Comedy "The Cherry Orchard". Character system
The system of images of The Cherry Orchard, in accordance with the ideological and thematic features of the play, is also very original. There is no place in it for one main character, as well as there is no division into positive and negative characters. After all, everyone is equally far from a true understanding of life, everyone is helpless before the fleeting time, everyone wants to look into the future, but it remains unknown to anyone. Chekhov's definition is applicable to each of them: “a bad good person.” These are the past owners of the cherry orchard: Ranevskaya, with her imbalance and sensitivity, complete impracticality and selfishness, but at the same time she is a woman capable of devoted love, possessing generosity and breadth of soul, inner and outer beauty; Gaev, sentimental and infantile, absolutely unadapted to life, but a kind and warm-hearted person. Both of them have that inner culture that has always characterized the inhabitants of the "noble nests", but has already become a thing of the past. In contrast to them, Petya Trofimov, naive in his noble impulses, is directed to the future. This "eternal student", despite all his wonderful speeches, saturated with socio-political, civic pathos, also turns out to be unsuitable for real life, and therefore his eloquence is somewhat akin to Gaev's talkativeness. Anya, as is often the case with Chekhov, is the embodiment of youth, hopes, faith in a wonderful future, but in practical life she is helpless, like her mother. Varya, a serious, strict, economical girl, on the contrary, turns out to be too down-to-earth and, perhaps, that is precisely why happiness eludes her.
All other characters are also individualized, but Lopakhin still occupies a special place among the heroes of the play. It is not for nothing that Chekhov was so concerned that the performer of the role correctly understood this character. This is an unconventional image of a merchant for Russian literature. A businessman, and a very successful one, Lopakhin is at the same time a “soft man”, endowed with the “soul of an artist.” The irony of life is that Lopakhin, sincerely striving to save the garden for Ranevskaya, in the end “accidentally” takes possession of it himself. But having achieved success, he does not look like a winner. The paradox is that he is the only person who is capable of truly appreciating the cherry orchard (he is the one who wrote the most heartfelt, poetic words about the cherry orchard), and it is he who must destroy this beauty with his own hands - there are no other ways out of this situation. So luck turns into a mockery of his best hopes. Why this happened is something neither the hero himself nor anyone else can understand. But it is Lopakhin who owns the words that are so significant for the author about “a clumsy, unhappy life” that “you know it’s passing.” He is the only one of the heroes who realizes the limitations of his “truth” and the need to search for a “general idea,” which brings his position closer to the author’s point of view. Material from the site
Chekhov in “The Cherry Orchard” shows a fatal discrepancy between a person’s personal good qualities, his subjectively good intentions and the results of his social activity. It is with Lopakhin that one of the long-standing and main themes of Chekhov’s work enters into the play: hostility, illogicality, unbearable complexity, the incomprehensibility of life for an ordinary “average” person, no matter who he is. Many other heroes of Chekhov struggle just as unsuccessfully with the mysteries of life - both in his plays and in stories and stories. They turn out to be just as lonely, suffering, dependent on circumstances hostile to them, and therefore Lopakhin is one of the heroes standing on the main line of Chekhov’s creativity.
Didn't find what you were looking for? Use the search
On this page there is material on the following topics:
- system of images in the play "The Cherry Orchard" by A.A. Chekhov
- The image of the cherry orchard in Chekhov's play The Cherry Orchard
- The cherry orchard in the system of images of Chekhov's play essay
- SYSTEM OF IMAGES IN CHEKHOV'S PLAY THE CHERRY ORCHARD
- system of images and the main image of the play The Cherry Orchard
Search materials:
Number of your materials: 0.
Add 1 material
Certificate
about creating an electronic portfolio
Add 5 material
Secret
present
Add 10 materials
Certificate for
informatization of education
Add 12 materials
Review
free for any material
Add 15 materials
Video lessons
for quickly creating effective presentations
Add 17 materials
Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation
Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution
higher professional education
"Chechen State University"
Institute of Chechen and General Philology
DEPARTMENT OF DOMESTIC AND WORLD LITERATURE
Course work
___________________ in Russian literature
(discipline)
XIX
century____________________
__________ The system of images in the play "The Cherry Orchard" by A.P. Chekhov._________
(subject)
_____________________________________________________________________________
4th year students of RVO_______
____________correspondence department
(full-time/correspondence)
__________________________________________________________________
_________________ Shikieva Strength Abdulkhamidovna ___________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
(FULL NAME)
Supervisor: Ph.D., Associate Professor Kh.Sh. Yandarbiev___________________________
full name, position
(delivery date)
Head of department
(signature)
Grozny2014
Plan
Introduction………………………………………………………………….3
1. Artistic originality of the play………………………………7
2. Images of the characters in the play. Features of the image of heroes……..11
3. Image of the Cherry Orchard……………………………………………...23
Conclusion……………………………………………………………...26
List of used literature………………………………...28
Introduction.
The work of the great Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
dates back to the end of the 19th century. He was born in 1860, that is, his birth
almost coincided with the reform of 1861, and the formation of personality
the writer was already in post-reform Russia, the state of which he
beautifully depicted in his works.
Chekhov strove for life to dominate in his plays.
truth, unvarnished, in all its ordinaryness, everyday life.
Showing the natural course of everyday life of ordinary people, Chekhov
bases his plots not on one, but on several organically related ones,
intertwined conflicts. At the same time, the leading and
What unites is primarily the conflict between the characters and not
with each other, but with the entire social environment around them.
In the play "The Cherry Orchard" the main conflict, reflecting deep
social contradictions of the late 19th and early 20th centuries lies in
Ranevskaya’s desire to retain the cherry orchard and in her desire
Lopakhin to turn the cherry orchard into a capitalist enterprise.
But, emphasizing the individual positive characteristics of the nobles
characters, Chekhov convincingly shows that, being representatives
lyricism, desire for beauty. Is sympathy typical for a merchant?
Ranevskaya, the desire to help the landowner save the cherry orchard from sale and
the appearance of awkwardness because it was he who acquired the cherry orchard. Isn't it
This trait of Lopakhin is typical of the merchant class, which Trofimov talks about:
"subtle, gentle soul"? But Lopakhin’s actions are not determined by these
private, individual traits, but those that reflect social
the typical essence of his character.
4
Despite his characteristic sentimentality, Lopakhin bought the estate
Ranevskaya, to whom he owes a lot, he clearly tactlessly begins
cutting down a cherry orchard.
In my opinion, Lopakhin is a man of purpose, and how he behaves with Ranevskaya and
the rest, it doesn't really matter, the main thing is that it's a person
practical, vital and you can always rely on him, because this
a man of the present.
Responsibility for tomorrow in the play falls on the young
generation its representative is Petya Trofimov.
Trofimov is a democrat by origin, habits and beliefs.
Creating images of Trofimov, Chekhov expresses in this image such leading
traits such as dedication to public service, striving for the best
future and propaganda of the struggle for it, patriotism, adherence to principles,
courage, hard work. Trofimov, despite his 26 or 27 years, has
shoulders a great and difficult life experience. He's been expelled twice already.
university. He has no confidence that he will not be expelled a third time and that
he will not remain a "perpetual student".
To the egoism of the landowners and merchants, Trofimov opposes his
devotion to the public cause, his patriotism.
Trofimov is a man of just such a worldview, and this is
reason for his abstract ideas about the future and about ways to fight for
him. Chekhov's dramaturgy, responding to the pressing issues of his
time, addressing everyday interests, experiences and
the worries of ordinary people.
5
Therefore, she has always had a huge influence on readers and viewers.
6
CHAPTER 1
Chekhov's plays seemed unusual to his contemporaries. They sharply
differed from the usual dramatic forms. There were no seeming
necessary plotting, climax and, strictly speaking, dramatic
action as such. Chekhov himself wrote about his plays: “People only
they dine, wear jackets, and at this time their destinies are decided, their
life." There is a subtext in Chekhov's plays that takes on a special
artistic significance. How is this transmitted to the reader, the viewer?
subtext? First of all, with the help of the author's remarks. Such a gain
the meaning of the stage directions and the expectation of reading the play lead to the fact that in the plays
Chekhov brings together the epic and dramatic principles. Even
The place where the action takes place sometimes has symbolic meaning.
“The Cherry Orchard” opens with an expressive and lengthy remark, in
in which we find the following remark: “The room that is still
It’s called a nursery.” It is impossible to realize this stage direction, but it
and is not intended for stage performance and does not serve as an indication
director of the play, but in itself has artistic meaning. U
the reader, it is the reader, who immediately gets the feeling that time is in this
the house is frozen, lingering in the past. The heroes have grown up, but the room is old
the house is still a “children’s room”. On stage this can only be conveyed by
creating a special atmosphere, a special mood, an atmosphere that
would accompany the entire action, creating a kind of semantic background. This
it is all the more important that later in the play it will appear several times
dramatic motif of the passing, slipping time that leaves
heroes overboard. Ranevskaya turns to her nursery, to her garden. For
This house, this garden is her precious, pure past, it seems to her that
Her late mother is walking in the garden.
7
But it is important for Chekhov to show the impossibility of returning to a happy past,
and the action of the fourth act of the play takes place in the same nursery where now
the curtains on the windows were removed, the paintings were removed from the walls, the furniture was placed in one corner, and
There are suitcases in the middle of the room. The heroes leave and the image of the past disappears,
the present.
Not
With the help of stage directions, Chekhov conveys the semantic nuances of the dialogues
pretending
characters, even if the remark contains only one word:
"pause". Indeed, the conversations in the play are not animated, often
interrupted by pauses. These pauses give the characters' conversations
“The Cherry Orchard” is somehow chaotic, incoherent, as if the hero is not always
knows what he will say next minute. In general, the dialogues in the play are very
unusual compared to the plays of Chekhov's predecessors and
contemporaries: they rather resemble dialogues of the deaf. Everyone talks about
in his own way, as if not paying attention to what his interlocutor was saying. So,
Gaev's remark that the train was two hours late unexpectedly entails
is Charlotte's words that her dog eats nuts too. Everything is as if
developed throughout the world
contradicts the laws of dramaturgy,
dramatic realistic literature. But naturally, behind this
Chekhov has a deep artistic meaning. Conversations like this show
the originality of the relationships between the characters of the play, in general the originality of Chekhov's
images In my opinion, each character in “The Cherry Orchard” lives in his own
closed world, in its own system of values, and it is their discrepancy with each other
friend and comes to the fore in the play, the author emphasizes.
The fact that Lyubov Andreevna, who is threatened with the sale of her estate at auction,
gives out money to the first person he meets, is Chekhov only called upon to
demonstrate her extravagance as a character trait of an eccentric
ladies or testify to the moral correctness of the thrifty Varya?
8
From Varya's point of view, yes; from Ranevskaya’s point of view, no. And from the point of view
author - this is generally evidence of people’s inability to understand
each other. Lyubov Andreevna does not at all strive to be a good housewife, but
in any case, Chekhov does not portray this desire and for the absence of it
does not condemn the heroine. He generally talks about something else that lies beyond
economic practice and has nothing to do with it. So are the tips
Lopakhina, smart and practical, are unacceptable for Ranevskaya. Is it right
Lopakhin? Undoubtedly. But Lyubov Andreevna is also right in her own way. Is Petya right?
Trofimov, when he tells Ranevskaya that her Parisian lover is
scoundrel? He’s right, but his words don’t make any sense to her. and Chekhov
does not at all set itself the goal of creating the image of a stubborn and headstrong woman,
listening to no one's advice and ruining her own home and family.
For this, the image of Ranevskaya is too poetic and charming. Apparently the reasons
disagreements between people in Chekhov's plays are not at all in the area
practical, but in some other area.
The change in conversation topics in the play could also cause confusion.
There seems to be no logical connection between successive
no talking groups. So, in the second act, instead of those talking about
meaning of Ranevskaya's life, Petya and Anya come to Gaev and Lopakhin, people
far from what the elders care about, worries them. Such a “mosaic” of scenes
due to the uniqueness of the system of images and dramatic conflict in
Chekhov. Strictly speaking, a dramatic conflict in the usual sense
absent from Chekhov's plays, the action was not based on confrontation
characters, and characters are no longer divided into “good” and “bad”,
“positive” and “negative”. In “The Cherry Orchard” is only Yasha
written out clearly ironically, the rest do not fit into
traditional categories of negative characters.
9
Rather, each hero is unhappy in his own way, even Simeonov Pishchik, but even those
characters whose author's sympathy is on their side still don't look
definitely “positive”. The appeal sounds genuinely sad
Ranevskaya to her children's room, rise to the truly tragic
Chekhov does not give it any sound, neutralizing the tragic beginning with the comic
Gaev's address to the closet. Gaev himself is funny in his pompous and
absurd monologues, but at the same time sincerely touching in barren
trying to save the cherry orchard. The same - “funny and touching” - you can
say about Pete Trofimov.
10
Chapter 2
The owners of the estate are Russian landowners Gaev and Ranevskaya. Both brother and
sister - educated, smart, sensitive people. They know how to appreciate beauty
they feel it subtly, but due to inertia they cannot do anything about it
salvation. With all their development and spiritual wealth, Gaev and Ranevskaya
deprived of a sense of reality, practicality and responsibility, and therefore not in
able to take care of yourself or loved ones. They can not
follow Lopakhin's advice and rent out the land, despite the fact that
would bring them a solid income: “Dachas and summer residents - it’s so vulgar,
Sorry". They are prevented from taking this measure by special feelings that bind
them with the estate. They treat the garden as a living person with whom they
connects a lot. The cherry orchard for them is the personification
a past life, a bygone youth. Looking out the window at the garden, Ranevskaya
exclaims: “Oh my childhood, my purity! In this nursery I slept, looked
from here to the garden, happiness woke up with me every morning, and then he
was exactly the same, nothing has changed.” And further: “Oh my garden! After dark
rainy autumn and cold winter, you are young again, full of happiness, angels
the heavenly ones have not abandoned you...” Ranevskaya speaks not only about the garden, but also about herself.
She seems to compare her life with a “dark stormy autumn” and
"cold winter" Returning to her native estate, she again felt
yourself young and happy.
Lopakhin does not share the feelings of Gaev and Ranevskaya. Their behavior seems to him
strange and illogical. He wonders why they are not so affected
obvious to him arguments for a prudent way out of a difficult situation
situations. Lopakhin knows how to appreciate beauty: he is delighted by the garden, “more beautiful
which there is nothing in the world.” But he is an active and practical person.
He can't just admire the garden and regret it without trying anything.
undertake to save him.
11
He sincerely tries to help Gaev and Ranevskaya, constantly convincing them: “And
cherry orchard, and the land needs to be rented out for dachas, do this
Now, hurry up - the auction is just around the corner! Understand!” But they don't want it
listen. Gaev is only capable of empty oaths: “With my honor, whatever you want,
I swear, the estate will not be sold!... I swear on my happiness!... call me
then a crappy, dishonest person if I allow it to go to auction! Everyone
I swear by my being!”
However, the auction took place, and Lopakhin bought the estate. This is an event for him
has a special meaning: “I bought an estate where my grandfather and father were slaves, where there were no
They were even allowed into the kitchen. I'm dreaming, it's only imagining it, it's only
it seems...” Thus, for Lopakhin, the purchase of an estate becomes a kind of
a symbol of his success, a reward for many years of work. He would like
so that his father and grandfather would rise from the grave and rejoice at how their son and
grandson has succeeded in life. For Lopakhin, the cherry orchard is just land,
which can be sold, mortgaged or purchased. In his joy he doesn't even
considers it necessary to show an elementary sense of tact towards
to the former owners of the estate. He starts cutting down the garden without even waiting for them
departure. In some ways he is akin to the soulless lackey Yasha, in whom
there are no feelings such as kindness, love for mother, affection for
the place where he was born and raised. In this he is the direct opposite of Firs,
whom these qualities are unusually developed. Firs is the oldest person in
home. He has faithfully served his masters for many years and sincerely loves
I am ready to protect them from all troubles like a father. Perhaps Firs -
the only character in the play endowed with this quality - devotion.
Firs is a very integral nature, and this integrity is fully manifested
in his relation to the garden. For an old footman, a garden is a family nest, which
he strives to protect in the same way,
Petya Trofimov is a representative of the new generation.
as well as their masters.
12
He doesn't care about the fate of the cherry orchard at all. “We are above love,” declares
he, thereby admitting his inability to have serious feelings. Peter
looks at everything too superficially: not knowing true life, he tries
reorganize it based on far-fetched ideas. Outwardly, Petya and Anya are happy.
They want to move towards a new life, making a decisive break with the past. Garden for them -
“all of Russia,” and not just this cherry orchard. But is it possible without loving
home, to love the whole world? Both heroes rush to new
horizons, but lose their roots. Mutual understanding between Ranevskaya and
Trofimov is impossible. If for Petya there is no past and memories, then
Ranevskaya deeply grieves: “After all, I was born here, my father and
mother, my grandfather, I love this house, without the cherry orchard I don’t understand my
life..."
The image of Ranevskaya in the play "The Cherry Orchard"
Let's consider one of the main images of the play - the image of Ranevskaya. Cherry
the garden appears in the play as a symbolic image. It brings together very different
heroes, each of whom has their own idea of him. But the cherry orchard
will separate all the characters at the end of the play.
The Cherry Orchard as a wonderful home for Ranevskaya exists only in her
wonderful past. The memory of childhood and youth is associated with it.
Ranevskaya appears in her house, where she has not been for five years. And this is hers
last, farewell visit to the Motherland. The heroine comes from abroad,
from the man who stole from her, but whom she still loves very much.
At home, Ranevskaya thought to find peace.
13
Nature itself in the play seems to remind her of the need for spirituality.
renewal, about beauty, about the happiness of human life.
Ranevskaya, devastated by love, returns to her estate in the spring. IN
cherry orchard - “white masses of flowers”, starlings sing, glitters above the garden
sky. Nature is preparing for renewal - and Ranevskaya’s soul is awakening
hopes for a new, clean, bright life: “All, all white! O my garden!
After a dark, unhappy autumn and a cold winter, you are young again, full
happiness, the heavenly angels have not abandoned you. If removed from the chest and shoulders
my heavy stone, if only I could forget my past!
But the past does not allow itself to be forgotten, since Ranevskaya herself lives with a feeling
of the past. She is the creation of a noble culture, which is disappearing before our eyes.
the present remains only in memories. A new one takes its place
class, new people - emerging bourgeois, businessmen, ready to do anything for
money. Both Ranevskaya and the garden are defenseless against the threat of death and ruin.
When Lopakhin offers her the only real way to save the house,
Ranevskaya replies: “Dachas and summer residents - it’s so vulgar, I’m sorry.”
It turns out that, on the one hand, Ranevskaya does not want to cut down the garden, so
how this is a symbol of her happy youth, her aspirations, hopes. Yes, besides
the garden in the spring is simply magnificent in its bloom - it would be a pity to cut down such beauty
because of some dachas. But, on the other hand, the author shows us indifference
Ranevskaya and to the fate of the cherry orchard, and to the fate of loved ones. All of her
mental strength, energy was absorbed by love passion, which enslaved
gradually the will of this woman drowned out her natural responsiveness to
the joys and sorrows of the people around you.
14
Emphasizing Ranevskaya's sense of indifference, Chekhov shows us
the heroine’s attitude towards telegrams from Paris.
This ratio is directly dependent on the degree of threat looming
over the garden. In the first action, while they only talk about the possibility of sale,
Ranevskaya “tears up the telegram without reading it.” In the second act it is already known
buyer - Ranevskaya reads and tears up the telegram. In the third act
auction took place - she admits that she decided to go to Paris to the man
who robbed her and abandoned her. In Paris, Ranevskaya is going to live on
the money that my grandmother sent to buy the estate.
The heroine completely forgot all the insults caused to her by her ex.
beloved. In Russia, she leaves everyone to their fate. Varya,
Ranevskaya's adopted daughter is forced to become a housekeeper for the Ragulins. Love
Andreevna does not care at all about her fate, although she made an attempt
marry Varya to Lopakhin. But this attempt was unsuccessful.
Ranevskaya is impractical, selfish, careless. She forgets about Firs,
servant who worked for them all his life. She is not happy with her daughters' lives
- neither Ani nor Varya, forgetting about them in the heat of her passion. It is unknown for what
whim, Ranevskaya throws a ball while auctions are going on in the city, although
she herself understands the inappropriateness of what is happening: “And the musicians came
inopportunely, and we started the ball inopportunely... Well, nothing... (Sits down and quietly
crying)."
But, at the same time, the heroine is kind, responsive, and her feeling does not fade
beauty. She is ready to help everyone, ready to give her last money.
15
So, Ranevskaya gives the last gold piece to the drunkard. But hers is also visible in this
impracticality. She knows that at home Varya feeds everyone milk soup, and
servants - peas. But this is the nature of this heroine.
Ranevskaya Lyubov Andreevna, as mentioned above, is bright
representative of the passing century. Landowner. Once accustomed to living on
wide leg, she is not able to realize and accept the fact that for her
there are no longer a couple of hundred serfs who were there before, and who
covered her expenses. During the years of living abroad, she never learned
practicality and rationality. Naive and kind, allows herself
to deceive everyone who is not too lazy, starting from her lover and ending with the lackey
Yasha. Sensitive and sentimental, she is completely unprepared for blows
fate, every time trying to run away from problems and troubles. When six years ago
her son drowned in the river, she could not recover from grief, and, leaving everything, left
abroad. The second time she will run away to Paris when her estate is bought up
Lopakhin.
The image of Ranevskaya is very contradictory, it is impossible to say whether she is good or
bad. In the play, this image is not assessed unambiguously, since it is alive,
complex and contradictory in nature.
Anya is one of the main characters of the play
Anya, Lyubov Andreevna’s own daughter, is still naive and stupid
A girl who can easily get her head turned. Still almost a child, she is now
crossroads. Brought up on romantic books surrounded by those who love her
people, Anya looks at the world through rose-colored glasses. Kind and sensitive, she
tries as best he can to take care of his mother, protects her from attacks
Gaeva. Everyone in the house loves this girl for the purity of her soul and spontaneity.
actions.
16
After the sale of the garden and the departure of her mother, an opening opens up before her.
the need to take care of yourself. In the final scene, Anya shares
with my plans to graduate from high school and go to work. Everyone in the house understands
that the money that the Yaroslavl aunt gave to Ranevskaya will not last long. But
Anya is excited about the prospects opening up to her.
Petya's image
Petya Trofimov is perhaps the only person in the play for whom
the future exists as a conscious reality, as what he lives for.
This hero realizes the beauty of the cherry orchard, apparently more deeply than anyone else in
play. But he also understands better than others that the garden bears the imprint
slave past. Trofimov sees that the garden is doomed by the present, in which
there is no place for beauty where the predation of the Lopakhins triumphs.
The future is depicted by this hero as a triumph not only of justice,
but also beauty. That's why, when Anya complains that she stops loving her
cherry orchard, Petya says: “All of Russia is our garden. The earth is big and
It’s beautiful, there are many wonderful places on it.” And after the sale of the estate,
Trying to console her mother and clearly echoing Petya, Anya says: “We will plant a new
a garden more luxurious than this, you will see it, you will understand...”
In addition, Petya Trofimov utters those words that express the whole
the truth about the cherry orchard, in the image of which the whole country is hidden. He voices
that thought, which is probably hidden in the rest of the heroes somewhere far away in
consciousness. Petya says, turning to Anya: “Think, Anya, your grandfather, great-grandfather
and all your ancestors were serf-owners who owned living souls, and really
from every cherry in the garden, from every trunk, human beings do not look at you
beings, do you not hear the voices…”
17
It seems to me that a “pure soul” is, of course, the most
appropriate definition for Petya.
Of course, in the views of Petya, in his convictions that he and his comrades
should be "above love", there was a lot of naivety. But it should be remembered that
Trofimov was not the only one to sin with naive maximalism. These kinds of views
were very widely represented among radical youth
that time. They also manifested themselves in their own way during the times described by I.S.
Turgenev, and in subsequent decades.
Thus, Petya’s renunciation of love is similar to his refusal of money,
which Lopakhin offers him. In one and the other case, Trofimov
comes from the conviction that he is a “free man”, since he has no control over him
not the slightest power, everything that is so highly valued by people who live like him
outdated concepts and traditions.
convinced
old,
The image of Petya Trofimov is of great importance in the play. He is not
ghostly, like Gaev or Ranevskaya, he is real and accepts life itself
really. It seems that Petya Trofimov is the only sane one, if that’s possible
say, of all the characters in the play. And then it seems that he is capable
turn things around with the cherry orchard in the other direction: help save. But
this doesn't happen.
Apparently, Chekhov did this intentionally to show the outcome of the case, the most
tragic, sad, but real. Chekhov did not come up with something miraculous
salvation to finally open people's eyes. For Petya everything
what happened to the garden is the beginning of a new life, in any case, he is very
I want to believe in it, the life for which he lives, for which he strives.
18
But why shouldn’t he grow new seeds on already prepared soil? Or
Is this soil not suitable for giving new life? Philosophical
questions in the play constantly arise before the reader. And they are not only
in the plot itself, they are in the characters themselves, who are in “The Cherry Orchard”
great semantic load. The image of Petya Trofimov is among them,
perhaps one of the main ones.
This hero, to the best of his ability, helps those who are at the head of the movement. IN
Chekhov's play needed a representative of such a trend. Among the passive
figures in The Cherry Orchard, Petya is the only effective character,
a thinking character who makes others think. It doesn't always work out
but the essence is in that impulse, in that great mission (and in comparison with the actions
other characters she is really great!), which she performs in
work by Petya Trofimov. I think this hero can be called
a bearer of the truth of life, not afraid to admit it and try to correct it.
Image of Gaev
Gaev Leonid Andreevich, brother of Ranevskaya, is also a typical representative
of a passing era. And not only because he is categorically against cutting down the garden.
Their sentimentality is understandable. All my life was lived next to it
garden Both Leonid Andreevich and his sister are used to having everything decided for them
others: estate managers, peasants who paid rent. Therefore, they don't
they can offer nothing reasonable in the current situation, again
trying to shift their problems to Lopakhin, to the Yaroslavl aunt, to
anyone, but not themselves. Gaev is a player. He even thinks
card categories while away from the card table. After
sale of the estate, Leonid Andreevich was offered a place in a bank with a good
annual salary. But whether he will serve remains an open question.
19
Lopakhin as an image of the future drawn by Chekhov
Lopakhin Ermolai Alekseevich, a peasant son, and now, young and
successful merchant. He himself admits that he was and remains a man.
Of course, he has business acumen. But the educational and cultural
the level leaves much to be desired. He is well aware of this and it’s as if
is ashamed, admitting that he writes like a chicken with its paw. Lopakhin's proposal
cutting down a garden and handing over plots of land for the development of dachas is, in fact, not so
stupid in the light of new changes, but representatives of the outgoing century
they take him with hostility. Lopakhin is decisive and assertive. Can
achieve the goal. Can Lopakhin be called a predator?
The question is controversial. The predator would not offer his own option for obtaining
profit and saving the estate, but on the contrary, would do everything to get it
As soon as possible. But he patiently and persistently inspired Ranevskaya and Gaeva
way out of the current situation. And if the landowner's family accepted him
proposal, at best, Lopakhin would become a manager, and the main
Brother and sister would receive profits from the lands. Lopakhin, too, in his own way
tied to the estate. His ancestors lived on this land, this is his homeland, and
so he did everything possible to buy it, since the estate was all the same
was put up for sale. Don’t give up your homeland to Deriganov. His joy
can be understood. He, “that same Ermolai bought an estate, more beautiful than which
there is nothing in the world." He knows how to appreciate beauty. “And when my poppy bloomed, what
what a picture it was!” He also knows how to create this beauty.
Many literary critics believe that Petya Trofimov personifies
new Russia. I cannot agree with this point of view. It is Ermolai
Lopakhin is a peasant son and a merchant, working from morning till night, not this one
an eternal student, personifies the new Russia. Because when Petya
reasoned, criticizing others and calling on everyone to work, Lopakhin worked.
20
When Petya was talking about men whose lives were bad, Lopakhin gave
the opportunity for these men to earn their own bread when they planted poppies. AND
with a feeling of fulfillment, he can allow himself to admire the blooming
a field that gave him 40 thousand net profit. Exactly for such
people like Lopakhin are the future of Russia.
Features of the hero. The concept of “hero” does not apply to Chekhov’s characters.
in the traditional sense of the word (nothing “heroic” about them, of course,
no), that’s why in Chekhov studies they often use the term “Chekhovian”
character".
Memoirists testify that Chekhov was alien to pathos, external
manifestation of feelings, all sorts of theatrical effects. And his heroes are
"ordinary people. “Chekhov brought the ordinary to virtuosity, to genius
depiction of ordinary life. “Without a hero” - that’s how you can title everything
his writings and add to myself, not without sadness: “without heroism”” (V.V.
Rozanov).
In Chekhov's stories there is no division of heroes into positive and
negative. The author, as a rule, does not give preference to any of the
them. What is important for a writer is not to judge the characters, but to find out the reasons
misunderstandings between people.
Chekhov is a realistic author, and in the stories the character of the hero
is revealed in his relationships with other characters, in his
rootedness in everyday life circumstances, trifles, in his
depending on time. The heroes of Chekhov's stories are peasants, merchants,
landowners, high school students, doctors, officials... Moreover, the writer is not interested in
so much the social status of the characters as their behavior, psychology, their
human essence.
21
The formation of the so-called Chekhov hero (in contrast, for example, to
heroes N.V. Gogol, F.M. Dostoevsky, L.N. Tolstoy) ended at the beginning
1890s. This is an ordinary intellectual, an average person, educated,
often a talented, great worker who does his job without any
pathos (teaching, healing people, etc.), passed over during life
universal recognition, its value is more often recognized by others after
his death.
Chekhov's hero is most often lonely. He yearns for the lost meaning
life, about the lack of harmony, but believes in a wonderful life, in a free and
creative person.
22
Chapter 3
The image of the cherry orchard is the central image in Chekhov's comedy,
it is represented by the leitmotif of various time plans, involuntarily
connecting the past with the present. But the cherry orchard is not just a background
events taking place, he is a symbol of estate life. The fate of the estate
plot organizes the play. Already in the first act, immediately after the meeting
Ranevskaya, a discussion begins on saving the mortgaged estate from auction. IN
in the third act the estate is sold, in the fourth - farewell to the estate and
past life.
The Cherry Orchard represents not only the estate: it is a beautiful creation
nature that man must preserve.
The author pays great attention to this image, which is confirmed
detailed remarks and replicas of the characters. The whole atmosphere that
connected in the play with the image of the cherry orchard, serves to confirm it
enduring aesthetic value, the loss of which cannot but impoverish
spiritual life of people. That is why the image of the garden is included in the title.
The Cherry Orchard acts as a kind of moral criterion, according to
Not only the characters in the play, but also us, are determined in relation to it.
“The Cherry Orchard” is a comedy about careless Russian people,” wrote Yu,
Sobolev. In this play it turns into sadness and turns into anxiety. Big
number of comic scenes - Charlotte's tricks, Epikhodov's mistakes, stupid ones
Gaev’s speeches only intensify sadness, “longing for the ideal.” In classical
In comedy, vice is usually punished, virtue triumphs.
23
There are no clearly negative characters in Chekhov's play, and positive
are missing. The conflict of the work is also unclear at first glance. The thing is,
that the subject of the image in the playwright’s plays is not actually
action, their reluctance and inability to perform an act. This is exactly what
ridiculed in the comedies of Chekhov K.S. Stanislavsky noted a special
the nature of the conflict in the play “The Cherry Orchard”
The comedy of The Cherry Orchard is rooted in situations that reflect the comedy
the meaning of life itself. Chekhov interpreted this genre in a unique way. In his
comedy is a drama that, with subtle irony, ridicules
vulgarity. Traditional accusatory pathos, “laughter through tears”, according to
according to the apt remark of the writer Teffi, in Chekhov’s poetics it is replaced
"laughter instead of tears."
The play “The Cherry Orchard” was written by A.P. Chekhov in 1903, on
turn of the era. At this time, the author is full of the feeling that Russia is in
on the eve of huge changes. Like any person, Chekhov dreamed of the future,
about a new life that will bring people something bright, pure and beautiful.
It is this motive of waiting for a better life that sounds in the play “The Cherry Orchard.”
Chekhov feels that the old life is gradually leaving, and the new one is only just
is emerging.
How did Chekhov see the future? What kind of future did he dream of?
The title of the play is symbolic. “All of Russia is our garden,” Chekhov said.
Thinking about the death of the cherry orchard, about the fate of the inhabitants of the ruined estate,
he mentally imagined “all of Russia” at the turn of the era.
The Cherry Orchard is a complex and ambiguous image. It's not only
a specific garden, which is part of the estate of Gaev and Ranevskaya, but also the image
symbol.
It symbolizes not only the beauty of Russian nature, but, most importantly, the beauty
the lives of the people who grew this garden and admired it, the life that
24
garden
dies
The image of the cherry orchard unites all the characters in the play. On
death
With
together
at first glance, it seems that these are only relatives and old acquaintances,
by chance, those who gathered at the estate to solve their everyday problems
Problems. But that's not true. The writer connects characters of different ages and
social groups, and they will have to decide the fate of the garden one way or another, and
That means your own destiny.
The cherry orchard is a symbol of beauty. But who will save beauty if people
who are able to appreciate it, are unable to fight for it, but people who are energetic and
do active people look at it only as a source of profit and gain?
The Cherry Orchard is a symbol of a past and home that is dear to the heart. But
Is it possible to move forward when the sound of an ax is heard behind you,
destroying everything that was previously sacred? The cherry orchard is a symbol of goodness, and
therefore, expressions such as “cut off the roots”, “trample the flower” or
“hitting a tree with an ax” sounds blasphemous and inhumane.
Reflecting on the characters and actions of the characters in the play, we think
over the fate of Russia, which is the “cherry orchard” for us.
25
Conclusion
A.P. Chekhov, as a Russian writer and Russian intellectual, was concerned
the fate of the Motherland on the eve of social changes felt by society.
The system of images of the play “The Cherry Orchard” reflects the writer’s view of
past, present and future of Russia.
The images of the play represent, on the one hand, the social strata of Russia
on the eve of the turning point (nobility, merchants, common intelligentsia,
partly the peasantry). On the other hand, these groups peculiarly reflect
past, present and future of the country.
Russia itself is represented by the image of the Cherry Orchard, to which with tender
All the heroes are treated with love.
The personification of the past is the images of Ranevskaya and Gaev. This past,
leaving the historical arena of noble nests. In Gaev and Ranevskaya
there is no selfish calculation: the idea of selling is completely alien to them
underground cherry orchard for summer residents. They subtly sense the beauty of nature
(“To the right, at the turn of the gazebo, a white tree bent, looking like
woman "...). They are characterized by a certain childishness of perception: Ranevskaya
has a childish attitude towards money and does not count it. But this is not only childishness,
but also the habit of living regardless of expenses. Both Gaev and Ranevskaya are kind.
Lopakhin remembers how long ago Ranevskaya took pity on him. Regrets
Ranevskaya and Petya Trofimova with his disorder, and Anya, who
she was left without a dowry and a passerby.
But the time of the Gaevs and Ranevskys has passed. Their intelligence, inability to live,
carelessness turns into callousness and selfishness.
26
Ranevskaya squanders her fortune, leaving her daughter in the care of a foster child
daughter Varya, leaves for Paris with her lover, having received money from
Yaroslavl grandmother intended for Anya, she decides to return to
Paris to the man who practically robbed her, but she doesn’t think
How will Anya’s life turn out next? She takes care of the sick Firs,
asking if he was sent to the hospital, but she cannot check this and
doesn't want to. Ranevskaya is a man of words, but not of deeds. Firs stays in
boarded up house.
The result of the life of the nobles is the consequence of a life in debt, a life based on oppression
others.
As already mentioned, the role of the Cherry Orchard in the figurative system of the play is enormous.
It is around the cherry orchard that the external conflict begins, its
All the characters in the play express their attitude towards the garden. Therefore, humanly
the viewer and reader feel his fate tragically6 “... and you can only hear how
Far away in the garden they are knocking on a tree with an ax.”
Chekhov, both a writer and a playwright, is characterized by sensitive listening to
the beat of everyday life, the ability to find the most important social
problems and build your work so that these problems become
property of compatriots.
27
List of used literature
Chekhov A.P. The Cherry Orchard: Play/Preface. V. A. Bogdanova; Rice. V.P.
Panova.M.: Det. lit., 1980
Chekhov A.P. Collected works in 20 volumes. M., 1951
Bogdanov V. A. Premonition of the future Preface. K Cherry Orchard, M.:
Det. lit., 1980
Gromov M.P. Chekhov. M.. 1993
Ermilov V.V. Hello, new life! Introductory article to Chekhov
A.P. Cherry Orchard, M, Detgiz, 1963
Zakharkin D.F. Anton Pavlovich Chekhov Essay on life and work
M., Soviet Russia, 1961
Kapshev V.B. Chekhov's literary connections. M.. 1989
Kataev V.B. The complexity of simplicity: Stories and plays by Chekhov. 2nd ed.
M.: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1999
Paperiy Z.S. “Contrary to all the rules...” (Chekhov’s plays and vaudevilles).
M..1982.
Polotskikh E.A. The paths of Chekhov's heroes. M,. 1983.
Skaftymov A.P. On the unity of form and content in “Cherry Lard”
A.P. Chekhov. On the question of the principles of constructing plays by A.P. Chekhov //
Skaftymov A.P. Moral quests of Russian writers. M.. 1972.
Chekhov in the memoirs of his contemporaries. M., Goslitizdat, 1952
Chekhov and the theater. Letters. Feuilletons. Contemporaries about the playwright Chekhoved.
M.. 1961.
Chudikov A.P. Chekhov's poetics. M.. 1971
Chukovsky K.I. About Chekhov. M., 1967.
28
The play “The Cherry Orchard” was written by A.P. Chekhov in 1903, at the junction of eras, when the expectation of major and decisive changes was felt in all classes in Russia. And in his last work, A.P. Chekhov reflects on the fate of Russia, its future. “The Cherry Orchard” is called the writer’s swan song, and in this work his innovation was especially fully demonstrated.
This play has a rather simple plot, since the whole action revolves around the problem of who will get the cherry orchard. The characters of the play are united precisely by this image - the symbol of the garden, which is a kind of embodiment of their past, present or future life. As the plot develops, the character of the characters in the play is gradually revealed, and this leisurely, unhurried nature allows the author to show the inner conflict of the human soul.
The play takes place on the estate of landowner Lyubov Andreevna Ranevskaya. The social conflict of the play is the conflict between the departing nobility and the bourgeoisie that replaced it. Another plot line is socio-romantic. A.P. Chekhov himself says through the lips of his heroes: “All of Russia is our garden.” But Anya and Petya Trofimov’s dream is shattered by Lopakhin’s practicality, by whose will the cherry orchard is cut down. The nobility, which was accustomed to living idlely, spending, but not making money, was unable to adapt to the new conditions after the abolition of serfdom. And Ranevskaya’s estate was mortgaged and remortgaged; she “lost” her fortune long ago, but due to habit she cannot change her wasteful lifestyle. Ranevskaya does not understand that the coming time requires constant efforts from her, but Lyubov Andreevna lives with emotions, memories of the past, she is confused, broken by everything that is happening and most likely is simply afraid to think about the present. But she is just a woman, spoiled by many years of idle life, and she can be understood, but her brother Gaev is a mixture of stupid conceit and complete insignificance in everything. An important detail in describing Gaev’s character is that at his age his old lackey Firs continues to put on his pants. Gaev declares that he “ate away all his fortune on candy,” he makes long speeches, and this is just a parody of a cultured and educated person. In Russian classical literature, Gaev became the final stage in the gallery of “extra people.”
Lopakhin, a “beast of prey,” according to Petya Trofimov’s definition, becomes a clear contrast to the owners of the cherry orchard. Lopakhin's energy and economic determination are contrasted with the carelessness and impracticality of the old owners of the cherry orchard. He is a descendant of serfs, those “whose faces look out from every cherry tree in the garden,” and therefore he passes by buying an estate. Petya Trofimov says about Lopakhin: “Just as in the sense of metabolism a predatory beast is needed that eats everything that comes in its way, so you are needed.”
Ranevskaya’s tears shock Lopakhin, he understands that not everything can be bought and sold, but the practicality of the “man” wins over him. His soul will sooner or later harden, because the “businessman” in him will always prevail.
The heroes see their future differently. Ranevskaya believes that her life is over. Anya and Petya see this as a chance to start a new life and grow their own garden. The Cherry Orchard has become a vivid symbol of the past, and both Ranevskaya and old Firs, who are forgotten in an empty, boarded-up house, leave with it.
The plot, the characters, and the problems of the play show us Russia at a crossroads, a Russia in which the past has not yet been completely outlived, where the present has not yet finally come, but the future is already peeping through. The passive dreamer and idealist Petya Trofimov is unlikely to be able to change his life; it is not for nothing that he is called the “shabby gentleman”. But, according to A.P. Chekhov, it is Petya who should replace Lopakhin, because it is in his mouth that the author puts the idea that "all of Russia is our garden." A.P. Chekhov was deeply convinced that a person needs the entire globe to be free. A storm was approaching, and A.P. Chekhov foresaw and waited for it.
The play “The Cherry Orchard” was the result of the writer’s creative path. With this play, with the help of the plot, characters and problems, A.P. Chekhov completed the ideological debunking of the nobility, begun by Turgenev in the novel Fathers and Sons. Over the many years that have passed since the abolition of serfdom, the nobility has largely lost its economic position; it gradually disappeared from the historical arena. The new owner of the cherry orchard is also not a positive hero for A.P. Chekhov. Although he is, of course, more viable and has a strong grip, in the pursuit of profit, people like him, undoubtedly, unfortunately, destroy spiritual values.
THE PLACE OF THE CHERRY ORCHARD IN THE SYSTEM OF IMAGES OF A. P. CHEKHOV’S PLAY “THE CHERRY ORCHARD”. SYMBOLIC MEANING OF THE TITLE. Tsurkan Alla Vladimirovna teacher of Russian language and literature Odessa secondary school 20
“The weather is wonderful. Everything sings, blooms, sparkles with beauty. All these trees bloom white, making them strikingly similar to brides during their wedding.” (From a letter from A.P. Chekhov)
“Listening to Chekhov’s play, when reading it it does not give the impression of a major thing. Not a word of anything new. Everything - mood, ideas - if you can talk about them - faces, all this was already in his plays. Of course, it’s beautiful, and – of course – it will waft green melancholy onto the audience from the stage. I don’t know what the melancholy is about.” (M. Gorky)
Plot (from the French sujet - subject, content) - a system of events in a work of art that reveals the characters of the characters and the writer’s attitude to the phenomena depicted; - sequence, course of events that makes up the content of a work of art. The plot is based on conflict.
Analytical conversation What is the relationship between the concepts symbol and allegory? What is the fundamental difference between these concepts? Express the idea by inserting the words “symbol” and “allegory” into the sentence with gaps: “In the individual it is brought in to visually show the generality, and in the visual picture it illustrates some kind of generality” (A.F. Losev). Name the central image-symbol of A.P. Chekhov’s play “The Cherry Orchard” and give the maximum number of interpretations of it, justifying all interpretations.
Theses A generalized symbolic subtext is embedded in the system of images: all the main classes, three generations are represented; heroes are divided into “people of phrase” and “people of action”, isolated in the system of images of “victims and predators, unfortunate and happy”; all heroes can be called “klutzes” in one way or another.
The play has a system of symbolic oppositions (dream - reality, happiness - trouble, past - future). -In the speech of the heroes there are traditional symbols, words-emblems. (Trofimov: “we are moving uncontrollably towards a bright star.” -Plot twists in A.P. Chekhov’s play often acquire symbolic overtones. (Final of the play. Blame for the tragic outcome of Firs’ life is placed on all the main characters of the play).
The author's remarks sometimes transform the action into a conventional plan. (Petya captivates Anya with loud words that are filled with faith in a wonderful future: “I have a presentiment of happiness..., I already see it...” It is no coincidence that the author’s remark mentions Epikhodov, who “plays the same sad song on the guitar.” This is how the author’s doubt about the validity of Petit’s premonitions is manifested.
General conversation Determine the chronological framework of the play. What is the peculiarity of the spatio-temporal organization of The Cherry Orchard? How is the theme of passing time revealed in the actions of the characters? What do you think is the internal conflict of the play? Do you think A.P. Chekhov’s play “The Cherry Orchard” is a drama or a comedy? Who is to blame for the death of The Cherry Orchard? How does Ranevskaya’s environment and proximity to other characters in the play affect the reader’s attitude towards Lyubov Andreevna’s drama? What makes you regret, and what hopes does “The Cherry Orchard” by A.P. Chekhov raise? What are your impressions of the work of a writer, playwright, or just a person? Has anything changed in your initial perception of his work and himself?
Internet resources ugolki.html
The singular is drawn to visual\nshow the generality, and in a visual picture\nillustrate any generality” (A.F. Losev).\n \nName the central image-symbol of the play\nА. P. Chekhov "The Cherry Orchard" and give the maximum\nnumber of its interpretations, justifying all interpretations..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29 \/30\/1\/f\/2-page-12_300.jpg"),("number":13,"text":"abstracts\n The generalized symbolic subtext\nis embedded in the system of images: all the main estates, three generations;\nheroes are divided into "people of phrase" and "people of deed", singled out in the system of images\n"victims and predators, unfortunate and \nhappy"; all heroes can be called "stupid" in one way or another. .jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/1\/f\/2-page-13_300.jpg" ),("number":14,"text":"- The play has a system of \nsymbolic contrasts (dream - reality, \nhappiness - misfortune, past - future).\n- Traditional \nsymbols, words- emblems. (Trofimov: “we\nare moving uncontrollably towards a bright star.”\n- Plot twists in A.P. Chekhov’s play often\nacquire symbolic overtones. (Final\nof the play. The blame for the tragic ending of Firs’ life is placed on all the main characters \nplays)..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/1\/f\/2-page- 14_300.jpg"),("number":15,"text":"The author's remarks sometimes transfer\nthe action into a conventional plan. (Petya fascinates Anya with loud words, which are filled with faith in a wonderful future: “I have a presentiment of happiness..., I already see it...” It is no coincidence that the author’s remark mentions Epikhodov, who plays guitar, the same sad song."\nThis is how the author's doubt about the\njustice of Petya's premonitions is manifested..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\ /30\/1\/f\/2-page-15_300.jpg"),("number":16,"text":"General conversation\n Determine the chronological framework of the play. What\nis the peculiarity of the space-time organization of "The Cherry Orchard"?\n \nHow is the theme of passing time revealed in the actions of the characters?\n \nWhat, in your opinion, is the internal conflict of the play?\n \nDoes A. P. Chekhov's play seem to you to be a drama or a comedy\n"The Cherry Orchard" garden"?\n \nWho is to blame for the death of "The Cherry Orchard"?\n \nHow does Ranevskaya's environment and proximity to other characters in the play influence the reader's attitude towards Lyubov Andreevna's drama?\n \nWhat makes you regret, and what hopes does " The Cherry Orchard by A.P. Chekhov?\n \nWhat are your impressions of the work of the writer, playwright, or just a person? Has anything changed in your initial perception of his\ncreativity and himself?.jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30 \/1\/f\/2-page-16_300..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/ 1\/f\/2-page-17_300.jpg"),("number":18,"text":""All of Russia is our garden."\n\n"We will plant a new garden,\nmore luxurious than this." .jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/1\/f\/2-page-18_300.jpg" ),("number":19,"text":"Homework\nWrite a miniature essay,\nproposing your own option for saving\nthe cherry orchard..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\ /\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/1\/f\/2-page-19_300.jpg"),("number":20,"text":"Internet resources\nhttp :\/\/www.0lik.ru\/cliparts\/clipartrastr\/180727-klenovye-ugolki.h\ntml\nhttp:\/\/www.google.ru\/imgres\nhttp:\/\/www .google..jpg","smallImageUrl":"http:\/\/pedsovet.su\/\/_load-files\/load\/29\/30\/1\/f\/2-page-20_300 .jpg")]">