What is the concept of art? What is art in a narrower sense?

Art (Latin experimentum - experience, test) - imaginative understanding of reality; the process or result of expressing the internal or external (in relation to the creator) world in an artistic image; creativity directed in such a way that it reflects interests not only of the author himself, but also of other people. Art (along with science) is one of the ways of cognition, both in the natural sciences and in the religious picture of perception of the world. The concept of art is extremely broad - it can manifest itself as extremely developed skill in a particular field. For a long time, art was considered a type of cultural activity that satisfies a person’s love for beauty. Along with the evolution of social aesthetic norms and assessments, any activity aimed at creating aesthetically expressive forms has acquired the right to be called art. On the scale of the entire society, art is a special way of knowing and reflecting reality, one of the forms artistic activity public consciousness and part of the spiritual culture of both man and all humanity, a diverse result of the creative activity of all generations. In science, art refers to both the actual creative artistic activity and its result—a work of art. In the most general sense, art refers to craftsmanship (Slovak: Umenie), the product of which provides aesthetic pleasure. The Encyclopedia Britannica defines it as: “The use of skill or imagination to create aesthetic objects, settings, or activities that can be shared with others.” Thus, the criterion of art is the ability to evoke a response in other people. TSB defines art as one of the forms of social consciousness, the most important component human culture. The definition and evaluation of art as a phenomenon is a subject of ongoing debate. During the Romantic era, the traditional understanding of art as skill of any kind gave way to a vision of it as “a feature of the human mind along with religion and science.” In the 20th century in the understanding of the aesthetic, three main approaches have emerged: realistic, according to which aesthetic qualities of an object are inherent to it immanently and do not depend on the observer, objectivist, which also considers the aesthetic properties of an object to be immanent, but to some extent dependent on the observer, and relativist, according to which the aesthetic properties of an object depend only on what the observer sees in it, and different people may perceive different aesthetic qualities of the same object. On the latter view, an object can be characterized according to its creator's intentions (or lack of any intentions), whatever function it was intended to serve. For example, a cup, which in everyday life can be used as a container, can be considered a work of art if it was created only for applying an ornament, and the image can turn out to be a handicraft if it is produced on an assembly line.

In his first and most in a broad sense the term "art" remains close to its Latin equivalent (ars), which can also be translated as "skill" or "craft", as well as to the Indo-European root "composition" or "to compose". In this sense, art can be called anything that was created in the process of deliberately composing a certain composition. There are some examples that illustrate the broad meaning this term: “artificial”, “art of war”, “artillery”, “artifact”. Many other commonly used words have similar etymologies. Artist Ma Lin, example of Song era painting, around 1250 24.8 H 25.2 cm art antiquity knowledge

Until the 19th century, the fine arts referred to the ability of an artist or performer to express his talent, awaken aesthetic feelings in his audience, and engage in the contemplation of “fine” things.

The term art can be used in different senses: the process of using talent, the work of a gifted master, the consumption of works of art by an audience, and the study of art (art criticism). “Fine arts” is a set of disciplines (arts) that produce works of art (objects) created by gifted craftsmen (art as an activity) and evoke a response, a mood, conveying symbolism and other information to the public (art as consumption). Works of art are deliberate, talented interpretations of an unlimited variety of concepts and ideas with the goal of communicating them to others. They may be created specifically for a specified purpose or represented by images and objects. Art stimulates thoughts, feelings, ideas and ideas through sensations. It expresses ideas, accepts the most different shapes and serves many different purposes. Art is a skill that can inspire admiration. Art, which by its harmony evokes positive emotions and mental satisfaction, can also evoke a creative response from the perceiver, inspiration, incentive and the desire to create in a positive way. This is what artist Valery Rybakov, a member of the Trade Union artists: “Art can destroy and heal the human soul, corrupt and educate. And only light art can save humanity: it heals spiritual wounds, gives hope for the future, brings love and happiness to the world.”

1. Professional activity, aimed at constructing figurative forms presented in the form of special artifacts - works of I. The anthropological prerequisites for such activity are certain human properties that manifest themselves in relations with the environment: an ordering reaction to the uncertainty of the situation; representation of an uncertain situation in figurative form; external representation of images in the form of symbols, which can become objects of communication in social processes. interactions. These properties correspond to the specific abilities of people, which, when particularly expressed and specially developed, allow them to become artists in the broad sense of the word: the ability to build compositions from elements of an uncertain situation; ability to construct complete image; the ability to express this image in a culturally acceptable form. 2. Specialized area of culture, social. the significance of the cut is determined by the need for people to define their relationships with the environment in systems of shared ideas and the ability to give them an external figurative form. Since the relevant information is available on social media. significance, it turns out to be specially ordered in society and culture, and the corresponding types of activities and the public presentation of their results are institutionalized in a special way. The functional foundations and symbolic ways of expressing this order constitute a specific cultural code I. For the purposes of research in the field of social. sciences, the key characteristics of information are of particular importance, giving it self-identity that is stable over time and socially acceptable communicative features. Types of I.I. are usually divided into types. The basis for such a division is the “material”, which is formed through a figurative aesthetic organization. Fiction is a verbal representation of images of people’s relationships with the environment; fine arts (painting, graphics) - symbolization of visual images; music - organization of sound symbolic systems; architecture - symbolic organization of living spaces; sculpture - aesthetic representation of the body in space; dance - aesthetic organization of movement in space; design - giving aesthetic form mass media(advertising, posters), interiors of residential, industrial and public buildings. premises, tools, household items. Mixed types of art can also be distinguished, combining elements of several “pure” types, for example: theater, artistic film production, photography, organization of mass events, etc. The division of art into types contributes to detachment, i.e., representation in unusual shape differentiated types of connections between a person and the environment, connections that are in everyday life appear in syncretic integrity. Genres of I. In I. it is customary to distinguish genres in relation to each of its types. The identification of genres is carried out in accordance with the type of aesthetic attitude to the environment: tragic, comic, dramatic, lyrical, satirical, farcical, etc. The identification of genres in each of the types of art captures the types of socially significant mental states and experiences that color the corresponding works of art. Art form. In history, it is customary to distinguish certain forms of artistic works that characterize internal organization and external representation. Thus, in fiction one can distinguish such forms as novel, story, short story, short story, etc. - in prose; poem, sonnet, ode, ballad, etc. - in poetry; symphony, sonata, oratorio, romance, suite, etc. - in music; painting, portrait, landscape, still life, etc. - in painting. The forms of I.’s works are also usually divided into large ones, for example: a novel in literature, a symphony in music, monumental painting, etc.; and small ones: a story - in literature, a prelude, a musical moment, an etude, etc. - in music; chamber painting and miniature - in painting. The identification of forms of works of art captures the cultural “space” offered by the author for detailed consideration. To highlight the principles of constructing an artistic image and artistic form in the field of art, it is customary to distinguish special categories, such as style, artistic direction, creative manner. In art, style is usually understood as a set of principles for organizing aesthetic information characteristic of a certain era and a certain cultural region, which is normative, that is, generally accepted for professional artists. Style defines sets expressive means, techniques and technologies most common in this era and in this cultural region. Art movements can be defined as sets of aesthetic principles characteristic of various groups of artists, including elements of style, certain variations of stylistic forms, and certain innovative elements. Depending on the combinations of these components, artistic movements (schools) can be components of a style, gravitating towards it or deviating from it artistic trends, innovative or anti-style principles of aesthetic formation. The author’s creative style is a stable set of individual artistic techniques that characterize his identity in I. As in the case artistic directions, a creative manner can fully correspond to the style, or be a variation of stylistic norms, or represent an innovative search for aesthetic principles, means of expression, and artistic techniques. The identification of categories that characterize the principles of constructing an artistic form fixes the basis for structuring the relations of the bearers of a certain culture with the natural and artificial environment. It is advisable to represent i. as a certain cultural code, based on aesthetic, figurative principles of building connections between a person and the environment, on the basis of which professional artists in symbolic form they solve problems that arise in the area of these connections. This is also a specific cultural order, the structure of which characterizes the predominant interest of people in certain elements of the environment and building certain connections with them. An analysis of I.’s works makes it possible to identify in what forms of aesthetic detachment people imagine their connections with the environment, and to build hypotheses about what determines such forms of detachment at a given time and in a particular culture. Lit.: Bart R. Selected works. M., 1973; Vans-lov V.V. Aesthetics. Art. Art history. M., 1983; Art in the cultural system. L., 1987; Kagan M.S. Morphology of art: a historical and theoretical study of the internal structure of the world of art. L., 1972; Kiyashenko N.I., Leizerov N.L. Theory of reflection and problems of aesthetics. M., 1983; Morphology of culture. Structure and dynamics. M., 1994; Markov M. Art as a process: foundations of the functional theory of art. M., 1970. E.A. Orlova

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ART

a term used in two meanings: 1) skill, skill, dexterity, dexterity, developed by knowledge of the matter; 2) creative activity aimed at creating works of art, more broadly, aesthetic and expressive forms. The conceptual status of I. is directly related to the second meaning of the term, preserving the first as a technical condition for any creativity.

The concept of "I." connoted by historical changes (transformations) of forms and types of culture, their interactions, and, accordingly, the nature of philosophical, art history, artistic and poetic reflections and to date represents a multidimensional semantic formation, fundamentally open to the inclusion of new semantic elements generated by the continuously ongoing and transforming artistically -the aesthetic experience of humanity, including the development of intercultural connections, communications, exchanges, technologies that ensure and support creativity and the broadcast of its products in society. This kind of continuous change in the nature and volume of I., its “proteism,” makes the classical, positive definition of I. impossible. It is fundamentally apophatic both in relation to its substantial character and in relation to specific, socio-historical goal-setting. Due to its empirically factual indeterminability, information can be specified only phenomenologically, as an event (realization) of an always new, unknown meaning and those existential circumstances in which this meaning becomes possible.

The tradition of such a phenomenological understanding of information has already developed in ancient world, when three fundamental concepts were explicated, revealing information in the form of a trinity: “POIESIS - MIMESIS - TECHNE”. POIESIS - expresses an act of creative action based on creative inspiration, identifying and creating the most artistic object(artistic and aesthetic objectivity), and not its likeness; in fact, this is where meaning-making begins, directed towards the truth. MIMESIS - imitation-reproduction (as a representation of a thing), the reliability of the work, its conformity with the law. TECHNE - craft, science, cunning, dexterity - doneness, completeness of a work, its expression. Art, as a creative and artistic phenomenon, embraces all three of these modes in their inseparability and complementarity. Ancient poetics (Aristotle, Horace), separating free (lyrical) poetry from craft, emphasized the difference fiction from external (formal-empirical) imitation, and the difference between formal-technical craft and smart (based on smart vision) creation. The poietic mode, which is decisive in the formation of the artistic status of a work, simultaneously sets the essential nature of its appearance and presence. This essential character of I. in the act of its direct representation (presence) for understanding perception (feeling) is AISTHETIKOS (literally - sensory cognition, perception, but taken in the entirety of feelings, sensations and their awareness). Thus, art, giving rise to the complex of artistic works that reveals it, simultaneously constitutes its own world - artistic culture - a world that is irrelevant in relation to empirical reality, has its own (immanent) conformity with laws, oriented towards the beautiful, in the direction of which art is only phenomenally realized . This method of implementing art as a phenomenal act establishes its two complementary coordinates, one of which is necessarily connected with the question of the existential presence of a person in art (through artistic culture). Here an anthropological sociocultural complex is formed, where the works set a situation that explicates and thematizes the teleological task of cultural self-determination of historically human communities. The existential presence in artistic culture is thematically determined by the complex of I.’s works as a present and defining artistic ideal. I. in this case directly appeals to the supreme values of the social order and equally becomes the subject social criticism. The second coordinate determines the focus of art as an artistic and creative process on truth, the possibility of its appearance for aesthetic consciousness. This problem is presented as an epistemological component of I.’s knowledge and its philosophical understanding. Here truth is considered in its appearance not in the noetic-logical system, but in its eidological form (“form” in the literal sense of the word). The most adequate form of such a disclosure of truth through its constitutive and positing eidos can be considered a myth (mythologem) - a semantic figurative formation in which “hierophany” is realized (the phenomenon of the sacred, and, therefore, law-abiding and necessarily existing). This tradition is characteristic of the understanding of the epistemological essence of history from the 3rd century. up to the New and modern times. In any case, in epistemological terms, I. establishes the phenomenal presence of a thing and is directed towards the transcendental foundations of any presence. Mythologem can be considered the most fundamental form of the phenomenon of creativity, in which the essential phenomenal aspects of the creative act are presented in unity: extra-linguistic (extra-sign) reality; a personally defined, in terms of presence, subject (artist, poet); a sign reality that represents and indicates the factuality in I. In the mythology, I. is revealed in the fullness of its being, but thereby it is not an independent type of purely artistic activity, capturing almost the entire totality of being as the unity of creativity and creation. Christianity, presupposing the transcendence of the absolute subject (personal God), offers a symbolic form of fulfillment of faith in the form of a symbol-revelation (covenant), constantly maintaining a connection (dialogue) between the Creator and the Creature. Such I. has a God-given character (plots and revelations Holy Scripture, theophanic canons of sacred images, visions, etc.). However, in this comprehension of the transcendent through the symbol, the creative self-will of the “creature,” the artist, already makes itself felt. During this period, the concept of "I." connoted with the semantic accent “temptation”, “temptation”. Symbol in Christian culture is not yet a work of art, it remains within the boundaries of the phenomenon of the phenomenon of art itself, a phenomenon directly related to the transcendental foundations of creativity. In this regard, there is no clear boundary, for example, between an icon created by a master and a purely natural sign of theophany (the footprint of the Virgin Mary, incorruptible relics, material symbols of Sacred history). An event that radically transformed the situation of I. can be considered the adoption by Western Christianity of the principle of the “filioque”, from which the doctrine of “two truths” postulated by Thomas Aquinas followed, which led to a certain emancipation of both human (created) knowledge of truth and, in fact, human creativity . Created reality (emancipated nature) itself is a relatively self-sufficient source of being, and man is assumed here as an epistemological and creative subject. Subjectively, the creator (artist) is already separated from the world, which is now opposed to him in the form of an object and subject of empirically set goals. In such a situation, I. is only able to describe and display the world in works of art, which, according to Feuerbach’s precise remark, “do not pretend to be reality.” Aspects of “techné” - skill, skill, and “mimesis”, in terms of formal imitation of nature, taken in its “natural law”, begin to dominate in artistic creativity. This is how the “classical” model of art develops as a world of artistic works, formed on aesthetic principles and addressed to an educated aesthetic feeling (perception) and judgment (taste). Since in the same period the most relevant component of human culture becomes historicism in the form of total world history, which posits a solution to the teleological problem of humanity (Hegel, Marx), then along with this the classical history of art (Winckelmann) arises, focused on the comprehension (reproduction) of beauty in its ideal aesthetic form. The classical model of the world of India becomes defining and foundational for the construction of the entire “European project,” which presupposes its correlation with all aspects of the Eurocentric world order.

The classical world of history presupposes exemplaryness (normativity) both in terms of orientation towards a beautiful ideal, literally refined from the so-called classical historical eras (cf. “classical antiquity”, “classical (high) Renaissance”), and in terms of the transformation of life, expressed in the sociologized thematization of the relationship between “beautiful” and “life”. Formation of the objectified "classical world of I." together with the focus on the artistic (aesthetic) subject, leads to the emergence of a quasi-scientific paradigm for the study of art with a system of procedures that makes it possible to study, evaluate, and establish patterns of art development based on subjective criteria. The development of modern art is accompanied by art criticism, art theory (Wölflin), art criticism. Art itself (the world of classical art) is considered as a specific system of adequate description (representation) of non-artistic reality, the main meaningful element of which is the artistic image. The problematic of the artistic image, most fully presented in Hegel’s Aesthetics, was an attempt to resolve the contradiction between the factual objectivity of I.’s work (what and how it is presented) and its meaning (in terms of classical aesthetic theory- contradiction between content and form). The artistic image was interpreted primarily as a product of creative imagination that arises in the process of creating and perceiving a work. However, the strict binding of the artistic image to the procedure of reflecting reality - reliable and formalized - has led to a whole complex of paradoxes associated with the fundamental inadequacy of the “artistic” and “real” worlds. This situation was recorded by Schopenhauer and Nietzsche, recorded in the form of heightened attention to the theme of POIESIS as a necessary means of forming the artistic subjectivity itself, which remains relevant to this day. It was POIESIS, as the fundamental moment of artistic creativity, that became the basis on which diverse innovative movements arose, usually defined by the term “modern art,” which significantly transformed the entire concept, and together with the practice of art in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

At the turn of the century, a period that lasted throughout the 20th century began. the conflict of classical and innovative traditions, in the depths of which the deep transformation of art and its emergence into a completely new dimension of human existence, quite accurately expressed by M. Heidegger, is increasingly visible: “Art is moving into the horizon of aesthetics. This means: a work of art becomes an object of experience and, accordingly, art is considered an expression of human life." Such status of I. does not imply classical structure art world and equal coexistence and communication of diverse cultural worlds associated with the life activity of equally diverse, often dynamically changing human beings, self-organizing according to political, economic, ethnic, religious, ethical and value principles. The communicative principle of structuring the artistic (cultural) world, which by the end of the century had assumed a total character, modifies the method and form of life of art, which becomes predominantly a sign formation (discourse) that carries (transmits, communicates) value meanings.

Modern I. is complex system communicating forms and trends, often united by the so-called “postmodern project”. A feature of various “modernist” artifacts has become the direct presence of the author-performer in the implementation of an artistic act, which is aimed at public provocation, which ends with the performance. As for the artistic (aesthetic) concept, it is realized in modernism in the form of a program, manifesto and anthropological reflections. In general, it can be stated that the phenomenon of “modern I.” - rather a humanitarian-anthropological project, sharply, sometimes aggressively directed against the totally dominant systems of social self-reference - political and economic. Because of this, the communities that emerge in the process of an artistic act are marginal and temporary in nature. However, "modern I." in its avant-garde forms is far from exhausting modern artistic culture, which is held by the classical paradigm, framed in the form of classical art education, museum, academic institutions, which are included in the system of mass communication and in relation to which modern forms of artistic activity identify themselves in aesthetic and artistic plans. Finally, the picture of modern art and modern artistic culture would be incomplete without the phenomenon of mass culture, which is fundamentally oriented toward the mass art market and the production of ideologies of mass consciousness (the cult of stars, consumption, mass phobias, success in life). Mass culture develops primarily in means of communication that directly represent the dominant political, economic and ideological references of society and directly include the socialization of individuals into total systems of power.

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Each person understands the meaning of art differently: some elevate and extol it, while others vomit it into the abyss of emotions. A person can do without works of art in everyday life, but emotional hunger requires knowledge of real art, which gives a feeling of happiness, joy and peace of mind. It is capable of transporting a person to the world of dreams and fantasies that everyone expresses in various types art. We will look at them below.

Plastic or spatial arts

art

This type of creativity aims to reproduce the surrounding world and sense it visually. For the sake of this type of art, many artists abandoned a calm, well-fed life and burned at the altar of art. The works of masters became the causes of political clashes and wars. Collectors were ready to incur a curse on themselves. This is what people are willing to do for the sake of art.

Painting. The art of depicting reality with colors. It consists of objects depicted in a multi-colored palette on the surface. An artist can express his inner world and emotions on canvas, easel and cardboard. This genre is divided into several types: easel, monumental, miniature.
. The art of depicting objects with strokes and lines. On the one hand, both adults and children can do this, having only a sheet of paper, paints, and pencils. But not everything is so simple, and those who believe that graphics are publicly available are mistaken. This complex look which you need to learn if you want to become masters of this business. The artist applies strokes, lines and spots on a plane (wood, metal, buildings, cardboard, etc.), using one or two color schemes(in some cases, you can use more). This genre is divided into several types: easel, computer, magazine and newspaper, book, applied and industrial.
Sculpture. The artist expresses his works from solid and plastic materials that have a three-dimensional form. The works captured in the materials are capable of conveying vitality objects of creation. This type is divided into several types: sculpture of small forms, monumental, easel, small plastic and monumental - decorative.

Constructive art

The master expresses his creativity in reproduction of artistic buildings that organize the spatial-objective environment around us , while not depicting anything. Divided into two genres:

. It is based on the life, views and ideology of society and easily adapts to changes in style in different historical periods of life. This genre is divided into several types: urban planning, landscape and architecture of volumetric structures.
Design. It is an aesthetic symbol of the modern world. By creating masterpieces, the designer consolidates the style of the era with his creativity. It is divided into several genres: exhibition, subject, landscape, interior design, clothing and books.

Arts and crafts

Creative works of this art have practical use in everyday life . The basis of this art are various branches of creative activity aimed at creating artistic products with utilitarian and artistic functions. Divided into several types:

ceramics;
forging;
glass;
tapestry;
clay toy;
sewing;
applique;
quilts;
artistic treatment skin;
weaving;
stained glass and much more.

Temporary arts

The composer expresses his spiritual beauty and a picture of the world through sound tones and rhythms, meaningful and organized in an orderly manner. This is the spiritual language of the material world, reproduced using musical instruments (their basis is a resonator), unconsciously grasped by the ear. Types of music can be divided according to different criteria, for example, according to the nature of performance, it is divided into types such as vocal, instrumental, chamber, solo, electronic, vocal-instrumental, choral and piano. By habitat - military, church, religious, dance and theater. But basically it is divided into two types:

vocal;
instrumental.

Most often, this type of art means only fiction, but not everything is so simple. In addition, this includes scientific, philosophical and other works that reflect the views of people. Here works are created using words and writing. They reflect the totality of branches of knowledge of a particular science or specialty. Literature is divided into such types as educational, technical, scientific, artistic, reference, memoir and documentary prose. Created in several genres:

folklore;
prose;
poetry.

Space-time arts

This is a combination of several types of art, such as literature, choreography, music, poetry and so on. The theater has its own views and views on displaying reality and does this with the help of dramatic action . This is a collective art, expressing its ideas with the help of actors, directors, screenwriters, stage managers, composers, costume designers and make-up artists. Consists of several types, such as Theatre of Drama, puppet, opera, ballet and pantomime.

A type of artistic creativity based on various technical methods of recording and reproducing images in motion, accompanied by sound. There are several types of this art - these are feature films, documentaries and short films.

Expression of emotions and inner experiences with the help of body movements, built into a specific work, accompanied by music. People have the opportunity to express their feelings, themes, ideas through pantomime, scenery and costume. Has its own directions and styles: ballroom dance, historical, ritual, folk, acrobatic, pop and club.

Based on the creative reproduction of the surrounding world in artistic images. In addition, in a broad sense, art can mean the highest level of skill in any field of activity, even not directly related to creativity (for example, in cooking, construction, martial arts, sports, etc.).

Object(or subject) art is the world in general and man in particular, and the form of existence is a work of art as a result of creative activity. Piece of art - highest form result of creativity.

Purposes of art:

distribution of spiritual benefits;
author's self-expression.

Functions of art.

Cognitive. Art acts as a source of information about the world or a person.
Educational. Art influences moral and ideological development individual.
Aesthetic. Reflects a person’s spiritual need for harmony and beauty. Forms the concept of beauty.
Hedonistic. Close to the aesthetic function, but does not form the concept of aesthetics, but provides the opportunity for aesthetic pleasure.
Prognostic. The function of trying to predict the future.
Compensatory. Serves to restore psychological balance; often used by psychologists and psychotherapists (fans of the program “Dom-2” by watching it compensate for the lack of their own personal life and emotions; although I would not classify this show as art).
Social. It can simply provide communication between people (communicative), or it can call for something (propaganda).
Entertaining(for example, popular culture).

Kinds of art.

Kinds of art are different - it all depends on what criterion to classify them by. The generally accepted classification considers three types of art.

art:
- static (sculpture, painting, photography, decorative, etc.);
- dynamic (for example, silent films, pantomime).

Expressive arts(or non-figurative):
- static (architecture and literature);
- dynamic (music, dance art, choreography).
Spectacular art(theater, cinema, opera, circus).

According to the degree of application in everyday life art can be:

applied (decorative and applied);
graceful (music).

By creation time:

traditional (sculpture, literature);
new (cinema, television, photography).

According to the time-space relationship:

spatial (architecture);
temporary (music);
spatiotemporal (cinema, theater).

By the number of components used:

simple (music, sculpture);
complex (also synthetic: cinema, theater).

There are many classifications, and the definition and role of art is still a cause for constant debate and discussion. The main thing is different. Art can destroy the human psyche or heal, corrupt or educate, oppress or give impetus to development. The task of human society is to develop and encourage precisely the “light” types of art.

Art is the activity of an individual. With the help of it, he explores the world, relaxes and creates something new. The role and importance of art in human life cannot be underestimated. Without him it would be almost impossible. This is a kind of foundation for further discoveries.

What is art

This is a creative activity that allows a person to realize his inner world. You can create using sounds, dances, drawings, words, colors, various natural materials and so on. Art is one of the many forms of consciousness of intelligent beings. It arises thanks to the creativity of specific individuals who touch on topics that are interesting not only to the author, but also to other people. Many people ask: “Do people need art?” The answer is definitely yes, because it is a way of understanding the world. Science is also one of the types of acquiring knowledge from the surrounding reality. Art can be:

Craft. Any type of human activity is considered a creative process. Mastery in some field: sewing, beadwork, furniture making, etc. is considered an art. After all, a person tries to convey his vision of the world into reality.
Cultural activities. People have always strived for something beautiful. By creating something good, a person emphasizes his love and peacefulness.
Any expressive forms. With the development of society and aesthetic knowledge, absolutely any activity that expresses some meaning with the help of special means can be called art.

This term is quite broad. If it is interpreted on the scale of the entire human society, then this is a special means for cognition or reflection of the surrounding world, spirituality and consciousness of the individual. There is practically no person who could not give an explanation for it. Listen to your inner world and determine what art is for you. After all, it is valuable both for a specific author and for all people in general. During the existence of mankind, many works of art have already been created that you can admire and which can inspire you to create your own creative ideas.

The history of art

According to one theory, man first began to engage in creativity during primitive society. Rock inscriptions are witnesses to this. These were the first mass species art. They were applied mainly for practical application. About 40 thousand years ago, art became an independent way to understand the world. It was represented by various rituals, musical compositions, choreography, body jewelry, images on rocks, trees and skins of killed animals.

In the primitive world, art served the function of transmitting information. People could not communicate using language, so they transmitted information through creativity. Therefore, art for the people of those times was integral part existence. To apply images, objects from the surrounding world and various colors from them were used.

Art in the ancient world

It was in ancient civilizations, such as Egypt, India, Rome and so on, that the foundations of the creative process were laid. Even then, people began to think about whether people need art. Each developed center of civilization had its own unique style, which survived many centuries and did not change. At this time, the first works of artists began to be created. The ancient Greeks depicted human body the best. They could correctly depict muscles, posture and respect the proportions of the body.

Art in the Middle Ages

The people of these times focused their attention on biblical stories and spiritual truths. In the Middle Ages, they no longer asked themselves whether people needed art, because the answer was obvious. Paintings or mosaics used a gold background and depicted people with perfect proportions and body shapes. Art of various kinds penetrated into the sphere of architecture, beautiful statues were built. People were not interested in what real art was, they simply created their own beautiful works. Some Islamic countries attributed divine power to such creations. People from India used the art for religious dances and sculpture. The Chinese preferred bronze sculptures, wood carving, poetry, calligraphy, music and paintings. The style of this people changed every era and bore the names of the ruling dynasties. In the 17th century, it spread in Japan. By this time, people already knew what real art was. After all, it has already seriously influenced the education of a useful personality for society. And also served have a good rest and relaxation.

Renaissance and modern world

Humanity has returned to humanism and material assets. This influenced the development of art. Human figures have lost their idealized forms. During these eras, artists tried to show the Universe and various ideas of that time. There have already been a lot of interpretations of “what art is”. Creative people perceived it as a way to convey human individuality. Already by the 19th century, many styles had formed, such as symbolism or fauvism. However, already in the 20th century there were many scientific discoveries and developing technologies. During this period, creative individuals were looking for new ways to display their inner world and reflect modern beauty.

In the second half of the twentieth century, the modernism movement joined art. People tried to find the truth and followed strict standards. During this period, many critics of painting appeared who assumed that it had come to an end.

What is art like?

In modern world creative process reached unprecedented development. With the help of the World Wide Web, various types of skills are spreading at high speed. Art is as follows:

Spectacular art. This includes theaters, operas, circuses, cinema, and so on. Using visual perception, the authors convey their vision of the world and various events. Directors create films that reflect the existing problems of the world. Many branches of art serve as entertainment for people, for example the circus.
Art. This field includes photography, painting, comics, sculpture and silent films. Authors using static picture convey nature, the life of a people, the problems of humanity. Silent cinema is a dynamic art form. In the modern world, this phenomenon has already lost its popularity.
Expressive art. People reflect their views in literature and create beautiful buildings. They also express their inner world in music and choreography. Most works raise global problems and the vices of humanity. Thanks to this, people improve and move away from evil and self-flagellation.

For creative self-expression man invented a lot of materials. Artists use paint, canvases, ink, and so on. Architects - clay, iron, plaster and so on. Thanks to modern methods storage of information, a person can transfer his creations to electronic variant. There are already many musicians, artists, directors and writers who use the computer to create works of art.

Modern world and art

The creative sphere of life teaches an individual true beauty, makes him more merciful and kinder. Art also teaches you to look at simple things from a different perspective, most often positive. In all creations there is not one certain meaning, each person is looking for something different in them. Also, everyone individually chooses the type of activity for themselves. It could be painting, ballet, or even classic literature. People, through creativity, learn compassion, sensitivity and emotionality. Everyday life can depress a person, but art reminds us how beautiful the world around us can be. Many people simply feed on positive energy from various works of authorship.

From an early age, an individual is instilled with a love of creativity. Introducing children to art allows them to learn to understand literature, painting, architecture, music and much more. It cultivates personality. However, there are times when a person does not understand why art is needed. This behavior is one of the stages of personality development, after which people have an involuntary craving for something new and unknown. This allows you to expand your horizons, improve yourself and form individual moral values. The most important thing is that creativity makes a person better.

How art influences personality development

A person is a being that is formed with the help of the events around him and other opinions. Art occupies a special place in this process; it influences both a specific individual and society as a whole. Thanks to him, a person develops pleasant feelings, interesting thoughts, moral principles, and the development of modern art helps him in this. Life without this industry is almost impossible. It would be dry, and for individuals with a rich inner world it would appear only in black and white. Occupies a special place in existence fiction like art. She is able to fill a person, like a jug with water, with life principles and views. Leo Tolstoy believed that spiritual beauty can save humanity. By studying the works of various authors, people become internally attractive.

IN fine arts a person tries to convey his point of view on the world around him, sometimes from his imagination. After all, he cannot recreate something that does not exist. Each image conveys a specific thought or feeling of the creator. Man feeds on these works of art. If the message was good, then the person will radiate positive emotions. Aggressive creativity gives rise to negative feelings in a person. In life, people must have positive thoughts and deeds, otherwise humanity faces extinction. After all, if everyone wishes harm to those around them, then mass acts of violence and murder may begin.

Introducing children to art

Parents begin to engage in the cultural education of their child almost from birth. Introducing children to art is an important part of raising a positive personality. School age is considered the most favorable for development cultured person. At this stage, schools instill in the child a sympathy for classical works. In the lessons they look at great artists, writers, musicians and their significant contribution to the culture of mankind. In the future, they will better perceive the work of various authors and not ask why art is needed. However, when children enter middle school, teachers do not pay due attention to creativity. In this case, many parents send them to special art schools. Children develop the ability to learn something new, an interest in art, the ability to create and be a kind person. After all, artistic creations play a significant role in the development of a mature personality.

Arts and literature

The word is an integral part of creativity. Thanks to it, you can very accurately convey information, events, feelings, and so on. is able to convey to a person a wide range of emotions and outlook on life. Imagination also helps to convey pictures of indescribable beauty. Thanks to the word, people can experience joy, anxiety, condolences, sadness, and so on. The text in the book is somewhat reminiscent of an alternative reality.

Writers also talk about their assumptions that relate to the future of humanity. There are many popular dystopias that reflect a far from bright future, for example: “Brave New World” by Aldous Huxley, “1984” by George Orwell. They serve as a warning to a person so that he does not forget to love and try to appreciate everything he has. This fact shows why the art of negative literature is needed. After all, such books ridicule people’s problems: insane consumption, love of money, power, and so on. After all, these things do not bring happiness at all, and you only need to do noble deeds and have honor.

What is the art of photographs and paintings for?

Almost every person loves to decorate the walls of their home with the work of artists or photographers. However, not everyone thought about why they were hanging there and how they affected their mood. Psychologists believe that images on walls can affect a person. The picture primarily affects the subconscious, and it is very important what color it is. Impact of image coloring:

Orange color. It is capable of creating a warm feeling in a person. However, some works can, on the contrary, irritate.
Red paintings. This is one of the most influential colors on people. He can feed healthy people with passion and warmth. Patients with psychological disorders may develop aggression.
Green. This is the color of the entire plant world, which creates a feeling of security and freshness in a person.
Blue images. They are able to give people peace and some coolness. All light colors have a positive effect on a person’s emotional state.

Experts have long ago discovered that different colors paintings and photographs can improve mood, bring order to emotions and, in some cases, heal. However, some people may still have questions about why imagery is needed. They can be observed in schools, kindergartens, educational institutions and some workplaces. They are often peaceful landscapes, forests and portraits of some beautiful people.