Turkic-speaking population. Turkic group of languages: peoples, classification, distribution and interesting facts

Dear friends! In our opinion, our brother from Karachaystan Hasan Khalkech raises an important issue. We ask you to join the discussion of the problem so that we can all have a reasonable figure on the number of Turks in the world.

Amansyz ba Ermentai keke!

I found your material on the Internet regarding the preparation of our Kurultai.

In this regard, I present the data collected by me over the course of many years, which I have processed these days in relation to the size of our ethnic group.

The question is very important, especially since the data are very divergent. Turkophobes have only 80 million Turks, Turkophiles have up to 400 million people. Plus, there are scientifically substantiated data that three hundred million of the current Chinese population recognize themselves as Turks, once forcibly assimilated by China. Moreover, they put forward demands to the Chinese leadership that they create conditions for the restoration of the former native Turkic language. The question deserves attention, but let's move on to a closer question: how many of us are Turks in the world today? Is it acceptable for each of us to name a different number?

I propose that these preliminary data be sent out for general discussion. I tried to be more realistic than Turkophiles. I hope that after discussion we can settle on a more accurate figure for each nation, and our total number.

Kurmetpen Hasan Halkoch.
Karachaystan.

"KARACHAY" ATLY
PUBLIC FUND FOUNDATION "KARACHAY"

369222 Karachaevsky district.
8 903 422 44 95 369222
a. Kumysh per. Skalny d. No. 7
[email protected]

1 Turkish Turks —————————————— 100 million;

2 Azerbaijani Turks—————————- 60 million;

3 Uzbek Turks——————————————- 50 million;

4​ Uighur Turks——————————————- 30 million;

5​ Kazakh Turks—————————————————20 million;

6​ Turkic, autochthonous peoples of America—————20 million;

7​ Turkmen Turks———————————————20 million;

8​ Kazan Tatar Turks————————————- 10 million;

9​ Kyrgyz Turks——————————————— 8 million;

10 Chuvash Turks——————————————- 2 ml

11​ Bashkort Turks——————————————2 million;

12​ Qashqai Turks——————————————2 million;

13 Mazandaran Turks (Iran)———————— 2 million;

14​ Karakalpak Turks————————————— 1 million;

15​ Crimean Turks——————————————— 1 million;

16 Siberian Tatar Turks——————————500 thousand;

17​ Kumyk Turks—————————————— 500 thousand;

18 Sakaa - Yakut Turks———————————500 thousand;

19​ Meskhetian Turks —————————————500 thousand;

20 Tuva Turki—————————————————300 thousand;

21​ Tyva - Todzhintsy——————————————- 50 thousand;

22​ Gagauz Turks———————————————300 thousand;

23​ Karachay Turks—————————————- 300 thousand;

24 Balkar Turks—————————————— 150 thousand;

25 Altai Turks———————————————80 thousand;

26​ Khakass Turks——————————————-80 thousand;

27​ Nogai Turks———————————————90 thousand;

28​ Qajar Turks—————————————— 40 thousand;

29​ Shor Turks————————————————-16 thousand;

30​ Teleut Turks——————————————- 3 thousand;

31​ Kumandin Turks——————————————3 thousand;

32 Tofalar Turks————————————————-1 thousand;

33​ Karaim Turks—————————————— 3 thousand;

34​ Krymchak Turks—————————————- 1 thousand;

35​ Salar Turks——————————————- 200 thousand;

36 Sary Uighur Turks (China)———————— 500 thousand;

37 Afshar Turks (northern Iran)——————— 400 thousand;

38​ Nagaybak Turks——————————————— 10 thousand;

39​ Chulym Turks———————————————— 1 thousand;

Notes:

1 Note that this data is preliminary, collected and compiled for general discussion. We ask representatives from each people to make additions and clarifications for all peoples, especially for their own people.

2 For individual peoples.

- Turkish Turks - 100 million people.

Turkey has a specific clear law: All citizens of Turkey are Turks. This is not an infringement of their rights, but we are talking primarily about real equality. While respecting Turkey and the Turkish people, we must also respect the laws of Turkey. So, about 80 million Turkish citizens. There are 2 million Turks in Bulgaria, 1.5 million in Greece, and out of more than 5 million Turks in Germany, the overwhelming majority are Turks. In all the Balkan states, later in Holland and almost in all European countries, from a hundred or more thousand Turks. There are about one million Turks in the USA.

- Azerbaijanis - 60 million people.

The population of Northern Azerbaijan is about 10 million people. About South Azerbaijan, which is part of Iran, we can draw the following conclusion: the population of the country is about 80 million people, of which, according to some statistics, 51% of the population are Turks: Azerbaijanis, Qashqais, Mazandarans, Turkmens, Afshars, Qajars.

- Uzbeks 50 million people.

The population of Uzbekistan is more than 30 million people, of which, in addition to 5 million, Uzbeks. Among the more than thirty million people of Afghanistan, more than 10 Turkic population: Uzbeks, Turkmens, Kirghiz. In East Turkestan, along with the Uighurs, Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Kirghiz also live. The Russian diaspora of Uzbeks began to amount to two or more million people.

- Uighurs - 30 million people.

- Kazakhs - 20 million.

We remember well such data: before developing the "virgin lands", the territories inhabited by the Kazakhs for a long time, at first they really turned into a real virgin lands. In the 30s, the republic was ruled by the protege of the Kremlin, Goloshchekin. Under him, out of six million Kazakhs, after creating an artificial famine, two million Kazakhs remained. But, as Olzhas Suleymanov recalled the ancient Kazakh wise proverb: "There were six brothers, they died, they died, seven remained."

Even before the collapse of the USSR, official statistics stated that the number of Kazakhs in the world had reached 10 million. This is an indicator of the high vitality of the people, their high natural increase. Over a period of about thirty years, the number has doubled. In the aforementioned East Turkestan, geographically adjacent to Kazakhstan, there is the Ile Kazakh Autonomous Region. 2 million Kazakhs live there. Approximately the same number in Uzbekistan. There are one million people in Russia. There are also Kazakh diasporas in Afghanistan, Turkey, Germany, the USA.

- Indigenous (autochthonous) peoples of the American continent of Turkic nationality - 20 million. The issue is very delicate, studied so far in narrow scientific circles, but one hundred percent real.

In the map of the languages ​​of this continent, the absolute majority of the Indians of Canada, the USA, and Mexico are Turkic peoples. In South American countries, they are a minority.

In order not to clutter up the main topic, we will not dwell on the American Turks, because this is a separate and very capacious topic. Let us confirm that the figure of 20 million is real. It is possible that there are more of them. Another thing is important: the Eurasian Turks and the American Turks should be in close contact and as part of the VATN.

- Turkmens - 20 million people.

Here we refer, firstly, to the testimony of delegates of Turkmen nationality at pan-Turkic forums, each in his country of residence. Secondly, for clarification by a knowledgeable Turkmen, which is quite consistent with individual indicators.

1 In Turkmenistan, about 7 million;

2​ Iraq——————- 3 million;

3 Iran——————— 3 million;

4 Syria———————- 3 million;

5 Turkey ———————- 1 million;

6 Afghanistan————— 1 million;

7 Stavropol ——-500 thousand;

8​ In other countries——— 500 thousand.

- Kazan Tatars - 10 million people.

It is quite possible that there are twice as many Kazan Tatars. Petersburg and Moscow alone have a diaspora of one million people each. Throughout Russia, from Kaliningrad (Könisberg) to Sakhalin, there is not only no region, but it is impossible to find an area where the Tatars do not live, and compactly. This is one of our peoples, whose numbers are stubbornly and diligently underestimated. Meanwhile, there was the Golden Horde, its population, although often subjected to extermination, is reborn again, survives and lives in the same place where they have lived for thousands of years.

- Kyrgyz Turks - 8 million people.

In addition to Kyrgyzstan, from time immemorial they live in the present territories of East Turkestan, Afghanistan, and Kazakhstan.

- Chuvash - 2 million people.

According to the testimony of the Chuvash historian, academician Mishsha Yukhma Alexandrovich, when determining the boundaries of the autonomous republics, Chuvashia got only a third of their original territory. Two-thirds of the territories are called neighboring provinces. The number of Chuvash Turks is just as underestimated.

Representative of the VATN from the Karachay Turks: Hasan Halkoch

About 90% of Turkic peoples former USSR belong to the Islamic faith. Most of them inhabit Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The rest of the Muslim Turks live in the Volga region and the Caucasus. Of the Turkic peoples, only the Gagauz and Chuvash living in Europe, as well as the Yakuts and Tuvans living in Asia, were not affected by Islam. The Turks have no common physical features, and only language unites them.

The Volga Turks - Tatars, Chuvashs, Bashkirs - were under the long influence of Slavic settlers, and now their ethnic regions do not have clear boundaries. The Turkmens and Uzbeks were influenced by Persian culture, and the Kirghiz - by the long-term influence of the Mongols. Some nomadic Turkic peoples suffered significant losses during the period of collectivization, which forcibly attached them to the land.

In the Russian Federation, the peoples of this language group constitute the second largest "bloc". All Turkic languages ​​are very close to each other, although usually several branches are distinguished in their composition: Kypchak, Oguz, Bulgar, Karluk, etc.

Tatars (5522 thousand people) are concentrated mainly in Tataria (1765.4 thousand people), Bashkiria (1120.7 thousand people),

Udmurtia (110.5 thousand people), Mordovia (47.3 thousand people), Chuvashia (35.7 thousand people), Mari El (43.8 thousand people), however, they live dispersed in all regions of European Russia, as well as in Siberia and the Far East. The Tatar population is divided into three main ethno-territorial groups: Volga-Ural, Siberian and Astrakhan Tatars. The Tatar literary language was formed on the basis of the middle one, but with a noticeable participation of the Western dialect. A special group of Crimean Tatars stands out (21.3 thousand people; in Ukraine, mainly in the Crimea, about 270 thousand people), who speak a special, Crimean Tatar language.

Bashkirs (1345.3 thousand people) live in Bashkiria, as well as in the Chelyabinsk, Orenburg, Perm, Sverdlovsk, Kurgan, Tyumen regions and in Central Asia. Outside of Bashkiria, 40.4% of the Bashkir population lives in the Russian Federation, and in Bashkiria itself, this titular people is the third largest ethnic group after the Tatars and Russians.

Chuvashs (1773.6 thousand people) linguistically represent a special, Bulgar, branch of the Turkic languages. In Chuvashia, the titular population is 907 thousand people, in Tataria - 134.2 thousand people, in Bashkiria - 118.6 thousand people, in the Samara region - 117.8

thousand people, in the Ulyanovsk region - 116.5 thousand people. However, at present, the Chuvash people have a relatively high degree of consolidation.

Kazakhs (636 thousand people, the total number in the world is more than 9 million people) were divided into three territorial nomadic associations: Semirechye - Senior Zhuz (uly zhuz), Central Kazakhstan - Middle Zhuz (orta zhuz), Western Kazakhstan - Junior Zhuz (kishi zhuz). The zhuz structure of the Kazakhs has been preserved to this day.

Azerbaijanis (in the Russian Federation 335.9 thousand people, in Azerbaijan 5805 thousand people, in Iran about 10 million people, in total about 17 million people in the world) speak the language of the Oguz branch of the Turkic languages. The Azerbaijani language is divided into eastern, western, northern and southern dialect groups. For the most part, Azerbaijanis profess Shiite Islam, and Sunnism is widespread only in the north of Azerbaijan.

Gagauz (in the Russian Federation 10.1 thousand people) live in the Tyumen region, Khabarovsk Territory, Moscow, St. Petersburg; the majority of the Gagauz live in Moldova (153.5 thousand people) and Ukraine (31.9 thousand people); separate groups - in Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Canada and Brazil. The Gagauz language belongs to the Oguz branch of the Turkic languages. 87.4% of the Gagauz consider the Gagauz language as their native language. By religion, the Gagauz are Orthodox.

Meskhetian Turks (9.9 thousand people in the Russian Federation) also live in Uzbekistan (106 thousand people), Kazakhstan (49.6 thousand people), Kyrgyzstan (21.3 thousand people), Azerbaijan ( 17.7 thousand people). The total number in the former USSR is 207.5 thousand people.

People speak Turkish.

Khakasses (78.5 thousand people) - the indigenous population of the Republic of Khakassia (62.9 thousand people), also live in Tuva (2.3 thousand people), Krasnoyarsk Territory (5.2 thousand people) .

Tuvinians (206.2 thousand people, of which 198.4 thousand people live in Tuva). They also live in Mongolia (25 thousand people), China (3 thousand people). The total number of Tuvans is 235 thousand people. They are divided into western (mountain-steppe regions of western, central and southern Tuva) and eastern, or Todzha Tuvans (mountain-taiga part of northeastern and southeastern Tuva).

Altaians (self-name Altai-Kizhi) are the indigenous population of the Altai Republic. 69.4 thousand people live in the Russian Federation, including 59.1 thousand people in the Altai Republic. Their total number is 70.8 thousand people. There are ethnographic groups of northern and southern Altaians. The Altai language is divided into northern (Tuba, Kumandin, Cheskan) and southern (Altai-Kizhi, Telengit) dialects. Most of the believing Altaians are Orthodox, there are Baptists, etc. At the beginning of the 20th century. Burkhanism, a kind of Lamaism with elements of shamanism, spread among the southern Altaians. During the 1989 census, 89.3% of Altaians called their language their native language, and 77.7% indicated that they were fluent in Russian.

Teleuts are currently distinguished as a separate people. They speak one of the southern dialects of the Altaic language. Their number is 3 thousand people, and the majority (about 2.5 thousand people) live in rural areas and cities of the Kemerovo region. The main part of believing Teleuts are Orthodox, but traditional religious beliefs are also widespread among them.

Chulyms (Chulym Turks) live in the Tomsk region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory in the basin of the river. Chulym and its tributaries Yaya and Kiya. Number - 0.75 thousand people. Believing Chulyms are Orthodox Christians.

Uzbeks (126.9 thousand people) live in the diaspora in Moscow and the Moscow region, in St. Petersburg and in the regions of Siberia. The total number of Uzbeks in the world reaches 18.5 million people.

Kirghiz (in the Russian Federation about 41.7 thousand people) - the main population of Kyrgyzstan (2229.7 thousand people). They also live in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Xinjiang (PRC), Mongolia. The total number of the Kyrgyz population of the world exceeds 2.5 million people.

Karakalpaks (6.2 thousand people) in the Russian Federation live mainly in cities (73.7%), although in Central Asia they make up a predominantly rural population. The total number of Karakalpaks exceeds 423.5

thousand people, of which 411.9 live in Uzbekistan

Karachays (150.3 thousand people) - the indigenous population of Karachay (in Karachay-Cherkessia), where most of them live (over 129.4 thousand people). Karachays also live in Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Turkey, Syria, and the USA. They speak the Karachay-Balkarian language.

Balkars (78.3 thousand people) - the indigenous population of Kabardino-Balkaria (70.8 thousand people). They also live in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. Their total number reaches 85.1

thousand people The Balkars and their kindred Karachais are Sunni Muslims.

Kumyks (277.2 thousand people, of which in Dagestan - 231.8 thousand people, in Checheno-Ingushetia - 9.9 thousand people, in North Ossetia - 9.5 thousand people; total number - 282.2

thousand people) - the indigenous population of the Kumyk plain and the foothills of Dagestan. For the most part (97.4%), they retained their native language - Kumyk.

The Nogais (73.7 thousand people) are settled within Dagestan (28.3 thousand people), Chechnya (6.9 thousand people) and the Stavropol Territory. They also live in Turkey, Romania and some other countries. The Nogai language breaks up into the Karanogai and Kuban dialects. Believing Nogais are Sunni Muslims.

The Shors (the self-designation of the Shors) reach the number of 15.7 thousand people. The Shors are the indigenous population of the Kemerovo region (Gornaya Shoria), they also live in Khakassia and the Altai Republic. Believing Shors are Orthodox Christians.

On September 7, a live broadcast of the Alpari Club Day project took place. Alexander Razuvaev's questions were answered by the Director of the Gumilyov Center Pavel Zarifullin.
At the Club Day, we reviewed the current geopolitical situation in the Middle East and Central Asia. Particular attention was paid to the settlement of the Russian-Turkish crisis, the mediating role in this of Baku and Astana. As well as the ethno-trainings of the Lev Gumilyov Center to overcome the Russian-Turkish crisis. Pavel Zarifullin also answered in detail the question: who are the Turks? About their role in world history and the formation of Russia.

Who are the Turkic peoples? What unites them? Where do they live?

The Turkic peoples are a group of peoples who speak similar Turkic languages. Dispersed very widely. From the Balkan Peninsula, where the Turks and Gagauz live, to our harsh taiga, to Yakutia, because the Yakuts are also Turks. Well, the word "taiga" is of Turkic origin.
Those. this is a huge number of people, millions, hundreds of millions, scattered throughout the Eurasian continent from the Arctic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. And, of course, all these peoples have a common root - one of the largest states of antiquity or the Middle Ages or the era that was just between the era of antiquity and the Middle Ages - this is the Turkic Khaganate. A giant state the size of the Soviet Union, which was already in the 6th century, we know very little about it.
But there is a Eurasian idea, the idea of ​​Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov, that our father Genghis Khan, our mother the Golden Horde, that modern Great Russia or the Moscow Kingdom, originated within the Golden Horde, adopting the main successes and skills of this country.
But if you dig further - who is the grandfather in this case of our country, the Russian Federation? And the grandfather of our country is the Great Turkic Khaganate, from which not only the Turkic peoples, but also many others have grown. And Iranian, and Finnish, and Slavic.

The Turkic Khaganate is the era of conquests and campaigns, the era of the emergence of the Great Silk Road, as an economic phenomenon, a phenomenon of economic integration. Turkic El in the 6th century simultaneously bordered on Byzantium, Iran, China, controlled the Great Silk. And, thanks to the Turkic Khaganate, the Byzantines, Europeans could meet with the Chinese even then. Those. The Turks have a huge, glorious past.

There were many other Turkic states, for example, the Seljuk sultanates, the Ottoman Empire, Desht-i-Kipchak. The Turks gave Russia an aristocracy. Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov perfectly described that from half to three-quarters of Russian noble families were of Turkic or Mongolian origin. Actually, this can be seen from the names of the great glorious families: Suvorov, Kutuzov, Apraksin, Alyabyev, Davydov, Chaadaev, Turgenev - these are Turkic surnames. Those. the proverb of Turgenev, the descendant of the Turkic aristocrat himself: “scratch a Russian - you will find a Tatar”, i.e. Turkic - it has the most direct relation to our country. So, our grandfather is the Turkic Khaganate, and if you cross us for a long time, then, of course, the Russian will have a lot of Turkic.

And what is the percentage of originally Persian and Turkic words in Russian?

Theodore Shumovsky, an accomplice of Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov (they were in the same case in the "Crosses"), an outstanding Russian linguist, philologist, translator of the Koran, said that from a third to a half of Russian words are of Turkic and Persian origin. Why Turkic and Persian, because the Turkic and Persian peoples lived side by side for thousands of years, just as the Russians actually once lived together. And a lot of words have a mixed origin, for example, the Russian word "hearth", it has a Turkic-Persian origin. The first part of the word is Turkic, and the second is Persian. "Otjah" or "otgah." Initially, the word "Ateshgah" itself means "temple of fire worshipers". This is the name of the sanctuaries in Iran in Azerbaijan, the temples of the Zoroastrians. The Russian word "hearth" seemed to bud off from him, formed. According to one version, the very word "book" has a Turkic-Persian origin. From the word "kan" - knowledge, "gyah" - place, i.e. "place of knowledge". Then, among the Turks and Persians, this word replaced the Arabic word "kitab". But we still use our Turkic-Persian past.
And, of course, the heroes of our fairy tales, such as Kashchei the Immortal or Baba Yaga, are of Turkic origin. Because the word "kashchei" is from the old Turkic "kus" - a bird. Kashchei - "shaman - bird worshiper", a fortuneteller on the flights of birds. The Turks worshiped birds, like people who came from Siberia, from Altai. Altaians still worship birds, messengers. And many Turkic families had bird patrons. Actually, the Russians adopted a lot from them and the names of our cities Kursk, Galich, Voronezh, Uglich, Oryol, they have a similar function in the name, etymology. They fix bird patrons of regions and cities. So, "kashchei" is from the Turkic word "kus" - "bird". Yes, and the word "art" from the same root. How to soar. Or the word "bush" - the place where the bird lives. "Kashchei the Deathless" is a shaman - a bird worshiper, he looks like a skeleton in a costume, our wonderful character. Let's add that Kashchei is a king. In the same Rome, the August kings descended from bird fortunetellers - from augurs. The figure of Kashchei in the Russian fairy tale depicts very ancient legends and archetypes. And, as we can see, they are of Turkic origin.
Or Baba Yaga, translated from Turkic simply as "white old man", white sorcerer. In Russian conditions, where matriarchy was strong in ancient times, the elder “changed” his gender. But although the white old man, I think the creature is already asexual, because. this is a sacred creature that performs magical and healer functions.

It turns out that the Turkic is deeply embedded in us. For example, we watch Channel One, but we don’t think why it is “first”? After all, there is a Russian word "one", "one". And why is he not a "single" channel? The word "first" is from the Turkic "ber", "bir" - one. Those. "first" from "bervy". The account was instilled from the Horde, and maybe even earlier - during the time of the Turkic Khaganate. The word "altyn" came to us that way, i.e. "gold". Actually, the "first" came from there. The Russian word "fatherland", of course, from "ati" - "father". Because the Slavs were once part of the most diverse state formations that the Turks created, the Golden Horde, the Turkic Khaganate.
Well, even if you remember earlier, the ancestors of the Turks are the Huns. Their language is called Proto-Turkic. This is the empire of Attila. "Attila" is also not a name. This is an initiatory title, like "father of peoples" - from "ati". We all know the words “fatherland”, father, but our father turns out to be Turkic, according to this logic. What is reflected in the Russian language.

Not everyone remembers our previous club days. In one of them, you said that in fact the Great Russians, as an ethnic group, they just appeared somewhere in the time of Ivan the Terrible, i.e. ethnos originated in the Horde. And we kept in touch with the more ancient, ancient Russian ethnic group, which in fact was already in the decline stage during the period of Kievan Rus. This is the question, how Russians, as an ethnic group - a young ethnic group, how strong was the Turkic component in it, and at the same time the connection with what historians call Kievan Rus?

Well, the ethnogenesis of the Great Russians, modern Russians, is very complex. After all, there was the arrival of the Slavs in Zalesye, but these territories were Finnish initially. We talked about the place of the Turks in our language and ethnic group. But all the old names of cities, rivers, lakes are still Finnish. "Oka" is translated from Turkic "white" and "Volga" - "white", but only from Finnish dialects. Sudogda, Vologda, Murom are Finnish names. And the ethnogenesis of the Great Russians took place in a peculiar way. These are people from the Horde, the Turkic and Mongol aristocracy, and Finnish tribes. It is known that among northern Russians there is still a significant amount of even genetically Finnish blood. And when we are told that where is this trace of the Mongols, as such in the Russian ethnos, in modern studies, geneticists constantly conduct them, where do we have Mongolian? They argue that there was no Mongolian Rus', because it was not especially deposited in genetics. This suggests that there were no predatory, predatory campaigns of the Mongols, as such. And there was no yoke.
But we have a huge amount of the Turkic component for one simple reason. The main haplogroup of Russians is R1a, but the Tatars have the same haplogroup. And it is very difficult to figure out who is Russian and who, relatively speaking, is not Russian, because the haplogroup is approximately the same for the Eastern Slavs and the Turks in our country (Tatars, Kazakhs, Altaians, Balkars, Nogais).
And we really had an aristocracy, most likely, less Mongolian, but more Turkic, because the Turks went to serve the Mongol Empire, and they made up the majority in it.
The Great Russian ethnogenesis followed the line of the formation of the Muscovite state, which to a large extent copied its "alma mater", the Golden Horde. The Moscow princes copied the army (Turkic words: “esaul”, “target”, “drum”, “guard”, “horunzhy”, “cheers”, “dagger”, “ataman”, “saber”, “koschevoi”, “Cossack ”, “roam”, “holster”, “quiver”, “horse”, “bulat”, “hero”). Copied finances. Hence we have the words “money”, “profit”, “customs”, “treasury”, “label”, “brand” (and “comrade”), “artel”. They copied the transport system. So there was a "coachman" - this is a Mongolian word in our language. From the Mongolian "yamzhi" - a system of transport corridors. And they dressed “in Tatar style”: “shoe”, “caftan”, “harem pants”, “sheepskin coat”, “hood”, “sarafan”, “cap”, “veil”, “stocking”, “papakha”.
Here is such a new horde, you can call it that, do not be shy about this word, “horde” is a wonderful word, it largely coincides with the word “order” in meaning. There was a "New Horde", but with the Slavic language, with the Christian faith. That is why the Russians were then able to annex the lands that once belonged to the Horde. Because the local population perceived them as their own. There was another round of ethnogenesis. We are constantly poked into Ukraine, but the situation there was somewhat different. On the territory of Ukraine, as a rule, people who did not like this Horde system, the “Yasa” of Genghis Khan, were saved.
The late Oles Buzina wrote about this that a lot of people fled to the Zaporozhian Sich, who were disgusted by this discipline, empire, organization. Such an anarchic, free type of people, but they were praised there, in fact, the rabble fled there, which Genghis Khan's "Yasu" refused to recognize. "Scum" in a good way, of course. They "cut off" from everyone.
And there they somehow grouped, nestled, so the Ukrainian dialect gradually arose, the Ukrainian ethnos with its own laws, with its own ideas, completely opposite to the Muscovite kingdom in many respects. Such an anti-horde, if you can call it that. Also very interesting, original education, original ethnogenesis turned out. We are still unraveling the result of this ethnogenesis.

Next question. Here on the financial market they discussed that Gazprom could buy Bashneft, official news. I even joked that the new company would be called Tengrioil if that happened. Tengri, Tengrism, which, by the way, is now gaining strength in the same White Horde, in Kazakhstan, what is it? Monotheism? In more detail, because again - a lot of questions on this topic.

But in the case of Gazprom in Tengri, of course, I do not believe in their special religiosity. Tengri, in their case, is money. Because the Russian word "money" comes from the Turkic "tengri" naturally. Tenge is the currency of the Golden Horde. Now it is the currency of Kazakhstan. Russians began to call any financial means that way.
But the monotheism of the Turks is known. Those. before coming to the Great Steppe, which is their cradle, before the arrival of Jews, Muslims, Christians, the Turks worshiped the same God thousands of years ago, even before the birth of Christ, if we talk about the ancestors of the Turks, the Huns. And Tengri - god - a single sky. And the great ruler, relatively speaking, Genghis Khan is the will of the great sky. The Turkic religion has a rich history and rich cultural heritage. And, it is worth noting that very few peoples had their own written language for thousands of years. Basically, the writings of the ethnic groups of Eurasia were exported from the Phoenicians or Greeks, or from the Arameans. And most types of writing, they have a very specific connotation to these peoples, the peoples of the Middle East and the Mediterranean.
In addition to two groups of peoples - the Germans and the Turks, who had independent runic writing for several thousand years. These runes are similar, but have different sound and semantic meanings. The Turks had their own runic alphabet, which, of course, ascended to the will of the sky, to the will of Tengri, came from the sacred runic calendar, from observations of the sun, moon, stars, the cosmos, the phenomenon of Tengri. According to legend, it was the heavens that once handed over this runic writing to the first Turkic kagans. Therefore, to assert that the Turks are some kind of wild peoples (a constant idea of ​​Western scientists and Russian nationalists) is very stupid. They will be more cultured than many ethnic groups that still exist on planet Earth.

Speaking from the point of view of theology, is Tengri God the father? From a Christian point of view?

Yes. God is the Father. Lord of hosts. From the point of view of Orthodoxy, "Lord of hosts" is translated as "Lord of the stars", "Lord of the sky." “Lord of the seven heavens” would be more correct, because our numeral “seven” comes from the Arabic “sebu” - seven. Here is Tengri - the Lord of all heavens. Supreme Commander of Space.

I have friends from Kazakhstan, and the meaning of Tengrianism, as they say, is that there is only one God, it's just that each ethnic group has a traditional way of communicating with him. Such a question is the Turks as an ethnic group, modern Türkiye, the last conflict. In history, the Russian Empire fought with Turkey many times. Who are they to us? Enemies, partners or maybe allies against the West? This story.

But genetically Turkish Turks, of course, they are very far from the Turks that we know, from the Tatars, from the Altaians, from the Kazakhs. In general, they are much closer to the Persians, to the Arabs, to the Greeks. Genetic data confirm this. It’s just that the Turks who once went to the “last sea”, to the west, to the White Sea, as they called the Mediterranean, there were not very many of them. Small tribes of nomads came, the most active part, because the main part remained at home, in the Steppe.
But those "who reached", the passionaries became the aristocracy of the local peoples. They found there the descendants of the Persians, the descendants of the Greeks. From this something was sculpted, some states. So they blinded Turkey. But the spirit, such a spirit, of Turkic nomads, warriors, soldiers, of course, flourished in Turkey. And even the glorious wars, known as the Janissaries, are the Slavs who converted to Islam. Slavic boys, who were taken into good Turkic families, were brought up in the Islamic and Turkic spirit, then they went and slaughtered for Islam, for the great Ottoman Empire, for their Turkic padishah, because we see in the super popular TV series "The Magnificent Age" (his all our housewives enjoy watching).
Here it is - the Turkic spirit, spirit, of course, it flourished in the Ottoman Empire. But it cannot be said that it was unequivocally a Turkic state. They began to build a Turkic state when this Ottoman Empire collapsed. Because they spoke the Ottoman language, which is some kind of mixture of Persian, Arabic, Slavic words with a small amount of Turkic words.
The Ottoman language was almost forbidden by Kemal Ataturk. The Ottoman Empire was such an imperial project, a globalist project. He learned a lot from Byzantium, not from the point of view of religion, but from the point of view of geography, strategy, personnel policy. The best sailors they had were the descendants of the Greeks, the "pirates" were the descendants of the French, Italians who converted to Islam. Those. they took everyone from everyone. They took the Turkic cavalry, because the Turkic cavalry is always the best, everyone knows this.
Those. I cannot say that the Ottoman project was unambiguously some kind of Turkic one, just as in the Russian Empire one cannot say that the Russian project was Slavic. Well, how Slavic it is, when the German dynasty, the population was mixed, the nobility was semi-Turkic, half of the Cossacks spoke Turkic dialects until the 20th century. It turns out that, perhaps, the Turks from the Russian Empire fought with the Slavs from the Ottoman Empire. It was such a mess.
The emergence of proper Turkic nationalism is associated with the figure of Kemal Ataturk, from the 20th century. When the Ottoman Empire collapsed, they began to think about how to live, what they could cling to, just to survive in a hostile world. And they began an emergency Turkification of their country. In fact, they began to re-create the language, and in order to somehow restore it (because it was through and through Persian or Slavic - the Ottoman language), they sent ethnographic expeditions, Kemal Ataturk sent, to the Turks - Oghuz, who lived, just on the territory of the Soviet Union . These are Azerbaijanis, Turkmens and Gagauz. And they began to take words from them, instead of Arabic, instead of Persian. Those. the Turkic state of Turkey is in many ways such an artificial construct, when the population, which to a large extent are the descendants of the Greeks and other tribes of Asia Minor, was artificially driven into Turkic nationalism and the new Turkic language.
Now, if Kazakhstan, of course, is a Turkic country, or Russia is even a more Turkic country, I think, than Turkey. But the Turks have made Pan-Turkism their signboard. This was very actively used by the United States in the "Great Game" against the Soviet Union. The complex of these ideas was aimed at destroying our large country.
So that all Turkic peoples: Uzbeks, Kazakhs, Altaians, Yakuts, Bashkirs, Tatars, they, one way or another, would perceive the Turks as their elder brother. Although I’ll say it again, from the point of view of genetics, this is a little ridiculous, because genetically the Turks are no different from the southern Italians, for example, from the inhabitants of Naples or Sicily. Just twin brothers. Well, since they had a powerful history, they had an Empire, they claimed to lead the Turkic world. Of course, neither the Russian Empire nor the Soviet Union liked this. The Russian Federation did not like this and does not like this kind of idea. The Eurasian ideology could reconcile this complex of contradictions, very complex and showdowns between our countries.
Eurasianism arose as the idea of ​​combining Slavic and Turkic vectors. Slavs and Turks, when they are separate, try to say that the Russian Empire is a Slavic kingdom, and the Ottoman Empire is a Turkish kingdom, and they must fight among themselves. Then you start to disassemble, it turns out that the Russian Empire is a half-Turkic kingdom. And the Ottoman Empire is a half-Slavic kingdom. Those. everything was crushed.
We, the Eurasians, argue that when the Turks and Slavs meet, it turns out well, it turns out a symphony. As Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyov said - complementarity. There are nations that complement each other. And such a Turkic-Slavic symbiosis, on the contrary, has always given birth to tenacious and creative peoples and personalities.
From this point of view, we can not just reconcile our country, Russia, which, of course, is the fruit of the Slavic-Turkic symbiosis. And more broadly - not just to restore the Soviet Union, but to make it more powerful, like the Eurasian Union, which is also based on the Slavic-Turkic brotherhood.

The main engines of the Eurasian Union are Slavs and Turks, Belarusians, Russians, Kazakhs, Tatars, Kirghiz.
But we can negotiate with the Turks. Because, I repeat once again, the ethnogenesis of the Turks is significantly connected with ethnogenesis and with the combination of Slavic and Turkic elements. I already spoke about the Janissaries. Most of the viziers of the heyday of the Ottoman Empire, they were also traditionally Slavic-Serbs, Sokolovichi. Well, actually, we know very well about the red-haired wife of Suleiman the Magnificent. Everyone knows about Alexandra the Russian, who became the great queen of the Ottoman Empire. Therefore, when we say - Eurasianism, Eurasian integration - then here we can find a common language with the Turks, establish joint business, economic and geopolitical. Because no one here says - who is higher there? The Turks are the first people, and the rest are under them - this is the main idea of ​​pan-Turkism.
If we say - Eurasianism, then everyone is equal, from this point of view. Together we create, as it were, a large tree of peoples, a large world of peoples, in the center of which stands the axis of the Slavs and Turks. Thanks to this axis, complementarity and all other friendly peoples, both Finnish, and Ugric, and Caucasian, we all together form a large-scale community in our space. From the point of view of the Eurasian ideology, removing pan-Turkism or pan-Slavism or nationalism of any kind, Russian nationalism or Turkish nationalism, we can (and this will happen now) improve relations with the fraternal Turkish Republic. Then it becomes fraternal, in the space of Eurasian brotherhood, comradeship, friendship of peoples, and we with Turkey, I think, can do a lot together for peace and cooperation in Eurasia.

The role of Baku and Astana in the recent reconciliation and in this whole project?

Well, I think everyone tried, because it was not profitable for everyone to confront Turkey and Russia. This is not a new confrontation. After all, at one time the wars between the Russian Empire and Turkey were actively supported on both sides by our opponents, the Poles, Swedes, British, French, and Germans. They literally pitted, for example, the Pope of Rome, Turkey and Russia in order to draw off forces so that Russia would not climb into Europe and Turkey would not climb into Europe. So that we beat each other, beat each other, get tired, and then the Europeans would come and reconcile us.
This is how all Russian-Turkish wars happened. In this sense, the last conflict between Russia and Turkey was in the hands of only our Western competitors. And, of course, Astana tried, the role of Nursultan Abishevich Nazarbayev in this reconciliation is very great. And the Azerbaijani side, thanks to her.
But, I think, this conflict was not beneficial to anyone. And the people did not understand him. Because we are constantly conducting sociological research, ethnic research. The conflict with America is understandable, and the Russian people, as it were, take part in this conflict and support their president. The conflict with radical Islamism is understandable. Nobody welcomes radical Islamism. In Russia, no one, even from normal Muslims, will support them.
But the conflict with Turkey was not clear to the people. And despite the fact that thousands of our state-paid propagandists howled like wolves towards the Turkish side, the people still perceived the Turks as a brotherly people. And they understood that the tsar and the sultan had quarreled, and tomorrow they would reconcile. In turn, we at the Lev Gumilyov Center held a special ethno-training, where we organized an energy peace between our countries, where one representative of Turkey asked solemnly for forgiveness from Russia, at this training.

I will explain what is the meaning of ethno-trainings. Lev Nikolaevich Gumilyova said that an ethnos, a people, forms an energy field. Such energy fields create any natural community of people, and families, and organizations. But ethnos is a set of energy fields. We access this field directly, we have technologies, and we form some kind of event. And then that's how it happens. First, in the Lev Gumilyov Center, a person representing Turkey asked for forgiveness, he was played by a Gagauz, in Russia, an Ossetian played her (for some reason it happened like that). I asked forgiveness. And after a while, a month later, the Turkish president asked Russia for forgiveness, asked him to accept his apologies. I think everyone tried, both at the energy level, and at the technological level, and at the diplomatic level. And this conflict, I hope, will not happen again. And secondly, we will have to restore the results of this conflict for a very long time because economic relations were severed between our countries, and this is not beneficial to anyone.

Now everyone is talking about Uzbekistan. The role of Tamerlane in this whole story?
Well, in the same Uzbekistan, Tamerlane was appointed such a sacred first ancestor of the entire local population, although this is a bit strange.
Firstly, he was not a Chigizid. Some people think there was. But that's not true.

Also a lot of controversy. The fact remains that this is a very serious piece on the chessboard of humanity. A man who managed to create an Empire, if not the size of Genghis Khan, but comparable to him, not the size of the Turkic Khaganate, but actually comparable. He united all of Central Asia, Iran, part of India, Asia Minor.

I write columnists, and wrote several times that if Tamerlane had taken Moscow, then, probably, another city would have been the capital of the future Empire. And the state religion would be Islam, not Orthodoxy. How fair is this?

The fact is that, Moscow, no matter how much you take, it only gets better from it. Everything in Moscow is like water off a duck's back. No matter how much you burn her, she will always get up and feel good again.
From the point of view of a collision with our civilization, Russian-Eurasian or the Union of Forest and Steppe, as we call it, of course, Tamerlane was an enemy, because he represented a slightly different culture. An updated caliphate, in fact. He nurtured it and created it only with a center not in Baghdad, not in Damascus, but with a center in Samarkand. Rigid Islam planted. Under him, Nestorian Christianity was destroyed in Central Asia, finally and irrevocably. He just took and cut everyone.
And there before that lived millions of Christians, in Central Asia, the same Turks. And on various expeditions in Kyrgyzstan I come across rock carvings of crosses. Crosses, Nestorian creeds. It was the last Christians who hid from Tamerlane in the Kyrgyz canyons. And then, he found them there and cut and burned them. Those. the man was of incredible aggression, incredible strength.
And he carried to the steppe, to our territory, to the territory of the Eurasian Union of modern ruin, death. He burned the steppes, he took everyone in full. And if he had then captured Rus', he would not have spared anyone. Because, the Mongols came, relatively speaking, they negotiated with the local population, princes, passed through the country, took resources and moved on. But Tamerlane stole the population of entire regions, entire districts to his territory. And in this way, he rather resembled Nazi Germany, when they took the population of several regions and sent them to work.
Those. such a slave-owning Asia came to us. This is one of Asia's novels, about Asian despots, about some terrible pharaohs who are driven by entire tribes back and forth. Here he was a classic Asian despot, incompatible with the code of conduct on our territory, relatively speaking, among kings or khans. We in Russia and the Great Steppe have never destroyed people for their religion.
Tsars or khans did not do this and turn everything into an endless slave trade. Tamerlane carried the slave trade and carried his cultural code to us, but did not reach. God or Tengri, they saved this territory from destruction.

The question is. Azerbaijan, they are also Turks, part of the Turkic world. Their perspectives. But it is impossible to get around within the framework of Eurasian integration - there is also Armenia. How is this?

We, in my opinion, had a broadcast, a good one, related to the issues of Karabakh, it was quite visited. This is a video you can watch. And soon we will post the text of the ethno-training, which we took out on Karabakh.
I just looked, it's safe enough, the passions have subsided. The problem must be solved, it is necessary to solve it, because the land lies abandoned. Karabakh is a land that used to flourish. It was multinational, multinational, multireligious. Armenians and Azerbaijanis lived there, Kurds and Russians in this territory. Now it lies largely abandoned. Karabakh must be developed. The fact that the Black Hills is a closed territory, turned into a dead end, a transport dead end, hinders the development of our trade and the development of our economies. And the Karabakh issue must be resolved.
Karabakh, probably, should be given a special status in the Eurasian Union, maybe it could be guarded by special troops of the Eurasian Union, have a rather complicated status, you can discuss different options for a condominium.

But, nevertheless, the problem must be solved. I believe that our generation is obliged to solve this problem.
But most importantly, I think, in terms of the economic development of the Eurasian Union, the biggest progress was made recently, when the North-South route, which has been talked about for decades, was approved by the leaders of Russia, Azerbaijan and Iran. Now the transport corridor will be actively developed, roads will be built, the fleet of ships in the Caspian will increase. This will be real Eurasian integration, if it happens. Then Azerbaijan will organically become part of the Eurasian Union, and there will be no need to invent anything.

Last question. Coming soon September 12th. The Orthodox Church honors Alexander Nevsky. I cannot finish without mentioning this figure, because on the one hand, a wide circle knows the famous Soviet film, that it defeated the Germans. On the other hand, the "frostbitten" Russian Nazis do not like him very much, because he crushed the anti-Horde uprisings. Moreover, he is with Batu and with his son, from their point of view, he is someone - a pagan. Here, respectively, this figure.

Well, firstly, Alexander Nevsky is a symbol of Russia. It was the only, in my opinion, an honest vote that could even be. People chose between Stalin and Stolypin, everyone quarreled, and then somehow calmed down and chose Alexander Nevsky. I remember that there was such a competition on television - not a competition, some kind of voting. Indeed, they chose him as a symbol of Russia, because he created Russia. When it was necessary to choose between the west and the east, Alexander chose the east.

And as we find out, from a historical point of view, he did not lose, i.e. Not only didn't lose, but won. Because the whole east gradually went to Russia. Those who chose the west, like the inhabitants of Galicia and their prince Galitsky, well, we see in what an idiotic state they are now in the backyards of Europe. They are not even taken to this Europe. The Poles are sitting in the hallways of Europe, and these are howling dogs outside the outskirts. Not even the dogs that guard the garden, these are the Balts, so classic.
And the dogs that got kicked out. A classic dog from a Ukrainian cartoon that got kicked out. And the abandoned dog walks between the wolves, then he goes to the wolves of the Turks, then he tries to get back into the place from which he was kicked out. This, unfortunately, is the fate of Western Ukraine. Then they slipped this diabolical fate on all the other Little Russians.
Alexander Nevsky made a different choice. Yes, he went to the Gentiles, but what Gentiles? The son of Batu Khan, his brother Khan Sartak was a Christian of the Nestorian faith.
He just headed East. He galloped "meeting" the sun and his people "meeting" the sun followed him and reached Alaska.
And the first was Alexander Nevsky. We have been thinking for a long time how the Russians went to Baikal to explore. And the first one on Baikal was Alexander Nevsky, on the way to Karakorum. And now our theatrical master has staged a wonderful performance by Andrey Borisov in the Irkutsk Drama Theater based on Alexander Nevsky. And it's very symbolic. In Irkutsk, just, the understanding comes that Alexander Nevsky was the first to arrive at Lake Baikal, and then his people came after him centuries later. And Alexander Nevsky was the first to go to the Horde in Sarai - Batu, in modern Astrakhan, in Sarai - Berke to Khan Berke, in his headquarters, which was located not far from Volgograd. And today, the townspeople recognized Alexander Nevsky as the patron saint of Volgograd. He showed us the way.

Here he is, our father. If the Turks are still figuring out who their father is, whether Suleiman the Magnificent, or Kemal Ataturk, then we know who our father is, our “ati”. This is Alexander Nevsky, who showed us the way to the East, the “sunny path”. In that sense, he is the person who leads us. The first was Andrei Bogolyubsky, who led the capital from Kyiv, from the endless "pre-Maidan moods", to Vladimir Rus. And Alexander Nevsky continued his path further, he brought Russia to the East. Since then, Russia has been an eastern country and Russians, of course, an eastern people, in the forefront of all other peoples of the East.

http://www.gumilev-center.ru/rossiya-i-tyurkskijj-ehl-2/

Where did the Turks come from?

Huns led by Attila invade Italy . Vcentury n.uh.

===================

The question is not simple. It seems that the Turks consider themselves a people that has lost its roots. Ataturk (father of the Turks), the first president of Turkey, assembled a representative scientific commission and set a task for it: to find the origin of the Turks. The commission worked long and hard, discovered a huge number of facts from the history of the Turks, but the issue was not clear.

Our compatriot L. N. Gumilyov made a great contribution to the study of the history of the Turks. A number of his serious works (“Ancient Turks”, “A Millennium around the Caspian Sea”) are dedicated specifically to the Turkic-speaking peoples. It can even be argued that his works laid the foundation for scientific ethnology.

However, the respected scientist makes one completely tragic mistake. He defiantly refuses to analyze ethnonyms and, in general, claims that the language has no influence on the formation of an ethnos. This more than strange statement makes the scientist completely helpless in the simplest situations. Let's show this with an example.

Talking about the Kimaks, an ancient Turkic people who formed a strong state somewhere in the region of modern Kazakhstan on the verge of the first and second millennia, which existed for about three hundred years, he cannot but express surprise at its sudden and complete disappearance. In search of the disappeared ethnic group, the scientist documented searched all the surroundings. There were no traces of him in the sheger of the Kazakh tribes.

Perhaps, the scientist suggests, the Kimaks assimilated with the peoples who conquered them or scattered across the steppe. No, we will not investigate the ethnonym. It still will not give anything, - says Lev Nikolaevich. But in vain.

Kimaki – this is a slightly distorted Russian word hamsters. If you read this word backwards, you get Arabicقماح To amma :X  "wheat". The connection is clear and self-explanatory. Now let's compare the current expression “Tashkent– city ​​of grain. And we did not invent jerboas. As for the name of the city of Tashkent, it consists of a part Kent"city" and the Arabic root, which we can observe in the wordعطشجي yat ashji "stoker". You can't fire the stove, you can't bake bread. Some translate the name of the city as "stone city". But if it is a city of bread, it is necessary to translate its name as a city of stokers, bakers.

In the outlines of the borders of modern Uzbekistan, we can easily see a lover of wheat.

Here is his photo and drawing in life

Only simiya can give simple answers to complex questions. Let's continue. Let's read the ethnonym Uzbeks in Arabic, i.e. backwards:خبز XBZ means "bake bread" and henceخباز X abba :h “ovennik, baker”, “bread seller or one who bakes it”.

If we now take a quick look at the culture of Uzbekistan, we will find that all of it is filled with ceramics. Why? Because the technology of its manufacture coincides with the technology of baking bread. By the way, Russian baker and Arabicفخار F X A :R "ceramics" – the same word. It is for this reason that Tashkent is a city of bread and for the same reason Uzbekistan is a country that can be proud of its karamika for centuries. Samarkand, the capital of Tamerlane's empire, Bukhara, Tashkent are monuments of ceramic architecture.

Registan, the main square of Samarkand

Registan:

The name of the square is explained as a derivative of Persian. R egy - sand. Like, once a river flowed in this place and caused a lot of sand. No, it's from ar. re: G And - "I beg" (راجي ). And for Russian I beg- are. scarf"honor". Roads from different parts of the world converged at this place. And Timur invited merchants, artisans, scientists to his capital, so that they would make the capital of the world out of the city. When the Russians invite, they say PLEASE, and the Arabs sayشرف scarraf"do the honor". Persian word from Ar.راجع re :g andb "returning". If you build a city among the sands and do not follow it, the sand will return. So it was with Samarkand before Timur.

Here we have traced the path of the allegedly disappeared Turkic tribe of Kimaks. It turns out that it manifested itself through another name that has the same meaning.

But the Turkic tribes are numerous. It is known that their homeland is Altai, but they have come a long way from Altai along the Great Steppe to the center of Europe, several times experiencing the so-called "passionate explosion" (Gumilyov). The last explosion was embodied in the Ottoman Empire, which came to an end with the end of the First World War, when the empire shrank to a small state called Turkey.

Atatürk's problem remains unresolved. At the same time, another awakening of the Turks is planned, which makes them look for their roots.

In the heat of passionate excitement, which only theories are not put forward. It sometimes comes to the point that the Russians are in the past the Turks, the same applies, of course, to the Slavs. And the Ukrainians are out of the question. Khokhol is Turkic for "son of the sky".

The leading position in the new movement of pan-Turkism is occupied by the journalist Aji Murad, who literally in a few words tries to show that everything, for example, Russian words, are from Turkic languages. According to the method of juggling with words, it is clear that the journalist is very far from linguistics. And in the topic he declared, such knowledge would be useful to him. After all, linguistics has long since learned to distinguish its own from that of others in languages. Even a simple layman in most cases can see this. For example, in the Russian language, no one tries to declare such words as expedition, modernization, saxaul, horde, balyk as primordially Russian. The criterion is simple: the word belongs to the language in which it is motivated. There are other additional signs as well. Borrowed words, as a rule, have a meager set of derived words, a strange syllabic structure, and in their morphology carry grammatical features of a foreign language, for example, rails, marketing. In the first, the English plural indicator remained, in the second, traces of the English gerund.

Yes, word crest is motivated in Slavic languages. It also has another meaning - "an unruly strand of hair", "a protruding tuft of hair or feathers." And it was in reality. Ukrainians wore crests and by nature were and remain stubborn. Who doesn't know this?

This has a parallel in Arabic:لحوح lah O: X  "stubborn, persistent", derived from the verbألح " alah X A "insist". Almost also called the Poles, their eternal rivals Poles, of which Lech Kaczynski is the most stubborn.

But what is most surprising in the works of Aji Murad is that he does not even try to raise the question of the meaning of the numerous names of the Turkic tribes. Well, at least I thought about the meaning of the word TURKI, denoting the Turkic superethnos. Since you really want to put them at the head of all the peoples of the world.

Let's help the Turks. For a simia, this is not such a difficult task.

Let us turn to the ancient Egyptian fresco "Creation of the World", which is a program file for the deployment of ethnic groups.

There are 6 characters on the fresco, which corresponds to the biblical text about the creation of the world, called in the Christian tradition Shestidnev, for God created the world for six days, and rested on the seventh day. And the hedgehog understands that nothing serious can be done in six (seven) days. It's just that someone read the Russian word bottoms (levels) as days (weeks).

Behind the figures on the Egyptian fresco, the silhouettes of the letters of the Arabic alphabet are easily recognizable. You can read about them in my book "System Languages ​​of the Brain" or "The World Periodic Law". We are only interested in the central couple "Heaven and Earth".

The sky is depicted by the heavenly goddess Nut. And below it is the Celestial Yeb, the god of the earth. Between them, just what happens is what is written in their names, if you read them in Russian: Eb and Nut. Again the Russian language erupted. Did priests write in Russian in Ancient Egypt? Let's leave the question unanswered for now. Let's go further.

If you put the goddess of the sky on the "priest", you get ancient Aramaic letter gimel ( ג ), in Arabic "gim". And if you put Eba, the god of the earth, on the sinful earth with your feet, you get the Arabic letter vav ( و ).

و Andג

It is clear that the celestial Yob is China, whose inhabitants do not get tired of pronouncing the name of the producing body in Russian. Russian again? And the Goddess of the sky Nut, this is India, in which the mountains of the Himalayas.

Arabic and Aramaic letters have numerical values. The letter gim is in third place and has numerical value 3. The letter vav is in sixth place and has a numerical value of 6. And so it is clear that the Arabic vav is just an Arabic six.

The Heavenly Goddess was often depicted as a cow.

In fact, the image of a cow belonged to the goddess of Wisdom, Isis. Between her horns is the disk of the sun RA. And then, that under it, under Heaven, was always depicted as a man, sometimes with a snake's head.

This is because the Arabic name for the snake, the root KHUY, is similar to what we write on the fence. Therefore, the Celestial Empire built itself the longest fence. Given that ZUBUR, this is a plural form. numbers of the Arabic word ZUBR.

In Russian ZUBR is "BULL", in Arabic it isطور TOUR.

For some time, the bison was found inside China, it was its necessary accessory. But for a while, he realized his own importance. After all, you must admit, it is he who should be with the cow in order to kryv ate her, not some kind of person. In short, the moment has come for the bison (bull, tur) to say to the person: shoo, scratch, they say, from here. Since then, a person in Turkic is kishi, kizhi.

Let's formulate this more precisely. The Turkic word kishi "man" comes from the Russian kysh. One could say that from Arabicكش ka :w w "to drive away", but the Russian interjection is more emotional and more accurate conveys the indignation of the tour. Word tour comes from ArabicWith aura "bull", derived from the verbثار With A :R "be angry".

From that moment, when the Russian word kysh sounded, the history of TURKS, bulls, begins. They leave the heavenly god of the earth, depriving him of the organ of copulation, which is why Geb becomes feminine, i.e. Celestial. Like on this map:

Photo of a modern tourist map of Tibet.

Easy to say!!! In reality, acquiring independence, it was necessary to leave the god of the earth. Where? To the north, to where the sky was not blue, Chinese, but blue, like Turkic. To Altai. We saw the blue sacred color of the Turks on Uzbek palaces and mosques. But this is rather late. At first, the new color of the sky appeared on the Turkic yurts.

What are the palaces!

Did the prince cover his palaces with carvings?
What are they in front of the blue yurt!

Archaeological research shows that the yurt has existed since the 12th century BC.

Although the Turks seceded from China, the idea of ​​Chinese "under heaven" still remained. Those are the roots. Simia found out that when the bull is sacralized, it always reflects number 2. Compare American bison, Belarusian bison. And if this happens to a cow, then she becomes the bearer of number three. There is no brighter example of the Indian sacred cow that walks the roads of India, located on a triangular peninsula.

The Chinese number is 6, we saw it both in the Arabic letter and in the pose of the Celestial Empire, and at the same time, our own, anti-Chinese, number among the Turks is 5.

The union of a bull and a cow: 2 + 3 = 5. But if the addition sign is made rotating, then the five will alternate with the six, in this scenario: 2 x 3 = 6. This is the cybernetic meaning of the Turkic number.

So that no one doubts that the Turks are bulls, tours, the Turks use the word as an honorific back. "This word means the master in general and is always placed after his own name, for example. Abbas-bek". (Brockhaus). It never occurs to anyone that this appeal comes from the Russian word bull. Meanwhile, there is nothing strange in the fact that bulls call individuals especially respected among themselves bulls.

What is a bull without a cow? The sacredness of the cow is reflected in the sacredness of milk for the Turkic tribes. And from here, for example, Caucasian Albania, in the north of Azerbaijan. This is an Arabic wordألبان alba :n "dairy" . What is the name of the capital of Azerbaijan? Azerbaijani Baki. It is clear that this is a Russian word BULLS.

Some might think that it could be a coincidence. Yes, strange coincidence. But there is another Albania, the Balkan one. Her capital Tirana. No one understands the name. Why incomprehensible? Every Arab will say that these are "bulls" (ثيران ti :p a:n ). And the Arab can be checked.Easily. He looked into the dictionary and made sure that the Arab did not lie.You can't imagine such parallelism on purpose. Look: One Albania is connected with the "Russian bulls", the other - with the "Arab". As if the Turks conspired to show the significance of RA. What does the name of the country Azerbaijan mean? No one knows. Only simia gives direct and clear answer . First part of Arabicجازر ja : h ep , ya : zer " Reznik", the second part - Rus. BYCHINA.

So, the topic "butchering the carcass of a bull" appears. I read in one historical book about the Turks that Bashkirs,Pechenegs and Oghuz linked by a common historical destiny. Not being a historian, I cannot verify this. But as a linguist, it amazes me that these names refer specifically to cutting a bull carcass. Bashkirs from the head, i.e. refers to the front of the carcass. Pechenegs from Russian liver. In Arabic, this concept is broader. This refers not only to a well-known organ, but also to the central part of something. Oghuz, of course, from Russian. O tail, i.e. rear end. The carcass of a bull is ritually divided into three parts according to the number of the cow. The digits of the number are repeated again (2 and Z). Let's keep this in mind.

So, the Turk is a bull. The Creator and genetically tried. The neck, as a rule, among the Turks is short, massive, this gives them the opportunity in the classical wrestling (now Greco-Roman, in the time of Poddubny - French) to easily win prizes. Indeed, in this type of wrestling, the main thing is a strong neck, so that there is a strong "bridge". And this is so that the strength is enough to withstand the pose of the Six. I know, because in my youth I studied, then still "classics". You will come to training and stand in the Eba position. It's called "pumping the bridge".

The sobs are soothing. Tranquility, the repose of the soul in Arabic is calledرضوان reed wa :n . In Arab Egypt, where the ancient mortuary cult has been preserved, and where newspapers are filled with obituaries, you can see this word in every obituary. The second part of the ethnonym MEN comes from Ar.أمان "ama :n , "ame:n"calm".

Dutar- a two-stringed instrument, to the music of which dastans (fairy tales) are sung. Fairy tales also tell the stories of that other world, world number 2. The dutar was scattered by a cultural wave throughout Central Asia, but "dutar is an integral part of the centuries-old musical culture of the Turkmen people. If you listen carefully to the sound of the dutar, you can feel the heat of the hot Turkmen sun, catch the polyphony of mountain rivers and the splashing of the waves of the ancient Caspian. This text is taken from the site سنةWith anat "year"سنة sinat "dream" - N.V.) to reach the condition, soak juices of the earth, - continues Nazarguli. - If you start working with the material immediately, then later it will lead to deformation of the dutar and distortion of the sound. When it comes term(cf. Ar.أجل "A gal "term, end",آجلة "aguila "that world". where is the Russian grave- N.V.), I take out logs, I make blanks out of them ... To make a good dutar, you need, first of all, a good tree. Best fit mulberry". If Tutankhamun had heard these words, he would have rolled over in his grave twice.

Russian word string comes from Arabicوتر vatar "string", "string", derived from Arabicوتر watara "pull on". It’s just that Russians sometimes see the letter vav as Russian s. Hence and fire And shooter. And more and wind'cause he's pulling the sails. And if you read it the other way around, you get zealous. It is these horses that the Turks love, especially the Tajiks. After all, there are two reasons that the strings of the dutar.

But there is one more important thing for us: Turkmen music is different… connection rhythmic. links of even and odd structure: 2 + 3, 3 + 2. (Site "Belkanto.ru) . Do we know the formula for the structure of the Turkic number? Let's translate into words: "bull + cow, cow + bull".

Sing, my dutar, weep and sing about your native side.

In Egypt, the dream of the pharaohs was guarded by a sphinx with the body of a lion. Here is a lioness, the silhouette of whose muzzle can be seen in the outline of the borders of modern Turkmenistan.

The lioness is digitized as a five. This is a common Turkic number, which is supported by the administrative division of the country. And this can be seen on the flags of Turkmenistan.

On the Soviet flag, 2 blue lines divided the red field in two. On the modern one, the green field is crossed by a brown carpet with five patterns. Flag Day is celebrated on February 19th. On this day in 2001, the leadership changed the ratio of the sides of the flag, they became 2 to 3. To the rhythms of the dutar? The five stars represent the 5 regions of the country.

In general, the dutar is a descendant of the Turkic bow adapted to territory No. 2. The transition was apparently smooth. According to ancient Arabic sources (mentioned above), in ancient times, the Turkmen had a wedding custom: the groom's friends shot from a bow at his ring. And then the groom himself appointed the place of the first wedding night by throwing an arrow. I don’t know if that custom has been preserved, but the player who plays the dutar from time to time bends it with a special technique, as if showing where this instrument comes from.

There is a disease, a companion of all wars. Tetanus is called, tetanus in Latin.

Tetanus (Tetanus).

Wounded soldier before death.

An acute infectious disease characterized by severe convulsions as a result of damage to the nervous system. The causative agent is tetanus bacillus (Clostridium tetani). Penetration of spores of the pathogen into the wound (with soil, a piece of cloth, wood, etc.), in the presence of dead tissue in it (anaerobic conditions), causes a disease. S. is an ordinary companion of wars. Tonic convulsions cover the muscles of the neck, trunk, abdomen; the head is thrown back, the spine is bent forward - the patient touches the bed only with the back of the head and heels ". (TSB) C.'s bacilli produce a poison similar to strychnine that causes poisoning - tetanine.(Brockhaus).

The Russian name is outwardly motivated by the verb numb . In fact, the name of the disease comes from the addition of the Arabic prefixاست ist "to ask" + in reverse readingنبل obs"arrows", + يقي yak And "defend", literally "to ask for arrows for protection." Hence the stretched bow pose.The Latin name for the deadly disease comes from the Russian word string. (with m. Vashkevich "Dictionary of etymological and hidden meanings". Issue 4).

The ancient Turks are the ancestors of many modern Turkic peoples, including the Tatars. The Turks roamed the Great Steppe (Dashti-Kypchak) in the expanses of Eurasia. Here they conducted their economic activities, on these lands they created their own states. The Volga-Ural region, located on the periphery of the Great Steppe, has long been inhabited by Finno-Ugric and Turkic tribes. In the second century AD, other Turkic tribes also migrated here from Central Asia, known in history as the Huns. In the 4th century, the Huns occupied the Black Sea region, then invaded Central Europe. But, over time, the Hun union of tribes broke up and most of the Huns returned to the Black Sea region, joining other local Turks.
The Turkic Khaganate, created by the Turks of Central Asia, existed for about two hundred years. Among the peoples of this kaganate, written sources point to the Tatars. It is noted that this is a very numerous Turkic people. The tribal association of the Tatars, located on the territory of modern Mongolia, included 70 thousand families. The Arab historian pointed out that due to their exceptional greatness and authority, other tribes also united under this name. Other historians also reported about the Tatars living on the banks of the Irtysh River. In frequent military clashes, the opponents of the Tatars usually turned out to be the Chinese and Mongols. There is no doubt that the Tatars were Turks, and in this sense they are close relatives (and to a certain extent can also be attributed to the ancestors) of the modern Turkic peoples.
After the collapse of the Turkic Khaganate, the Khazar Khaganate came into power. The possession of the kaganate extended to the Lower Volga region, the North Caucasus, the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov and the Crimea. The Khazars were an association of Turkic tribes and peoples and "were one of the remarkable peoples of that era" (L. N. Gumilyov). Exceptional religious tolerance flourished in this state. For example, in the capital of the state, Itil, located not far from the mouth of the Volga, there were Muslim mosques, prayer houses of Christians and Jews. Seven equal judges worked: two Muslims, a Jew, a Christian and one pagan. Each of them resolved the lawsuits of people of the same religion as him. The Khazars were engaged in nomadic cattle breeding, agriculture and gardening, and in the cities - crafts. The capital of the kaganate was not only a center of handicrafts, but also of international trade.
In the years of its heyday, Khazaria was a powerful state, and it was not for nothing that the Caspian Sea was called the Khazar Sea. However, the military actions of external enemies weakened the state. The attacks of the troops of the Arab Caliphate, the principality of Kyiv and the hostile policy of Byzantium turned out to be especially tangible. All this led to the fact that at the end of the tenth century Khazaria ceased to exist as an independent state. One of the main components of the Khazar people were the Bulgars. Some historians of the past pointed out that the Scythians, Bulgars and Khazars are one and the same people. Others believe that the Bulgars are the Huns. They are also mentioned as Kipchaks, as Caucasian and North Caucasian tribes. In any case, the Bulgar Turks have been known from written sources for almost two thousand years. There are many interpretations of the word "Bulgar". According to one of them, 6ulgars are river people or people associated with fishing. According to other versions, “Bulgars” can mean: “mixed, consisting of many elements”, “rebels, rebels”, “wise men, thinkers”, etc. The Bulgars had their own state formation - Great Bulgaria in the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov, with the capital - r. Phanagoria, on the Taman Peninsula. This state included lands from the Dnieper to the Kuban, part of the North Caucasus and the steppe expanses between the Caspian and Azov seas. Once the Caucasus Mountains were also called the chain of the Bulgar mountains. The Azov Bulgaria was a peaceful state, and often fell into dependence on the Turkic Khaganate and Khazaria. The state reached its greatest prosperity under the rule of Kubrat Khan, who managed to unite the Bulgars and other Turkic tribes. This khan was a wise ruler who achieved remarkable success in ensuring a peaceful life for his fellow citizens. During his reign, Bulgar cities grew, crafts developed. The state received international recognition, relations with geographical neighbors were relatively stable.
The position of the state deteriorated sharply after the death of Kubrat Khan in the middle of the 7th century, and the political and military pressure of Khazaria on Bulgaria intensified. Under these conditions, there were several cases of resettlement of significant masses of Bulgars to other regions. One group of Bulgars headed by Prince Asparukh moved west and settled on the banks of the Danube. A large group of Bulgars, led by the son of Kubrat Kodrak, went to the middle Volga region.
The Bulgars who remained in the Sea of ​​Azov ended up as part of Khazaria along with the Lower Volga Bulgars-Saksins and with other Turks of the state. However, this did not bring them eternal peace. In the 20s of the 7th century, Khazaria was attacked by the Arabs, during which the large Bulgarian cities of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov were captured and burned. Ten years later, the Arabs repeated their campaign, this time they plundered the Bulgar lands in the vicinity of the Terek and Kuban rivers, captured 20 thousand Barsils (the travelers of the century as part of the Bulgar people singled out Barsils, Esegels and, in fact, Buggars). All this caused another massive campaign of the Bulgar population to their fellow tribesmen in the Volga region. Subsequently, the defeat of Khazaria was accompanied by other cases of Bulgar migration to the middle and upper reaches of the Itil (the Itil River, in the understanding of that time, began with the Belaya River, included part of the Kama and then the Volga).
Thus, mass and small migrations of the Bulgars to the Volga-Ural region took place. The choice of the resettlement area is quite understandable. Here several centuries ago the Huns lived and their descendants continued to live, as well as other Turkic tribes. From this point of view, these places were the historical homeland of ancestors for certain Turkic tribes. In addition, the Turkic peoples of the middle and lower Volga region maintained constant close ties with the kindred peoples of the Caucasus and the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov; the developed nomadic economy more than once led to the mixing of different Turkic tribes. That's why. the strengthening of the Bulgar element in the middle Volga region was quite an ordinary phenomenon.
The increase in the Bulgar population in these areas led to the fact that it was the Bulgars who became the main forming element of the Tatar people, formed in the Volga-Ural region. At the same time, it should be taken into account that no more or less large people can trace their genealogy from only one single tribe. And the Tatar people in this sense is not an exception, among its ancestors one could name more than one tribe, and also indicate more than one influence (including Finno-Ugric). However, it is the Bulgars that should be recognized as the main element in the composition of the Tatar people.
Over time, the Turkic-Bulgarian tribes began to make up a fairly large population in this region. If, moreover, we take into account their historical experience in state building, then there is nothing surprising in the fact that the state of Great Bulgaria (Volga Bulgaria) soon arose here. In the initial period of its existence, Bulgaria in the Volga region was, as it were, a union of relatively independent regions, vassal dependent on Khazaria. But, in the second half of the 10th century, the supremacy of a single prince was already recognized by all specific rulers. There was a common system of paying taxes to the common treasury of a single state. By the time of the collapse of Khazaria, Great Bulgaria was a fully formed single state, its borders were recognized by neighboring states and peoples. In the future, the zone of political and economic influence of Bulgaria extended from the Oka to the Yaik (Urals). The lands of Bulgaria included areas from the upper reaches of the Vyatka and Kama to the Yaik and the lower reaches of the Volga. The Khazar Sea became known as the Bular Sea. “Atil is a river in the region of the Kipchaks, it flows into the Bulgar Sea,” wrote Mahmud Kashgari in the 11th century.
Great Bulgaria in the Volga region became a country of settled and semi-sedentary population and had a highly developed economy. In agriculture, the Bulgars used iron plowshares to plows already in the 10th century, the Bulgar Saban plow provided plowing with a layer turnover. The Bulgars used iron tools for agricultural production, grew more than 20 types of cultivated plants, were engaged in gardening, beekeeping, as well as hunting and fishing. Handicraft reached a high level for that time. The Bulgars were engaged in jewelry, leather, bone carving, metallurgical, pottery production. They were familiar with iron smelting, and began to use it in production. The Bulgars also used gold, silver, copper and their various alloys in their products. “The Bulgarian kingdom was one of the few states of medieval Europe, in which, in the shortest possible time, conditions were created for the high development of handicraft production in a number of industries” (A.P. Smirnov).
Since the 11th century, Velikaya Bulgaria has been the leading trading center in Eastern Europe. Trade relations developed with the closest neighbors - with the northern peoples, with the Russian principalities and with Scandinavia. Trade with Central Asia, with the Caucasus, with Persia, with the Baltics unfolded. The Bulgarian merchant fleet ensured the export and import of goods by waterways, and by land trade caravans went to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. The Bulgars exported fish, bread, timber, walrus teeth, furs, specially processed leather “Bulgari”, swords, chain mail, etc. From the Yellow Sea to Scandinavia, jewelry, leather and fur products of Bulgar craftsmen were known. The minting of own coins, begun in the 10th century, contributed to the further strengthening of the position of the Bulgarian state as a recognized center of trade between Europe and Asia.
Bulgars, in their bulk, adopted Islam as early as 825, i.e. almost 1200 years ago. The canons of Islam, with their call for spiritual and physical purity, for mercy, etc., found a special response among the Bulgars. The official adoption of Islam in the state has become a powerful factor in the consolidation of the people into a single organism. In 922 Almas Shilki, the ruler of the Great Bulgaria, received a delegation from the Baghdad Caliphate. A solemn prayer service was held in the central mosque of the capital of the state - in the city of Bulgape. Islam became the official state religion. This allowed Bulgaria to strengthen trade and economic relations with the developed Muslim states of that time. The position of Islam soon became very stable. Western European travelers of that time noted that the inhabitants of Bulgaria are a single people, "holding the law of Mukhammetov more firmly than anyone else." Within the framework of a single state, the formation of the nationality itself has also been basically completed. In any case, the Russian chronicles of the 11th century note here a single, Bulgar people.
Thus, the direct ancestors of modern Tatars were formed as a nationality in the Volga-Ural region. At the same time, they absorbed not only related Turkic tribes, but also partially local Finno-Ugric ones. The Bulgars more than once had to defend their lands from the encroachments of greedy robbers. The incessant attacks of the seekers of easy money forced the Bulgars even to move the capital; in the 12th century, the city of Bilyar, located at some distance from the main water artery - the Volga River, became the capital of the state. But, the most serious military trials fell on the lot of the Bulgar people in the XII century, which brought the Mongol invasion to the world.
Within three decades of the XIII century, the Mongols conquered a significant part of Asia and began their campaigns on the lands of Eastern Europe. The Bulgars, conducting intensive trade with Asian partners, were well aware of the danger posed by the Mongol army. They tried to create a united front, but their call for neighbors to unite in the face of a deadly threat fell on deaf ears. Eastern Europe met the Mongols not united, but disunited, divided into warring states (Central Europe made the same mistake). In 1223, the Mongols utterly defeated the combined forces of the Russian principalities and the Kipchak warriors on the Kalka River and sent part of their troops to Bulgaria. However, the Bulgars met the enemy on the distant approaches, near the Zhiguli. Using a skillful ambush system, the Bulgars, led by Ilgam Khan, inflicted a crushing defeat on the Mongols, destroying up to 90% of the enemy troops. The remnants of the Mongol army retreated to the south, and “the land of the Kypchaks was freed from them; whoever escaped from them returned to his own land ”(Ibn al-Athir).
This victory brought peace to Eastern Europe for a while, and trade that had been suspended was resumed. Apparently, the Bulgars were well aware that the victory won was not final. They began active preparations for defense: cities and fortresses were fortified, huge earthen ramparts were poured in the area of ​​the Yaik, Belaya rivers, etc. At the then level of technology, in such a short period of time, such work could be carried out only with a very high level of organization of the population. This serves as an additional confirmation of the fact that by this time the Bulgars were a single, close-knit people, united by a common idea, the desire to preserve their independence. Six years later, the Mongols attacked again, and this time the enemy failed to penetrate the main territory of Bulgaria. The authority of Bulgaria, as a real force capable of resisting the Mongol invasion, became especially high. Many peoples, primarily the Lower Volga Bulgars-Saksins, Cumans-Kipchaks began to move to the lands of Bulgaria, thereby contributing their share to the composition of the ancestors of modern Tatars.
In 1236 the Mongols made their third campaign against Bulgaria. The subjects of the country fought fiercely, defending their state. For a month and a half, the Bulgars selflessly defended the besieged capital - the city of Bilyar. However, the 50,000th army of the Bulgar Khan Gabdulla Ibn-Ilgam could not resist the onslaught of the 250,000th Mongol army for a long time. The capital has fallen. The following year, the western lands of Bulgaria were conquered, all fortifications and fortresses were destroyed. The Bulgars did not reconcile themselves to the defeat, the uprisings followed one after another. Bulgars almost 50 years of hostilities against the conquerors, which forced the latter to keep almost half of their troops on the territory of Bulgaria. However, it was not possible to restore the full independence of the state, the Bulgars became subjects of the new state - the Golden Horde.