Love couples in war and peace. Essay on the theme of love in Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace”
He is a person who lives and thinks outside the box. He is constantly looking for answers to the main questions - about the purpose of each individual, the meaning of existence, the search for life values.
Love for Andrei Bolkonsky at every stage of his journey was either disappointment or salvation. At the age of twenty, an irresistible attraction, a burning passion for the outwardly beautiful Lisa, flared up in him for the first time. He mistook young love for real, genuine and strong love, immediately tying the knot with the girl who charmed him.
However, after some time, a sad epiphany came. The pink veil left his eyes, revealing a terrible reality. Under the mask of beauty was hiding an empty and stupid creature. The truth turned out to be so unbearable that Andrei began to be burdened by his wife, to despise her complete lack of mind and soul. He dreamed of returning everything back, but, alas, there was no turning back. This caused the young man agony and severe pain.
Then Bolkonsky went to the battlefields, wanting to gain fame and honor. But here too he was unsuccessful - he was seriously wounded. This event became another turning point in fate. Andrei realized that his aspirations were false, that he needed to live for his family and himself. He forgot about false heroes, stopped seeing happiness in exploits.
At home, the changed prince did not have time to realize his new views and bright dreams. His wife died in childbirth. Even though he didn’t have any special affection for her, the woman’s death became a serious test. He realized that he was infinitely guilty before his wife, that he had no right to forget about the duties of a husband. Although Lisa was not very smart, she was very sweet and kind.
Another love, Natasha Rostova, was able to heal Bolkonsky’s emotional wound. Her positivity, her ability to always be happy, to enjoy simple things, drowned out the man’s worries and torments and inspired him. After meeting Natasha, a new round began in Andrei’s life, full of hopes and bright aspirations.
However, a year later, the prince became disillusioned with Rostova, because she frivolously became interested in another person. Although the girl was dear to him, Bolkonsky could not overcome his pride and arrogance, feeling too perfect to forgive. He returns again to the Patriotic War.
Then came the second wound. And it again forced Andrei to rethink reality. Love for everyone around him was born in him. He no longer felt resentment or hatred towards people. He even began to sympathize with his sworn enemy, Anatoly, with whom Natasha cheated on him. Alas, it was precisely at this happy moment, when the man had just come to realize the true ideals of life, that the end was inevitably approaching Bolkonsky. The wound was fatal.
It is noteworthy that in the last minutes of the prince Rostova was again next to him. The girl has also changed a lot. Andrei was glad to meet them, albeit under such sorrowful circumstances. He did not complain about fate, did not regret the grief that had happened, but felt unspeakable happiness from seeing his beloved and talking to her.
The life and death of Prince Bolkonsky did not pass without a trace. They affected the people he knew. Many remembered him warmly, and these thoughts encouraged them to think philosophically, to the desire to do good and justice on earth.
"Love and be loved
Happy just like us
In love, obstacles can be overcome
All dreams come true."
Amirova A.
What is love? I think there is no person who would not be interested in this question. Love, on the one hand, is an elementary concept, but at the same time mysterious, somehow incomprehensible. Only love makes a person happy or unhappy. She is the one who can support you in difficult times or throw you unexpectedly. Some say: “Well, what is love? It's nothing. Just think you’ve fallen in love, you’ll soon forget...” But this is a mistaken opinion, yes, I agree that falling in love can pass, but not love! After all, falling in love and love are different feelings. Falling in love is like a match, and love is like a candle. The first flares up brightly, often burns, but quickly burns out, the second burns for a long time with a clear, clean flame. Let's look at this with an example. Take for example Tolstoy's novel War and Peace.
In this work, the author very clearly divides love into several types. For example, let's take love in the Rostov family. The Countess loves her children with maternal love. Little Natasha's friendship with Boris is a childhood passion, a need to love, curiosity. Maria Bolkonskaya sacrifices herself for the sake of love for her father and because of this, at the beginning of the novel she does not marry. Natalya's love for Anatoly Kuragin turned out to be simple love, self-hypnosis. Berg marries Vera for convenience in order to receive a dowry in the form of money and make new connections. Boris also marries Julie, because she, in turn, was rich, although not even beautiful. I consider the feelings between Andrei and Natasha to be the brightest and most sincere love in this novel. After all, even after the “betrayal” they were able to forgive each other, because they were truly in love, but unfortunately it was too late to change anything. Andrei was wounded and she could only hope and care for her beloved. This is one of the principles of love:
Caring - “If he feels unwell, the first duty is to support him under any circumstances.” She herself was weak after the incident, but that did not stop her. She! It was Natasha who looked after Andrei, despite the fact that her parents tried to hide the news from her that Andrei was among the wounded soldiers. I hope that Natalya Rostova will serve the readers as an example of a sincerely loving girl, but I would also like to note that you should not rush headlong into the pool, because it could end badly. This is exactly what happened to the heroine of the novel in her relationship with Kuragin. And also to know that there are such nasty, heartless people like Helen. In love, the main thing for me is to be happy and give happiness to others, and not the thickness of my wallet or a profitable list of acquaintances. After all, judge for yourself, in our time you can find many people for whom it is not the inner world of a person, not his good qualities, that is important, but his appearance, condition and benefits.
Tolstoy showed love from different sides
Acquaintance, trials, betrayal, meeting again
This is the fate of my two favorite heroes
Andrey and Natasha. Now I'll tell you about them
Natalya Rostova is a Russian soul for us
She was good at both singing and dancing
Andrei Bolkonsky strived for fame
This sometimes happens to us too
But their love was mutual, pure
After all, the attempt to escape was not without reason
Natasha was egged on by Helen.
And she herself was captured by her feelings
And out of stupidity, that she was passionate about Kuragin
Andrei Rostova was not forgiven
But then they met at a tragic moment
And Bolkonsky was hurt by Natasha’s tears
He forgave her and reminded her of love,
But, unfortunately, they did not stay together.
Tolstoy also told us about love of convenience
And even now there is no account of this love.
Boris's mother was prone to money
This should serve us as a good lesson
After all, money is not the most important thing on earth
So, at least it seems to me
Please don't ever do this
And don’t leave a person to the mercy of fate.
Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy in his famous novel “War and Peace” singled out “folk thought” as the main idea. This theme is most comprehensively and vividly reflected in the passages from the work that describe the war. As for the “peace,” the “family thought” predominates in its depiction. She also plays a very important role in the work that interests us. The theme of love in the novel "War and Peace" largely helps the author to reveal this idea.
Love in the life of the characters in the novel
Almost all the characters in the work are tested by love. Not all of them come to moral beauty, mutual understanding and true feeling. Moreover, this does not happen immediately. The heroes have to go through mistakes and suffering, which redeems them, cleanses and develops their souls.
The life of Andrei Bolkonsky with Lisa
The theme of love in the novel "War and Peace" is revealed through the example of several heroes, one of which is Andrei Bolkonsky. His path to happiness was thorny. At the age of 20, being an inexperienced young man, blinded by external beauty, he decides to marry Lisa. But Andrei very quickly comes to a depressing and painful understanding that he made a cruel and unique mistake. In a conversation with his friend, Pierre Bezukhov, he utters words almost in despair that he should not get married before he has done everything he could. Andrei says that he would give a lot to not be bound by family ties now.
Bolkonsky and his wife did not bring peace and happiness. Moreover, he was burdened by her. Andrei did not love his wife. He rather despised her, treating her like a child from a stupid, empty world. Bolkonsky was oppressed by the feeling that his life was useless, that he had become an idiot and a court lackey.
Andrey's mental breakdown
This hero had ahead of him the death of Lisa, a spiritual crisis, melancholy, fatigue, disappointment, contempt for life. At that time, Bolkonsky resembled an oak tree, which stood like a contemptuous, angry and old freak between smiling birch trees. This tree did not want to submit to the charm of spring. However, suddenly a confusion of young hopes and thoughts arose in Andrei’s soul, unexpected for himself. As you probably guessed, the theme of love in the novel "War and Peace" is further developed. The hero leaves the estate transformed. Again there is an oak tree on the road in front of him, but now it is not ugly and old, but covered with greenery.
Bolkonsky's feelings for Natasha
The theme of love in the novel "War and Peace" is very important for the author. According to Tolstoy, this feeling is a miracle that revives us to a new life. to Natasha, a girl so unlike the absurd and empty women of the world, Bolkonsky did not immediately appear. It renewed his soul, turned it upside down with incredible force. Andrey has now become a completely different person. It was as if he had stepped into the light from a stuffy room. True, even his feelings for Natasha did not help Bolkonsky humble his pride. He never managed to forgive Natasha for her “betrayal”. Only after he received a mortal wound did he rethink his life. Bolkonsky, after a mental turning point, understood Natasha’s suffering, repentance and shame. He realized that he had been cruel in breaking off his relationship with her. The hero admitted that he loves her even more than before. However, nothing could keep Bolkonsky in this world, not even Natasha’s fiery feeling.
Pierre's love for Helen
The theme of love in Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" is also revealed through the example of Pierre. The fate of Pierre Bezukhov is somewhat similar to the fate of Andrei, his best friend. Like him, who was carried away by Lisa in his youth, Pierre, who had just returned from Paris, fell in love with Helen, who was doll-like beautiful. When exploring the theme of love and friendship in L. N. Tolstoy’s novel “War and Peace,” it should be noted that Pierre’s feelings for Helen were childishly enthusiastic. Andrey's example taught him nothing. Bezukhov had to convince himself from his own experience that external beauty is not always internal, spiritual.
Unhappy marriage
This hero felt that there were no barriers between him and Helen, that this girl was terribly close to him. Her beautiful marble body had power over Pierre. And although the hero understood that this was not good, he still succumbed to the feeling that this depraved woman inspired in him. As a result, Bezukhov became her husband. However, the marriage was not happy. A feeling of gloomy despondency, disappointment, contempt for life, for himself and for his wife gripped Pierre some time after living with Helen. Her mystery turned into stupidity, spiritual emptiness and depravity. This is worth mentioning if you are writing an essay. The theme of love in Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" is illuminated from a new perspective in the relationship between Pierre and Natasha. We will now talk about how these heroes finally found their happiness.
Pierre's new love
Bezukhov, having met Natasha, like Andrei, was struck by her naturalness and purity. In his soul, the feeling for this girl began to grow timidly even when Natasha and Bolkonsky fell in love with each other. Pierre was happy for them, but this joy was mixed with sadness. Bezukhov's kind heart, unlike Andrei, understood Natasha and forgave her for the incident with Anatoly Kuragin. Despite the fact that Pierre tried to despise her, he was able to see how exhausted she was. And then for the first time Bezukhov’s soul was filled with a feeling of pity. He understood Natasha, perhaps because her infatuation with Anatole resembled his own infatuation with Helen. The girl believed that Kuragin had inner beauty. In communicating with Anatole, she, like Pierre and Helen, felt that there was no barrier between them.
Renewal of the soul of Pierre Bezukhov
Bezukhov’s path of life’s quest continues after a disagreement with his wife. He becomes interested in Freemasonry, then participates in the war. Bezukhov has a half-childish idea of killing Napoleon. He sees Moscow burning. Next, he is destined for difficult moments of waiting for his death, and then captivity.
Pierre's soul, cleansed, renewed, having gone through suffering, retains its love for Natasha. Having met her again, he discovers that this girl has also changed a lot. Bezukhov did not recognize the old Natasha in her. Love awoke in the hearts of the heroes, and “long-forgotten happiness” suddenly returned to them. They were overcome, as Tolstoy put it, by “joyful madness.”
Finding Happiness
Life woke up in them along with love. The strength of feeling brought Natasha back to life after a long period of mental apathy, which was caused by the death of Prince Andrei. The girl thought that with his death her life was over. However, the love for her mother, which arose in her with renewed vigor, showed Natasha that love was still alive in her. The power of this feeling, which constituted the essence of Natasha, was capable of bringing to life the people whom this girl loved.
The fate of Princess Marya and Nikolai Rostov
The theme of love in Leo Tolstoy's novel "War and Peace" is also revealed through the example of the relationship between Princess Marya and Nikolai Rostov. The fates of these heroes were not easy. Ugly in appearance, meek, quiet princess had a beautiful soul. During her father's lifetime, she did not even hope to ever get married or raise children. Anatole Kuragin was the only one who wooed her, and even then only for the sake of a dowry. Of course, he could not understand the moral beauty and high spirituality of this heroine. Only Nikolai Rostov managed to do this.
Tolstoy, in the epilogue of his novel, speaks of the spiritual unity of people, which is the basis of nepotism. At the end of the work, a new family appeared, where seemingly different beginnings - the Bolkonskys and the Rostovs - were united. Reading Lev Nikolaevich’s novel is very interesting. The eternal themes in the novel “War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy make this work relevant today.
The theme of love in Russian literature has always occupied one of the leading places. At all times, great poets, writers, and essayists turned to her. Likewise, Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy, a titanic figure on the scale of world literature, does not stand aside. Almost all of his works touch on issues of love - love for the mother, for the Motherland, for a woman, for the land, for friends and family. In the epic novel “War and Peace,” inspired by “folk thought,” “family thought” is inextricably present. It is love that is the main driving force in the lives of the characters in the novel.
Throughout the entire novel, the author leads us along the “paths of the soul” of Natasha Rostova, Andrei Bolkonsky, Pierre Bezukhov, Marya Bolkonskaya, Nikolai Rostov and other key characters. He repeatedly emphasizes that internal beauty is important in a person, not external, and moral and spiritual values are higher than material ones. Perhaps Tolstoy idealized his heroes a little, but they all adhere to exactly this opinion.
Let us turn, for example, to the image of Natasha Rostova, who does not have such a spectacular appearance as the social beauty Helen Kuragina, but becomes surprisingly beautiful in moments of happiness. As for the heroine’s spiritual qualities, she does not hesitate to give all the carts to the wounded, without even thinking about her material losses. She carefully looks after her mother when she loses the desire to live after Petya's death. Natasha makes every effort to rescue the wounded Andrei, despite the differences between them. At the same time, the heroine does not forget to remain true to herself and never ceases to enjoy life. This is how the author sees the triumph of morality over the coldness and prudence of the world.
Marya Bolkonskaya is not particularly beautiful, only her large, radiant eyes are attractive. She sacrifices her personal life to care for her sick father and is ready to sacrifice more for the benefit of those around her, the wounded and the needy. At the end of the novel, Tolstoy rewards both heroines with strong families, since only in this he sees the meaning of true, complete happiness. Both Natasha and Marya marry men they love and love, becoming wonderful wives and mothers.
Against the backdrop of the heroes' love stories, the merciless Patriotic War of 1812 takes place. We see an inextricable connection between the lives of the main characters and the lives of the people. In the forefront of the war, Andrei Bolkonsky first appears, and then his best friend, Pierre Bezukhov. Bolkonsky is a seasoned man, with extensive life experience and great ambitions. If at the beginning of the novel we see how captivated he is by Napoleon, how he imagines the war as something heroic and sublime, then before his death he finds answers to all the questions that previously tormented him. He understands that the meaning of life is not in war, but in peace with oneself and others, in kindness and forgiveness.
Changes are also taking place in the views of Pierre Bezukhov. We can say that this is another not very handsome hero of Tolstoy, but there is so much goodness and nobility in him that we don’t even notice that he is fat and clumsy. His appearance in the salon of Madame, the organizer of social receptions and evenings, frightened the hostess, since his appearance did not express aristocracy. Only Prince Andrei loves and understands this hero. He knows that behind Pierre's timidity lies a remarkable mind and talent. Pierre, just like Natasha, knows how to dilute any social atmosphere with her naturalness. Over time, he only changes for the better and transforms as a person. If at first we see him captivated by the cold and calculating Helen, then during the war all his best qualities are revealed - physical strength, openness, kindness, lack of selfishness, the ability to sacrifice comfort for the good of the people, the ability to risk his life to save others.
With all this, the writer tries not to idealize his heroes. He fully reveals their small weaknesses and big mistakes. But the main thing in them invariably remains “kindness”. Even the “bad” war could not dislodge this trait, like love, from the main characters.
Oh. V. Lanskaya
CONCEPT "LOVE IN L.N. TOLSTOY'S NOVEL "WAR AND PEACE"
Based on the novel by L.N. Tolstoy’s “War and Peace”, the concept of “love” is analyzed, represented in the text by the oppositions “love is poverty”, “love is sacrifice”, “love is duty”, etc., various lexical-semantic, lexical-thematic, associative groups, key words: smile, look, confusion, sacrifice, word, etc., which reflect the peculiarities of the consciousness of the Russian person and define one of the fragments of the linguistic picture of the world.
Key words: concept, lexical-semantic groups, lexical-thematic groups,
associative groups, keyword.
Modern science of words is actively considering problems associated with the characterization of key concepts of Russian culture, among which the concept of “love”, one of the main ones in the Russian linguistic picture of the world, is of particular importance. This concept in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy's "War and Peace" reveals the essence of human existence, the mentality of the Russian person, defines the realities of reality, the relationships of various heroes, including Sonya and Nikolai Rostov. In this regard, the goal that we set in this article is the following: to determine the content of the concept “love”, to identify the features of its structure, as well as methods of speech-language embodiment.
The nomination love, which occupies a nuclear position in the concept, is used in the text in the meaning: “... the state of a lover, passion, heartfelt affection, inclination; lust, hunting, disposition for something” [Dal 2004-2006: II, 282].
From the point of view of “moral philosophy”, the nomination love is defined as “a complex phenomenon, the simple elements of which are: 1) pity, prevailing in parental love; 2) reverence (p1e1a8), predominant in filial love and the religious love that follows from it, and 3) the exclusively human feeling of shame, which, in combination with the first two elements - pity and reverence, form the human form of sexual or marital love" [Soloviev 1995: II , 57]. That is, the nomination love at the ontological level is perceived as awareness of oneself in the world as a being with a soul and mind. In the consciousness of a Russian person, the lexeme love implies, first of all, such meanings as
as “pity”, “respect”, “shame”, “feeling of attachment”, “attraction”, “passion”, etc.
The far periphery of the concept “love” is represented through the oppositions “love - poverty”, “love is duty”, “love is sacrifice”, etc., which, in turn, are verbalized by different lexical series, antonyms and synonyms, lexical-semantic and lexical -co-thematic groups.
One of the verbalizers of the concept “love” is the lexeme smile, which has different interpretations in dictionaries. As is known, according to I.I. Sreznevsky, a smile is a sign of spiritual joy [Sreznevsky 1958: III, 1201]. According to V.I. Dahl, “smile, smile. grin, grin, grin. There is a smile of merriment, a smile of tenderness, a smile of pity, sorrow, and wetness” [Dal 1995: IV, 490]. In the Dictionary of Modern Russian Literary Language, a smile is “a movement of the facial muscles (lips, eyes), showing a disposition to laugh (from joy, pleasure, contempt, etc.) [BAS 1948-1965: XVI, 560]. M. Vasmer believes that “the words lyibit, smile are most naturally explained as related to forehead, ancient Russian. lbъ “skull” with lengthening of the root vocalism ъ > ы;<...>The development of meaning was initially expressive in nature: “grin like a skull” > “smile” [Vasmer 2004: II, 539]. That is, according to dictionaries, the nomination smile, first of all, represents the meanings “joy”, “pity”, “sorrow”, as well as “mockery”.
In the text, the nomination smile acquires new meanings due to the fact that with a smile you can “express your attitude towards someone, something, respond to something” [BAS 1948-1965: XVI, 558]. Thus, when describing the reception of visitors on the name day of two Natalias, the nomination smile characterizes the relationship differently
Sonya and Nikolai, as well as Nikolai and Julie Karagina, is the key: Julie, Karagina’s daughter, turned to young Rostov: “What a pity that you weren’t at the Arkharovs’ on Thursday.” “I was bored without you,” she said, smiling tenderly at him [Tolstoy 1979-1981: IV, 55]. The adverb tenderly (in combination with the gerund smiling), formed from the adjective gentle in the sense of “affectionate, showing affection, love” [BAS 1948-1965: VII, 872], indicates Julie’s interest, desire to please the young man, to attract his attention. . Epithets with flirtatious, involuntary, feignedly smiling, feigned define the feelings that the characters experience at this moment. Nikolai's flirtatious smile is a desire to please Julie. Moreover, the word flirtatious is used in the text in the sense of “prone to coquetry, trying to please people of the other sex” [BAS 1948-1965: V, 1129]. At the same time, Nikolai’s smile is involuntary. Sonya's feigned smile, that is, an insincere smile, is an attempt to hide the jealousy that the heroine experienced. The nomination smile implies the meanings of “politeness” and “deception”, which are associated with ideas about the rules of decency that existed at the beginning of the 19th century. in high society. Hence, the use of syntagma in the text was considered decent to show participation in a general conversation with a smile, the verb to deceive, that is, to hide one’s true feelings.
The meaning of the concept “love”, revealed in the text through the oppositions “poor - rich”, “love is sacrifice”, “love is gratitude”, “love is duty”, is also recorded in the syntagmas I am ruining Nikolai’s career, I have no heart, I ungrateful, I would be glad to sacrifice everything, my mother will never allow him to marry me [Tolstoy 1979-1981: IV, 85-86].
In turn, these oppositions are associated with syntagma; you consider yourself bound by a word [Tolstoy 1979-1981: V, 12]. The word nomination has in this case the following interpretation: “5. Units only An obligation to do something; promise, assurance" [BAS 1948-1965: XIII, 1236]. Giving your word means agreeing to marriage.
There is something unnatural in Sonya's love; she has no confidence in Nikolai, in the future. She listens to what Vera, Natasha, and the Countess tell her. Perhaps the situation of the poor relative, the poor person who was reminded that he
taken into the house out of mercy (for example, Sonya’s conversation with Vera), formed the character of the heroine [Tolstoy 1979-1981: IV, 85-86]. Hence the desire to thank, to sacrifice oneself. Sonya’s tragedy is that she cannot be sincere, which for her, from L.N.’s point of view, Tolstoy, in love there is a choice between freedom and unfreedom and there is no understanding that “freedom cannot be given to a person by a person, that “every person can only free himself” [Tolstoy 2007: 503]. There is some kind of predetermination in her feeling. Hence the ambiguity in understanding the nominations used in the text. So, Natasha tells Nikolai about Sonya: She will love anyone, forever. I do not understand this. I will forget now [Tolstoy 1979-1981: V, 12]. For Natasha, I will forget - it means simply to love, to feel happy every minute. Sonya’s character clearly expresses the need to live in the past, to constantly evaluate what is happening. Hence the use of the adverb always, the syntagma I will love him always, the use of verbs of different types: I will love (non-type) and forget (owl-type) - with the help of which a completed and incomplete action is recorded, denoting love in the past, present and future and love in the past.: So she says that you forget all this... She said: I will always love him, and let him be free [Tolstoy 1979-1981: V, 12]. The nomination free implies the meaning of “insincere nobility,” as indicated by the adversative conjunction a with an adversative-concessive grammatical meaning, in which “the action of the second part contradicts the natural consequence of the action of the first part” [Kustova et al. 2007: 226].
There was only one moment in Sonya's life when she appeared in a completely different light. It's Christmas Eve. As you know, Christmas time is “a special time when the world around a person stands on the threshold of a new life, moves into a new state” [Nikitina 2006: 313]. The changes that have occurred in Sonya’s appearance are reflected in the text, primarily through nominations with the seme “portrait”. This is a Circassian, with a painted cork mustache and eyebrows; in his man's dress; with black eyebrows and a mustache, some completely new, sweet face [Tolstoy 1979-1981: V, 290-292]; brilliant eyes, a happy, enthusiastic smile making dimples on the cheeks from under a mustache [Tolstoy 1979-1981: V, 297]. At the same time, the key word Circassian, according to M. Vasmer, is
Apparently, it goes back to the Ossetian *sagka8 -eagle [Tolstoy 1979-1981: IV, 344]. The eagle, in turn, is perceived as a symbol of courage and spiritual vision [Sheinina 2003: 120]. The very changing of clothes during Christmas time reflects “the symbolism of earthly fertility and childbirth, the unity of life and death, the dying and the giving birth” [Kostyukhin 2004: 68].
Nikolai's feelings for Sonya change over time. The syntagma love of Sonya, when characterizing N. Rostov, acquires a negative connotation in the text and is associated with a feeling of fear, with the idea that he will have to part with a quiet and calm life in the regiment: He (Rostov - O.L.) felt that sooner or later we will have to again enter that whirlpool of life with disorders and adjustments in affairs, with the management’s accounts, quarrels, intrigues, with connections, with society, with Sonya’s love and promise to her [Tolstoy 1979-1981: V, 248]. The meaning of the syntagmas of the whirlpool of life and everyday confusion is revealed when using homogeneous members. In the same row are the nominations of disorder, improvement (of affairs), accounting (of managers), quarrels, intrigues, connections, society and love (Sonya), promise (her), which fix the space of the house as someone else's space. The memory of Sonya and the confusion forced Rostov at one point [Tolstoy 1979-1981: II] to even refuse a trip home, and only a letter in which it was reported that the entire estate would go under the hammer and everyone would go around the world [Tolstoy 1979-1981 : V, 248], changed his decision.
In the sentences Yes, I don’t love her, Yes, I don’t love her as much as I should, the verb love with a negative particle does not indicate a lack of feeling; in the syntagma I don’t love so much, negation does not actually record the absence of love, but the acquisition of a completely different feeling. The syntagma I don’t love so much means the absence of a spiritual principle, that higher, spiritual life [Tolstoy 1979-1981: VII, 32], which seemed so attractive to Nikolai Rostov. That is, I don’t love and I don’t love like that - these are textual antonyms that, at the level of the concept, its nuclear component, reveal new increments of meaning that go back to the direct meaning of the nomination I love. In turn, the nomination love has a text synonym happiness and is associated with the opposition “love (happiness) - grief (discord)” (Sonia’s letter to Nicholas from Trinity): It was too hard for me to think that I could be the cause of grief or discord in the family, which benefited me
worked,” she wrote, “and my love has one goal: the happiness of those whom I love; and therefore I beg you, Nicolas, to consider yourself free and to know that, in spite of everything, no one can love you more than your Sonya [Tolstoy 1979-1981: VII, 34]. In fact, in this sentence the heroine writes, first of all, about her feelings (this is evidenced by the use of the pronouns me, me, mine), about the feelings that the countess experienced, and only at the end of the sentence do the pronouns you, yours appear with the meaning of belonging to another face. This letter was dictated by the fact that Sonya had hope for the reunion of Natasha and Andrei Bolkonsky, and therefore, the impossibility of a marriage between Nikolai Rostov and Princess Marya. Hence the emergence of the meaning “selfishness”, implicitly represented in the nomination victim. That is, Sonya was not sincere in her desire to sacrifice herself. This led to the final decision on the marriage of Sonya and Nikolai.
Thus, the concept of “love” is represented in the text by the oppositions “love is poverty”, “love is sacrifice”, “love is duty”, etc., various lexical-semantic, lexical-thematic, associative groups, keywords smile, look, confusion, sacrifice, word, etc., which reflect the peculiarities of the consciousness of the Russian person in the novel by L.N. Tolstoy’s “War and Peace” and define one of the fragments of the linguistic picture of the world.
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CONCEPT “LOVE” IN THE NOVEL “WAR AND PEACE” BY L.N. TOLSTOY
The concept “love” is analyzed on the basis of the novel “War and Peace” written by L.N. Tolstoy. This concept is represented in the text by oppositions “love - poverty”, “love - sacrifice”, “love - duty” etc., by different lexico-semantic, lexico-thematic, associative groups, such keywords as smile, glance, muddle , sacrifice, word etc., which reflect the Russian man's mentality and determine a fragment of linguistic world picture.
Key words: rnncept, lexico-semantic groups, lexico-thematic groups, associative groups, keyword.