Prishvin biography briefly the most important things for children. Revolutionary ideas in the life and work of Prishvin

Mikhail was born on January 23 (February 4), 1873 in the village of Khrushchevo-Levshino, Oryol province, into a merchant family. His father inherited a rich inheritance, which he lost (after which he died of paralysis). Prishvin's mother was left alone with five children and a mortgaged estate. Despite everything, she was able to give them a good education.

Education

The first education in the biography of Mikhail Prishvin was received at a village school. Then he transferred to the first grade of the Yeletsk gymnasium, and several times remained there for the second year. And after 6 years of study, he was expelled for insolence and conflict with the teacher, although Mikhail also did not stand out much in terms of knowledge. Only 10 years later he continued his education at the Riga Polytechnic Institute.

IN student years Mikhail became close to the ideas of Marxism, for which he paid with arrest and imprisonment for a year. After leaving prison, he went abroad.
From 1900 to 1902 Prishvin studied at the University of Leipzig. There he received a specialty as an agronomist.

Writer's creativity

Returning to his homeland, he got married and began raising three children. And in 1906 he left his profession, began working as a newspaper correspondent and began writing. He wandered through the forests, traveled a lot, collected folklore. All the travel impressions he recorded then formed the basis of his books.

In a short biography of Prishvin, it is important to note that in 1906 his story “Sashok” was first published. Then his books with essays were published: “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds” (1907), “Behind the Magic Kolobok” (1908), “At the Walls of the Invisible City” (1908). From 1912 to 1914, the first collected works of the writer were published.

In the 1930s, the writer traveled to the Far East. Prishvin’s next books were: “Dear Animals” and the story “Ginseng” (1933), “Calendar of Nature” (1935), the novel “Kashcheev’s Chain” and many others. His “Diaries” (1905-1954) are also highly regarded.

“The singer of Russian nature,” is how writer K. Paustovsky briefly described Prishvin. Indeed, all the works of Mikhail Prishvin are imbued with special treatment the writer to the nature around him, and they are presented in a very beautiful linguistic form.

Death and legacy

The writer was installed bronze monument in Sergiev Posad in 2014, and in 2015 it was inaugurated on his birthday.

Asteroid No. 9539, discovered in 1982, was named after the writer.

Mikhail Prishvin is a Russian writer, prose writer and publicist. In his works he paid special attention to issues human existence, reflecting on the meaning of life, religion, relationships between men and women.

Prishvin defined his place in literature as follows: “Rozanov is the afterword of Russian literature, I am free application. And that's all..."

In the mid-20s, Prishvin began working on autobiographical novel“Kashcheev’s chain”, on which he will work until the end of his life.

A few years later he bought a van, calling it “Mashenka”. On it he traveled around Russian cities, collecting material for his works.

After this, a Moskvich-401 car appeared in Prishvin’s biography, which is located today in his house-museum. He managed to visit the Far East with this car.

Having received a lot of impressions from the trip, he wrote the book “Dear Animals”. Then Mikhail Prishvin visited Kostroma and Yaroslavl, after which he wrote the story “Undressed Spring”.

At this time, he began to be especially interested in photo hunting. He took pictures of animals and birds, and also photographed trees, lakes, forest edges and other landscapes. Later writer decorated his books with photographs he took himself.

The main work in Prishvin’s biography is the “Diaries”, consisting of 8 volumes. In them, he outlined in detail his vision of life, religion and the political situation in the country.

Personal life

The first wife in the biography of Mikhail Prishvin was Efrosinya Banykina. In this marriage they had three children - Lev, Peter and Sergei (the latter died in early childhood).

Over time, the writer lost interest in his wife and decided to leave for another woman.

Mikhail Prishvin and Valeria Liorko

At the age of 67, Prishvin married Valeria Liorko. An interesting fact is that the second wife was 26 years younger than him. Their family union lasted 14 years, until the death of the prose writer.

Death

Six months before his death, Prishvin was diagnosed with stomach cancer. The disease progressed quickly and after a few months the writer died.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin died on January 16, 1954 at the age of 80. The famous Russian writer was buried at the Vvedensky cemetery in Moscow.

Photos of Prishvin

Below you can see the few photos of Prishvin that are available.

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Russian Soviet writer Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin was born in the village of Khrushchevo, Yelets district on February 4, 1873 into a merchant family. Despite his origins, Prishvin was not a rich man, since his father lived large and squandered his fortune when Mikhail was just a child. At the age of six, thanks to the efforts of his mother, Mikhail entered the Yelets gymnasium, but after studying there for 4 years, he was expelled for insolence towards the teacher (some sources claim that Prishvin was not only a notorious hooligan, but also a poor student). Thanks to the petition of his uncle, a wealthy steamship owner, Misha went to complete his studies at the Tyumen Real School: he was accepted there “with a wolf ticket” on his uncle’s recommendation. Then, from 1893 to 1897 future writer becomes a student at the Riga Polytechnic University, who also does not graduate due to arrest. Prishvin began to actively participate in the Marxist circle, at the next meeting of which he was discovered by the police. Mikhail was greatly influenced by his university friend V.D. Ulrich, who actively promoted Marxism. Prishvin was caught red-handed when he was distributing leaflets and was put behind bars for a year for rebellious thoughts, and after that he was exiled to his native Yelets for another two years. In 1900, young Prishvin decided to give up politics and went to study as an agronomist at the University of Leipzig, after graduating from which, in 1902, he worked in his specialty, and in the evenings he wrote. Creative path The writer and his becoming a “tramp” began in 1906 with his move to St. Petersburg.

The year it started creative activity Mikhail Mikhailovich considers 1906, when his first work “Sashok” was published. But famous name Prishvin became after the publication of his “ Travel notes”, which he publishes after completing his trip to the far north, Karelia and the Volga region. Prishvin becomes a real traveler and local historian. He traveled all over Crimea, Kazakhstan, visited Norway, was in the Far East... The writer took a forced break from his work only with the advent of the First World War. Since 1918, he has been a war correspondent, and since 1919, a rural teacher in Smolensk. Before moving to Moscow and settling in the writers' house (next to Tretyakov Gallery), 15 long years have passed. This happened only in 1937.

Since 1940, Prishvin has published his diary of observations in stories and essays. After the war, the writer goes “closer to nature,” he buys a dacha and works there tirelessly.

The writer died on January 16, 1954. His body was interred at the Moscow Vvedensky cemetery.

Prishvin's main achievements

In our country, Prishvin is known as the creator of natural philosophy, as a writer who keenly observed what was happening in nature and kept diaries called “Notes of a Hunter.”
The name of Prishvin is associated with works that so clearly and naturally describe nature, where Mikhail Mikhailovich himself found so much artistic natural philosophy. During his lifetime he was called a “singer of nature”, who was able to transform his diary entries into real art. Among him literary heritage- essays, stories, and, most importantly, stories, those that our parents read to us in our distant childhood. The most significant, according to literary scholars, are: collections of essays “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds” (1907) and “Behind the Magic Kolobok” (1908), phenological notes “Calendar of Nature” (1935), the story “Spring of Light” (1940), the story “Undressed Spring” (1940), the lyrical and philosophical book “Forest Drops” (1940) and the cycle of miniatures of the same name, published in 1943, the fairy tale novel “Osudareva Road” (1957) and the autobiographical novel “Kashcheeva Chain”, published after the writer's death. Prishvin was also fond of writing articles on agronomy, of which he has more than a hundred in his publication alone.

Important dates in Prishvin’s biography

In 1897, Prishvin was sentenced to three years in prison for his political beliefs. In prison and exile, the writer decides to completely change his attitude towards power and no longer engage in politics. The last years of the late 19th century can be considered a turning point in the life of young Prishvin.
Since Mikhail was prohibited from living in major cities, he asks permission to travel abroad and continue his studies. And at the beginning of 1900 he receives it, after which he moves to Germany and “learns to be a useful person for his homeland.” In 1902, the writer returned to Russia and settled in Klin, where he worked as an assistant agronomist: now he brings advanced ideas to agronomy and agriculture.
Agronomy became his specialization forever. 1904 - Prishvin was offered a job in Moscow, in the laboratory of the Petrovsky Agricultural Academy under the leadership of the famous professor D.M. Pryanishnikova. In 1905, Prishvin published his first article, “Potatoes in garden and field crops.” He starts writing after the first positive feedback about his story “Sashok”, which was published in 1906.
Prishvin believed that personal life a person must have it. He married at the age of 25 a simple peasant woman from the Smolensk region, from whose marriage he had three sons, two of whom also gained fame in literature.
Since 1906, Prishvin has been working in St. Petersburg, where he publishes his favorites: “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds” and “Kolobok”. It was during this period that the writer began to take notes, which he did not interrupt throughout his life. Their total volume was 25 volumes!
In September 1917, Prishvin, working for the newspaper “The Will of the People,” prepared his first collection for publication.
In 1937, the writer moved to Moscow and published his most significant works there until the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War.
In September 1941, the writer's family moved with him to the remote village of Usolye near the city of Pereslavl-Zalessky and remained there until the end of the war. In 1943, Mikhail Prishvin was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor.
From 1946 to 1954, Mikhail Mikhailovich lived at his dacha near Zvenigorod, where the M.M. Prishvin Museum now operates.

Having left to study in Leipzig, young Prishvin fell in love with an Englishwoman. This was student love, which the poet needed not for marriage, but rather for flying. But the girl had strict manners and refused to reciprocate the future writer. From such bitter disappointment, Prishvin began to write poetry, and then returned to his homeland. But the girl wasted away in some bank office. But Prishvin suffers no less, so he agrees to “ unequal marriage", he marries the semi-literate simpleton Efrosinya Pavlovna, in whom he looks for the traits of a lost Englishwoman until old age. Euphrosyne bore him three sons, never interfered in her husband’s affairs and devoted thirty years of her life to him. After her death, he suddenly... married again. This happened in 1950, when the writer was looking for a secretary. A certain Valeria Lebedeva got a job with him, who promised the writer that not a single line from his manuscripts would be lost. He looked at the woman with a gaze and offered her his hand and heart. So Prishvin married for the second time.
In 1919, Prishvin was almost shot by pure chance: he was confused with a Jew when Mamontov’s Cossacks came to the city.
In the early 30s, the passion for cars was very fashionable. Mikhail, without fear, got behind the wheel of a car, which he was one of the first to purchase in Moscow. He did not let anyone drive his Moskvich; Mikhail Mikhailovich’s dogs were also accustomed to the car, with whom he went off-road on his four-legged horse into the forest for inspiration.

Russian, and later Soviet writer, prose writer, publicist, author of many essays about nature, stories for children - this is how Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin appears before us. An interesting, unique person whose personal life organically merged with his creativity. The man who wrote all conscious life one main work about himself, his place in the natural world - his Diaries. Let's take a closer look at life and creative heritage this unique person.

Born in 1873, on February 4 (January 23, old style) in the Oryol province (now the Lipetsk region of the Russian Federation), in the village of Khrushchevo-Levshino in the family of a merchant. In 1882 Mikhail was assigned to a local school, where he studied for one year. Further, in 1883 followed by studying at the gymnasium. Prishvin was not particularly diligent and knowledgeable; he loved to misbehave. Having studied for six years, he was able to complete his education in only four classes, because he repeated the second year twice. Due to a conflict with a teacher, he was expelled from the gymnasium. His mother sent Mikhail to Siberia, to his uncle. And already living with his uncle, he graduated from the Tyumen real school. In 1893 studies at the Riga Polytechnic Institute. As a student, like many young people at that time, he became interested in the ideas of Marxism and participated in various organizations. For agitation and distribution of prohibited literature, in 1897. was convicted and spent one year in Mitau prison.

After this, he spent some time in exile in the city of Yelets. But over time, politics becomes uninteresting to him. He received permission to leave and in 1900. leaves to study in Leipzig. There the writer masters the profession of an agronomist. In 1902 returns home. At first he works as a zemstvo agronomist, working in the laboratory of the Agricultural Academy. Then he became a personal secretary for a major St. Petersburg official, writing books on agricultural topics.

In 1906 decides to quit his main job as an agronomist and start literary activity. And at the same time, the first of the writer’s stories, “Sashok,” was published in the Rodnik magazine. The writer began working as a correspondent. As a person keenly interested in folklore and ethnography, he leaves for the North (to Karelia). His travel essays containing observations of life ordinary people, nature served as the basis for the book “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds.” It was she who brought wide fame to the writer, and he was also awarded honorary award Imperial Geographical Society- silver medal. The second essay, “Behind the Magic Kolobok,” was the result of his research in the Murmansk region, Norway. In these works, the author combines elements of a fairy tale and strict documentary presentation. Mikhail Prishvin also keeps his own Diary, which he will continue to work on throughout his life.

In 1912 The first 3-volume collected works of the writer were published. In the 20s, he began working on the autobiographical novel “ Koshcheev's chain" In the 1930s he traveled a lot around Soviet Union. He publishes books filled with wonderful descriptions of nature, as well as children's stories, works about animals - “The Pantry of the Sun”, “Fox Bread”, “The Chipmunk Beast”, etc. All these creations are written in an unusually beautiful, bright and colorful language. main idea the author, which can be traced in all his works, and in particular in the Diaries - to learn to live in harmony with the world around him, to appreciate all the good, bright things that exist in life.

Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin died on January 16, 1954 from stomach cancer in Moscow. He was buried at the Vvedenskoye Cemetery in Moscow.

Still, how far was the appearance of the true Prishvin from the one we absorbed almost with our mother’s milk! A narrow-minded grandfather, whose only happiness was hunting and fishing, who did not delve deeply into anything, skimmed on the surface, and therefore lived for more than 80 years. And only in last decade, when new archives were opened, when caring people were found, the true meaning of Prishvin was truly revealed. In essence, his eight-volume collected works, published in Soviet times, is far from complete.

He himself placed his Diaries much higher, which have not yet been published in full. They precisely refute the popular idea of Prishvin as a celestial being, a chronicler of nature, far from the storms of the century. Most likely, Prishvin knew how to appear, and not be, when it was necessary. He pretended to be a fool, a holy fool, being a man very much on his own mind. The diaries indicate exactly this. Before us is a sober analyst who is fully aware of everything that is happening in the country and in the world; risking making his own assessments of everything that is happening - and not being too concerned that these assessments will differ greatly from the official ones.

Biography of Mikhail Prishvin (1873 - 1954)

Prishvina cut through the middle of her life. Thus, half of his long life was spent in Tsarist Russia, the other half is in Sovetskaya. This circumstance determined the dramaturgy of his life and work. He was born on an estate near Yelets. Blessed places for Russian literature! It was on these lands that Leo Tolstoy, and Bunin, and Andrei Platonov were born. Prishvin lived a long and happy life, despite the fact that the time he had was difficult.

His childhood was quite difficult. He lost his father very early. The mother was left alone, but managed to give all the children an excellent education. Mikhail was sent to a local gymnasium. Three world-class personalities coincided there - Prishvin and Rozanov. Rozanov was a teacher. A clash occurred between him and Prishvin - a clash of two egos, bright, extraordinary characters. It led to Rozanov, by the right given to him, expelling the student from the gymnasium. Prishvin, indeed, was a bad student and behaved like a hooligan, for which he was awarded a “wolf ticket.” The confused mother sent her son to his brother in Siberia. Prishvin completed his education there. Then he studied in Riga. There, what happened to him then happened to many young people in Russia - he became infected with Marxism.

He spent a whole year in prison for associating with radical revolutionaries. After this, he was in exile for some time, after which his mother managed to send him abroad. Prishvin early chose for himself the position of an observer rather than a participant. He compared himself to a milepost, around which there is a lot of traffic, but he stands still. Of course, there is a certain deceit in this statement - after all, the work of the mind did not stop for a minute. February revolution Prishvin accepted, like many contemporary writers. At first, he reacted sharply negatively to the power of the Bolsheviks.

During the years the writer lived in a village and saw with his own eyes what was happening to the land, to the people, to the country. He begins to understand that the Bolsheviks are the only force that is capable of calming the elements of popular revolt and rebellion, that only retaliatory, very harsh punitive measures can bring the country to its senses. After the country returned to peaceful life, Prishvin finally became stronger in the idea that only through local history, ethnic studies is it possible to achieve spiritual harmony, that only through nature can all heart wounds be healed. Prishvin was married twice. There was almost no spiritual intimacy with his first wife; their breakup was only a matter of time. At 67, he married again.

Works of Mikhail Prishvin

By the age of 30, Prishvin had not yet written or accomplished anything, remaining a kind of undergrowth. He became a writer quite late. His whole life was a kind of preparation for expressing himself as fully as possible in words. At the age of Christ, Prishvin went to the North, to Karelia, in order to collect folklore. From there he brought his first book - “In the Land of Unfrightened Birds.” Already there all future Prishvin themes came together: the theme of the people, the theme of nature, the theme of Russia. You can feel from the syllable, from the style, how dear to the author everything that he describes is.

Prishvin developed the success of this book and went even further - to Solovki, the Murmansk region, and Norway. The impressions received from this trip formed the basis of the second book - “Behind the Magic Kolobok”. Prishvin very early began to combine strict documentaryism with a fairy-tale beginning, with a figurative and poetic vision of the world. Thus, Prishvin’s literary debut occurred in the period between two Russian revolutions - 1906-1907. It was difficult for Prishvin. At dawn there was " silver Age"and creative competition is higher than ever.

Recognized masters treat Prishvin condescendingly. For them, he is not really a writer - he is an essayist, he is a member of the Imperial Geographical Society, he is a photographer, he is an observer. No one suspects him to be a deep thinker. It was at this time that Prishvin began to keep a diary, reflecting everything that happened to Russia during the most dramatic periods of its history. Prishvin traveled a lot, traveled a lot, hunted a lot. He was an absolutely non-desk writer, a lively and enthusiastic person. In 1912, Prishvin met Gorky and a three-volume collection of Prishvin’s works was published by the publishing house “Znanie,” supervised by Gorky.

The book “The Worldly Cup” partly reflected Prishvin’s painful experiences during the revolution and civil war. Great success in the 20s had a book “Springs of Berendey” - a collection of hunting, fishing and other stories about how the country lives, how it is getting better again peaceful life. This is a book about the possibility of happiness in post-revolutionary Russia, a book of consolation, a book of hope. The reader truly recognized, accepted and fell in love with Prishvin with all his heart. Since then this connection has not been lost. Prishvin writes an autobiographical book “Koshcheev’s Chain”.

In the second half of the 20s. Prishvin’s fate is closely connected with the literary association “Pereval”. Prishvin behaves very competently: he responds to criticism, but does not get carried away, and builds relationships with magazine editors and colleagues. From a trip to Far East Prishvin brings the story “Ginseng” - an example of sentimental, plotless prose. In the terrible 30s. Prishvin continues to bring light to readers. IN last years Prishvin tries himself as a writer for children (“Pantry of the Sun”). Latest works Prishvin's novel "Osudar's Road" and the fairy tale "The Thicket of the Ship" became his works.

Prishvin laughingly stated the fact that, they say, he himself studied poorly, and now children learn Russian from him from the first grade.
In “Osudareva Road,” Prishvin’s first book is rewritten, as it were, in connection with the construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal.