What is more important: thinking or feeling? What controls a person to a greater extent: the mind or feelings? The captain's mind and feelings.

"Reason and Feeling"

Official comment:

The direction involves thinking about reason and feeling as two of the most important components of a person’s inner world, which influence his aspirations and actions. Reason and feeling can be considered both in harmonious unity and in complex confrontation that constitutes the internal conflict of the individual. The topic of reason and feeling is interesting for writers of different cultures and eras: heroes of literary works often find themselves faced with a choice between the dictates of feeling and the prompting of reason.

Aphorisms and sayings of famous people:

There are feelings that replenish and darken the mind, and there is a mind that cools the movement of the feelings. MM. Prishvin

If the feelings are not true, then our whole mind will turn out to be false. Lucretius

A feeling held captive by crude practical needs has only a limited meaning. Karl Marx

No imagination can come up with such a multitude of contradictory feelings that usually coexist in one human heart. F. La Rochefoucauld

Seeing and feeling is being, thinking is living. W. Shakespeare

The dialectical unity of reason and feeling is the central problem of many works of art in world and Russian literature. Writers, depicting the world of human intentions, passions, actions, judgments, one way or another touch on these two categories. Human nature is structured in such a way that the struggle between reason and feeling inevitably gives rise to an internal conflict of personality, and therefore provides fertile ground for the work of writers - artists of human souls.

List of literature in the direction of “Reason and Feeling”

A.I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet”

L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"

A.N. Ostrovsky "Thunderstorm"

A.M. Gorky "At the Bottom"

A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit"

F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment"

I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"

A.S. Pushkin "The Captain's Daughter"

Guy de Maupassant "The Necklace"

N.V. Gogol "Taras Bulba"

N.M. Karamzin "Poor Liza"

A.S. Pushkin "Eugene Onegin"

MATERIALS for literary arguments.

( Introduction )

What is love? Each person will answer this question differently. For me, love is the desire to always be there, despite quarrels, problems, grievances and misunderstandings, the desire to find a compromise, the ability to forgive and support in a difficult situation. Great happiness if love is mutual. But there are situations in life when an unrequited feeling arises. Unrequited love brings great suffering to a person. But the worst thing is when an unrequited feeling becomes beyond the control of reason and leads to an irreparable tragedy.(69 words)

(Argument)

Love is an eternal theme of world fiction. Many authors describe this great feeling in their works. And I would like to remember Kuprin’s wonderful story “The Garnet Bracelet”. On the first pages of the work, the life of the Shein family is revealed to us. There is no longer love in the married couple, and Vera Nikolaevna is disappointed in her marriage. She feels despondent in her soul. We can only guess that she, like any woman, wants attention, affection, care. Unfortunately, the main character does not understand that all this is very close. A minor official, Georgy Zheltkov, has been in love with Vera Nikolaevna for eight years with an unusually strong and sincere love. He fell in love with her at first sight and was happy because God rewarded him with this feeling. But the main character did not pay attention to the man of humble origin. Vera Nikolaevna is getting married and asks Zheltkov not to write to her anymore. We can only guess what difficulties this brought to our hero and marvel at his fortitude. Georgy did not have the opportunity to be close to Vera, to be loved by her, but he is happy because she simply exists, because Vera lives in this world. Zheltkov gives Vera Nikolaevna a garnet bracelet for her birthday. He does not expect Mrs. Sheina to carry the gift. But George is warmed by the thought that his beloved will simply touch this decoration. For Vera, this bracelet evokes a feeling of anxiety; the shimmer of the stones reminds her of drops of blood. Thus, the author makes it clear to us that a reciprocal feeling for Zheltkov begins to arise in the main character. She worries about him, feels trouble is approaching. Vera raises the topic of love in a conversation with a friend of her parents, whom she considers a grandfather, and she begins to understand that Zheltkov’s love is that very real and rare sincere love. But Vera’s brother, Nikolai Nikolaevich, outraged by George’s gift, intervenes and decides to talk to Zheltkov. The main character of the work understands that he cannot escape his love. Neither leaving nor prison will help him. But he feels that he is interfering with his beloved, Georgy idolizes Vera, he is ready to do everything for her well-being, but he cannot overcome his feelings, and Zheltkov decides to commit suicide. This is how strong unrequited love led to tragedy. And Vera, unfortunately, realized too late that a very rare and sincere love had passed her by. No one and nothing can correct the situation if the person is gone.(362 words)

(Conclusion)

Love is a great feeling, but it is very scary when it leads to tragedy. No matter how strong your feelings are, you cannot lose your mind. Life is the best thing that is given to a person. The same can be said about love. And no matter what trials come our way, we must keep our feelings and mind in harmony.(51 words)

A. I. Kuprin story “Garnet Bracelet” “Reason and Feeling”

(Argument 132)

The hero of Kuprin's story “The Garnet Bracelet,” Georgy Zheltkov, could not cope with his feelings. This man, having seen Vera Nikolaevna once, fell in love with her for the rest of his life. George did not expect reciprocity from the married princess. He understood everything, but he couldn’t help himself. Faith was the small meaning of Zheltkov’s life, and he believed that God rewarded him with such love. The hero showed his feelings only in letters, without showing himself to the princess. On the day of the Angel of Faith, a fan gave his beloved a garnet bracelet and attached a note in which he asked for forgiveness for the trouble he had once caused. When the princess’s husband, together with her brother, found Zheltkov, he admitted the indecency of his behavior and explained that he sincerely loved Vera and this feeling could only be extinguished by death. Finally, the hero asked Vera’s husband for permission to write her a last letter, and after the conversation he said goodbye to life.

A. I. Kuprin story “Garnet Bracelet” Love or madness? "Reason and Feeling"

(Introduction 72) Love is one of the warmest feelings a person can experience. It can fill the heart with joy, inspire and give vitality to a lover. But, unfortunately, this feeling does not always make a person happy. The lack of reciprocity breaks people's hearts, dooms them to suffering, and then a person can lose his mind, turning the object of adoration into some kind of deity that he is ready to worship forever. We often hear that lovers are called crazy. But where is this fine line between conscious feeling and addiction?

(Argument 160) The work of A. I. Kuprin “Garnet Bracelet” makes readers think about this question. The main character pursued his beloved for many years, and then committed suicide. What pushed him to these actions: love or madness? I believe that it was still a conscious feeling. Zheltkov fell in love with Vera. Having seen her only once. Being a minor official, he was aware of the social inequality with his beloved, and therefore did not even try to win her favor. It was enough for him to admire the princess from the outside without intruding into her life. Zheltkov shared his feelings with Vera in letters. The hero wrote to his beloved even after her marriage, although he admitted the indecency of his behavior. The princess's husband treated Grigory Stepanovich with understanding. Shein told his wife that Zheltkov loved her and was not crazy at all. Of course, the hero showed weakness by deciding to commit suicide, but he came to this consciously, concluding that only death could end his love. He knew that without Vera he could not be happy and, at the same time, he did not want to disturb her.

(Argument 184) N In the pages of world fiction, the problem of the influence of feelings and reason is raised very often. So, for example, in the epic novel by Leo Nikolayevich Tolstoy “War and Peace” two types of heroes appear: on the one hand, the impetuous Natasha Rostova, the sensitive Pierre Bezukhov, the fearless Nikolai Rostov, on the other, the arrogant and calculating Helen Kuragina and her callous brother Anatol. Many conflicts in the novel occur precisely because of the excess feelings of the characters, the ups and downs of which are very interesting to watch. A striking example of how a rush of feelings, thoughtlessness, ardor of character, impatient youth influenced the fate of the heroes is the case of Natasha, because for her, funny and young, it was an incredibly long time to wait for her wedding with Andrei Bolkonsky, could she subdue her unexpectedly flared up feelings? feelings for Anatole the voice of reason? Here a real drama of the mind and feelings in the soul of the heroine unfolds before us; she faces a difficult choice: leave her fiancé and leave with Anatole or not give in to a momentary impulse and wait for Andrei. It was in favor of feelings that this difficult choice was made; only an accident prevented Natasha. We cannot blame the girl, knowing her impatient character and thirst for love. It was Natasha’s impulse that was dictated by her feelings, after which she regretted her action when she analyzed it.

L. N. Tolstoy novel “War and Peace” “Reason and Feeling”

(Argument 93) The main character of the novel - L.N. Tolstoy's epic "War and Peace", young Natasha Rostova, needed love. Being separated from her fiancé, Andrei Bolkonsky, the naive girl, in search of this feeling, trusted the insidious Anatoly Kuragin, who did not even think of connecting his life with Natasha. An attempt to escape with a person of ill repute is a risky act that Natasha Rostova decided to do, relying primarily on feelings. The sad outcome of this adventure is known to everyone: the engagement of Natasha and Andrei is broken, the former lovers suffer, the reputation of the Rostov family is shaken. If Natasha had thought about the possible consequences, she would not have found herself in this position.

L. N. Tolstoy novel “War and Peace” “Reason and Feeling”

(Argument 407) In the epic novel L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" categories of reason and feeling are brought to the fore. They are expressed in two main characters: Andrei Bolkonsky and Natasha Rostova. A girl lives by feelings, a man lives by reason. Andrei is driven by patriotism, he feels responsible for the fate of the Fatherland, for the fate of the Russian army, and considers it necessary to be where it is especially difficult, where the fate of what is dear to him is being decided. Bolkonsky begins his military service from the lower ranks among the adjutants at Kutuzov’s headquarters; Andrei is not looking for an easy career or awards. In Natasha's life everything is based on feelings. The girl has a very easy character, Natasha enjoys life. She illuminates and warms her loved ones like the sun. When we meet Andrey, we see in him a restless person, dissatisfied with his real life. The birth of a child and at the same time the death of his wife, before whom he felt guilty, in my opinion, aggravated, so to speak, Bolkonsky’s spiritual crisis. Natasha became the reason for Bolkonsky's spiritual revival. Love for the cheerful, poetic Natasha gives birth in Andrey’s soul to dreams of family happiness. Natasha became a second, new life for him. She had something that the prince did not have, and she harmoniously complemented him. Next to Natasha, Andrei felt revived and rejuvenated. All her living emotions gave him strength and inspired him to new things and events. After Natasha’s confession, Andrei’s ardor subsides. Now he feels responsible for Natasha. Andrei proposes to Natasha, but at the request of his father, he postpones the wedding for a year. Natasha and Andrey are very different people. She is young, inexperienced, trusting and spontaneous. He already has a whole life behind him, the death of his wife, his son, the trials of difficult wartime, a meeting with death. Therefore, Andrei cannot fully understand what Natasha feels, that waiting is very painful for her, she cannot restrain her feelings, her desire to love and be loved. This led to Natasha cheating on Andrey and they break up. Bolkonsky goes to war and is mortally wounded. Experiencing severe suffering, realizing that he is dying, before the threshold of death he experiences a feeling of universal love and forgiveness. At this tragic moment, another meeting of Prince Andrei and Natasha takes place. War and suffering made Natasha an adult, now she understands how cruelly she treated Bolkonsky, betrayed such a wonderful person because of her childhood passion. Natasha is on her knees asking the prince for forgiveness. And he forgives her, he loves her again. He already loves with an unearthly love, and this love brightens up his last days in this world. Only at this moment Andrei and Natasha were able to understand each other and acquired what they had been missing. But it was already too late.

(Argument 174) Talking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the play “The Thunderstorm”. In this work, A. N. Ostrovsky was able to convey with all the vividness of emotions the emotional torment of the main character. In the 19th century, a huge number of marriages were not for love; parents tried to marry someone who was richer. The girls were forced to live with an unloved person all their lives. Katerina found herself in a similar situation, who was married to Tikhon Kabanov from a wealthy merchant family. Katya's husband was a pitiful sight. Irresponsible and childish, he was incapable of anything other than drunkenness. Tikhon’s mother, Marfa Kabanova, embodied the ideas of tyranny and hypocrisy inherent in the entire “dark kingdom,” so Katerina was constantly under pressure. The heroine strives for freedom; it was difficult for her in the conditions of slavish worship of false idols. The girl found solace in communicating with Boris. His care, affection and sincerity helped the unfortunate heroine forget about the oppression from Kabanikha. Katerina realized that she was doing wrong and could not live with it, but her feelings turned out to be stronger, and she cheated on her husband. Tormented by remorse, the heroine repented to her husband, after which she threw herself into the river.

A. N. Ostrovsky play “The Thunderstorm” “Reason and Feeling”

(Argument 246) Talking about real and sincere feelings, I would like to turn to the work of A. N. Ostrovsky “The Thunderstorm”. The play takes place in the fictional city of Kalinov on the banks of the Volga. The main characters of the play are Katerina and Kabanikha. In the nineteenth century, girls were not given in marriage for love; everyone wanted to give their daughter to a richer family. Katerina found herself in such a situation. She finds herself in the world of Kabanikha, where outdated patriarchal morality reigns. Katerina strives to free herself from the shackles of coercion and admiration. She is attracted by dreams, spirituality, and sincerity.Katerina’s character is a place of collision between fear of God and sinful, illegal passions. With her mind, the main character understands that she is a “husband’s wife,” but Katerina’s soul requires love. main characterfalls in love with another man, although he tries to resist it.The heroine is given a tantalizing opportunity to commit this sin by meeting her lover, to go beyond what is permitted, but only on the condition that outsiders do not find out about it. Katerina takes the key to the gate at the Kabanov estate, which Varvara gives her, she accepts her sin, she takes up protest, but dooms herself to death from the very beginning.For Katerina, the commandments of the church and the patriarchal world are of the greatest importance. She wants to be pure and flawless. After her fall, Katerina was unable to hide her guilt in front of her husband and people. She realizes the sin she committed and at the same time wants to know the happiness of true love. She does not see forgiveness for herself and the end of the torments of her conscience; she considers her soul ruined. Feelings overcame Katerina’s reason, she cheated on her husband, but the main character could not live with this, so she decided to commit an even more terrible sin from a religious point of view - suicide.

(Argument232) The plot of the play was the life of the inhabitants of the shelter, people who have nothing: no money, no status, no social status, no simple bread. They don't see the meaning of their existence. But even in seemingly unbearable conditionstopics such as the question of truth and lies are raised . Reflecting on thistopic , the author compares the central characters of the play. Satin and the wanderer Luke are heroes - antipodes. When Elder Luke appears at the shelter, he tries to inspire each of the residents. With all the sincerity of his feelings, he tries to inspire the unfortunate, not to let them wither away. According to Luke, they could not be helped by telling the truth that nothing would change in their lives. So he lied to them, thinking that this would bring salvation for them. It will change their attitude to what is happening and instill hope in them. The hero wanted with all his heart to help the unfortunate, to instill hope in them. The hero wanted with all his heart to help the unfortunate, to make their lives at least a little brighter. He didn’t think about the fact that sweet lies can be worse than the bitter truth. Satin was harsh. He relied only on his thoughts and looked at the situation soberly. “Luke’s fairy tales made him angry, because he is a realist and is not used to “fictional happiness.” This hero called people not to blind hope, but to fight for their rights. Gorky posed the question to his readers: which of them is more right? I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it is not for nothing that the author leaves it open. Everyone must decide for themselves.

M. Gorky play “At the Bottom” “Reason and Feeling”

(Introduction 62) What is better - truth or compassion? It is impossible to answer this question unequivocally. If the question asked what is better - truth or lie, my answer would be unequivocal. But the concepts of truth and compassion cannot be opposed to each other. You need to look for a fine line between them. There are situations when telling the bitter truth is the only right decision. But sometimes people need a sweet lie, compassion for support, to lift their spirits.

(Argument 266) Fiction convinces me of the correctness of this point of view. Let us turn to M. Gorky’s play “At the Bottom”. The action takes place in the Kostylevs' rooming house, in which completely different people have gathered. Their difficult fate brought them together. And then Elder Luke appears in the lives of people who have lost everything. He tells them what a wonderful life awaits them, how everything will change if they just want it. The inhabitants of this shelter no longer hope to get back into the people. They have come to terms with the fact that their lives are doomed; they will not get out of poverty. But Luka is a kind person by nature, he takes pity on them and instills hope. His consoling speeches affected each person differently. The two most striking examples are Anna and Actor. Anna was seriously ill and was dying. Luka calms her down and says that only good things await her in the afterlife. The elder became the last relative in her life, she asked to sit next to her and talk to her. Luke helped Anna with his compassion, he made her last days of life easier, brought joy and hope into them. And Anna went to the next world with a calm soul. But compassion played a cruel joke with the Actor. Luka told him about a hospital where the body is rid of the effects of alcohol. The actor was very worried about the fact that his body was poisoned and was glad to hear Luke’s stories, which gave him hope for a better life. But when the Actor found out that such a hospital did not exist, he broke down. A man believed in a better future, and then found out that his hopes were doomed. The actor could not cope with such a blow of fate and committed suicide. A man is a friend to man. We must help each other, show sympathy, compassion, but we must not harm each other. A sweet lie can bring more trouble than the bitter truth.

(Argument 86) The hero opposite to Luke is Satin. The elder’s stories irritated him, because he is a realist. He is used to the harsh reality. Satin is very harsh, he thinks. That you should not hope blindly, but fight for your happiness. Did Satin somehow help his cohabitants with the truth? Did the shelter's inhabitants need another reminder that their lives were at rock bottom? I think not. Gorky posed a question to his readers: who is right, Luka or Satin? I think that it is impossible to give an exact answer to this question, because it is not for nothing that the author left it open in his work.

(Pin 70) Each person must choose his own path. But we must help each other. Telling the truth or showing compassion is everyone's choice. You need to act depending on the situation. The main thing is not to cause harm with your intervention. After all, not only our life, but also the life of our environment depends on us. With our words and actions we influence our loved ones and acquaintances, so in every situation we must think about what is better - truth or compassion?

(Argument205) The crowning achievement of the famous Russian writer A. S. Griboedov is the play “Woe from Wit.” It is in this work that the author touches on such important topics. Like the harm of rank and bureaucracy, the inhumanity of serfdom, issues of education and enlightenment, the honesty of serving the fatherland and duty, the identity, the nationality of Russian culture. The writer also exposes the vices of people, which to this day exist in each of us. Using the example of the central characters of the play, Griboedov makes us think: is it always worth acting according to the will of the heart, or is cold calculation still better? The personification of commercialism, sycophancy, and lies is Alexey Stepanovich Molchalin. This character is not at all harmless. With his obsequiousness, he successfully makes his way into high society. His “talents” - “moderation and accuracy” - provide him with a pass to “high society.” Molchalin is a staunch conservative, dependent on the opinions of others and pandering to “all people without exception.” It would seem that this is the right choice, a cold mind and tough calculation are better than the vague feelings of the heart, but the author ridicules Alexei Stepanovich, showing the reader the insignificance of his existence. Mired in the world of hypocrisy and lies, Molchalin lost all his bright and sincere feelings, which led to the complete collapse of his sinister plans. Therefore, we can say with confidence that the great Russian writer wanted to convey to the hearts of readers that the most important thing is to remain yourself, act according to your conscience and listen to your heart.

A. S. Griboyedov play “Woe from Wit” “Reason and Feeling”

(Argument345) Let us turn to A. S. Griboyedov’s play “Woe from Wit.” Young Alexander Andreevich Chatsky, brilliant with intelligence and wit, arrives at the mansion of the Moscow landowner-nobleman Famusov. His heart burns with love for Sofya Famusova, it is for her sake that he returns to Moscow. In the not-too-distant past, Chatsky managed to recognize Sophia as an intelligent, extraordinary, determined girl and fell in love with her for these qualities. When he, matured and wiser, returns to his homeland, we understand that his feelings have not cooled. He is happy to see Sophia, who has gotten better during the separation, and is sincerely happy to meet. When the hero finds out that Sophia’s chosen one is Molchalin, her father’s secretary, he is unable to believe it. The hero sees perfectly well what Molchalin really is like; he does not love Sophia. Molchalin wants to move up the career ladder using a girl. For this reason, he does not disdain either hypocrisy or meanness. Chatsky’s mind refuses to believe in Sophia’s love for Molchalin, because he remembers her as a teenager, when love broke out between them, he thinks that over the years Sophia could not change. Chatsky cannot understand that in the three years while he was gone, Famus society left its ugly mark on the girl. Sophia really went through a good school in her father’s house, she learned to pretend, lie, dodge, but she does this not out of selfish interests, but trying to protect her love. We see that Sophia rejects Chatsky not only out of female pride, but also for the same reasons for which Famusov’s Moscow does not accept him: his independent and mocking mind frightens Sophia, he is from a different circle. Sophia is even ready to take treacherous revenge on an old close friend who loves her madly: she starts a rumor about Chatsky’s madness. The hero breaks not only the threads connecting him with Famus society, he breaks off his relationship with Sophia, offended and humiliated by her choice to the depths of his soul. Sophia blames herself for everything that happened. Her situation seems hopeless, since, having rejected Molchalin, having lost her devoted friend Chatsky and being left with an angry father, she is alone again. Sophia tried to live with her mind, perverted in the concept of Famus society, but she was never able to give up her feelings, this led to the heroine getting confused, Sophia missed her love, but not only the heroine suffered from this, Chatsky’s heart was broken.

N. V. Gogol's story "Taras Bulba"

After graduating from the Kyiv Academy, his two sons, Ostap and Andriy, come to the old Cossack colonel Taras Bulba. Two hefty ones

After a long journey, the Sich meets Taras and his sons with his wild life - a sign of the Zaporozhye will. Cossacks do not like to waste time on military exercises, collecting military experience only in the heat of battle. Ostap and Andriy rush with all the ardor of young men into this riotous sea. But old Taras does not like an idle life - this is not the kind of activity he wants to prepare his sons for. Having met all his comrades, he is still figuring out how to rouse the Cossacks on a campaign, so as not to waste the Cossack prowess on a continuous feast and drunken fun. He persuades the Cossacks to re-elect the Koschevoy, who keeps peace with the enemies of the Cossacks. The new Koshevoy, under the pressure of the most warlike Cossacks, and above all Taras, decides to go to Poland to celebrate all the evil and disgrace of faith and Cossack glory.

Andriy realized that he was betraying his father and followed his feelings. Feelings are stronger than reason

And soon the entire Polish southwest becomes the prey of fear, the rumor running ahead: “Cossacks! The Cossacks have appeared! In one month, the young Cossacks matured in battle, and old Taras loves to see that both of his sons are among the first. The Cossack army is trying to take the city of Dubna, where there is a lot of treasury and wealthy inhabitants, but they encounter desperate resistance from the garrison and residents. The Cossacks besiege the city and wait for famine to begin in it. Having nothing to do, the Cossacks devastate the surrounding area, burning defenseless villages and unharvested grain. The young, especially the sons of Taras, do not like this life. Old Bulba calms them down, promising hot fights soon. One dark night, Andria is awakened from sleep by a strange creature that looks like a ghost. This is a Tatar, a servant of the same Polish woman with whom Andriy is in love. The Tatar woman whispers that the lady is in the city, she saw Andriy from the city rampart and asks him to come to her or at least give a piece of bread for his dying mother. Andriy loads the bags with bread, as much as he can carry, and the Tatar woman leads him along the underground passage to the city. Having met his beloved, he renounces his father and brother, comrades and homeland: “The homeland is what our soul seeks, what is dearer to it than anything else. My homeland is you.” Andriy remains with the lady to protect her until his last breath from his former comrades.

An essay on the topic “What controls a person to a greater extent: reason or feelings?”

What controls a person more: reason or feelings? In order to answer this question, it is necessary to define its main components. Reason is a person’s ability to think logically: analyze, establish cause-and-effect relationships, find meaning, draw conclusions, formulate principles. And feelings are the emotional experiences of a person that arise in the process of his relationships with the outside world. Feelings are formed and developed during the development and upbringing of a person.

Many people think that they need to live only by reason, and they are right in some ways. Reason is given to man so that he thinks everything over and makes the right decisions. But man is also given feelings. They always fight with the mind, showing that they are the ones who should pay more attention to. Feelings are important for each of us: they help make our life more rich and interesting. Sometimes the heart tells us one thing, but the brain tells us completely the opposite. How to be? I would like them to live in peace and not argue with each other, but this is unattainable. The soul desires freedom, holiday, fun... And the mind tells us that we need to work, work, take care of everyday little things so that they do not accumulate into insoluble everyday problems. Two opposing forces each pull the reins of power, so in different situations we are governed by different motives.

Many writers and poets raised the topic of the struggle between mind and feelings. So, for example, in W. Shakespeare’s tragedy “Romeo and Juliet” the main characters belong to the Montague and Capulet clans at war with each other. Everything is against the feelings of young people, and the voice of reason advises everyone not to give in to the outbreak of love. But emotions turn out to be stronger, and even in death Romeo and Juliet did not want to part. We never know for sure what will happen if feelings take over reason, but Shakespeare showed us the tragic development of events. And we willingly believe him, because a similar plot has been repeated more than once both in world culture and in life. The heroes are just teenagers who probably fell in love for the first time. If they had tried to at least calm down and try to come to an agreement with their parents, I doubt that the Montagues or Capulets would have preferred the death of their children. They would most likely compromise. However, teenagers in this situation did not have enough wisdom and worldly experience to achieve their goal in other, reasonable ways. Sometimes feelings act as our inner intuition, but it also happens that this is just a momentary impulse that is better contained. I think Romeo and Juliet succumbed to the impulse inherent in their age, rather than intuitively forming an unbreakable bond. Love would push them to solve the problem rather than commit suicide. Such a sacrifice is only the dictates of capricious passion.

In the story “The Captain's Daughter” we also observe a clash between reason and feeling. Pyotr Grinev, having learned that his beloved Masha Mironova is being forcibly held by Shvabrin, who wants to force the girl to marry him, contrary to the voice of reason, turns to Pugachev for help. The hero knows that this could threaten him with death, because communication with a state criminal was severely punished, but he does not give up on his plans and ultimately saves his own life and honor, and later receives Masha as his legal wife. This example is an illustration of the fact that the voice of feeling is necessary for a person to make a final decision. He helped save the girl from unjust oppression. If the young man had only thought and wondered, he would not have been able to love to the point of self-sacrifice. But Grinev did not neglect his mind: he made a mental plan on how to help his beloved as effectively as possible. He did not sign up as a traitor, but took advantage of Pugachev’s disposition, who appreciated the courageous and strong character of the officer.

Thus, I can conclude that both the mind and feelings must be strong in a person. You cannot give preference to extremes; you must always find a compromise solution. What choice to make in a given situation: obey your feelings or listen to the voice of reason? How to avoid internal conflict between these two “elements”? Everyone must answer these questions for themselves. And a person also makes a choice independently, a choice on which sometimes not only the future, but also life itself can depend.

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The explanatory dictionary gives two main meanings of the word “mind”. Firstly, the mind is the highest level of human cognitive activity, the ability to think and generalize the results of knowledge. As Immanuel Kant, a representative of the school of German classical philosophy, wrote, “all our knowledge begins with the senses, then passes to the understanding and ends in the mind.”

The second meaning of the word “mind” is mind, intellect. Antonyms for the word reason in its second meaning are, according to dictionaries: madness, stupidity, instinct, heart, feeling. To act wisely means to show sufficient prudence, to be guided by the requirements of common sense, judiciously, intelligently, intelligently.

In works of fiction, as in everyday life, the human mind often comes into conflict with feelings. Heroes of the novel in verse "Eugene Onegin" and the story "The Captain's Daughter" by A.S. Pushkin make their choice: to act as they should, or to succumb to feeling, the dictates of the heart, instinct. Three types of behavior can be distinguished: 1) under the influence of feelings, neglecting common sense; 2) guided by reason, but in conflict with feelings; 3) rationally and consciously, in accordance with feelings and emotions.

Actions under the influence of prevailing emotions do not always deserve condemnation. On the contrary, we admire the depth of feeling, purity and frankness of the hero of the work. As a rule, in these cases we are talking about love or falling in love. The best example is Tatyana Larina’s letter to Eugene Onegin, written despite the fact that she was scared and ashamed to be the first to confess her love. Without hope of meeting again alone, Tatyana felt that Evgeny had been sent to her by fate; she was waiting for him without even meeting him.

My mind is exhausted

And I must die in silence.

I'm waiting for you: with one glance

Revive the hope of your heart,

Or break the heavy dream,

Alas, a well-deserved reproach!

Where there is love, there is jealousy, and where there is jealousy, there are duels. No reasonable argument can justify killing a person out of jealousy. At the hands of Eugene Onegin, his friend, the young poet in love, Vladimir Lensky, dies. Reasonably, the tragedy could have been prevented.

… Eugene,

Loving the young man with all my heart,

Had to prove myself

Not a ball of prejudice,

Not an ardent boy, a fighter,

But a husband with honor and intelligence.

Before the duel began, Lensky was convinced that his bride Olga Larina was not at all carried away by Onegin and always remained faithful to Vladimir. What made the former friends carry out their cruel intentions? Fear of people's rumors, the opinion of the world, ideas about honor.

But the whispers, the laughter of fools...

And here is public opinion!

Spring of honor, our idol!

And this is what the world revolves on!

The night before the fight, Lensky was busy reading Schiller, composing and reading romantic poems aloud, imagining how Olga would grieve for him, that is, he plunged into dreams and emotions, instead of, having become convinced of Olga’s innocence, making peace with Evgeniy.

Even more dangerous than jealousy is the feeling of fear, which leads to betrayal. The character in the story “The Captain's Daughter” Shvabrin violated his military oath during the siege of the fortress and began to serve Emelyan Pugachev to save his life, although the ideas of the rebel Pugachevites were alien to him. Shvabrin's low act was dictated not by the dictates of his heart, not by madness or stupidity, but by the instinct of survival.

Heroes of works of art evoke respect and sympathy who, in the name of duty, guided by moral standards, act according to their conscience, even if this requires overcoming their passions. And again we turn to Tatyana Larina, but an already matured married woman. First, she reproaches Eugene Onegin for the fact that he once rejected the “humble girl’s love”, and now, on a strange whim, he became infatuated with her.

How about your heart and mind

To be a petty slave to feelings?

Then, not knowing how to be a hypocrite, Tatyana admits that she does not appreciate her new position in the world, “all this rags of a masquerade” and still loves Evgeniy, but intends to remain faithful to her husband, take care of her honor, even while remaining forever unhappy.

I love you (why lie?),

But I was given to another;

I will be faithful to him forever.

Only those heroes of works who consciously act in accordance with their feelings are truly happy. They are not tormented by internal contradictions. They don't have to regret their actions. In fiction, they are always examples of courage, heroism, loyalty, dedication, and a strong personality.

Masha's parents accept their fate with honor in The Captain's Daughter. For commandant Ivan Kuzmich and his wife Vasilisa Yegorovna there is no other sovereign, and they did not swear allegiance and obey the impostor.

Masha, a worthy daughter of her parents, went to Tsarskoe Selo to ask the empress for her fiancé Grinev, accused of high treason. The story ends with the words that the descendants of Masha and Pyotr Grinev kept as a family heirloom, framed under glass, a handwritten letter from Catherine II containing Grinev’s justification and “praise for the mind and heart of Captain Mironov’s daughter.”

A.S. Pushkin created immortal images that are close and understandable to every person. Literature teaches us to be better, educates us morally. Pondering the fate of the heroes, the reader imagines how he would act in a given situation, what he would be guided by, reason or feelings. When there is a contradiction, making a choice is very difficult. And yet you need to try to let reason prevail. And if reasonable actions are supported by the appropriate inner attitude, the results can exceed expectations.

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Final essay is an exam format that allows you to assess several aspects of a student’s knowledge at once. Among them: vocabulary, knowledge of literature, the ability to express one’s point of view in writing. In short, this format makes it possible to assess the student’s overall proficiency in both language and subject knowledge.

1. 3 hours 55 minutes are allotted for the final essay, the recommended length is 350 words.
2. Date of the final essay 2016-2017. In the 2015-2016 academic year, it was held on December 2, 2015, February 3, 2016, and May 4, 2016. In 2016-2017 - December 7, February 1, May 17.
3. The final essay (presentation) is held on the first Wednesday of December, the first Wednesday of February and the first working Wednesday of May.

The purpose of the essay is a reasoning, a competently and clearly constructed point of view of the student using examples from the literature within the framework of a given topic. It is important to note that the topics do not indicate a specific work for analysis; it is of a supra-subject nature.

Topics for the final essay on literature 2016-2017

Topics are formed from two lists: open and closed. The first is known in advance, reflects approximate general themes, they are formulated as concepts that contradict each other.
A closed list of topics is announced 15 minutes before the start of the essay - these are more specific topics.
Open list of topics for the final essay 2016-2017:
1. “Reason and Feeling”,
2. “Honor and dishonor”,
3. “Victory and defeat”,
4. “Experience and mistakes”,
5. “Friendship and enmity”.
The topics are presented in a problematic manner, the names of the topics are antonyms.

An approximate list of references for all those who will write the final essay (2016-2017):
1. A.M. Gorky "Old Woman Izergil"
2. A.P. Chekhov "Ionych"
3. A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter”, “Eugene Onegin”, “The Station Agent”
4. B.L. Vasiliev “Not on the lists”
5. V.A. Kaverin "Two Captains"
6. V.V. Bykov "Sotnikov"
7. V.P. Astafiev "Tsar Fish"
8. Henry Marsh “Do No Harm”
9. Daniel Defoe “Robinson Crusoe”,

10. Jack London “White Fang”,
11. Jack London "Martin Eden",
12. I.A. Bunin "Clean Monday"
13. I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons"
14. L.N. Tolstoy "War and Peace"
15. M.A. Sholokhov "Quiet Don"
16. M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time"
17. F.M. Dostoevsky "Crime and Punishment", "Idiot"
18. E. Hemingway “The Old Man and the Sea”,
19. E.M. Remarque "All Quiet on the Western Front"
20. E.M. Remarque "Three Comrades".

Argumenyou are on the topic "Reason and Feeling"

The point of view must be well-reasoned; in order to formulate it correctly, literary material relevant to the topic should be used. The argument is the main component of the essay and is one of the evaluation criteria. The following requirements apply to it:
1. Match the theme
2. Include literary material
3. Be included in the text logically, in accordance with the overall composition
4. Be presented through quality writing.
5. Be properly designed.
For the topic “Reason and Feeling,” you can take arguments from the works of I.S. Turgenev "Fathers and Sons", A.S. Griboyedov "Woe from Wit", N.M. Karamzin “Poor Liza”, Jane Austen “Sense and Sensibility”.

Examples of final essays

There are a number of final essay templates. They are assessed according to five criteria, here is an example of an essay that received the highest score:
An example of an essay on the topic: “Should reason prevail over feelings?”
What to listen to, reason or feelings - this is the question every person asks. It is especially acute when the mind dictates one thing, but feelings contradict it. What is the voice of reason, when one should listen more to its advice, a person decides for himself, and the same with feelings. Without a doubt, the choice of one or the other depends on the specific situation. For example, even a child knows that in a stressful situation one should not give in to panic, it is better to listen to reason. It is important not only to listen to both reason and feelings, but also to truly learn to distinguish between situations when it is necessary to listen to the first or the second to a greater extent.

Since the question has always been relevant, it has found wide circulation in both Russian and foreign literature. Jane Austen, in her novel Sense and Sensibility, reflected this eternal contradiction through the example of two sisters. Elinor, the eldest of the sisters, is distinguished by her prudence, but is not devoid of feelings, she simply knows how to manage them. Mariana is in no way inferior to her older sister, but prudence is not inherent in her in any way. The author showed how their characters were affected in the test of love. In the case of her older sister, her prudence almost played a cruel joke on her; thanks to her reserved nature, she did not immediately let her lover know how she felt. Mariana became a victim of feelings, so she was deceived by a young man who took advantage of her gullibility and married a wealthy lady. As a result, the older sister was ready to come to terms with loneliness, but the man of her heart, Edward Ferras, makes a choice in her favor, refusing not only the inheritance, but also his word: an engagement to an unloved woman. Marianne, after a serious illness and suffering deception, grows up and agrees to be engaged to a 37-year-old captain, for whom she does not have romantic feelings, but deeply respects her.

The heroes in A.P.’s story make a similar choice. Chekhov "About Love". However, Alyohin and Anna Luganovich, succumbing to the call of reason, give up their happiness, which makes their action correct in the eyes of society, but deep down in their souls, both heroes are unhappy.

So what is reason: logic, common sense, or just boring reason? Can feelings interfere with a person’s life or, conversely, provide an invaluable service? There is no clear answer to this debate: who to listen to: reason or feeling. Both are equally important for a person, so you just need to learn how to use them correctly.

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