Oblomov what is the point. A hero opposite to Oblomov

The work of Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov “Oblomov” was written many years ago, but the problems raised in it remain relevant today. Main character The novel has always aroused great interest among the reader. What is the meaning of Oblomov’s life, who is he and was he really lazy?

The absurdity of the life of the main character of the work

From the very beginning of the work, Ilya Ilyich appears before the reader in a completely absurd situation. He spends every day in his room. Devoid of any impressions. Nothing new happens in his life, there is nothing that would fill it with any meaning. One day is like another. Absolutely uninterested in and uninterested in anything, this person, one might say, resembles a plant.

Ilya Ilyich's only activity is lying comfortably and serenely on the sofa. Since childhood, he has been accustomed to being constantly taken care of. He never thought about how to ensure his own existence. I always lived with everything ready. There was no such incident that would disturb his serene state. Life is simply convenient for him.

Inaction does not make a person happy

And this constant lying on the couch is not caused by some incurable disease or psychological disorder. No! The terrible thing is that this natural state the main character of the novel. The meaning of Oblomov’s life lies in the soft upholstery of the sofa and a comfortable Persian robe. Every person from time to time tends to think about the purpose of his own existence. The time comes, and many, looking back, begin to reason: “What useful have I done, why am I even living?”

Of course, not everyone is given the opportunity to move mountains or accomplish any heroic deed, but anyone can make their own life interesting and full of impressions. Inaction has never made anyone happy. Perhaps only up to a certain point. But this has nothing to do with Ilya Ilyich. Oblomov, whose life story is described in novel of the same name Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov, is not burdened by his inaction. Everything suits him.

Main character's home

The character of Ilya Ilyich can be judged from some of the lines in which the author describes the room where Oblomov lived. Of course, the decoration of the room did not look poor. It was luxuriously furnished. And yet there was neither coziness nor comfort in it. The paintings that hung on the walls of the room were framed with drawings of cobwebs. Mirrors, designed to allow one to see one's reflection in them, could be used instead of writing paper.

The whole room was covered in dust and dirt. Somewhere there was a randomly thrown thing that would remain there until it was needed again. On the table - uncollected dishes, crumbs and leftovers from yesterday's meal. All this does not evoke a feeling of comfort. But Ilya Ilyich does not notice this. Cobwebs, dust, dirt and uncleaned dishes are natural satellites his daily reclining on the sofa.

Dreaminess in the character of Ilya, or Like in the village

Often Ilya Ilyich reproaches his own servant, whose name is Zakhar, for sloppiness. But he seemed to adapt to the owner’s character, and perhaps he himself was not far from him from the very beginning; he reacts quite calmly to the untidiness of the home. According to his reasoning, there is no point in cleaning the room from dust, since it still accumulates there again. So what is the meaning of Oblomov’s life? A man who can’t even get his own servant to clean up the mess. He cannot even control his own life, and the existence of those around him is completely beyond his control.

Of course, sometimes he dreams of doing something for his village. He is trying to come up with some plans, again - lying on the sofa, in order to reorganize village life. But this person is already so divorced from reality that all the dreams he has built remain just that. The plans are such that their implementation is almost impossible. They all have some kind of monstrous scope that has nothing to do with reality. But the meaning of life in the work "Oblomov" is not revealed only in the description of one character.

A hero opposite to Oblomov

There is another hero in the work, who is trying to awaken Ilya Ilyich from his lazy state. Andrey Stolts is a man filled with boiling energy and liveliness of mind. Whatever Andrey undertakes, he succeeds in everything, and he enjoys everything. He doesn’t even think about why he does this or that thing. According to the character himself, he works for the sake of work.

What is the difference between the meaning of life of Oblomov and Stolz? Andrey never lies idle, like Ilya Ilyich. He is always busy with something, he has a huge social circle with interesting people. Stolz never sits in one place. He is constantly on the move, meeting new places and people. But nevertheless, he does not forget about Ilya Ilyich.

Andrey's influence on the main character

Oblomov's monologue about the meaning of life, his judgments about it, are completely opposite to the opinion of Stolz, who becomes the only one who was able to lift Ilya from the soft sofa. Moreover, Andrei even tried to return his comrade to active life. To do this, he resorts to some trick. Introduces him to Olga Ilyinskaya. Realizing that pleasant communication with beautiful woman, perhaps, will quickly awaken in Ilya Ilyich a taste for a life more varied than existence in his room.

How does Oblomov change under the influence of Stolz? His life story is now connected with the beautiful Olga. Tender feelings for this woman even awaken in him. He is trying to change, to adapt to the world in which Ilyinskaya and Stolz live. But lying on the sofa for a long time does not pass without a trace. The meaning of Oblomov’s life, associated with his uncomfortable room, is very deeply rooted in him. Some time passes, and he begins to feel burdened by his relationship with Olga. And, of course, their breakup became inevitable.

The meaning of Oblomov's life and death

Ilya Ilyich’s only dream is the desire to find peace. He does not need the vibrant energy of everyday life. The world in which he is closed, with its small space, seems much more pleasant and comfortable to him. And the life that his friend Stolz leads does not attract him. It requires fuss and movement, and this is unusual for Oblomov’s character. Finally, all of Andrei’s ebullient energy, which constantly collides with Ilya’s indifference, has dried up.

Ilya Ilyich finds his solace in the house of a widow, whose last name is Pshenitsyna. Having married her, Oblomov completely stopped worrying about life and gradually fell into moral hibernation. Now he is again dressed in his favorite robe. He's lying on the sofa again. Oblomov leads him to a slow decline. IN last time Andrei visits his friend under the watchful eye of Pshenitsyna. He sees how his friend has sunk and makes a last attempt to pull him out of the pool. But there is no point in this.

Positive traits in the character of the main character

Revealing the meaning of Oblomov’s life and death, it is necessary to mention that Ilya Ilyich is still not negative hero in this work. There are quite bright ones in his image positive features. He is an infinitely hospitable and cordial host. Despite constantly lying on the sofa, Ilya Ilyich is very educated person, he appreciates art.

In his relationship with Olga, he does not show rudeness or intolerance, he is gallant and courteous. He is very rich, but destroyed by excessive care since childhood. At first you might think that Ilya Ilyich is infinitely happy, but this is just an illusion. A dream that replaced the real state.

Oblomov, who turned into a tragedy, seems to be happy with his situation. And yet he understands the futility of his existence. Moments of awareness of his own inaction come to him. After all, Ilya Stoltz forbade Olga to come to him, he did not want her to see the process of his decomposition. An educated person cannot fail to understand how empty and monotonous his life is. Only laziness prevents you from changing it and making it bright and varied.

Reflections on the meaning of life. A. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” remains relevant for us, modern readers, despite the fact that a lot of time has passed since its creation. The main character of the novel, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, cannot but arouse interest.

You involuntarily begin to think about the meaning of life and try to answer the question, who is Oblomov? Was he first and foremost a lazy person? Or is the problem of the novel's protagonist much deeper? Did Oblomov see any meaning in life? Or was it not in his nature to think about it? As soon as we meet Oblomov at the beginning of the work, we understand the absurdity of the situation. Because of day after day, Ilya Ilyich is deprived of new impressions, the next one is similar to the previous one. The days go by without any decoration at all. Oblomov leads an almost vegetative existence, he is not interested in anything, is not keen on anything. The main thing in life becomes a cozy sofa, on which Oblomov lies all day long. The world around seems to Ilya Ilyich hostile and dangerous. There were no shocks in Oblomov’s life that could have affected his worldview. No, everything was very successful. Since childhood, Ilya Ilyich was surrounded by the care and attention of his family. And he never had to worry about his daily bread. Oblomov lives comfortably without thinking about anything. without caring about anything. He has absolutely no aspirations or desires. Day and night Oblomov lies on the sofa in the same robe made of Persian fabric. “... Lying down for Ilya Ilyich was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person: it was his normal state...”.

It is always human nature to think about the meaning of life. But even if we consider the question of the meaning of life to be an abstract philosophical category, we cannot help but admit that inaction has never made anyone happy. The feeling of fullness of life is possible only if constant movement, active search for new experiences. Let a person not be able to change the world or accomplish anything significant. But he can make his own life brighter and more interesting. And not last role Everyday life with its affairs and concerns plays a role in this. Everyday life is not always dull and uninteresting. If desired, everyday activities can be bright and impressive. But all this has nothing to do with Ilya Ilyich Oblomov. He lies in an untidy, dusty room. It's dirty and uncomfortable here. But the hero of the novel has no desire to change at least this room, to make his life a little more comfortable. Here is how the writer speaks about Oblomov’s room: “The room where Ilya Ilyich was lying seemed at first glance to be beautifully decorated... But the experienced eye of a person with pure taste, with one quick glance at everything that was there, would have read the desire only to somehow observe the dekorum of the inevitable decency, just to get rid of them... On the walls, near the paintings, cobwebs, saturated with dust, were molded in the form of festoons; mirrors, instead of reflecting objects, could serve rather as tablets for writing on them, in the dust, some notes for memory... The carpets were stained. There was a forgotten towel on the sofa; On rare mornings there was not a plate with a salt shaker and a gnawed bone on the table that had not been cleared away from yesterday’s dinner, and there were no bread crumbs lying around*

The situation that surrounds the main character is quite unpleasant. Oblomov tries to reproach his servant Zakhar for his sloppiness. But the servant turns out to be a match for his master. He talks about dust and dirt: “... why clean it up if it accumulates again.” Zakhar also believes that “He didn’t invent bedbugs and cockroaches, everyone has them.”

Oblomov does not have the strength or desire to force his servant to clean up the room. He is not able to do anything in his native village. But Ilya Ilyich is happy to make plans, continuing to lie on the sofa. Oblomov dreams of reconstruction in the village. Of course, his dreams have nothing to do with reality. It is basically impossible to implement them. And, of course, Oblomov himself will never be able to implement them. Oblomov’s daydreaming takes on some monstrous scope. He lives these dreams, thereby abandoning real life. The writer gives us the opportunity to observe Ilya Ilyich when he dreams: “A thought walked like a free bird across his face, fluttered in his eyes, sat on his half-open lips, hid in the folds of his forehead, then completely disappeared, and then an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his face...” .

Oblomov doesn’t think about own life. On the one hand, he may seem happy. He is not worried about tomorrow, he does not think about (any problems or troubles. But on the other hand, his life is devoid of very important components - movement, new impressions, active actions. Oblomov practically does not communicate with people, a complete life is enough for him privacy from people and worries.

It must be said that Oblomov’s inner world is very rich. After all, Ilya Ilyich is able to feel and understand art. In addition, he finds pleasure in communicating with certain people, for example, with his friend Stolz, Olga Ilyinskaya. However, this is clearly not enough to feel the fullness of life. And deep down in his soul Oblomov understands this. He tries to create an imaginary harmony between his inner world and the outer world. But this is not so easy to do. After all, real life comes into conflict with the world of dreams and dreams. Let Oblomov be completely satisfied with his existence. But at the same time he is unhappy because he has replaced real life with half-asleep. It is no coincidence that nothing pleases Ilya Ilyich; vivid experiences, feelings and emotions are unfamiliar to him. Oblomov's inertia and indifference to life become his tragedy.

Oblomov believes that everything suits him. In fact, he does not know any other life; activity, aspirations and activity are alien to him. Everything passes by the main character. And he still lives by his illusions. And the only thing he sees in front of him is an uncleaned room. The world has narrowed for Oblomov to the size of his own sofa. Ilya Ilyich gives up love, career, family happiness in order to lie quietly on the sofa. In fact, Oblomov’s narrow-mindedness becomes the cause of his tragedy. Ilya Ilyich could not see all the advantages real life. Oblomov's degradation has become completely justified. He doesn't even pay attention to his own appearance. For what? He's feeling good as it is. It doesn't matter what happened or what will happen. The main and only reality is the very sofa on which he slept for so long and on which main character prefers to stay.

Oblomov's life has no meaning. After all, inaction, emptiness, laziness, apathy cannot be called meaning. Life becomes painful, because it is not human nature to lead a plant existence. The novel “Oblomov” makes readers think that a person is capable of becoming his own enemy if he decides to replace real life with vegetation.

Literature lesson in 10th grade

Subject: Historical and philosophical meaning of I. A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”

Teacher: Davydova Natalia Vasilievna

Methodological support:

Working programm;

Literature. Grade 10. Textbook for general education institutions.

At 2 o'clock/Yu.V. Lebedev. – 11th ed. – M.: Education, 2009;

Literature. Grade 10: lesson plans based on the textbook by Yu.V. Lebedev. /aut.-state L.I. Kosivtsova. – Ed.2. – Volgograd: Teacher, 2010;

Russian literatureXIXcentury. Second half. Grade 10. Issue 4./Ed. L.G. Maksidonova. – M.: OLMA-PRESS Education, 2008.

Target

Designate historical philosophical problems, raised in the novel; contribute to the formation of students’ personal position on the issue of the peculiarities of Russian national character

Lesson Objectives

Educational objectives:

analyze I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” in accordance with the main stages of analysis of a literary text;

identify the reading position of students;

determine what idea of the ideal of life, the ideal of man, the author forms in his novel.

Educational tasks:

to cultivate a value-based attitude towards the masterpieces of Russian literature;

create situations moral choice based on educational material;

promote the formation of citizenship;

to form attitudes, value orientations, life ideals that dominate in society;

Developmental tasks:

develop the ability to compare, classify, generalize facts and phenomena;

develop monologue speech of students;

create conditions for students to develop independent thinking in the process of educational activities;

increase the level of educational motivation.

Tasks of personality socialization:

collaborate with students to achieve a joint result;

provide the student with space for self-determination and decision-making;

to develop communication skills, the ability to formulate, justify, and defend one’s opinion.

Information for teachers

The lesson is based on working with materials from articles by philosophers, literary scholars, and the texts of Russian folk tales; analysis of the historical and philosophical significance of the problems raised in the novel. The lesson will be more productive if the teacher manages to create an atmosphere favorable for students to independently think and freely express their assumptions. Reproductions of paintings by Russian artists can be used to design the lesson. different eras, capturing pictures of Russian nature, wonderful faces of Russian people, as well as an audio recording of drawn-out Russian folk song(“It’s not the wind that bends the branch”).

Pre-homework for the whole class

From the text of chapters 1, VI; 1, VIII; 2, IV, select quotes on the topic: “Oblomov’s Dreams.”

Individual task

Choose from chapters 1,11; 1, VIII; 2, IV; 2, X;4,11 quotes on the topic: “Oblomov’s philosophy of life.”

Equipment

Portrait of I.A. Goncharov;

Epigraph:Where is the ideal of life?.. What is not Oblomovism?..

Ilya Oblomov. I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”;

Multimedia presentation;

Handouts (information cards, tables);

Fragment feature film“A few days in the life of Oblomov”

DURING THE CLASSES

I .Teacher's opening speech. Communicating the topic and objectives of the lesson

Teacher: The fast pace of life, the abundance of issues requiring immediate resolution, the mass social problems sometimes they do not allow each of us to stop and think: what is “I”, where is the line that does not allow my “self” to disappear, to dissolve, what is the uniqueness of my life...

What should an ideal person be like? What is an ideal life?.. How to answer these questions modern man? What do you think about this?

(Students' answers)

Slide 1

Teacher: I.A. also thought about these problems in his novel. Goncharov. Genre nature“Oblomov” is complex and multi-layered. “Oblomov” is a social novel, but it has the features of a satirical and philosophical work. The nature of the philosophical problems raised in the novel allows us to talk about it as a warning novel.

What idea of the ideal of man, the ideal of life does the author form in his novel? What misconceptions and mistakes is Goncharov trying to warn against?

Slide 2

Students:

- We open the novel by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov” and together with the author and his hero we reflect on what a person is and what his purpose in life is. The problem that worries the author is from the category of eternal questions, to which, as we know, there are no final, complete and unambiguous answers.

Every era, every people finds its own answers. I.A. Goncharov, turning to the sources of national character, encourages the reader to comprehend specific national traits and offer his own version of the answer to eternal questions from the position of the Russian person.

Slide 3

Teacher: Let's listen to a drawn-out Russian folk song, look at the canvases of Russian artists from different eras, capturing pictures of Russian nature, the wonderful faces of Russian people.

(Sounds Russian folk song“It’s not the wind that bends the branch...”, on the slide are paintings by Russian artists: F. Vasiliev “Wet Meadow”, A. Venetsianov “Sleeping Shepherd”, S. Zhukovsky “Poetry of the Old noble nest", M. Klodt "On the arable land", V. Maksimov "The arrival of the sorcerer on peasant wedding”, F. Malyavin “Whirlwind”, G. Myasoedov “Zemstvo is having lunch”, I. Ostroukhov “Siverko”, A. Popov “Morning in the Village”, canvases by I. Shishkin, I. Levitan.)

Teacher: All these open spaces, roads stretching beyond the horizon, rivers and lakes reflecting bright skies, haystacks awkwardly perched on the hillside; faces, stern and tender, mournful and happy, suffering and jubilant, evoke in the soul of a Russian person a difficultly realized excitement, deeply personal, subtle, intimate feelings, as if the memory of many generations of ancestors awakens and says: “This is all in you. This is what you are made of. This is all yours that is incredibly dear, close, and dear.” This is how we begin to realize that we belong to native culture and think like people involved in historical fate of his people.

II .Analytical work on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov

First teaching situation

The image of a German as perceived by the heroes of the novel “Oblomov”

Teacher: Forming an idea of the ideal traits of a Russian person, of the ideal state of Russian life, the author throughout the novel consistently compares Oblomov and Stolz not only as different people psychological types, but also as representatives of Russian and German national cultures.

Slide 4

Characterizing Stolz as half-Russian, half-German, the author does not miss the opportunity to emphasize his German roots, thereby fitting his thoughts about Stolz’s personality into the context of the tradition of depicting Germans in Russian literature. Remember: Vralman from D. I. Fonvizin’s comedy “The Minor”, Andriyan Prokhorov’s guests in the story “The Undertaker”, Hermann in “The Queen of Spades”, Andrei Karlovich in “ The captain's daughter"A. S. Pushkin. It's hard to find among them in every sense words of a positive hero.

What generalized image of a German is formed in statements

characters from the novel "Oblomov"?

Why do these characters imagine Germans this way?

(Students, having previously worked with the text of the work at home, read out the statements of the characters in the novel about the Germans.)

Students:

Zakhar: “Why are others clean? - Oblomov objected. - Look opposite, at the tuner’s: it’s nice to look at, but there’s only one girl...

- “Where will the Germans take the rubbish,” Zakhar suddenly objected. - Look how they live! The whole family has been gnawing on the bone for a week. The coat passes from the father's shoulders to the son, and from the son again to the father. My wife and daughters are wearing short dresses: everyone tucks their legs under them like geese... Where can they get dirty laundry? They don’t have it like we do, so that in their cupboards there’s a bunch of old, worn-out clothes lying around over the years, or a whole corner of bread crusts accumulated over the winter... They don’t even have a crust lying around in vain: they’ll make some crackers and drink it with beer!

Zakhar even spat through his teeth, talking about such a stingy life" (1,I) . Tarantiev: “Damned German, scoundrel!..”

“Tarantiev had some kind of instinctive aversion to foreigners. In his eyes, a Frenchman, a German, an Englishman were synonyms for a swindler, a deceiver, a cunning person or a robber. He didn’t even make a distinction between nations: they were all the same in his eyes” (1, IV).

Stolz's mother: “She was afraid that her son would become the same German burgher that his father came from. She looked at the entire German nation as a crowd of patented philistines, did not like the rudeness, independence and arrogance with which the German masses everywhere present their burgher rights developed over a millennium, like a cow wears its horns, not being able, by the way, to hide them.

In her opinion, there was not and could not be a single gentleman in the entire German nation. She did not notice any softness, delicacy, condescension in the German character...

No, these ignoramuses are just pushing, they’re insisting on what they’re supposed to do, they’re taking it into their heads, they’re ready to smash a wall with their foreheads just to act according to the rules” (2,I).

“The German (Stolz’s father) was a practical and strict man, like almost all Germans” (1, IX).

“From his father, he (Stolz) learned to look at everything in life, even the little things, without joking; perhaps I would have adopted from him the pedantic rigor with which the Germans accompany their gaze with every step in life, including marriage” (4,VII).

Conclusion on the first training situation

The author put the characteristics of the Germans into the mouths of characters who form all their ideas only by hearsay, ready-made borrowing common points of view. Therefore, the Germans - in their assessment - are extremely stingy, greedy, calculating people, thinking only about their own benefit and ready to deceive and betray anyone with whom they deal in everything following the rules, strictly following all instructions, not distinguished by good upbringing, delicacy, noble manners. However, the words of the author himself are imbued with a sense of respect: he speaks of the “efficiency” and “pedantic severity” of the Germans.

Second training situation

Teacher. Some researchers of the novel “Oblomov” saw in the image of Stolz only a set of stereotypical traits. So, the German literary critic

Ute Dannenmann, discussing the novel by I. A. Goncharov, writes:

“In this novel, the hero, a lazy and uninterested Russian gentleman, is contrasted with the German Stolz. This is a mobile, active, reasonable person. He, who received a strict, hard-working and practical upbringing from his German father, is ambitious, purposeful and energetic. For him... a rational approach to life is important, passions are alien to him...

The German in the novel is organized, hardworking, economical, takes his work seriously, and is pedantic. In the consciousness of Russian society, such an idea turns into a cliche.”

Is it fair to see in the image of Stolz only the embodiment
typical traits of the German character? Is it possible to determine

Oblomov's character is only a set of typical traits
for a Russian person?

(Students' answers)

Teacher: Let's turn to the articles of Russian philosophers and literary scholars, working in pairs using cards.

Slide 5

About which psychological traits how about typical features

Russian and European character types are spoken by philosophers and

literary scholars?

Task for organizing work in pairs

1. Study the contents of the card.

2. Write down words, phrases that characterize features

the national character of a Russian person (or a German).

3. Exchange information with the student with whom you are working in pairs.

4. Compare the materials you have selected. Prepare to

Share your findings with the class.

CARD No. 1 ( I option)

Read excerpts from the article by K.D. Kavelina “Our mental

build."

2. About what psychological traits as typical traits of Russian and

3. Fill out the table.

The problem of national character: philosophical understanding

Slide 6

Konstantin Dmitrievich Kavelin (1818 - 1885)

Our mental structure

The basis of European culture was a highly developed personality. Personal independence, personal freedom have always been the starting point and ideal in Europe. Its entire civil and political life, from top to bottom, was built on agreements, on a system of mutual equalization of rights.

Strongly emphasized individuality hampered the cause of political and civil unification, so European scientific thought turned to the development of objective law. There was no need to worry about the individual, the personal; it already manifested itself too much everywhere, and theoretically there was no need to defend it.

Distrust and suspicion of everything that directly or indirectly related to the inner, mental world, accumulated over centuries, gave the critical side of the mind a special subtlety, sensitivity and a predominantly negative disposition.

Does this formulation of questions have anything in common with what we have seen and are seeing in our own country?

The excessive development of personal energy, the iron steadfastness of his face, his unbridled desire for freedom, his scrupulous and jealous protection of his rights, it seems, we have never had reason to boast. The legal personality was barely born in our country and continues to amaze us with its passivity, lack of initiative and the crudest, half-wild realism.

Our appetites are often developed to the point of morbidity, but there is neither the desire nor the ability to work in order to satisfy them, overcome obstacles, defend ourselves and our thoughts... That is why in the course of our public and private affairs there is no deliberate system, no consistency, no continuity from generation to generation. People change, and the case disappears; everything goes completely differently until chance again brings another person to the same business, who again puts it into use, so that after him it is again abandoned and forgotten.

We always fantasize, always give in to the first random whim, changing them constantly. We complain about the situation, about the evil fate, and especially about the general indifference and indifference to all good and useful deeds. But everyone, like us, would like things to happen by themselves, so that life would bring us the gifts of labor and education without any participation on our part in menial work. And so we hide behind the course of things, behind the logic of events that should work for us. This is how it actually turns out: everything happens somehow by itself, apart from us, but not at all the way we would like. Elemental forces not controlled by man bring us the most bizarre surprises instead of what we dream of.

We also do not suffer from excessive inquisitiveness and courage of thought, excessive tension and development of mental activity that exceeds the boundaries of the possible. On the contrary, we think too little, the element of thinking is zero in us, takes almost no part in our affairs, and therefore is not included in our worldview and our practical activity.

CARD No. 1 ( II option)

1. Read fragments of the article by I. A. Ilyin “The Creative Idea of Russia.”

European character types is written by a philosopher?

3. Fill out the table.

The problem of national character: philosophical understanding

Slide 7

Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin (1883 - 1954)

Creative idea of Russia

For centuries, Russia and its civilization were destroyed, shocked, turned into ruins, slowed down, restrained, and therefore the Russian people cared about their internal culture.

The path of historical formation... brought suffering to the Russian people, taught them to accept them calmly, to experience them with dignity and patiently, with the help of humility, prayer, love, contemplation, and humor, to transform them into victory...

History has taught the Russian to creatively endure suffering and overcome it; However, the Russian knows a lot about suffering, since he is a person of feelings and goes towards all the vicissitudes of fate with an open heart...

If a Western European ever has the opportunity to come into contact with Russian spiritual culture, let him immediately think: “Here a loving and suffering soul is fighting for its perfection; it is very possible that she will succeed;

Well, even failures teach the world something...

Russian culture has only one problem: in it the heart seeks transformation in suffering through free contemplation. Here is the key to Russian religion, poetry, music, painting - to the Russian soul.

History knows peoples who are strong-willed, with sober, purposeful aspirations, with an attitude towards profit and domination...

History knows peoples prone to sensual contemplation; peoples prone to supersensible dreams; peoples with religious obsession; peoples with bright sparkling thoughts and peoples with meaningless profundity; frivolous peoples prone to pleasure; and stubborn peoples prone to eternal conspiracies.

Each of them has their own inherent... path in history and ideal.

The Russian people are, first of all, a people of feeling, and their main creative one. act-act hearts...

That is why anyone who is going to educate the Russian people must start from their heart, turn to the power of their contemplation - if he is not capable of this (due to his own heartlessness and petty reason), he will understand negligibly little about the Russian people...

The Russian people must cultivate their national character on the basis of free contemplation with the heart and contemplation with the conscience.

This creative idea has been nurtured and implemented for centuries, if not millennia. It was brought into life extremely slowly, as slowly as, incidentally, everything truly great and beautiful in life arises, for a flower slowly blooms, slowly is created family life, a unique folk culture is slowly maturing.

CARD No. 1 ( III option)

1. Read fragments of the article by D. S. Likhachev “On national

Russian character."

2. 0 what psychological traits are typical of Russian and

European character types is written by a philosopher?

3. Fill out the table.

The problem of national character: philosophical understanding

Slide 8

Dmitry Sergeevich Likhachev (1906 - 1999)

On the national character of Russians

There is no point in arguing about whether Russia belongs to Europe or Asia. Unfortunately, this question is rarely raised in Germany, Poland or other countries nearby, where there has been a certain tendency to portray themselves as the border guards of Europe. Russian culture spreads over a vast territory. This culture is one.

Russian culture is a universal culture and tolerant of the cultures of other peoples. She is always at her deepest core committed to the idea of individual freedom.

Most people in the West are still convinced that Russians are characterized not only by tolerance, but also by patience, and at the same time - humility, impersonality, and a low level of spiritual needs. No, no and NO! Russians are characterized by a desire for freedom.

One trait, noticed long ago, really constitutes the misfortune of the Russians: this is going to extremes in everything, to the limits of the possible.

Peter the Great moved the capital of the state to the most dangerous frontier - to the sea. The capital is on the very border of a huge country - I think this is the only case in world history. And what can we say about the numerous monasteries that were constantly moving further and further into the forests and islands to the icy sea?

Is it good or bad? I don't presume to judge. But that Russia, because of this trait, has always been on the verge of extreme danger is beyond any doubt, just as ; that in Russia there was no happy present, but only a dream of a happy future that replaced it.

There are a lot of Russian national character traits. Their existence is not easy to prove, especially if each trait is opposed as some kind of counterweight and other traits: generosity - stinginess(often unjustified), kindness - anger (again unjustified), love of freedom - desire for despotism...

We need to understand the traits of the Russian character. Correctly directed, these traits are an invaluable quality of a Russian person.

Slides 9, 10, 11, 12

Table filling option

The problem of national character: philosophical understanding

Russian character traits

Traits European type of character

Tendency to grandiose plans, but inability to implement them, there is no system in business, “we always fantasize, give ourselves up to random whims,” “we complain about the situation, about evil fate, and especially about general indifference and indifference,” “we think too little” . The ability to “calmly perceive suffering, endure with dignity and patiently, with the help of humility, prayer, love, contemplation, humor, transform it into victory”, “the Russian people are, first of all, a people of feeling, and its main creative act is the act of the heart”, “free contemplation heart and contemplation with conscience." “Russians are characterized by a desire for freedom”, “the desire to go to extremes in everything, to the limits of the possible”, “there are a lot of traits of the Russian national” character... Each trait is opposed... and other traits: generosity - stinginess (often unjustified), kindness - anger (again unjustified), love of freedom - desire for despotism..."

Erased individuality, distrust, suspicion of all manifestations inner world, subtlety of the critical side of the mind, negative mindset; excessive development of personal energy, “scrupulous and jealous protection of one’s rights,” “inquisitiveness and courage of thought, excessive stress and development of mental activity.”

Teacher: If we were given the goal of creating a collage of photographs and paintings that reflected Stolz's state of mind, what difficulty would we inevitably encounter?

Students:

- We characterize the state of Oblomov’s soul through pictures of Russian nature, through portraits of Russian people, but in order to depict Stolz’s inner world, we would need both views of German cities, villages, portraits of Germans of different classes, and the same canvases through which we characterized Oblomov. After all, Stolz cherishes both what he inherited from Europe (his roots are there, his business is there), and what Russia gave him (here is his homeland, here he spent his childhood and youth, and besides, he “traveled all over Russia ...").

- Creating the characters of Oblomov and Stolz, the author does not explore the entire complex of typical traits of national character, but dwells on the most significant, from his point of view, traits: in Oblomov it is laziness, passivity, immersion in sleep, in Stolz it is activity, determination.

Teacher. The author closely intertwines the fates of the heroes: he tells the reader about the friendship of Oblomov and Stolz in childhood and youth; we witness how excitedly, with what hope Oblomov waits for his friend, how they both rejoice when they meet, how they try together to find a way out of the current situation. In addition, by the will of the author, Oblomov and Stolz were destined to fall in love with the same girl,

Isn’t there another author’s hint to the reader hidden in this principle of depicting characters?

Slide 13

For what purpose author so consistently brings together the destinies of Oblomov and Stolz?

Student : Oblomov and Stolz were necessary for each other, they complemented each other. Probably, by bringing together the fates of these heroes, the author sought to show the reader what a perfect type of personality could be obtained if it were possible to combine in one person the spiritual depth and sensitivity, sincerity and spontaneity of Oblomov and the will, composure, and determination of Stolz.

Teacher : Is there any evidence in the novel that this is true?

guesses? Remember the scene of the separation of Oblomov and Stolz.

“And this child is my son! His name is Andrei in memory of you!” Oblomov finished at once and calmly took a breath, laying aside the burden of frankness.

Now Stolz has changed his face...

Oblomov... wanted to say something but couldn’t. He extended both hands to Andrei, and they hugged silently, tightly, as they hug before a battle, before death. This hug stifled their words, tears, feelings...

- Don't forget my Andrey! - were last words Oblomov, spoken in a faded voice...

“No, I won’t forget your Andrei,” Stolz thought sadly. “...But I will take your Andrei where you could not go... and with him we will put our youthful dreams into action”” (4, IX).

Student : Oblomov named his son Andrei, entrusted Stolz with taking care of him, because he hoped that he would raise him correctly.

Conclusion on the second training situation

In that plot twist the thought we have already formulated is emphasized: Andrei, Oblomov’s son, will be raised in Stoltz’s house, that is, he will combine in himself both the traits inherited from Oblomov and the traits developed by Stoltz’s upbringing. This will be a completely different type of person, a person to whom, according to the author, the future belongs.

Third learning situation

Teacher: In the image of Oblomov one can easily discern features that bring him closer to the images of heroes of Russian fairy tales. Oblomov is simple-minded and simple-minded, like Ivanushka the Fool, lazy and trusting, like Emelya.

How deep do you think the roots of Oblomov’s personality type go in the history of the formation of Russian national character?

How does comparison with the heroes of folk tales enrich the reader's understanding of Oblomov's image?

Slide 14

Students:

- The hero of the novel from childhood began to perceive his surroundings through the prism of a fairy tale and throughout his life he tried to create in reality special world, fabulous (“Freed from business worries, Oblomov loved to withdraw into himself and live in the world he created” - 1, VI).

He lived in a world that existed according to the laws of fairy-tale goodness, identified himself with the heroes of fairy tales and legends (“Hearing tales about ourgolden rune - the Firebird, about the obstacles and hiding places of the magic castle, the boy was either cheerful, imagining himself a hero of a feat, and goosebumps ran down his back, or he suffered for the failures of the brave man" - 1,IX), feared the forces of evil, which in fairy tales opposed the forces of good (“The fairy tale retains its power not only over children in Oblomovka, but also over adults until the end of their lives” - 1,IX).

Teacher: Which hidden meaning conceals a Russian folk tale? Pay attention to the information card.What deep feature of the inner world makes Oblomov similar to the heroes of folk tales? Read and comment on the fragments of Russian fairy tales shown on the cards.

CARD – INFORMER No. 1

Russian soul in fairy tales and legends

“Like other peoples (Russians, perhaps, more clearly), a fairy tale is an objectified contemplation of the people’s heart, a symbol of their sufferings and dreams, hieroglyphs of their soul...

Its source and depth are purely national - it is the emotional and spiritual experience of the people, comprehended in poetic images...

The soul of the people expresses its cherished thoughts, aspirations, hopes, and dreams in a fairy tale; here are unshed tears, unfulfilled desires, insight and intuition of conscience...

The Russian fairy tale penetrates the human heart, bringing into it the word of freedom, revealing its inner gaze, filling it with hope, freeing it from fear; with her visions she gives him rest, calms him down... makes him wise...

What does the Russian soul in all its originality expect from its fairy tale? What questions does it pose to poetic fantasy...

First of all -What is earthly happiness? In what it? Is it floating towards righteous man or eludes him? Is it necessary to extract it and how, with what?..

The second question from the same series: what is fate? Where does this Russian proverb come from: grief for the smart, happiness for the fools?.. Or maybe they are not fools at all, but quite normal, smart people? And fate is what is “written in one’s destiny”...

And finally, the fairy tale concerns purely philosophical questions: is it true that only the possible is possible, and the impossible is excluded?

The fairy tale embodies folk ideas about what a person should be like in order to achieve his dreams.

CARD No. 2

Princess Frog

Ivan Tsarevich returned to his chambers sadly, hanging his head below his shoulders.

Kva-kva, Ivan Tsarevich! Why did you become so twisted? - the frog asks him. - Did Al hear an unpleasant word from his father?

How can I not freak out? My lord, my father, ordered you to make a soft White bread.

Don't worry, prince! Go to bed and rest; The morning is wiser than the evening!

She put the prince to bed and threw off her frog skin - and turned into a maiden soul, Vasilisa the Wise; went out onto the red porch and shouted:

-Babysitters! Get ready, get ready, prepare soft white bread, the kind I ate, ate at my dear father’s.

The next morning Ivan Tsarevich woke up, the frog’s bread had been ready for a long time - and so delicious that you couldn’t even think of it, nor say it, nor describe it in a fairy tale...

CARD No. 2

Sivka-burka

In a certain kingdom, in a certain state, out of the blue, two hundred miles away - you can’t see from here, there lived an old man and an old woman, and they had three sons. Two sons were good, smart, and the third was a fool, his name was Vanka. And his place was on the stove. Their mother died, and then the old man began to boast. The sons are engaged in arable farming, plowing, sowing, selling grain. The old man fell ill and told his sons...

Fyodor and Vasily began to get ready to go to the city on the appointed date. And Ivan got down from the stove and said: “Brothers, take me too.” - “Where can we get such a dirty guy, you’ll hit us in the dirt!” “Sit on the stove and shovel the ashes,” the brothers answered...

And when the brothers left... he went... into the reserved meadows... shouted and whistled:

"Sivka-Burka, Prophetic Kaurka, stand in front of me like a leaf in front of the grass!

The horse ran up to Ivan, and the horse stood rooted to the spot. Ivan got into the right ear, and out of the left, and suddenly became such a handsome hero, the likes of which the world has never seen...

That’s when everyone recognized Vanya. His wife, the Princess, fell in love with him. The king drove away

deceiver sons-in-law, and put him in charge of the kingdom.

Vanya was not a fool, but his homeland is like that!

CARD No. 2

About Emelya the fool

In one small village lived three brothers: Semyon and Vasily and the third

Emelya is a fool.

The older brothers were married and engaged in trade, but Emelya the Fool still lay on the stove, shoveled soot and slept for several days without waking...

Emelya, no matter how stupid he was, nevertheless wanted to catch that pike... he came close to it, suddenly grabbed it with his hand, pulled it out of the water and, putting it in his bosom, wanted to go home. But the pike told him: “What are you, you fool! What did you catch me with?.. Let me into the water; I will do something for you: whatever you wish, everything will come true according to your desire.” The fool, hearing this, was very happy, for he was extremely lazy, and thought to himself: “When the pike does everything I want - everything will be ready, then I will no longer work!”

Emelya forgave them everything and dressed them all, both brothers and daughters-in-law, in precious clothes. And the king then prepared a feast and gave them their parental blessing to go down the aisle.

Students:

- The author of the novel endowed Oblomov with a trait characteristic of fairy-tale heroes especially beloved by the people. This trait is faith in the possibility of a miracle, an internal readiness to encounter a miracle. It is precisely this quality of giftedness that explains the miracles that happen to these fairy-tale heroes - others, sane, reasonable, even if they met a miracle, would never believe their eyes.

It is this feature that gives the image of Oblomov a special charm, and the hero, in whom the author wanted to emphasize laziness and inability to create, traits that could lead to a crisis for the entire people, becomes attractive to both the author himself and the readers.

Teacher: If we turn to the epic about the Russian hero Ilya-Muromets, we will meet a different - heroic - interpretation of the motive of inaction.

How long can you wait for a miracle? The fairy tale anticipates this question: no matter how long the wait may seem to a person, he should not lose faith in a miracle, he should continue to wait. Remember: “You waited three years, but you couldn’t wait three days.”

It is in dreams of a miracle that Oblomov is immersed.

What does he dream about? How do these dreams characterize Oblomov?

Slide 15

Implementation of homework

A selection of quotes written by students from the text of the novel on the topic “Oblomov’s Dreams”

“The pleasures of lofty thoughts were available to him; he was no stranger to universal human sorrows. He wept bitterly in the depths of his soul at other times over the misfortunes of mankind, experienced unknown, nameless suffering, and melancholy, and a longing for somewhere far away, probably to that world where Stolz used to take him..." (1 .VI)

“He sometimes likes to imagine himself as some kind of invincible commander, in front of whom not only Napoleon, but also Eruslan Lazarevich means nothing...

Or he will choose the arena of a thinker, a great artist: everyone worships him; he reaps laurels; the crowd chases after him, exclaiming: “Look, look, here comes Oblomov, our famous Ilya Ilyich! ”(1, VI)

“He imagined himself sitting on a summer evening on the terrace at the tea table...

The idle servants sit at the gate; there you can hear cheerful voices, laughter, a balalaika, girls playing burners; his little ones frolic around him, climb onto his lap, hang on his neck; behind the samovar sits... the queen of everything around her, his deity... a woman! wife! Meanwhile, in the dining room, decorated with elegant simplicity, welcoming lights shone brightly, a large round table…

Oblomov’s face suddenly flushed with a blush of happiness: the dream was so bright, alive, and poetic that he instantly turned his face to the pillow. He suddenly felt a vague desire for love, quiet happiness, suddenly longed for the fields and hills of his homeland, his home, his wife and children...

He thought about a small colony of friends who would settle invillages and farms, fifteen or twenty miles around his village, how they would alternately come to visit each other every day, have lunch, dinner, and dance; he sees all the clear days, clear faces; without worries and wrinkles, laughing, round, with a bright blush, with
double chin and unfading appetite; there will be eternal summer, eternal fun, sweet food and sweet laziness...

- God, God! - he said from the fullness of happiness and woke up" (1,VIII).

Students:

What Oblomov dreams of (silence, peace, a happy family, good friends), so everyday that, from Stolz’s point of view, for example, it is unworthy of being a dream. But also fairy-tale heroes(Ivanushka the Fool, Emelya) also do not dream at the beginning of fairy tales of either a princess or a kingdom. That's why they laugh at them because they don't want anything. They
they just live... And life gives them a miracle - it makes the dreams of many other people come true for them.

It so happens that by the end of the novel, even despite the death of the hero, an inexplicable feeling of expectation of a miracle still remains in the reader’s soul.

Slide 16

Teacher. The author ends the novel with a scene of a chance meeting between Stolz and Zakhar. How does the content of the final scene of the novel help to understand the author's position in relation to the hero?

Student: Zakhar is Oblomov’s faithful companion, the keeper of Oblomov’s way of life and spirit. His fate is the creation of Oblomovka, the memory of her and the verdict on her. Zakhar depended on Oblomov for absolutely everything, and the ending of his life turned out to be tragic: the reader sees a sick, poor old man, without a home, without loved ones, crying for his master and continuing to idolize him. This is one of the main results of Oblomov’s life...

Conclusion on the third training situation

How did Oblomov’s dreams turn out? He could not bring happiness to Olga. He did not dare to take responsibility for raising his son and entrusted the care of him to Stolz. He was unable to save from ruin and death parents' house, and he also entrusted this concern to Stolz. He failed to prolong Agafya Matveevna's happiness...

And this is all - the result of the fate of a man who dreamed of a beautiful and harmonious life. The illusion of the possibility of a miracle, which had taken possession of the reader’s consciousness, is dispelled at the end of the novel.

Remember the image of another dreamer, the hero of Gogol. Oblomov, of course, is not a copy of Manilov: Oblomov is richer both spiritually and intellectually; and the author’s attitude towards his hero in the novel “Oblomov” is not limited to rejection, as in the poem “ Dead Souls"... But Goncharov throws the same bitter reproach to Oblomov as Gogol did to Manilov: no, even the brightest and most sublime, dreams will come true if you rely only on a miracle and do not make any efforts to achieve them.

Fourth training situation

Oblomov's philosophy of life

Slide 17

Teacher: However, we must be fair to Oblomov. His story is the story of a failed destiny, but still his life was not completely wasted.

Oblomov enriched Olga, created a completely different woman, deep, wise, able to suffer. This is exactly how Olga Stolz fell in love. It turns out that it was Oblomov who gave happiness to Stolz.

Oblomov enriched Stolz. How much Stolz had to change his mind, suffer, rethink himself when he realized that he could not save his friend. The entire novel is nothing more than the fruit of these thoughts (after all, it was Stolz who told the author Oblomov’s story).

Oblomov gave moments of quiet happiness to Agafya Matveevna.

Finally, through his unfulfilled fate, Oblomov conveyed to the reader the truth, without awareness of which the fate of any person cannot take place. What is this truth?

What life wisdom does the author seek to convey to the reader by telling Oblomov’s life story?

Let's listen to what Oblomov himself thought about life.

Slide 18

Individual homework option

Oblomov's philosophy of life

“Ten places in one day - unhappy!.. And this is life!.. Where is the man here? What does it fragment and crumble into?..” (1, II )

“I'm stuck, dear friend, I'm head over heels... Ridiculous, and deaf, and dumb for everything else in the world... We also call this a career! And how little of a person is needed here: his mind, his will, his feelings - why is this? Luxury! And he will live out his life, and many, many things will not move in him - and yet he works from twelve to five in the office, from eight to twelve at home - unhappy! (1, II ).

“Write at night... when can you sleep?.. Yes, write everything, waste your thoughts, your soul on little things... And write everything, write everything, like a wheel, like a car: write tomorrow, the day after tomorrow; the holiday will come, summer will come - and he writes everything? When should you stop and rest? Unhappy!" (1, II ).

"What a life! What a disgrace this capital noise is! When will the heavenly, desired life come? When to the fields, to the native groves? - he thought. “I wish I could lie now on the grass, under a tree, and look through the branches at the sun and count how many birds are on the branches... When will this time come?..” (1, VIII)

“I don’t like this life of yours in St. Petersburg! ...Everything, the eternal running around, the eternal game of crappy passions, especially greed, interrupting each other's paths, gossip, gossip... Boredom, boredom, boredom!.. Where is the man here? Where is his integrity? Where did he disappear, how did he exchange for every little thing?..

Aren't these the dead? Don't they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more to blame than them, lying at home...

And our best youth, what are they doing? Doesn't he sleep while walking, driving along Nevsky, dancing? Daily empty shuffling of days!..” (2, IV ).

“Ah, life! Touching, no peace! I would lie down and fall asleep... forever..." (4, II ).

Teacher: Compare these remarks by Oblomov with the thoughts of the 20th century Russian philosopher Ivan Ilyin.

INFORMATION CARD

Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin

Where is... the man?

If we take a moment away from everyday life and reflect, we will see ourselves in the center of a global crisis, where life is increasingly filled with deprivation and fear... Anxiety, horror, sadness grip humanity more and more deeply; Poverty, bitterness, anger and despair are becoming increasingly bitter.

When you see all this, experience it every day, spend years in melancholy and compassion, a passionate desire for quiet peace and anticipated joy arises in your heart. But as soon as such a desire appears, you immediately ask yourself a question filled with skepticism: is there anything like this in this world? Will you really find true peace and experience true joy? In this world?.. And with these people?..

Today's spiritual crisis... is that modern human thought has lost its primordial deep soil; she has firmly blocked her access to spiritual experience...

The mystery of life disappears, and it can never be found again - neither in the world as such, nor in man himself. Everything becomes mundane, sober, dry and flat. Life becomes flat, flat, short-term and superficial life goals person. In technical terms, he becomes almost omnipotent, but poor and static in feelings, short-sighted in contemplation, arrogant in self-esteem, hungry for power in his will. Such a person can only be translated into the language of economics, politics and war. Now we have what we have...

Man is divided, fragmented, crushed, he has forever lost his healthy natural integrity...

An internally holistic person is a free person, a person of Christian culture. That is why Orthodox theology seeks spiritual reconciliation and integrity of a person from within, that is why it turns to the deep layers of his soul.

Conclusion on the fourth training situation

Reflecting on the peculiarities of the national character, the author leads the reader to an awareness of the truth that is significant for representatives of any culture: the art of living equally presupposes the ability to set high goals for oneself, overcome weaknesses that impede the achievement of these goals, and the ability to preserve individuality, “self,” and not waste mental strength.

III . Summing up the lesson

Teacher: The surname “Oblomov” is associated primarily with the word “fragment” - a fallen part of something that was once whole. The surname is associated with motives paradise lost, abyss, cliff appearing in the novel. All the heroes of the novel are connected by one common sympathy, one memory of a soul as pure as crystal. All of them - each in their own way - are spiritualized. Everyone loves each other, and to express this love you don’t need any words, ideas, principles, you don’t need to change or “educate” another person. These changes occur thanks to the influence of Oblomov, not even of himself, but of his image, the memory of him. And Olga, Stolz and Agafya are brought together by the name of Oblomov.

The author created the image of a very earthly person, touching in his weaknesses, who has one important quality, which people gifted with other talents lacked more than him. He knew one, but the main commandment: “Love each other!”

(On the screen - final scene feature film “A few days in the life of Oblomov.”)

Slide 19

IV . Homework

Write an essay on one of the topics formulated as the main questions of the lesson:

1. What idea does the author form about the ideal of man, the ideal of life?

in your novel?

2. What misconceptions and mistakes does the author seek to warn readers against?

The social meaning of the novel The meaning of the title of the work The meaning of Oblomovka in the novel The meaning of Oblomov’s life in the novel Conclusion

Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is a landmark work of literature of the 19th century, touching on both acute social and many philosophical problems, remaining relevant and interesting to the modern reader. Ideological meaning The novel “Oblomov” is based on the opposition of an active, new social and personal principle with an outdated, passive and degrading one. In the work, the author reveals these principles on several existential levels, therefore, to fully understand the meaning of the work, a detailed consideration of each of them is required.

Social meaning of the novel

novel - Oblomov, whose childhood was spent in distant Oblomovka, where everyone lived quietly, lazily, with little interest in anything and caring almost nothing. The hero's native village becomes the embodiment of the ideals of Russian old-time society - a kind of hedonistic idyll, a “preserved paradise” where there is no need to study, work or develop.

Portraying Oblomov as “ extra person”, Goncharov, unlike Griboyedov and Pushkin, whose characters of this type ahead of society, introduces into the narrative a hero who lags behind society, living in the distant past. The active, active, educated environment oppresses Oblomov - the ideals of Stolz with his work for the sake of work are alien to him, even his beloved Olga is ahead of Ilya Ilyich, approaching everything from a practical side. Stolts, Olga, Tarantyev, Mukhoyarov, and other acquaintances of Oblomov are representatives of a new, “urban” personality type. They are more practitioners than theorists, they do not dream, but do, create new things - some by working honestly, others by deception.

Goncharov condemns “Oblomovism” with its gravitation towards the past, laziness, apathy and complete spiritual withering away of the individual, when a person essentially becomes a “plant” lying on the sofa around the clock.
However, Goncharov also portrays the images of modern, new people as ambiguous - they do not contain peace of mind and the inner poetry that Oblomov had (remember that Stolz only found this calm while relaxing with a friend, and already married Olga is sad about something distant and is afraid to dream, making excuses to her husband).

At the end of the work, Goncharov does not make a definite conclusion about who is right - the practitioner Stolz or the dreamer Oblomov. However, the reader understands that it was precisely because of “Oblomovism,” as a phenomenon that is sharply negative and has long since become obsolete, that Ilya Ilyich “disappeared.” That is why the social meaning of Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov” is the need for constant development and movement - both in the continuous construction and creation of the surrounding world, and in working on the development of one’s own personality.

The meaning of the title of the work

The meaning of the title of the novel “Oblomov” is closely related to the main theme of the work - it was named after the surname of the main character Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, and is also associated with what is described in the novel social phenomenon“Oblomovism”. The etymology of the name is interpreted differently by researchers. Thus, the most common version is that the word “Oblomov” comes from the words “Oblomok”, “break off”, “break”, denoting the state of mental and social breakdown of the landowner nobility, when it found itself in a borderline state between the desire to preserve old traditions and foundations and the need to change according to the requirements of the era, from a creative person to a practical person.

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Social meaning of the novel

In the novel “Oblomov,” Goncharov first introduced the concept of “Oblomovism” as a generalized name for outdated patriarchal-landlord foundations, personal degradation, and the vital stagnation of an entire social layer of Russian philistinism, unwilling to accept new social trends and norms. The author examined this phenomenon using the example of the main character of the novel, Oblomov, whose childhood was spent in distant Oblomovka, where everyone lived quietly, lazily, having little interest in anything and caring almost nothing. The hero's native village becomes the embodiment of the ideals of Russian old-time society - a kind of hedonistic idyll, a “preserved paradise” where there is no need to study, work or develop.

Portraying Oblomov as a “superfluous man,” Goncharov, unlike Griboyedov and Pushkin, whose characters of this type were ahead of society, introduces into the narrative a hero who lags behind society, living in the distant past. The active, active, educated environment oppresses Oblomov - the ideals of Stolz with his work for the sake of work are alien to him, even his beloved Olga is ahead of Ilya Ilyich, approaching everything from a practical side. Stolts, Olga, Tarantyev, Mukhoyarov, and other acquaintances of Oblomov are representatives of a new, “urban” personality type. They are more practitioners than theorists, they do not dream, but do, create new things - some by working honestly, others by deception.

Goncharov condemns “Oblomovism” with its gravitation towards the past, laziness, apathy and complete spiritual withering away of the individual, when a person essentially becomes a “plant” lying on the sofa around the clock. However, Goncharov also portrays the images of modern, new people as ambiguous - they do not have the peace of mind and inner poetry that Oblomov had (remember that Stolz only found this peace while relaxing with a friend, and the already married Olga is sad about something distant and is afraid to dream , making excuses to her husband).

The meaning of the title of the work

The meaning of the title of the novel “Oblomov” is closely related to the main theme of the work - it was named after the surname of the main character Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, and is also associated with the social phenomenon “Oblomovism” described in the novel. The etymology of the name is interpreted differently by researchers. Thus, the most common version is that the word “Oblomov” comes from the words “Oblomok”, “break off”, “break”, denoting the state of mental and social breakdown of the landowner nobility, when it found itself in a borderline state between the desire to preserve old traditions and foundations and the need to change according to the requirements of the era, from a creative person to a practical person.

In addition, there is a version about the connection of the title with the Old Slavonic root “oblo” - “round”, which corresponds to the description of the hero - his “rounded” appearance and his quiet, calm character “without sharp corners" However, regardless of the interpretation of the title of the work, it indicates the central storyline novel - the life of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov.

The meaning of Oblomovka in the novel

From the plot of the novel “Oblomov,” the reader from the very beginning learns many facts about Oblomovka, about what a wonderful place it is, how easy and good it was for the hero and how important it is for Oblomov to return there. However, throughout the entire narrative, events never take us to the village, which makes it a truly mythical, fairy-tale place. Picturesque nature, gentle hills, a calm river, a hut on the edge of a ravine, which the visitor needs to ask to stand “with his back to the forest, and his front to it” in order to enter - even in the newspapers there was never a mention of Oblomovka. The inhabitants of Oblomovka did not care about any passions - they were completely cut off from the world, they spent their lives in boredom and tranquility, based on constant rituals.

Oblomov's childhood was spent in love, his parents constantly spoiled Ilya, indulging all his desires. However, Oblomov was particularly impressed by the stories of his nanny, who read to him about mythical heroes and fairy-tale heroes, closely linking his native village with folklore. For Ilya Ilyich Oblomovka is a distant dream, an ideal comparable, perhaps, to beautiful ladies medieval knights singing the praises of women who were sometimes never seen. In addition, the village is also a way to escape from reality, a kind of half-imagined place where the hero can forget about reality and be himself - lazy, apathetic, completely calm and renounced from the world around him.

The meaning of Oblomov's life in the novel

Oblomov’s whole life is connected only with that distant, quiet and harmonious Oblomovka, however, the mythical estate exists only in the memories and dreams of the hero - pictures from the past never come to him in a cheerful state, his native village appears before him as some kind of distant vision, in its own way unattainable , like any mythical city. Ilya Ilyich is in every possible way opposed to the real perception of his native Oblomovka - he still does not plan the future estate, he delays for a long time in responding to the headman’s letter, and in a dream he does not seem to notice the disrepair of the house - a crooked gate, a sagging roof, a shaky porch, a neglected garden. And he really doesn’t want to go there - Oblomov is afraid that when he sees the dilapidated, ruined Oblomovka, which has nothing in common with his dreams and memories, he will lose his last illusions, which he clings to with all his might and for which he lives.

The only thing that brings complete happiness to Oblomov is dreams and illusions. He is afraid of real life, afraid of marriage, which he has dreamed of many times, afraid of breaking himself and becoming someone else. Wrapping himself in an old robe and continuing to lie on the bed, he “preserves” himself in a state of “Oblomovism” - in general, the robe in the work is, as it were, part of that mythical world that returns the hero to a state of laziness and extinction.

The meaning of the hero's life in Oblomov's novel comes down to gradual dying - both moral and mental, and physical, for the sake of maintaining his own illusions. The hero does not want to say goodbye to the past so much that he is ready to sacrifice a full life, the opportunity to feel every moment and recognize every feeling for the sake of mythical ideals and dreams.

Conclusion

In the novel “Oblomov,” Goncharov depicted the tragic story of the decline of a person for whom the illusory past became more important than the multifaceted and beautiful present - friendship, love, social well-being. The meaning of the work indicates that it is important not to stand still, indulging oneself in illusions, but to always strive forward, expanding the boundaries of one’s own “comfort zone.”

Work test

Oblomov what is the point. A hero opposite to Oblomov

The absurdity of the life of the main character of the work

Inaction does not make a person happy

Main character's home

Dreaminess in the character of Ilya, or Like in the village

A hero opposite to Oblomov

Andrey's influence on the main character

The meaning of Oblomov's life and death

Positive traits in the character of the main character

Social meaning of the novel

The meaning of the title of the work

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Social meaning of the novel

The meaning of the title of the work

The meaning of Oblomovka in the novel

The meaning of Oblomov's life in the novel

Conclusion