky, organized the territory, designed alleys and paths and provided the cemetery with a parkland character.

Today the Lychakiv Cemetery is one of the most famous necropolises in Europe. On July 10, 1990, by resolution of the Lviv City Council, the territory of the Lychakiv cemetery became a historical and cultural reserve of local significance. In 1991, the military cemetery Hill of Glory was included in its structure.

Lychakiv Cemetery is the burial place of many prominent personalities.

In the north-eastern part of the cemetery, on field No. 45, the deputy chairman of the Ukrainian Central Rada, professor of the Lviv Polytechnic Nikolai Shrag is buried, on field No. 64 - the grave of the USS and UGA Hornets, historian, writer Elena Stepanovna; Church historians Fr. are buried nearby. Aurelian Andrukhovich, Fr. R.Lukan and Fr. T. Kostruba. In field No. 82, the only grave preserved from burials in the destroyed military cemetery of the Austro-Hungarian army. Vladimir Grebenyak, an archaeologist, anthropologist, and active member of the NOS, is buried there. In the northwestern part of the cemetery, on field No. 59, the biochemist Stepan Grzhitsky, the mathematician Miron Zaritsky, the artist Alexey Novakovsky, the ethnographer Vladimir Shukhevych are buried, on the field No. 60a - the writer Vasily Lukich (Levitsky) and the director of the academic gymnasium Ilya Kokorudza. The artist Stefania Gebus-Baranetskaya is buried nearby on field No. 61.

To the left of the main entrance is field No. 1, which is from the end. XIX century was considered a pantheon of honored Lviv residents. Here, in the tomb of the Svachinsky family, the initial burial of Ivan Franko was located - after 5 years, the coffin with his ashes was transferred to a separate grave, on which a monument to him was built in 1933. Buried in field No. 1 are Ukrainian writers Andrey Voloshchak, Vladimir Grzhitsky, Vasily Pachovsky, Grigory Tyutyunnik, Pyotr Karmansky, Pyotr Kozlanyuk, Pyotr Ingulsky, Mikhail Yatskov, Stepan-Yuriy Maslyak, artists Ivan Trush, Osip Kurilas, V. Savin, sculptor Ivan Severa , social and political figures Emelyan Ogonovsky, A. Markov, Roman Sushko, Olga Tsipanovska, Nikolai Golubets, academician Mikhail Voznyak, professor Stepan Shchurat, architects Ivan Bagensky, Adam Kurillo, Henryk Shvedsky-Vinetsky. On the adjacent field No. 59 are the graves of the historian Ivan Kripyakevich and the writer Irina Vilde.

Below the monument to Juliusz Ordon are buried the founder of the youth sports and educational organization “Sokol” Antoniy Dursky, the pioneer of the oil industry in Galicia Stanislav Szczepanovsky, the presidents of Lvov Michal Michalsky, Tadeusz Rutovsky and Godzimir Malakhovsky. Nearby are the graves of figures of Polish culture, art and public life. Buried here Polish writer Maria Konopnitskaya and Gabriela Zapolskaya, poets Vladislav Belza and Severin Goschinsky, architect Zygmunt Gorgolevsky, historian A. Cholovsky, professor of Lviv Polytechnic Karol Skibinsky and many others.

In the post-war period, publicist-writer Yaroslav Galan and others were buried in field No. 1 Soviet figures: Kuzma Pelekhaty, Semyon Stefanik, Nikolai Gnidyuk, B. Dudikevich, Yuri Melnichuk, rector of Lviv Polytechnic and Leningrad State University. I. Franko Nikolai Maksimovich with his wife Maria Kikh, orthopedic doctor I. Zaichenko, generals Vasily Bisyarin and Nikolai Abashin and others.

Nearby on field No. 3 there is a tomb and burial of the Barvinsky family, among which Alexander Barvinsky, an outstanding teacher and writer, historian, member of the Austrian parliament and his son are buried here. famous composer, Gulag political prisoner Vasily Barvinsky. Yaroslav Kulachkovsky, founder and director of the Mutual Obligations Society and the Dniester Bank, is buried to the right of the Barvinsky crypt. In the depths of the field there is the grave of an outstanding figure Ukrainian culture Ivan Verkhratsky. Also buried in the same field were CAA foreman E. Aleksey, composers Stanislav Lyudkevich and Anatoly Kos-Anatolsky.

Nearby, on field No. 4, are the graves of Olga s Khoruzhinsky, the wife of Ivan Franko, famous singer Solomiya Krushelnitskaya and members of her family, actors Vasily Yaremenko, Ivan Rubchak, musician T. Shukhevych, writer Ivan Beley, physicist Vasily Miliyanchuk, artists Leopold Levitsky, S. Maslyak, Abel Maria Perrier. The same field also contains two neo-Gothic tombstones of the Armenian archbishops Isaac Issakovitch and Samuel Stefanovich.

On field No. 5 there are burial places of honored Ukrainians. Buried here are members of the “Russian Trinity” Ivan Vagilevich, directors of “People’s Trade” A. Nechai and Vasily Nagorny, leader of the Ukrainian student movement Adam Kotsko, head of “Prosvita” Ivan Kivelyuk, writers Masha Pidgiryanka and Konstantina Malitskaya, doctor Maryan Panchishin, academician Vladimir Gnatyuk , historian Anton Petrushevich, artist Anton Manastyrsky and others. Prominent figures of Polish culture are also buried here: the artist Arthur Grottger, the sculptor Julian Markowski. In the same field there is the grave of the philanthropist, guardian of Armenian orphans Jozef Torosevich, the tombstone for which was made by the sculptor Edmund Jaskulski. Anton and Johann Schimser are buried nearby on field No. 11.

Figures of Ukrainian culture also rest in the fields of ancient burials. Of these, we should highlight the grave of Anton Pavetsky, editor of the first Ukrainian newspaper “Zorya Galitskaya” (field No. 7), actor Joseph Stadnik - director of the Russian Conversation theater (field No. 8), A. Partitsky, teacher, editor of the magazine “Zarya”, Yu. Medvetsky, rector of Lviv Polytechnic (field No. 19), architect I. Bazarnik (field No. 7).

In the southern part of the cemetery along the main alley and in the adjacent fields (No. 13, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54, 69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 78) there are burial places of honored Lviv residents. Writers Osip Turyansky, Anton Lototsky, Yulian Opilsky, Mikhail Pavlik, Mikhail Rudnitsky, Milena Lysyak-Rudnitskaya are buried here; scientists Maxim Muzyka, Illarion Sventsitsky, Vasily Levitsky, Vladimir Okhrimovich, Yulian Tselevich, Filaret Kolessa; architects Ivan Levinsky, Yulian Zaharievich; historians Denis Zubritsky, Isidor Sharanevich, Miron Korduba; composers Anatoly Vakhnyanin, Vladimir Ivasyuk; artists Elena Kulchitskaya, Yaroslava Muzyka, Pavel Kovzhun.

On field No. 23 there is a symbolic grave of the writer Anton Krushelnitsky and his children, who were destroyed by the Bolshevik regime in 1934-1937. On field No. 59 you can see a memorial plaque to lawyer Vladimir Starosolsky and his wife Daria. Nearby is the tomb of the Levitsky family, where Lev Levitsky, a lawyer, public figure, his daughter Galina, a talented pianist, wife of Ivan Krushelnitsky, and Yulian-Yuri Dorosh, one of the first filmmakers of Galicia, are buried.

Famous sculptors Anton Popel and Leonard Marconi are buried in field No. 57, and Lviv explorers Franciszek Jaworski and Bohdan Janusz are buried in field No. 13.

Architecture of Lychakiv Cemetery

The cemetery's area is more than 42 hectares, with about 300 thousand graves located in its 86 fields. There are more than 2 thousand tombs in the cemetery; about 500 sculptures and reliefs are installed on the graves.

The oldest surviving gravestones date from 1787 and 1797. The most ancient burials Lychakov, which have survived to this day, located on fields No. 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. In particular, on field No. 6 it is restored in the end. 1990s Chapel of the Dunin-Borkowski family, decorated with sculptures by Hartmann Witwer. The sculptor’s works also include the monuments located on field No. 10 on the graves of Juliana Zivitlich-Schragner, Joseph Schabinger and on field No. 7: M. Poninskaya-Kalinovskaya, S. Novitsky.

The main entrance to the cemetery is located from the street. Mechnikov. Here in 1875 and 1901. Neo-Gothic gates were erected. The right ones led to a small rondo, around which the burials of the most honored Lviv residents were located. Patriotic demonstrations were held at this place. At the large roundel of the Lychakiv cemetery there is a chapel of the Bachevskys, as well as five related chapels that belonged to Lviv petty bourgeois families: the Kshechunovich and Sukhodolsky, Kiselkiw, Molendzinsky, Adamsky, Morowsky and Lodinsky. In total, there are 21 chapels of Lviv aristocratic families at the Lychakiv Cemetery. The twenty-second - Counts Didushitsky (in field No. 73) - was destroyed by an artillery shot in July 1944.

The authors of the valuable monuments of the Lychakiv necropolis were a whole galaxy of sculptors and architects. These included: Hartmann Witwer, Antony, Johann and Leopold Schimser, Paul Oitele, Abel Maria Perrier, Cyprian Godebski, Paris Filippi, Julian Markowski, Antoni Kuzawa, Tadeusz Baroncz, Tomasz Dikas, Stanislaw Lewandowski, Leonard Marconi, Grigory Kuzniewicz, Tadeusz Blotnicki , Witold Ravsky, Edmund Jaskulsky, Stanislav Kazimir Ostrovsky, Luna Drexler. The creativity of these masters left monuments in Lychakovo in the styles of classicism, empire, eclecticism, secession and art deco.

The works of Anton Shimzer include three-figure sculptural compositions on the grave of the Braers, Trenkli, Weigl and Julianne with the Schabinger Nefater (field No. 10), the figure of the angel of death on the grave of Maria Catherine Chaudoir on the field No. 2, the sarcophagus of Joanna Baggofwund (field No. 14) and the Gausner family (field No. 8), monument to the governor Galicia to Franz von Hauer on field No. 7. The tombstone “Leos” (field No. 2) was made in the manner characteristic of Anton Shimzer. His brother Johann Schimser made monuments on the graves of M. Bauer and M. Schock (field No. 5), Manugevich (field No. 14), A. Stransky, E. Ilsky (field No. 15) and many others.

The legacy of Paul Oitele on Lychakiv includes 60 works. The best of them include the monument to Anton Shimzer, the grave of the Ivanovich family (field No. 2), the grave of the Oblochinsky sisters (field No. 50), the monument to Anton Tarnovsky (field No. 14), and the tombstone of the Saravelli spouses (field No. 7).

In 1896, in field No. 1, the firm of Julian Markowski, according to the design of Tadeusz Baroncz, erected a monument to Julius Ordogno, a Polish rebel, hero of the defense of Warsaw in 1831. The construction of this monument provided the field with the character of the pantheon. This field also contains one of the best tombstones of the interwar period - the crypt of the Zakreis and Truszkowski family (sculptors Jan Nalborczyk and Bronislaw Soltis).

Between the Adamski and Baczewski chapels, one of the main alleys of the cemetery begins, which covers the entire territory of the cemetery and returns to the entrance at the monument to Severin Goszczynski. At its beginning in the twentieth century. On fields No. 3, 4 and 5 and adjacent to them, a Ukrainian memorial to Lychakov was formed. In 1933, a monument to the Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko (sculptor Sergei Litvinenko) was erected here. Opposite is a monument to Markiyan Shashkevich, the founder of the new Ukrainian literature in Galicia, a member of the “Russian Trinity” (Henrik Perrier’s workshop) and Vladimir Barvinsky, writer and publicist, public figure(sculptor Stanislav Lewandowski).

To the left of field No. 11 at the beginning of the main alley there is a monument to the presbyter Gabriel Kostelnik and the tomb of the St. Jurassic Chapter, where among others lie Metropolitans Spiridon Litvinovich, Grigory Yakhimovich, Julian Sas-Kuilovsky.

The poetic tombstone of Józefa Markowska in the form of a sleeping woman, made by sculptor Julian Markowski in 1887, adorns field No. 69. The monumental “Tomb of Russian Journalists”, in which Galician-Russian writers and Muscovite journalists are buried, is located on field No. 72. The memorial “Talerhof Cross”, a symbolic grave of the victims of the Austrian repressions of 1914-1918, which passed through Talerhof - the first in the world concentration camp for civilians - located on field No. 60.

At the beginning of field No. 82 until the 1990s. there was a modest nameless memorial sign - three crosses on mass grave and the inscription “Eternal memory to them.” The executed prisoners of prison No. 1 on the street are buried in this mass grave. Lontsky. In 1995 installed here new monument(author of the project Grigory Lupii) and a memorial plaque. A little below field No. 82 there is a Streletsky cross stylized as a birch tree. Around this place were once the burial places of riflemen and foremen of the Ukrainian Galician Army who died during the Ukrainian-Polish War of 1918-1919. The cross was installed on the initiative of the Lvov “Memorial” in 1989 Executed in prison No. 2 on the street. Zamarstynovskaya were buried in a grave in her yard. In the post-war period it was razed to the ground. In 1990 the remains of the tortured prisoners were exhumed, and in 1994. reburied in the vacant space of the war memorial on the street. Mechnikov.

In July 1944, in the northern part of the Lychakiv cemetery, on the site of the so-called “Bondar cities,” a Soviet military cemetery was built for soldiers of the Red Army and NKVD units who died in the battles for Lviv during punitive expeditions against the UPA or died from wounds in military hospitals . In general, here for the period 1944-1950. 3491 people were buried. In 1974, the military cemetery, according to the reconstruction project (architect Andrei Shulyar, V. Kamenshchik, sculptor V. Boyko), was adapted as a Memorial to Soldiers of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Then individual graves were exhumed, and the remains of the dead were placed along the main alley under slabs of red and black granite. On the slabs there are inscriptions with surnames, without dates.

The Lychakiv Cemetery includes two more small military cemeteries, which arose during the time that Lviv belonged to Austria. This is a cemetery for veterans of the armed anti-Russian offensive of Polish patriots in 1830-1831, located on field No. 71, occupying a plot of 5 acres. In 1881-1916. 47 participants in the uprising were buried here. At the Lychakiv cemetery in different places About 146 of their comrades are buried. After the defeat of the January Uprising of 1863-1864. against Tsarist Russia veterans created a number of organizations that dealt with its participants. In particular, on the initiative of the Society for Mutual Aid to Participants Polish uprising 1863-1864 in the 2nd half. 1890s on the top of Lychakiv Hill, the city authorities of Lvov allocated a place for the burial of insurgents (field No. 40). 230 veterans of this uprising are buried here.

In the south-eastern part of the Lychakiv cemetery there is a memorial - Polish military graves of 1918-1920. The memorial was built according to the design of Lviv Polytechnic assistant Rudolf Indruch. The cemetery suffered significant destruction during World War II and was finally liquidated in the 1970s. Restoration of the cemetery began in the 1990s.

Nearby, on field No. 76, a memorial to the liberation struggle of the Ukrainian people is being erected. The project was carried out by a team of authors consisting of sculptors Nikolai Posikira, Dmitry Krvavich, architect. I. Gavrishkevich.

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1. Oh Lviv, wonderful, ancient, picturesque and mysterious. This is the city in which I want to live, yes, I want to live there, this is not a city, but one continuous UNESCO monument. You already know that in Lviv there is an incredibly delicious chocolate workshop, and today you will learn that a cemetery can be not just a gloomy and dull place where you will be taken at the end of your life, this place can also be a museum or rather a cozy park. To be honest, I can’t even call it a cemetery. And so, Lychakiv cemetery in Lviv. The monuments and crypts that have stood there for almost 220 years are incredibly beautiful masterpieces of sculpture and architecture, the creations of famous masters who have been protecting the memory of our ancestors from century to century.

2. Lychakiv cemetery appeared around 1786. Only the richest residents of Lvov could find peace there. Relatives, seeing off their loved ones on their last journey, clearly did not skimp on hiring famous sculptors to express their love.

3. Previously, city residents were buried in dungeons near churches, and this led to not very pleasant odors and unsanitary conditions. And only thanks to the Austrian Emperor Joseph II, in 1784, all cemeteries from the city center were moved to the outskirts. Thus, a unique Lychak cemetery appeared on the picturesque hills and terraces of ancient Lviv.

4. The Lychakiv cemetery is known not only for its beautiful crypts and tombstones, but also for the fact that many interesting stories and legends associated with famous people are buried there.

5. Representatives of noble Austrian, Polish and Ukrainian families found peace here. In this place you will find monuments to such great figures of politics and art as the poet Ivan Franko, composer Stanislav Lyudkevich, opera singer Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, actress Regina Markovskaya, historian Ivan Kripyakevich.

7. More than 400,000 graves of people of different nationalities and religions. The inscriptions on the tombstones are carved in German, Serbian, Italian, Polish, Armenian, Latin, Ukrainian, Hebrew and Russian.

8. The very first burials of Lychakov date back to 1786 and 1797. Since 1804, the cemetery has expanded greatly due to the purchase of land by private individuals. It was no longer just monuments over graves that were built, but monumental family crypts and tombs that would last for centuries.

9. At one time, in order to give the Lychakiv cemetery the appearance of a park area, in 1856, botanist Karl Bauer and Titus Tkhuzhevsky developed a unique project of alleys and paths, since then this place began to look like an open-air museum.

10. The main part of the cemetery.

11. Walking between the sculptures, it seems that you are in the other world, and against your will you begin to believe in eternal life, where it is always light, calm and peaceful.

12. Small, cozy compact crypt

18. Infrared photograph of the crypt.

19. Entrance to the other world.

21. She really looks like she’s alive.

22. The crypts are noticeably different from the rich and very rich townspeople.

23. There are many family coats of arms depicted on the crypts.

25. More than one generation of a noble Lviv family has been buried in this crypt.

26. Polish tomb.

27. A stunning monument that is carved from stone.

28. A woman mourning her family.

29. Unfortunately, many monuments are so overgrown with bushes and grass that it is even difficult to get to them.

30. Many of the sculptures are in poor condition and unkempt.

33. Many Jews are buried in this cemetery.

35. Each sculpture is very emotional in its own way.

I invite you to take a walk through the city of the dead and listen to its legends...
It was decided to devote one of the days, or rather part of the day, of our stay to a walk through the historical and cultural reserve of local significance, through the open-air museum of funerary sculpture and architecture, into the majestic European necropolis, through one of the oldest cemeteries in Europe (it is older than the Parisian one). Pere Laches and London Highgate) - according to the Lychakiv cemetery.

It’s probably worth starting to tell, or rather retell, the legends of the Lychakiv cemetery with a short historical background.

On an area of 42 hectares in 86 fields there are more than 5,000 tombs, 2,000 crypts, about 500 sculptures, 24 chapels, 5 memorials. There are over 100,000 grave structures. Each slab is a story, the architects thought through everything before the smallest details, capturing moments of sorrow in stone. The heterogeneity of the burials is evidenced by inscriptions in Polish, Armenian, German, Ukrainian and other languages.

The history of the Lychakiv cemetery begins in 1783. Then, by order of the Austrian Emperor Joseph II, burials around city churches and churches were prohibited - for sanitation purposes, of course. The old necropolises in the city center were excavated and the disturbed remains were transported to a new resting place.

At that time, no one could have foreseen that the cemetery on the outskirts of the city would become something like a beautiful landscape park, attracting mystics and romantics with its mysterious atmosphere. And it all started simply. A talented local specialist in gardening, Bauer, with the consent of the magistrate, laid roads and alleys, planted trees and flowers - that is, he turned the “field of sorrow” into a very cozy place.

Since then, the Lychakiv Cemetery, where people who died of the plague were buried before in the 15th century, has become an “elite” place of final refuge for “privileged” Lviv residents - famous politicians, priests, military men, cultural and artistic figures, as well as simply wealthy citizens.

This fact explains the presentable appearance of the huge family crypts with magnificent bas-reliefs and tombstone sculptures, many of which are real works of art. It is they, the sculptures - stone, marble, bronze - that speak to us in the language of symbols and allegories, exciting the imagination and giving rise to legends.

What, what, but legends, superstitions, sad stories there are plenty of them living here. That's the kind of place it is.

Perhaps the most unrealistic of them is about a lonely lady walking along Mechnikov Street, which stretches along the cemetery.

The Legend of the Woman Without a Face

Legend has it that one moonless night, one young rake (naturally, the history of his name has not been preserved, who would doubt it), returning home after a hot date, was attracted by a fragile female figure wandering alone along the uneven Lviv paving stones. An unheard of thing, a young lady, alone, in such a place - already anticipating a new romantic acquaintance, our young friend caught up with her and offered to take her home. “Yes, be so kind...” the woman agreed and turned around...

Oh horror, under her hood there was no... face!
The poor young man, trembling with fear, stuck to the ground, unable to utter a word, and the lady, waving her white hand goodbye to him, disappeared into the opening of the cemetery gate... Then the sound of wheels was heard - the carriage was approaching, and the young man, making sure that his legs They became wadded and they wouldn’t carry me home anymore, I was happy to “catch a taxi.” As you may have already guessed, the poor guy was unlucky again - the coachman also didn’t have a face under his hat, and the carriage disappeared with a roar behind the same cemetery gates.

Let’s not guess how much wine the young man drank the day before, or maybe, what the hell, insidious absinthe... or maybe he was distinguished by a rich imagination since childhood... but soon rumors spread throughout the city. And amazingly, there were immediately a dozen witnesses in favor, who also “saw” both the faceless lady in black and the carriage with the coachman. But there was not the slightest idea who this could be mysterious stranger... And if so, then let's leave it and return to more real personalities, which at least have names. Names carved on stone tombstones.

How Regina Markovskaya died

Regina Markovskaya. This name doesn’t tell us anything, but her tombstone, which is called the “sleeping beauty”, can be considered one of the most poetic in the cemetery.

A life-size figure of a sleeping young girl - a beautiful, serene face, her hair scattered in disarray on the pillow... Several versions of her death are told. According to one of them, Regina was a promising young actress who “got too much into her role” on stage, and died when, according to the script of the play, her heroine was supposed to die.

According to another version, she, already a married lady, fell in love with a young womanizer and took poison, unable to bear his constant infidelities.

The third, and most likely the most plausible legend is that the heart of a young woman simply could not bear the tragic loss - the death of her young sons. Both boys, seven and two years old, were buried with their mother.

Previously, there was still a stone figure of a weeping angel at the head, and then it disappeared somewhere. Mysticism, an act of vandalism? Don't know. But there are always fresh flowers on her grave - visitors are drawn here as if by a magnet...

Grotger and Monnet

A romantic aura surrounds the monument to the Polish artist Arthur Grotger, erected by his beloved Wanda Monnet.

...The Lviv point brought them together. Fifteen-year-old beauty, mother and aunt’s pupil Wanda Monnet could not believe that this talkative, witty 28-year-old man, who publicly showered her with compliments, was the same Arthur Grotger, whom all of Poland revels in. She was even more amazed that Arthur, without delaying matters, declared his love to her during the dance. However, is this really what they do on the first evening of acquaintance? How could the girl know at that moment that Grotger had already seen her before and, sensitive to female soul and beauty, decided to win her heart? The day after the ball, Arthur Grotger was already standing on the threshold of their house. Thus began a great love.

The mother and aunt with whom Wanda lived liked this energetic and sincere young man, who showed respectful attention to them too. They did not forbid their favorite to meet with him often, but when the question of engagement arose, they were not delighted. Arthur did not have enough money to provide their child with a decent future. But they didn't say no to him. It was jointly decided that Wanda would wait while Arthur earned money for the future life together. The time has come for separation.

They never got engaged to Wanda Monnet, who was madly in love with him, but even earlier, while walking together around Lychakovo, Arthur shared with his bride that this is where he would like to be buried one day.

“My dearest, you are! - Grotger wrote to his beloved from the road. - I don’t see or hear anything except you. I became a man without thoughts, life and content, if we're talking about about matters that do not affect You or my love. In a word, without You there is nothing, neither in thoughts nor in actions.”

Every week Wanda received several tender letters, and she responded with the same. But they were not destined to marry.

Arthur Grotger died at thirty in the French Pyrenees from tuberculosis. Knowing that he was very sick, although not imagining how much, Wanda Monnet was eager to be with him, trying to be with him. However, my mother and aunt, who were not experiencing the most financially, better times, they didn’t give her the amount she needed for the trip, although they could have. Bitterness and resentment towards them will not leave Wanda until the end of her life...

When the amount needed was finally in her pocket and Panna Monnet began to prepare to leave, news arrived: Arthur was gone.

"Died! - this word echoed with a cry in my thoughts, but I still did not understand to the bottom of that terrible truth, could not understand her. I lost consciousness at the sight of his letters or some of the trinkets that I received from him. I couldn't talk about him. In the end, I didn’t have anyone with... All my youth lay in the coffin...” (from the memoirs of Wanda Monnet, which are stored in the Lvovskaya scientific library named after Vasily Stefanik).

Wanda did everything to ensure that Grotger’s body was transported from the French churchyard to. Her relatives put her ring and all her letters, which Arthur took great care of, in his coffin. But Wanda never found the strength to last time look at someone whose image you will carry throughout your entire life.

It is interesting that, knowing about the strength of feelings between young people, the famous Italian sculptor Paris Filippi did not take money from Wanda Monnet for a sculptural monument on the grave of a young colleague. Moreover, Wanda Monnet made the portrait of the groom on a monument filled with various symbols herself.

It is known that four years later the girl married Grotger’s close friend, Karl Mlodnitsky, with whom she had a daughter, Marilya (later, the famous Lviv writer Marilya Volska), but until the end of her life she was often seen near Arthur’s grave, now also with her daughter, immersed in her memory and aching melancholy.

Today the oak tree reminds us of this story. According to legend, Arthur Grotger planted it in a tub as a symbol eternal love and happiness, and over time it was transplanted into the Jesuit Garden (now the Ivan Franko Park), where the tree grows to this day. The memorial corner of Arthur and Wanda in the Dome coffee shop, in the house where Wanda Monnet lived to old age, also reminds of her. The memory is cherished by the gravestone at the Lychakiv cemetery and archival materials in the Lviv Scientific Library.

But true feelings, like manuscripts, do not burn. Lvov residents still sometimes say to lovers: “They love like Arthur and Wanda.”

Couples in love say that in the deserted cemetery they sometimes see a young man and a woman walking towards them smiling, holding hands, but after a few steps they seem to melt into thin air. They say it's Arthur and Wanda who come to congratulate true love currently living.

Felix Barczewski

Nearby is the magnificent mausoleum of Felix Barczewski, at one time one of the richest magnates. The countless treasures of this kind haunted tomb robbers for a long time. But if they only knew that this tomb is the only thing left of this strange man’s enormous fortune!

Before his death, he transferred all the goods into cash and bequeathed them to philanthropy and good deeds. More than half - for annual prizes for the best works in the field of literature and history, the rest - for scholarships for students of Lviv and Krakow universities, for dowries for girls from poor families, etc. In his will, the prudent rich man indicated that none of his relatives had the right to challenge his will.

Mother and daughter

There are crypts here with a “bad” reputation, such as one of the richest tombs of Rosalia and Wanda Zamoyski. Mother and daughter died tragically in a fire in 1902. They say that you can often hear the rattling of the chains on which the coffins are suspended in the crypt... One could assume that it was a draft, but their crypt is hermetically sealed.

Wonderworker Nikolai Charnetsky

Superstitious visitors have already trodden a path to the modest tombstone of Bishop Nikolai Charnetsky. A simple Maltese cross is decorated with embroidered towels, and candles are constantly burning. This martyr totalitarian regime Even during his lifetime he was considered a saint and a miracle worker. And today Lychakov’s employees are forced from time to time to add soil to his grave, because it is constantly being taken away for talismans. People believe that it heals, helps in matters of the heart, and even... in successfully passing the session! Yes, yes, it is the students who are the “regular clients” of the deceased priest, bringing their grade books here and staining them with earth. If only we could study better... You can also often see mothers bringing terminally ill children here, hoping for a miracle. It is precisely in this case that the tongue does not dare to be ironic. Well, they say that faith really works miracles...

Bishop Kirill Stefanovich

The grave of another, Armenian bishop Samvel Kirill Stefanovich, is noteworthy; the tombstone here depicts a man stretched out to his full height on a magnificent bed. According to legend, at the age of 75, the clergyman became seriously ill, and, sensing the end was near, he ordered a tomb for himself. But when it was made, he suddenly recovered, so successfully that for another 28 years he himself looked after his own tomb, admiring his exact stone copy.

32. Grave of Bishop Kirill Stefanovich

Dr. Jozef and his dogs

Two bronze dogs, Pluto and Nero, are immortalized at the grave of Dr. Jozef Ivanovich. What's unusual about dogs? Yes, that according to all canons, animals have no place where people are buried. There is a very touching explanation for this incredible exception to the rule. The fact is that when the respected doctor died, his dogs followed the funeral procession to Lychakiv, and lay down on the grave of Mr. Jozef, refusing food and drink. Naturally, after some time the poor fellows, sad, died. Amazed by such devotion, sculptor Paolo Evtelje created this lovely sculptural group. Thus, faithful dogs and after death they protect their master...

Centenarians

On the main alley, next to the graves of prominent personalities, you can see two modest graves of unknown Polish army soldiers Francis Zaremba and Anton Pierecki. They are notable for how many years of life fate has measured out for these people - one got 112 years, the second a little less - 106 years.

Lviv Charon

The former owner of the famous Concordia company, which provided services to citizens funeral services, is buried under a monument with the inscription “Lviv Charon” on it. This comparison of oneself with the mythical carrier of the souls of the dead speaks of the peculiar sense of humor of the person lying under the stone slab. He was also remembered by the townspeople for his invention of a special “tomb hotel”, where, for a fee, the coffin with the deceased was kept until the day of the funeral.

Under the cross unwillingly

On the gravestone of the famous Soviet publicist Yaroslav Galan, known for his ardent anti-religious writings, the outlines of a Christian cross clearly appear after the rain. This mystical transformation can be explained by the fact that an old tombstone was used for his grave, the cross on which was not completely erased by a careless master.

Stone mourners

Another legend tells that some stone statues of mourners located on graves actually shed tears. However, this miracle can only be noticed in the early morning, before the dew has dried. This metamorphosis is explained by the fact that ancient sculptors created a system of invisible grooves in the stone, through which dew or rainwater accumulated overnight could flow out of specially made holes in the area of the eyes of the statues.

Much more such legends would probably have survived if not for one barbaric resolution of the Lviv magistrate in the middle of the 19th century, namely, the installation of a stone crusher in the cemetery. Indiscriminately and without regret, she ground monuments and tombstones into small pebbles, which were then used to compact the alleys. Moreover, the central gates of the necropolis were later built from these stones. Those graves were destroyed for which no one cared for for 25 years and no one paid fees to Lychakov’s administration. New burials were allowed in their place. Thus, not many three-hundred-year-old tombstones have survived to this day...

But this barbarity cannot be compared with what began with the advent of Soviet power in 1939. The cemetery was open for mass graves. Since then, simple granite slabs have been in sharp dissonance with the elegant necropolis monuments of the past. But the most outrageous thing is the unprecedented looting and vandalism. Most of the old crypts were gutted in search of treasures of “bourgeois enemies of the people.” Just then, a very popular story was that an entire family of Polish magnates was buried in gold shoes. Every morning, cemetery employees found open coffins with remains right on the paths... And the fences of most graves became the prey of hunters for non-ferrous metals.

This disgrace continued until the Lychakiv necropolis was given museum status in 1990. Since then, the “city of the dead” has accepted new “tenants” only as an extreme exception. So, a few years ago, composers Vladimir Ivasyuk, the author of the “Rue of Hearts” and Igor Bilozir, the brutally murdered journalist Georgy Gongadze, whose severed head, by the way, was never found, were buried there...

As mentioned above, many famous people are buried at the Lychakiv cemetery.

39. Among the stone angels, madonnas and crosses on Lychakiv, you often come across very unusual tombstones. For example, a bronze figure ancient Orpheus with a lyre on a famous grave opera singer Solomiya Krushelnitskaya (the Lviv Opera House is named after her).

40. The image of the Titan-Prometheus, the “stonecutter,” who keeps hammering away at the rock, apparently trying to reach out to us, the descendants, at the final resting place of the great Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko.

41. Grave of composer Vladimir Ivasyuk, author of “Chervona Ruta”

42. Little is known about this grave; in addition, the young guys died in a car accident

43. Viktor Chukarin (1921-1984) – athlete-gymnast who survived a fascist concentration camp; absolute world champion, XV and XVI Olympic Games.

44. Honorary Citizen

45. If I’m not mistaken, the grave of one of the city leaders.

The Cemetery of the Defenders of Lviv is located on a separate site. The Polish defenders of Lvov, who died during the Polish-Ukrainian War (1918−1919) in battles against units of the Western Ukrainian People's Republic, are buried here.

48. Nearby is the Memorial of Lviv Eaglets - according to the heroic name of the young Polish militia “Lviv Eaglets”, who took part in the defense of the city with weapons in their hands, including taking up defense directly at the Lychakiv cemetery, where many of them died and were buried.

51. Victims of communist repression and the Holodomor are buried in this part

56. And more recently, a cemetery for the fallen in eastern Ukraine.