The problem of loneliness in literature. Ege Russian language

In the texts for preparing for the exam in the Russian language, the problem of loneliness is often raised. All its faces were highlighted by us in the process painstaking work. Each of them corresponds to the arguments from the literature. All of them are available for download, the link is at the end of the article.

1. Often people cannot understand those who have the opposite opinion. Main character novel by I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons" doomed to loneliness because of his views on the world. Evgeny Bazarov is a nihilist. For his time, such a position was something radical. Even now in modern society love, family, religion, etc. are valued. The denial of such values ​​leads to the fact that a person can be considered crazy. Of course, Bazarov has many followers. But, in the end, we see that even his friend Arkady, in the end, abandons these views. Feeling a misunderstanding, Bazarov leaves for his village, where he dies. And only parents come to his grave.
2. Many writers have tried to cover the theme of loneliness. M.Yu. Lermontov in the novel "A Hero of Our Time" tells us about the fate of a completely lonely person in the soul. Pechorin was born into a rich and well-born family, he was handsome and smart, and also surrounded by many women and fake friends. But he never really tried to get close to them. It seemed to Gregory that his whole existence was meaningless. He did not see interest in the personalities around him, and in the whole world as a whole. Pechorin often thinks about life, trying to understand his suffering. Experiencing pain, he repeatedly caused it to other people, always remaining alone.
3. Many of us are afraid to stand out with something, because sometimes it ends with condemnation from society. Yes, in comedy "Woe from Wit", A. S. Griboyedov talks about the life of a misunderstood person. The protagonist is endowed with the features of an honest, independent thinker and even a prophet: he predicts an inevitable collapse of the world of the Moscow nobility, because it is based on lies and pretense. Alexander Chatsky is trying to fight the injustice of this world. He refuses to build a career in Russia because of the corrupt system and opposes serfdom. However, his views are not accepted in " Famus society where money and social status. The hero is not accepted and considered crazy. And Sophia's betrayal forces him to leave the Famusovs' house forever. And so it happened that the desire for truth and justice led Alexander to the fact that he became a stranger in his homeland.

Forced loneliness

1. We never want to feel alone. However, circumstances often decide for us. Yes, and in the work M. Sholokhov "The fate of man" Andrey Sokolov remains alone against his will. Members of his family die in the war. First, the wife and daughters are killed by a shell that fell on their house. Then, at the end of a terrible, tragic war, his son also dies, shot by a sniper's bullet. On the ninth of May, when for many the carnage was over. Eventually, main character left without relatives and without a home. Alone in this world. At the end of the story, Vanya gives Andrey strength for life, a little boy left without parents. Sokolov takes him into his care, saving another lonely soul.
2. Loneliness is inherently scary, especially when it is forced. Samson Vyrin, main character stories by A.S. Pushkin " Stationmaster» , lives happily with her daughter until Dunya runs away from home, leaving her poor father. For four years, loneliness instantly ages the hero, turns him from a lively and vigorous man into a frail old man. The desire to see his daughter makes Samson walk to St. Petersburg. But there he receives only the contempt of the groom. Seeing her father, the girl faints. Because of this, the old caretaker is driven out of the new life of his own daughter. So without seeing his daughter again, Samson dies. And Dunya realizes the gravity of his act, only standing on his father's grave.

Loneliness as a lifestyle

1. Sometimes a person creates an atmosphere of loneliness for himself. Central characternovel by I.A. Goncharov "Oblomov" is one of the brightest characters in Russian literature. His life is limited to the aisles of one room. Ilya prefers to lie on the couch, sleep and occasionally call his servant, rather than rotate in society in search of profitable connections and pleasant entertainment. Many people visit the hero, including his friend Stolz, who is trying to get Oblomov out of the house. But does the hero need it? For himself, Ilya Ilyich had long decided that a lonely, unencumbered existence was much more convenient and calmer for him.
2. “Whoever lived and thought, he cannot but despise people in his soul” - this is what the main character said novel by A. S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin". He sees no point in his existence. For a secular rake, the life of other people is not interesting, but his own does not give much pleasure either. He has all the resources to live happily: money, friends, going to the theater and the attention of ladies. However, instead, the hero prefers to suffer and still hopes to find a worthy entertainment. Behind long years Eugene lost the feeling of love for his neighbors. By his behavior, he destroys Lensky and Tatiana, not suspecting that by doing so he destroys himself.

Loneliness in fame

1. Often we hear from the stars of show business that they are lonely. But this is hard to believe when a person has fame and money, when a lot of people love you. Tried to raise this issue Jack London in Martin Eden. Until the main character became famous and got rich, no one wanted to communicate with him. Many did not believe in him, considered the hero a loser. No one supported him in his creative endeavors. Even the hero's lover, Ruth, turned her back on him. However, when fame came to Martin, and everyone began to talk about him, they immediately began to invite him to visit, to show attention. Even Ruth tried to return to him with a plea for forgiveness. But Martin understood that it meant nothing to him anymore. He knew that he had not changed since that time and continued to feel alone. And the world around him became disgusting.
2. Great opportunities do not save a person from loneliness. Thinking about it D. Keyes in "Flowers for Algernon". Charlie Gordon at the beginning of the novel appears to the reader as a feeble-minded person whom everyone ridicules. Scientists offer him an operation to improve his intellectual abilities. After her, Charlie Gordon becomes smarter and smarter. As he develops, he realizes that his work friends were actually bullying him, and not showing friendly concern, as he previously thought. Moreover, “smart” Charlie is still misunderstood by people, exposing envy and resentment at his new opportunities. Now colleagues consider the hero an egoist and an upstart. The hero becomes even more lonely. Paradoxically, it is much more difficult for Charlie the intellectual to live in society. Although it initially seemed to Gordon that with an educated person society is more willing to find mutual language. However, in reality, everything turned out to be the opposite.

• Category: Arguments for writing the exam

• M.Yu. Lermontov - poem "Leaf". The motive of loneliness sounds in this poem by M.Yu. Lermontov. In the center of this work is a leaf driven by a cruel storm. It is a symbol of a lonely and homeless existence, a lonely and suffering soul. The leaf does not find a place for itself in this world: the plane tree does not accept it, heat and cold make it dry, it is doomed to death.
• M.Yu. Lermontov - poem "Both boring and sad ...... In this poem, the poet writes about loneliness: "It is both boring and sad, and there is no one to give a hand to In a moment of spiritual adversity ...". Desires, love, passions - everything turns out to be empty and worthless. Disappointment at the end of the poem lyrical hero in life reaches its climax: life itself turns out to be "an empty and stupid joke."

• A.P. Chekhov - the story "Tosca". The plot of the story is simple: the son of the cabman Iona Potapov died. And he has no one to go with his grief. People don't want to listen to him. Then he tells the horse about everything. And that's the only way to dissipate his longing.

" (to the final essay and)
The attitude of a person towards parents, indifference towards relatives.
Very often, children forget about their parents, plunging into their worries and affairs. So, for example, in the story of K.G. Paustovsky "" shows the attitude of the daughter to her aged mother. Katerina Petrovna lived alone in the village, while her daughter was busy with her career in Leningrad. The last time Nastya saw her mother was 3 years ago, she rarely wrote letters, she sent her 200 rubles every two or three months. This money worried little Katerina Petrovna, she reread a few lines that her daughter wrote along with the translation (that there is no time not only to come, but also to write a normal letter). Katerina Petrovna missed her daughter very much, listened to every rustle. When she became very ill, she asked her daughter to come to see her before her death, but Nastya did not have time. There were many cases, she did not take her mother's words seriously. This letter was followed by a telegram stating that her mother was dying. Only then did Nastya realize that "no one loved her as much as this decrepit, abandoned old woman." She realized too late that there had never been anyone dearer than her mother in her life and never would be. Nastya went to the village to see her mother last time in life to ask for forgiveness and say the most important words but didn't have time. Katerina Petrovna is dead. Nastya did not even have time to say goodbye to her and left with the realization of "irreparable guilt and unbearable severity."

The problem of loneliness, indifference towards loved ones.

No person deserves to be alone. Even worse are situations when people become lonely who are not really alone in this world. This happened to the heroine of the story K.G. Paustovsky "" Katerina Petrovna. In her old age, she was left completely alone, although she had a daughter. Loneliness destroyed her every day, the only thing that kept Katerina Petrovna was the expectation of meeting her daughter. She waited three years, but only a couple of days were not enough for her. Very often, indifference towards loved ones kills more than illness. Perhaps if Nastya was more sensitive, then the sick person would not have to die alone.

Guilt.

Guilt is a feeling that everyone knows. Guilt becomes especially terrible in cases where a person does not have the opportunity to correct the situation, as in the story of K.G. Paustovsky "". The main character Nastya showed callousness towards her mother. She did not come to her, because she was busy with her own affairs. She was not with her mother when she was ill. Nastya did not take the last letter from her mother seriously. For this reason, she did not have time to tell her mother that she loves her, she could not ask for forgiveness for not coming. Nastya realized her mistakes too late: Katerina Petrovna died. Therefore, all the words remained unsaid, and a terrible feeling of guilt remained in the soul. There are deeds that cannot be corrected and there is guilt that nothing can atone for.

Composition

based on the story by Boris Petrovich Ekimov "A house for sale"

Loneliness is emotional condition a person associated with the absence of loved ones or with the fear of losing them.

Ekimov Boris Petrovich, the author of the story "A house for sale", addresses the problem of loneliness. This problem is not new, especially among the elderly. In order to draw the attention of readers to her, Ekimov tells how the main character, Baba Manya, is trying to sell her house, but at the same time stay with him: “I will live quietly, but like with people.” She suffers from loneliness, she wants to at least talk to someone. “I can’t sit alone in a hut,” she says.

Older people need the participation of loved ones in their lives. Sometimes it is enough to call relatives who will take an interest in well-being and talk about their successes and problems. But in life, everything often happens the way Baba Mani does.

The author of the story takes pity on the old woman. He wants readers to get a feel for the story, as it is fairly typical of our times as well. Many older people face this problem. No one wants to be in a similar situation, because loneliness makes a person unhappy, miserable.

The writer managed to show us how bad Baba Mana is, how much she needs to communicate with her children, but they are not up to her, they have their own problems, worries: “Daughter ... comes once a week. He will fly in, sit down and sing: “Oh, mom, there is no time.” Sometimes the old woman goes to the neighbors just to be with people: “And that’s all. I go to neighbors, if only with people. Telling the story of Baba Mani, the author tries to warn us against such mistakes in relations with elderly parents and even strangers.

I fully share the position of the author. I also feel sorry for Baba Manya. If a person has children, he should not remain lonely, unhappy, forgotten by everyone in his old age. Especially acutely I feel the suffering of this elderly woman, because I experienced firsthand what loneliness is. I am also afraid of him and I know how insulting and painful it is when they forget about you and leave you alone with your problems.

There are many such examples in life and literature. So, in the story of Konstantin Georgievich Paustovsky “Telegram”, the loneliness of an elderly woman Katerina Ivanovna, who was left completely alone after the death of her husband, is shown. And she, like Baba Mani, also has a daughter, Nastya. And Nastya, too, has no time. She regularly sends money to her mother, but Katerina Ivanovna does not need it. She dies without waiting for her daughter. And even strangers bury her. But this is wrong.

We also encounter the problem of human loneliness in A.P. Chekhov's story "Tosca". From the beginning of the story, A.P. Chekhov points to the harmony present in the relationship between the old cabman and his "horse", sensitively catching the slightest changes state of mind his master. The world of people rejected him, and the old man goes to his horse - dumb creature- which alone understands it. With warm irony to his hero, to all people lonely in their longing, vainly looking for a response, salvation in another person, and, perhaps, to himself, A.P. Chekhov ends the story with the following two phrases: “The horse chews, listens and breathes into the hands of her master… Jonah gets carried away and tells her everything…”

The theme of loneliness declared by A.P. Chekhov in the story is developed and comprehended by the writer throughout his subsequent literary activity.

Thus, the problem of loneliness has always been and remains one of the most significant in society. It should be paid attention to.

It was relevant at all times. It also exists in modern world. Of course, today people use the Internet and various means of communication that allow them to communicate unlimitedly. However, according to psychologists, the one who most often turns to social networks, more than others, feels a sense of loneliness, that is, the absence. Sometimes such a person comes up with any life events and stories. And this is all in order to attract attention. Often the problem of loneliness arises in those people who do not want to accept the society that surrounds them.

They oppose themselves to others, try in every possible way to protect themselves from the whole world and often go against generally accepted norms and traditions.

Child and loneliness

It is easier to accept the existence of a problem when a person does not have family, friends and loved ones. However, situations are different. Sometimes a feeling of loneliness visits a person who is surrounded by relatives. Unfortunately, such a phenomenon exists, although it seems simply incredible.

So, there is the problem of the loneliness of a child in the world of adults. The arguments given by psychologists testify to the danger of this phenomenon. After all, the fears and emotions experienced in early age, have a strong influence on the formation of personality, and, consequently, on the whole life of a person. That is why adults should pay attention to the problem of their baby.

What are the reasons why a child becomes lonely? The most obvious of them is the lack of attention from people close to him. Often, adults are so absorbed in their worries and problems that they simply do not have enough free time for their child. Think about it, maybe in your family there was such a situation? If yes, then it requires immediate correction. And there is a weighty argument in favor of such a step. The problem of loneliness, according to psychologists, leads to the fact that children become withdrawn, oppressed and alienated. child provided for a long time to himself, goes into the world of thoughts and fantasies he created.

The reason for loneliness at an early age may be the wrong approach of parents to education. Some fathers and mothers mistakenly believe that they know better than the child himself what he needs. In this case, the interests of an unformed personality are ignored. Putting that pressure on little man it is forbidden. And on this occasion, psychologists have a weighty argument. The problem of loneliness that has arisen in the process of such upbringing can alienate the child from his parents, as it will gradually degenerate into misunderstanding.

How to protect a child from loneliness?

The problem that has arisen requires immediate elimination. Of course, the ways to solve it are not easy, but they exist. The constant efforts of people close to him will help drive away the feeling of loneliness from the child. The main assistant in this will be parental love. But it should be expressed not in material goods, but in sincere sensitivity, care and participation in the life of the baby. You need to constantly be interested in the affairs of your child and not dismiss him when he invites you to play with him.

The problem of child loneliness in literary works

Many writers and publicists raised the topic of lack of attention to the life and interests of a small person. They often discussed how the problem of loneliness arises. Arguments from the literature that can be given on this topic - the story of Pavel Sanaev - "Bury me behind the plinth." The protagonist of the work is the boy Sasha Savelyev. He tells readers about lost dreams and unfulfilled hopes due to the moral indifference of adults. The boy has no toys and no friends. All this is replaced by only a small mouse. When she is gone, Sasha will fully feel the loneliness of a child among adults.

The same feeling seizes the heroine of the story written by Dina Sabitova “Three of your names”. This is a story about the terrible fate of a girl who went through a real hell of a half-starved impoverished life, first in native family and then in orphanage and adoptive parents.

male loneliness

Often, representatives of the strong half of humanity do not have any attachments and close ties. Some men consider this condition the norm. Is it so? For understanding this issue it is necessary to consider what kind of argument is given by psychologists in opposition to this.

The problem of loneliness, according to experts, may lie in inadequate self-esteem of a man. Such a person simply moves away from relationships with the people around him. He is afraid of criticism of his abilities and talents, which will bring him pain.

The reason for the loneliness of a man may be the lack of communication skills in communicating with others. Often the basis of such immaturity is shyness, which arose due to psychological trauma received in childhood or adolescence.

The cause of male loneliness can be the presence of social phobia. The roots of this phenomenon lie deep and lie in the imposition of an adult opinion on the boy. For example, the beginning of a visit to a kindergarten with a psychological unpreparedness of the baby. This causes fear and leads to a desire to spend time alone, away from other children.

The reason for the isolation of a man can be a psychopathology, expressed in depression, autism, schizophrenia, a tendency to alcoholism. The problem of loneliness also arises in those young guys who have a strong emotional attachment to their mother. However, not only as a result of underdevelopment or a person does not contact with the world around him. As a direct contrast to everything said above, another, fairly weighty argument can be made. The problem of loneliness sometimes becomes an element of spiritual growth. Here we are talking about the pinnacle of human development.

The theme of male loneliness in literary works

The feeling of lack of affection haunts many representatives of the strong half of humanity. Numerous arguments that are directly related to the problem of human loneliness are found in the works of domestic and foreign writers. There are books that are literally permeated with this feeling, and among them are the works of Gabriel Garcia Marquez.

In many works of this author, the problem of loneliness is raised. Arguments from literature written by Marquez - the hero of his novel "The Outsider". In addition, he wrote about loneliness Albert Camus, and Truman Capote("Breakfast at Teffany's") and Hermann Hesse ("Demian"). In these works, loneliness is a special life canvas with hopes and torments woven into it, alienation and solitude, internal conflicts and contradiction.

A weighty argument to the problem of the loneliness of a person who has chosen the path of service is L. Tolstoy's novel War and Peace. In this work, we are presented with the image of the great commander Kutuzov. He saves the country and spares the lives of soldiers, giving Moscow without a fight. The main task that the commander-in-chief sets himself is to rid Rus' of enemies with minimal losses for his army. However, the authorities have a different opinion. She wants to achieve glory at any cost. As a result, the author raises the problem tragic loneliness person. The arguments for it are the resignation, and then the untimely death of the great commander. That is the price of the decision.

In many works of Russian writers, the problem of loneliness was raised. Arguments from the literature on this issue - the hero of A. Pushkin, Eugene Onegin. At first glance, he could be attributed to a socially active person. Onegin was gladly received in secular society. Moreover, the hero received real pleasure from leading such an idle life. However, at the end of the novel, Onegin concludes for himself that he has always been "a stranger to everyone ...".

What other works deal with the problem of loneliness? Arguments from the literature can be given as follows:

1. Roman I. S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". His protagonist Bazarov is lonely both in love and in friendship and views.
2. Roman Y. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time". In it, the image of Pechorin is a multifaceted loneliness, both lyrical and civil, as well as universal.
3. Comedy A. S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit." Her hero, Alexander Chatsky, experiences loneliness, not finding support for his thoughts in society. He perceives his situation as a personal tragedy.

female loneliness

Complaints about this condition can often be heard from the fairer sex. Moreover, the topic of such loneliness excites, as a rule, women themselves. Unfortunately, even married ladies or those who have a love relationship can experience such a feeling.

What is the origin of this problem? Psychologists explain its presence:

Complexes and insecurity, when women compare themselves with beauties from the covers of glossy magazines -

Stereotypes, when ladies believe that men only love blondes, marry bitches, etc. -

Lack of meaningfulness in the search for a partner.

But be that as it may, the psychology of female loneliness, as a rule, concerns the absence of a beloved man nearby. Even those divorced girls who have children speak of the emergence of this feeling. They project their condition onto the baby, saying: "No one needs us." The desire of a woman to have a family is inherent in nature itself. The little girls are already in kindergarten they begin to play mother-daughter, cook soup in a plastic saucepan and swaddle dolls. At the same time, they dream of handsome husband and about a luxurious white veil.

However, it is such that even wearing a wedding ring on her hand, a representative of the weaker sex may feel lonely. Often this is due to the fact that many families live as if by inertia, and the spouses are not interested in each other's moods and thoughts. It often happens that a woman lovingly prepares dinner for her husband, receiving a “thank you” on duty in response.

Sometimes ladies doom themselves to loneliness after an unsuccessful romance. They are painfully experiencing the situation, experiencing humiliation. And here comes the problem of overcoming loneliness. The arguments given by psychologists indicate that it needs to be addressed. Otherwise, the woman will become even more unhappy than she was before. She will be prevented from creating new relationships by the fear of her prejudice that all men are evil.

The theme of woman's loneliness in literary works

She tells about the life of a simple Russian collective farmer in her story “ Matrenin yard» A. I. Solzhenitsyn. This is a lonely woman who lost her husband at the front and buried six children. Matrena Vasilievna, that is the name of the main character of the story, struggles alone with the hardships of life. To her, who has seniority at the state farm, they do not pay a pension. She was also unable to obtain payments for the loss of a breadwinner. However, Matryona did not lose her human feelings. She readily responds to someone else's misfortune and continues to bear the cross of the keeper of the hearth.

Very clearly female loneliness is shown in the novel by L. Tolstoy "Anna Karenina". This is a work about breaking the relationship of the main character with all spheres of life. Here the author also highlights the problem of the influence of loneliness on a person. The arguments in favor of the fact that the love of Vronsky and Anna is doomed to failure are obvious. Alienation of society and its rejection of the feelings that have arisen, contrary to the morality of secular circles. A young and cheerful woman at the beginning of the novel is eventually driven to complete despair and dies under the wheels of a train.

Loneliness of the elderly

The problem of lack of demand, the appearance of a feeling of abandonment and misunderstanding on the part of young people often accompanies the elderly. This is exacerbated by the fact that they also experience a lack of support and care from the state. But often this is a problem of loneliness of a person who has devoted himself to others. Arguments in favor of the need to solve it - social aspects question.

What are the causes of loneliness in old age? This is the absence of relatives and children or separate living from them. It is not easy for old people to endure the death of a spouse. For Russian state Another problem is the loneliness of older people. The arguments for the seclusion of the elderly are financial helplessness and the inability to cope with domestic and hygienic issues.

The theme of loneliness of the elderly in literary works

The story of K. G. Paustovsky "Telegram" tells about the life of an old village woman. His main character, Ekaterina Ivanovna, had to experience loneliness, despite the fact that she has a daughter, Nastya. The author raises the problem of loneliness of old people. Arguments confirming its existence are awareness main character her uselessness, because her daughter has not visited her for four years. This leads to old woman lives out his days in complete solitude.

The same problem was also raised by A. S. Pushkin. In his story "The Stationmaster" he showed how terrible the picture of the loneliness of an old man is. The hero of history, Samson Vyrin, was left by his daughter, who went after her beloved.

How loneliness changes a person was convincingly shown to us by N.V. Gogol. The hero of his novel Dead Souls» Plyushkin himself removed his children from himself. He was afraid that they would ruin him. The result of Plyushkin's loneliness was the degradation of personality.

One of the problems of residents of large cities

The huge congestion of people in megacities does not allow people to meet often and does not encourage close spiritual communication. Everyone is in a hurry and running about their business, often not paying attention to who is nearby. Women and men live as if by inertia. However, a certain moment comes, and each of them understands that loneliness has come, because there is no one around. You can find a description of such a state in many literary works. There is it in the novel by F. M. Dostoevsky "White Nights". In it, the author raises the problem of loneliness of people in big cities. The arguments confirming the existence of such a situation are the divergence of interests and the total separation of people. In the center of the story of F. M. Dostoevsky is the story of a lonely Dreamer. On his life path I met a girl Nastenka. The dreamer falls in love with her and with her help tries to get out of the "dungeon" of loneliness.

However, Nastenka loves another and remains true to her feelings. She apologizes for her betrayal in a letter written to the Dreamer. He forgives the girl, but, continuing to love her, remains alone in a cold city that does not understand him.

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