"Snow Maiden" and oral folk art. Folklore elements of the “Snow Maiden”

"The Snow Maiden" was written by Ostrovsky based on material. oral folk art. The playwright gives the play the subtitle ^ “Spring Tale” and explains: “The action takes place in St. * Berendeev in prehistoric times" In the play, as in a fairy tale, Spring-Red, Grandfather Frost, Leshy, Eda Lenitsa, and the heroine herself act alongside people - Snegurochka, daughter of Frost and Spring. And the Country of the Berendeys is not exactly a fairy-tale place. Everything that happens in " spring fairy tale"Ostrovsky, is the early period of the life of the Russian people, the memory of which they preserve in legends and songs that have survived from hoary antiquity. Ostrovsky did not invent the very name “Berendey”: under ancient city In Pereyaslavl-Zalessky the Berendeevo swamp stretches to this day, in the place of which, according to legend, there was a Berendeevo kingdom. The village of Berendeevo still exists 100 km from Sergiev Posad. Dahl in his " Explanatory dictionary alive Great Russian language" we read: "... 50 versts from the village of Berendeev, famous toys, people, and animals are cut from wood; in the trade they are called Berendeyks.” The name of the fairy-tale Tsar Berendey is well known to the Russian people, although there was no such person in history. The fantasy of the playwright created the “wise father” of his people. Berendey is real fairy tale king, but in the features of his people - the Berendeys - Ostrovsky showed the beauty and strength of the Russian national character. Admiring folk games Kupala night, Tsar Berendey fairly judges: The generous people are great in everything - they will not interfere with idleness: they will work so hard, dance and sing so much - until you drop. In dances and songs one can feel life force, the creative vigor of the people, their ability to devote themselves to work as selflessly as they now devote themselves to fun. But Ostrovsky forces Tsar Berendey to listen to other songs of the people. The prophetic guslar elders sing sternly and menacingly. What rings to me at dawn from afar? I hear trumpets and the neighing of horses. The paths groan dully under the hooves. Steel helmets are drowning in the gray mists, Ringed armor rattles loudly, Awakening flocks of birds across the steppes. a formidable and stern song about the military defense of one’s native land and long-distance campaigns with the aim of defending its borders from the “natives” and “natives. Listening to the song of the guslars, one cannot help but remember Igor’s campaign,” from where Ostrovsky borrowed a lot when creating this song. His Berendeys - the Russian people, peaceful at work, cheerful at work, but stern and formidable in the hour of defending their homeland from enemies. The theme of love for Rus' warms the entire “Snegurochka”, this is a poetic story about early period the life of our people, when they still honored the sun - Yarila. In Ostrovsky's fairy tale, authentic Rus' sounds, its legends, tales, heroes and the very spirit of the people. The image of Lelya is interesting. This is one I3 best images Russian drama: reverent and gentle, clear and cheerful, living in harmony with oneself and nature. The Snow Maiden in Ostrovsky’s program is kindness and tenderness itself, but her feelings are still dormant, the soul does not perceive the world. And only by opening her heart to people, she feels happiness and burns in this ecstatic fire. But what is wrong with me: bliss or death? What a delight! What a feeling of languor! Oh, Mother Spring... thank you for the joy, for the sweet gift of love! What languishing bliss flows through me! O Lel, There are enchanting songs in your ears, There is fire in your eyes... and in your heart... and in your blood. There is fire in everything. I love and melt, melt from the sweet feelings of love. Ostrovsky managed to convey the very music of folk tales, the aesthetics of the folk understanding of love. The Snow Maiden knows that love will destroy her, but she does not want to live insensitive and does not want to be the cause of Mizgir’s death. In “The Snow Maiden,” Ostrovsky, a great poet, a master of Russian verse, conveyed the very essence of the folk song, and he also used authentic folk songs, for example, “And we sowed millet...”. This beautiful fairy tale became a vivid embodiment of the talent of the Russian people and their singer - A. N. Ostrovsky

The village of Berendeevo still exists 100 km from Sergiev Posad. In Dahl’s “Explanatory Dictionary of the Living Great Russian Language” we read: “. 50 versts from the village of Berendeev, famous toys, people, and animals are cut from wood; in the trade they are called Berendeyks.” The name of the fairy-tale Tsar Berendey is well known to the Russian people, although there was no such person in history. The fantasy of the playwright created the “wise father” of his people.

Berendey is a real fairy-tale king, but in the features of his people - the Berendeys - Ostrovsky showed the beauty and strength of the Russian national character. Admiring the folk games of the Kupala night, Tsar Berendey rightly judges: The generous people are great in everything - they will not interfere with idleness: they will work so hard, dance and sing so much - until you drop. In the dances and songs one can feel the vitality, creative vigor of the people, their ability to devote themselves to work just as selflessly as they now devote themselves to fun. But Ostrovsky forces Tsar Berendey to listen to other songs of the people. The prophetic guslar elders sing sternly and menacingly. What rings to me at dawn from afar? I hear trumpets and the neighing of horses. The paths groan dully under the hooves. Steel helmets are drowning in the gray mists, Ringed armor rattles loudly, Awakening flocks of birds across the steppes. a formidable and stern song about the military defense of his native land - long campaigns to defend its borders from our "nomads". Listening to the song of the guslars, one cannot help but remember Igor's regiment, from which Ostrovsky borrowed a lot - creating this song. His Berendeys - the Russian people, peaceful at work, cheerful at work, but stern and formidable in the hour of defending their homeland from enemies. The theme of love for Rus' warms the entire “Snegurochka”, this is a poetic narrative about the early period of the life of our people, when they still revered the sun - To Yarilu. In Ostrovsky’s fairy tale, true Rus' sounds, its legends, tales, heroes and the very spirit of the people.

The image of Lelya is interesting. This is one of the best images of Russian drama: reverent and gentle, clear and cheerful, living in harmony with oneself and nature. The Snow Maiden in Ostrovsky’s program is kindness and tenderness itself, but her feelings are still dormant, her soul does not perceive the world around her. And only by opening her heart to people, she feels happiness and burns in this ecstatic fire. But what is wrong with me: bliss or death? What a delight! What a feeling of languor! Oh Mother Spring. thank you for the joy, for the sweet gift of love! What languishing bliss flows through me! O Lel, There are enchanting songs in your ears, There is fire in your eyes. and in the heart. and there is fire in the blood. I love and melt, melt from the sweet feelings of love. Ostrovsky managed to convey the very music of folk tales, the aesthetics of the folk understanding of love.

The Snow Maiden knows that love will destroy her, but she does not want to live insensitive and does not want to be the cause of Mizgir’s death. In “The Snow Maiden,” Ostrovsky, a great poet, a master of Russian verse, conveyed the very essence of the folk song, and he also used genuine folk songs, for example, “And we sowed millet.” This beautiful fairy tale has become a vivid embodiment of the talent of the Russian people and their singer - A. N. Ostrovsky

Dec. 1:
Ostrovsky's work "The Snow Maiden" is amazing fairy tale, which shows the beauty of the surrounding world, love, nature, youth. The work is based on folk tales, songs, traditions and legends. Ostrovsky only combined fairy tales, legends and songs together and gave folk art a very unique flavor. In “The Snow Maiden” the main place is occupied by human relations. At first glance, the plot looks absolutely fantastic. But then it turns out that living human characters are visible in this phantasmagoria.

Where did the Snow Maiden come from? There is still no exact answer. But there are many options for its origin.

Image fairy tale heroine Snow Maidens formed in the popular consciousness gradually over the centuries. It originally appeared in Russian folk tales as the image of an ice girl - a granddaughter, who was molded from snow by a childless old man and old woman as a consolation for themselves, and for the joy of people. However, there is an assumption that the fairy tale about the Snow Maiden arose on the basis of the ancient Slavic funeral rite of Kostroma. And this means we can say that Kostroma is not just the birthplace of the Snow Maiden - she is that same Snow Maiden.

Kostroma was depicted in different ways: it was either a young woman wrapped in white, holding an oak branch in her hands, walking accompanied by a round dance, or a straw effigy of a woman. Kostroma means game character and the game itself, at the end of which Kostroma gets sick and dies, and then gets up and dances. The final episode of the game and ritual, the death and subsequent resurrection of Kostroma, gave rise to the perception of the image of Kostroma as a seasonal spirit (spirit of vegetation), which makes it similar to the image of the Snow Maiden.

In the fairy tale “The Snow Maiden Girl” by V.I. Dahl, an old man and an old woman watched other people’s children, “how they rolled lumps out of snow and played snowballs” and decided to mold themselves a daughter. “The old man brought a lump of snow to the hut, put it in a pot, covered it with a rag and put it on the window. The sun rose, warmed the pot, and the snow began to melt.” This is how the girl appeared, “as white as a snowball and as round as a lump.”

The fairy-tale Snow Maiden melts, jumping with her friends over a big hot fire, and turns into a small cloud flying into the sky.

Over time, the image of the heroine transformed in the popular consciousness: the Snow Maiden becomes the granddaughter of Father Frost and is associated with the Christmas and New Year holidays.

Snow Maiden - clean Russian phenomenon and nowhere else in the world does such a character appear during the New Year and Christmas holidays.

The image takes on a new color under the influence of A. N. Ostrovsky’s spring fairy tale “The Snow Maiden”. From a little girl – a granddaughter – the heroine turns into a beautiful girl, capable of lighting the hearts of young Berendeys with a warm feeling of love.
The action takes place in a fabulous place - the kingdom of Berendey. Describing the laws of this country, Ostrovsky seems to paint his ideal of social order. In the kingdom of Berendey, people live according to the laws of conscience and honor, trying not to provoke the wrath of the gods. It's very great importance given beauty. The beauty of the surrounding world, the beauty of girls, flowers, songs are appreciated. It is no coincidence that the singer of love Lel turns out to be so popular. He seems to personify youth, ardor, ardor.

Tsar Berendey symbolizes folk wisdom. He has lived a lot in the world, so he knows a lot. The king is worried about his people; it seems to him that something evil appears in the hearts of people:

In the hearts of people I noticed that I was cooling

Considerable; fervor of love

I haven’t seen the Berendeys for a long time.

The service of beauty has disappeared in them;

I don’t see the youth’s eyes,

Moistened with enchanting passion;

I don’t see maidens who are thoughtful, deeply

Sighing. On the eyes with wisps

There is no sublime melancholy of love,

But we see completely different passions:

Vanity, envy of other people's outfits

And so on.

What values does Tsar Berendey think about? He is not worried about money and power. He cares for the hearts and souls of his subjects. By painting the Tsar this way, Ostrovsky wants to show an ideal picture of a fairy-tale society. Only in a fairy tale can people be so kind, noble and honest. And this intention of the writer in depicting a fabulous ideal reality warms the reader’s soul, makes him think about the beautiful and sublime.

Indeed, the fairy tale “The Snow Maiden” is read with enthusiasm at any age. And after reading it, the thought appears about the value of such human qualities, like spiritual beauty, fidelity and love. Ostrovsky talks about love in many of his works.

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FEDERAL EDUCATION AGENCY

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

"ALTAI STATE PEDAGOGICAL ACADEMY"

FACULTY OF PHILOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF THEORY, HISTORY AND METHODS OF TEACHING LITERATURE

‹‹Snow Maiden›› A. N. Ostrovsky and folk tale

According to the course ‹‹ Oral folk art››

1st year students of group 203 Kholmetskaya N.P.

Barnaul 2010

Ostrovsky's work "The Snow Maiden" is an amazing fairy tale that shows the beauty of the surrounding world, love, nature, and youth. The work is based on folk tales, songs, traditions and legends. Ostrovsky only combined fairy tales, legends and songs together and gave folk art a very unique flavor. In The Snow Maiden, human relationships occupy the main place. At first glance, the plot looks absolutely fantastic. But then it turns out that living human characters are visible in this phantasmagoria.

Where did the Snow Maiden come from? There is still no exact answer. But there are many options for its origin.

The image of a fairy-tale heroine Snow Maidens formed in the popular consciousness gradually over the centuries. It originally appeared in Russian folk tales as the image of an ice girl - a granddaughter, who was molded from snow by a childless old man and old woman as a consolation for themselves, and for the joy of people. However, there is an assumption that the fairy tale about the Snow Maiden arose on the basis of the ancient Slavic funeral rite of Kostroma. And this means we can say that Kostroma is not just the birthplace of the Snow Maiden - she is that same Snow Maiden.

Kostroma was depicted in different ways: it was either a young woman wrapped in white, holding an oak branch in her hands, walking accompanied by a round dance, or a straw effigy of a woman. Kostroma means the game character and the game itself, at the end of which Kostroma gets sick and dies, and then gets up and dances. The final episode of the game and ritual, the death and subsequent resurrection of Kostroma, gave rise to the perception of the image of Kostroma as a seasonal spirit (spirit of vegetation), which makes it similar to the image of the Snow Maiden.

The fairy-tale Snow Maiden melts, jumping with her friends over a big hot fire, and turns into a small cloud flying into the sky.

Over time, the image of the heroine transformed in the popular consciousness: the Snow Maiden becomes the granddaughter of Father Frost and is associated with the Christmas and New Year holidays.

The Snow Maiden is a purely Russian phenomenon and nowhere else in the world does such a character appear during the New Year and Christmas holidays.

The action takes place in a fabulous place - the kingdom of Berendey. Describing the laws of this country, Ostrovsky seems to paint his ideal of social order. In the kingdom of Berendey, people live according to the laws of conscience and honor, trying not to provoke the wrath of the gods. Beauty is very important here. The beauty of the surrounding world, the beauty of girls, flowers, songs are appreciated. It is no coincidence that the singer of love Lel turns out to be so popular. He seems to personify youth, ardor, ardor.

Tsar Berendey symbolizes folk wisdom. He has lived a long time in the world, so he knows a lot. The king is worried about his people; it seems to him that something evil appears in the hearts of people:

In the hearts of people I noticed that I was cooling

Considerable; fervor of love

I haven’t seen the Berendeys for a long time.

The service of beauty has disappeared in them;

I don’t see the youth’s eyes,

Moistened with enchanting passion;

I don’t see maidens who are thoughtful, deeply

Sighing. On the eyes with wisps

There is no sublime melancholy of love,

But we see completely different passions:

Vanity, envy of other people's outfits

And so on.

Indeed, the fairy tale “The Snow Maiden” is read with enthusiasm at any age. And after reading it, the thought appears about the value of such human qualities as spiritual beauty, fidelity and love. Ostrovsky talks about love in many of his works.

But in “The Snow Maiden” the conversation is conducted in a very special way. In the form of a fairy tale, the reader is presented with great truths about the enduring value of love.

The ideal kingdom of the Berendeys lives so happily precisely because they know how to appreciate love. That is why the gods are so merciful to the Berendeys. And it only takes breaking the law, insulting the great feeling of love, for something terrible to happen.

I've been living for a long time, and the old order

Quite well known to me. Berendey,

Beloved by the gods, they lived honestly.

Without fear, we entrusted our daughter to the guy,

A wreath for us is a guarantee of their love

And loyalty to death. And never once

The wreath was not desecrated by treason,

And the girls knew no deception,

They knew no resentment.

It is no coincidence that Mizgir’s betrayal of Kupava resonated with pain in everyone around him. Everyone took the guy’s ignoble behavior as a personal insult:

Everyone is offended,

Offense to all Berendey girls!

In the kingdom, simple but beautiful relationships have been developing between people for a long time. The deceived girl Kupava, first of all, turns to the protector king with a request to punish the culprit of her grief. And having learned all the details from Kupava and those around him, the king makes his verdict: the culprit must be punished. What punishment does the king choose? He orders Mizgir to be driven out of sight. It is in exile that the Berendeys see the most terrible punishment for a guilty person

Honest people, worthy of the death penalty

His fault; but in our way

There are no bloody laws; may the gods

They execute him according to his crime,

And we are the people's court of Mizgir

We condemn you to eternal exile.

There are no bloody laws in the kingdom. This could only happen in a fairy tale created by the writer’s imagination. And this humanity makes the kingdom of the Berendeys even more beautiful and pure.

The figure of the Snow Maiden is remarkable. She is completely different from everyone around her. Snow Maiden - fairy tale character. She is the daughter of Frost and Spring. That is why the Snow Maiden is a very contradictory creature. The coldness in her heart is the legacy of her father, the stern and gloomy Frost. For a long time The Snow Maiden lives in the wilderness of the forest, and her mansion is carefully guarded by her stern father. But, as it turned out, the Snow Maiden resembles not only her father, but also her mother, the beautiful and kind Spring. That is why she was tired of living alone, locked up. She wants to see real human life, experience all its beauty, take part in girlish fun, listen to the wonderful songs of the shepherd Lelya. "Life is not a joy without songs."

The way the Snow Maiden describes human life shows her genuine admiration for human joys. Cold heart fairytale girl does not yet know love and human feelings, but nevertheless she is already attracted and attracted by the fascinating world of people. The girl realizes that she can no longer remain in the kingdom of ice and snow. She wants to find happiness, and perhaps this, in her opinion, only in the kingdom of the Berendeys. She says to her mother:

Mom, happiness

I will find it, or not, but I will look.

The Snow Maiden amazes people with her beauty. The family in which the Snow Maiden finds herself wants to take advantage of the girl’s beauty for their personal enrichment. They beg her to accept the courtship of the rich Berendeys. They cannot appreciate the girl who has become their named daughter.

The Snow Maiden seems more beautiful, more modest and gentler than all the girls around her. But she does not know love, so she cannot respond to ardent human feelings. There is no warmth in her soul, and she looks distantly at the passion that Mizgir feels for her. A creature that does not know love evokes pity and surprise. It is no coincidence that no one can understand the Snow Maiden: neither the Tsar nor any of the Berendeys.

The Snow Maiden attracts others so much precisely because of her coldness. She seems like a special girl, for whom you can give everything in the world, and even life itself. At first the girl is indifferent to everyone around her. Gradually she begins to experience some feelings for the shepherd Lelya. This is not love yet, but it’s already hard for the icy beauty to see the shepherd with Kupava:

Kupava,

Homewrecker! This is your word;

She herself called me a homewrecker,

You yourself are the one who separates you from Lel.

Shepherd Lel rejects the Snow Maiden, and she decides to beg her mother for ardent love. The kind that burns the human heart and makes you forget about everything in the world:

The Snow Maiden is deceived, offended, and killed.

O mother, Red Spring!

I am running to you with a complaint and a request:

I ask for love, I want to love.

Give the Snow Maiden your girl's heart, mom!

Give me my love or take my life!

Spring gives her daughter a feeling of love, but this gift can be disastrous for the Snow Maiden. Spring is tormented by heavy forebodings, because the Snow Maiden is her daughter. Love turns out to be tragic for the heroine. But without love, life loses all meaning. The Snow Maiden cannot cope with the desire to become the same as all the people around her. Therefore, she decides to neglect the precepts of her father, who warned her against the disastrous consequences of human passion.

The Snow Maiden in love becomes surprisingly touching. It opens up for her the whole world, completely unknown to her previously. Now she understands all those who experience love languor. She answers Mizgir by agreeing to become his wife. But Mizgir is not able to give up his intention to appear before all the Berendeys with his bride, considering the beauty’s fears a whim.

The first bright rays of the sun kill the Snow Maiden.

But what about me? bliss or death?

What a delight! What a feeling of languor!

Oh Mother Spring, thank you for the joy,

For the sweet gift of love! What bliss

The languishing flows within me! Oh Lel,

Your enchanting songs are in my ears,

There is fire in the eyes... and in the heart... and in the blood

There's fire all over. I love and melt, melt

From the sweet feelings of love. Goodbye everyone

Girlfriends, goodbye groom! Oh darling

The Snow Maiden's last look to you.

Mizgir cannot accept the death of his beloved, so he throws himself high mountain. But the death of the Snow Maiden seems to the Berendeys to be something natural. The Snow Maiden was alien to the warmth of her soul, so it was difficult for her to find her happiness among people.

OSTROVSKY INNOVATION TABLE:

Ritual

Example from the text

Innovation

1. Maslenitsa(farewell to winter)

Yarilino festival(Lethe's victory)

Myth: the fairy tale about the Snow Maiden, which was based on the plot by A.N. Ostrovsky, reflects the ancient ritual of sacrificing a girl to the spring gods. The Snow Maiden is a kind of sacrifice to the fiery sun god.

In the distance there are shouts: “Honest Maslenitsa!”

“At the top of the mountain the fog clears for a few moments and Yarilo appears..."

Stylization of myth. Instead of a plot about a dying god, with whose death the forces of chaos triumph, and his resurrection, the restoration

Having an orderly and favorable cosmos (order of things) for people, A.N. Ostrovsky creates his own version of the myth: God (Yarilo) does not die, but gets angry. Nature declines, God takes revenge, restores the order he pleases and returns his mercy to people (similar to ancient myth about Demeter).

2. Wedding ceremony.

hen-party

Act 1 Event 6

There are no notes of melancholy or hopeless grief: “A free marriage does not tolerate coercion.” In “The Snow Maiden” we see joy a bride who independently chose her groom. The bride (Kupava), whose actions must be guided by other participants in the ritual, herself conducts the ceremony.

A.N. Ostrovsky called his play “a spring fairy tale.” N. Rimsky-Korsakov also calls his opera “The Snow Maiden” a spring fairy tale. The play is structured according to the laws of a fairy tale (based on the maps of V.Ya. Propp). Fairytale motifs can be traced in the play.

Elements of a fairy tale	Example from the text
1. Miraculous birth.	Snegurochka is the daughter of Frost and Spring.
2. Magic children are hidden in a dungeon or mansion.	“There is no way for anyone on foot or on horseback to enter her tower.”
	“Yarilo will burn her, incinerate her, melt her, I don’t know how, but it will kill. How long Her soul is pure as a child, He has no power to harm the Snow Maiden.” “Snow Maiden, run away from Lelya!”
4. Violation of the ban.	The Snow Maiden leaves for the world of people
5. One’s own – someone else’s world.	Forest (one's own world) – Sloboda (another world)
6. Tests.	The Snow Maiden faces the test of human indifference (old man Bobyl, old woman Bobylikha, residents of Sloboda). Snow Maiden's test love.
7. Magic giver. A magical gift.	Spring (mother) gives the Snow Maiden a wreath of “bewitching enchanting flowers.” According to the fairytale motif, the Snow Maiden fell in love with the first person she met - Mizgir.
8. “Savior.”	Mizgir: he must rescue the Snow Maiden from the captivity of Frost and, obviously, save her from the threat of Yarila and his cruel rays. But Mizgir’s goal is not to deliver the Snow Maiden, but to possess her and save himself. Marriage will save Mizgir from the royal wrath.
9. Wedding.	Wedding didn't take place. The Snow Maiden dies. A warm heart beat inside the Snow Maiden, but it cost her her life.

“The Snow Maiden” contains all the compositional and stylistic elements of a folk tale: the beginning (the motive of a miraculous birth, the motive of the imprisonment of the royal children in the mansion, the ban on the Sun, absence, violation of the ban), the test of the hero - the denouement (punishment of the false hero and the reward/marriage of the true one) and

All types of heroes active in folk tales: the seeker hero (Snegurochka), the giver (Spring), the savior hero (Mizgir). However, Ostrovsky, without violating the compositional and stylistic functions, rethinks them, fills them with modern content, and subordinates them to the solution of aesthetic and moral problems.

A.N. Ostrovsky, thus, unlike a folk tale, transfers the conflict of the work to an internal psychological plane. If in a folk tale the test of the hero is to fight against dark forces, against the forces of evil, then in the “spring fairy tale” Ostrovsky shows the confrontation between “hot” and “cold” feelings in the soul of the Snow Maiden

The connection between the folk tale The Snow Maiden and Ostrovsky’s play:

1. In “The Snow Maiden,” a characteristic feature of the fantastic move, as in a folk tale, is the dependence of fictional situations and images on the idea that underlies the fairy tale.

Ostrovsky, trying to embody the poetic concept, completely transfers the action into the fantastic fantasy he created. fairy world, in the Berendey kingdom. Moreover, the mixture of the real and the fantastic in the depiction of life does not lead to a departure from reality in The Snow Maiden. The deep truth of the fairy tale is organically combined with specific artistic forms, in which the main idea of the fairy tale is expressed - the idea of the victory of new moral norms.

2. In Ostrovsky’s fairy tale, as in the folk tale, the characters are clearly opposed: on the one hand, Snegurochka and Mizgir, on the other, Kupava and Lel. In a fantastic sense, Frost and Spring are contrasted. In contrast to the folk tale, Ostrovsky builds the conflict of the play by contrasting characters, deepening the idea of the confrontation between heat and cold, and transfers the conflict into the area of moral relations.

3. Remnants of ritual magic, coinciding with the nature of magical actions in the fairy tale, are reproduced in Ostrovsky’s “The Snow Maiden,” as in many fairy tales. If in a folk tale the strict regulation of a folk holiday is violated, the magical side of actions and words ceases to be felt, then Ostrovsky perceives rituals in all their significance, and, transferring their ideas to the modern world, leaves behind the rituals their original function: with the help of magical actions and words - spells to influence the forces of nature. Ostrovsky uses the ritual not as a background or source of quotation, but gives the ritual an independent, action-forming meaning. Moreover, the playwright subjects the ritual to complex artistic processing and, without destroying the integrity of the ritual, introduces it into the fabric of the work, subordinating it to the solution of topical issues, the task of establishing ideals. This use of ritual differs from the use of rituals in folk tales and in famous literary tales in folklore basis(V. Shakespeare, A. Pushkin, N. Go-gol).

The denouement in the fairy tale by A.N. is unusual. Ostrovsky. The playwright modifies the function of the hero-savior, subordinating it to the task of the work: to show the triumph of the true and the defeat false norms morality. Mizgir’s goal is not to save the girl, as is usually the case in fairy tales, but to save himself. Realizing that he was the culprit in the death of his beloved, Mizgir throws himself into the lake. A righteous judgment has taken place. The love bestowed by the gods burned and incinerated the Snow Maiden and destroyed Mizgir.

Having filled the central motif of the death of the Snow Maiden, borrowed from a folk tale, with new content, Ostrovsky managed to transfer from the fairy tale that life-affirming principle that determined the spring tone of the play, associated with the revival of nature and the ardent feelings of the Berendeys and was expressed in the creation of a new original genre - the “spring fairy tale”.

A Spring Tale by A.N. Ostrovsky was highly appreciated by A.I. Goncharov and I.S. Turgenev, however, many responses from contemporaries were sharply negative. The playwright was reproached for moving away from social issues and “progressive ideals.” Thus, the caustic critic V.P. Burenin complained about the emerging gravity of A.N. Ostrovsky to the false, “ghostly and meaningless” images of the Snow Maidens, Lelya, Mizgirey. In the great Russian playwright, criticism wanted to see, first of all, an exposer of the “dark kingdom.”

It is not surprising that the theatrical production of The Snow Maiden by the Moscow Maly Theater (May 11, 1873) actually failed. Despite the fact that all three troupes were involved in the performance: drama, opera and ballet, and the music for it was written by P.I. Tchaikovsky, despite the use of technical wonders: moving clouds, electric lighting, gushing fountains hiding the disappearance of the “melting” Snow Maiden in the hatch, was mostly criticized for the play. The public, like the critics, was not ready for the poetic pirouette of the author of “The Thunderstorm” and “The Deep.” Only at the beginning of the twentieth century did the dramatic plan of A.N. Ostrovsky was appreciated. A.P. Lensky, who staged The Snow Maiden in September 1900 in Moscow, noted: “Ostrovsky would have had more than enough imagination to fill his fairy tale to the brim with native devilry. But he, apparently, deliberately saved the fantastic elements, saved in order not to overshadow the enchantment of another, more complex element - the poetic one.”

LIST OF REFERENCES USED:

A. Afanasyev. Poetic views of the Slavs on nature. M., 1994. T. I. P. 439

B. Rybakov. Paganism of the ancient Slavs. M., 2002. P. 382

Russian folk tales by A.N. Afanasyev. M., 1984

Ostrovsky. Collected works. M., 1992.

ADDITIONAL RESOURCES:

To prepare this work, materials were used from the site http://www.coolsoch.ru/