How to celebrate the holiday of Slavic literature and culture. Slavic writing and culture
Every year on May 24 in Slavic countries the Day of Slavic writing and culture. This holiday is associated with the names of the holy Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius - Slavic educators, creators of the Slavic alphabet, preachers of Christianity, the first translators of liturgical books from Greek into Slavic.
Slavic writing arose on May 24, 863 in the city of Pliska, the then capital of Bulgaria, where the Solun brothers Cyril and Methodius announced the invention of the Slavic alphabet. It was they, the Bulgarian enlighteners Cyril and Methodius, who created the first Slavic alphabet, which we use to this day. The alphabet got its name from the name of the youngest of the brothers - the Cyrillic alphabet.
The history of the Cyrillic alphabet is connected with Orthodoxy. Using the alphabet they created, the brothers translated from Greek Holy Scripture and a number of liturgical books.It is no coincidence that the life feat of Cyril and Methodius is equated with the apostolic one, calling them the “first teachers” of the Slavs. To the saints Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius were numbered in antiquity. The solemn celebration of the memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius was established in the Russian Church in 1863. Memorial Day of Cyril and Methodius - May 24, according to the new style, is now celebrated in Russia as a public holiday. The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is the only church and state holiday in our country.
Saints Equal to the Apostles Cyril and Methodius
The siblings Cyril and Methodius came from a pious family that lived in the Greek city of Thessaloniki (in Macedonia). They were the children of the same governor, a Bulgarian Slav. Saint Methodius was the eldest of seven brothers, Saint Constantine (Cyril was his monastic name) the youngest.
Saint Methodius first served, like his father, in a military rank. The Tsar, having learned about him as a good warrior, made him governor of one Slavic principality of Slavinia, which was under the Greek power. Having served in the rank of governor for about 10 years and having experienced the vanity of life, Methodius began to renounce everything earthly and direct his thoughts to the heavenly. Leaving the province and all the pleasures of the world, he became a monk on Mount Olympus.
And his brother Saint Constantine, from his youth, showed brilliant success in both secular and religious-moral education. He studied with the young Emperor Michael from the best teachers Constantinople, including Photius, the future Patriarch of Constantinople. Having received an excellent education, he perfectly comprehended all the sciences of his time and many languages; he especially diligently studied the works of St. Gregory the Theologian, for which he received the nickname Philosopher (wise). At the end of his studies, Saint Constantine accepted the rank of priest and was appointed keeper of the patriarchal library at the Church of Saint Sophia. But, neglecting all the benefits of his position, he retired to one of the monasteries near the Black Sea. Almost by force, he was returned to Constantinople and appointed a teacher of philosophy at the highest school of Constantinople. Then Cyril retired to his brother Methodius and for several years shared monastic exploits with him in a monastery on Olympus, where he first began to study the Slavic language. Soon the emperor summoned both holy brothers from the monastery and sent them to the Khazars to preach the gospel. On the way they stopped for some time in the city of Korsun ( Old Russian name city of Chersonese), where Constantine learned the Hebrew and Samaritan languages. Here the holy brothers learned that the relics of the Hieromartyr Clement, Pope of Rome, were in the sea, and they miraculously found them. There, in Korsun, Saint Constantine found the Gospel and the Psalter, written in “Russian letters,” and a man speaking Russian, and began to learn from this man to read and speak his language. After this, the holy brothers went to the Khazars, where they won the debate with Jews and Muslims, preaching the Gospel teaching.
Soon, ambassadors from the Moravian prince Rostislav, oppressed by the German bishops, came to the emperor with a request to send teachers to Moravia who could preach in the native language of the Slavs. The emperor called Saint Constantine and told him: “You need to go there, because no one will do this better than you.” Saint Constantine, with fasting and prayer, began a new feat. With the help of his brother Saint Methodius and the disciples Gorazd, Clement, Sava, Naum and Angelar, he compiled Slavic alphabet and translated into Slavic the books without which the Divine service could not be performed: the Gospel, the Psalter and selected services. Some chroniclers report that the first words written in the Slavic language were the words of the Apostle Evangelist John: “In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was to God, and God was the Word”. This was in 863.
After completing the translation, the holy brothers went to Moravia, where they were received with great honor and began to teach Divine services in the Slavic language. This aroused the anger of the German bishops, who performed divine services in the Moravian churches on Latin, and they rebelled against the holy brothers and filed a complaint to Rome. In 867 St. Methodius and Constantine were summoned by Pope Nicholas I to Rome for trial to resolve this issue. Taking with them the relics of Saint Clement, Pope of Rome, Saints Constantine and Methodius went to Rome. When they arrived in Rome, Nicholas I was no longer alive; his successor Adrian II, having learned that they were carrying with them the relics of St. Clement, met them solemnly outside the city. The Pope approved the Divine Service in the Slavic language, and ordered the books translated by the brothers to be placed in Roman churches and the Liturgy to be celebrated in the Slavic language.
While in Rome, Saint Constantine, informed by the Lord in a miraculous vision of his approaching death, took the schema with the name Cyril. 50 days after accepting the schema, on February 14, 869, Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril died at the age of 42. Before his death, he told his brother: “You and I, like a friendly pair of oxen, drove the same furrow; I’m exhausted, but don’t think about leaving the work of teaching and retiring to your mountain again.” The Pope ordered the relics of St. Cyril to be placed in the Church of St. Clement, where miracles began to be performed from them.
After the death of Saint Cyril, the pope, following the request of the Slavic prince Kocel, sent Saint Methodius to Pannonia, ordaining him archbishop of Moravia and Pannonia, to the ancient throne of the holy Apostle Antrodin. At the same time, Methodius had to endure a lot of troubles from the missionaries, but he continued the Gospel preaching among the Slavs and baptized the Czech prince Borivoj and his wife Lyudmila (September 16), as well as one of the Polish princes.
IN last years During his life, Saint Methodius, with the help of two disciple-priests, translated the entire Old Testament, except for the Maccabean books, as well as the Nomocanon (Rules of the Holy Fathers) and the patristic books (Paterikon).
The saint predicted the day of his death and died on April 6, 885 at the age of about 60 years. The funeral service for the saint was performed in three languages - Slavic, Greek and Latin; he was buried in the cathedral church of Velehrad, the capital of Moravia.
Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius were canonized in ancient times. In the Russian Orthodox Church, the memory of the Equal-to-the-Apostles enlighteners of the Slavs has been honored since the 11th century. The oldest services to saints that have survived to our time date back to the 13th century. The solemn celebration of the memory of the holy high priests Equal-to-the-Apostles Cyril and Methodius was established in the Russian Church in 1863.
After the death of the great brothers, their disciples suffered persecution. The Pope banned the study of the Slavic language. The cause of Cyril and Methodius, despite a persistent and lengthy struggle for many years, failed among the Western Slavs, but was firmly established in Bulgaria, and from there it was transferred to Serbia, Romania and Rus'. The students of Cyril and Methodius opened their own schools, and by the end of the 9th century, thousands of people were already reading and writing in Old Church Slavonic.
The Slavic alphabet existed unchanged in Rus' for more than seven centuries. Its creators tried to make each letter of the first alphabet simple and clear, easy to write. They understood that the letters must be beautiful so that a person, as soon as he sees them, immediately wants to master writing. The alphabet of Cyril and Methodius amazes us with its simplicity and convenience. In 1708, at the direction of Peter I, the alphabet was reformed for publications in the civil press; it was this version that formed the basis of the modern Russian font.
In the second half of the 18th century, the Russian alphabet was replenished with new letters that were not in the Slavic alphabet. At the beginning of the 20th century in Russia there was a need to simplify the alphabet and spelling. Such a reform was carried out in 1918.
Now our alphabet, compiled by Cyril and Methodius, is the simplest and most convenient. It contains the optimal number of letters – 33.
The spiritual feat of Saints Cyril and Methodius, Equal to the Apostles, is attested in extensive hagiographic literature, in words of praise and religious hymns, in ancient church services and chants, on icons and in church paintings, in artistic prose, in poetry and in numerous scientific works.
Cyril and Methodius accomplished a great work, rightfully so Slavic alphabet can be called a world masterpiece of linguistic culture. The power of the deed of Cyril and Methodius is great and immortal, like a native language!
The origin of the holiday is inseparably linked with the memory of the creators of the Cyrillic alphabet - the Equal-to-the-Apostles brothers Cyril and Methodius.
Cyril and Methodius were born into a noble and pious family that lived in Thessaloniki (now Thessaloniki). The elder brother Methodius chose a military career, served as a dependent Byzantine Empire Slavic principality, where he learned the local language. After 10 years of service, he became a monk and then became abbot of a monastery in Bithynia.
Kirill s early age was interested in science, studied languages, and communicated with outstanding personalities of that time, such as the Byzantine chronicler Leon Grammatikos and Patriarch Photius. After completing his studies, he received the rank of priest, taught philosophy in Constantinople, and later moved to Methodius’s monastery, where he prayed and read a lot.
The reason for the creation of a new written language was the request of the Moravian prince Rostislav to send teachers to him so that they could preach in the native language of his subjects. These were times when the Slavic peoples were just emerging onto the historical stage and needed convincing sermons and public worship. In 863 the brothers began to create new alphabet. They significantly change the Greek alphabet and try to more accurately convey Slavic sounds. Using new writing, they translate books, texts from the Gospel, psalters, and chants for liturgies. As soon as the word of God sounded in the Slavic language, the need for local clergy immediately arose, so the most worthy were prepared for ordination. Listening to the texts of the Holy Scriptures in their native language, people began to accept Christianity, and with it writing. Having inherited their own alphabet, the culture and spirituality of the Slavic countries experienced an unprecedented rise.
Orthodox Church deeply honors the memory of the brothers. Already in the 11th century. day May 11 (May 24 to Gregorian calendar) is declared the day of remembrance of Saints Cyril and Methodius, and later, when science and enlightenment flourished, this day became a holiday of Slavic writing. In Rus', the custom of remembering Cyril and Methodius developed a long time ago, but at the state level the holiday was approved only in 1863, almost 1000 years after the introduction of the Cyrillic alphabet. IN Soviet times they completely forgot about him, but on May 24, 1986, several events were held in Murmansk, dedicated to the Day writing, and the following year it was celebrated in Kyiv, Minsk and Novgorod. In 1991, the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR legalized the holiday as the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture.
Now in Russia the holiday is celebrated by both the church and the secular community. Along with memorable services, processions and pilgrimages to monasteries, exhibitions, presentations, literary readings, competitions and holiday concerts. This holiday is a reason for joy and pride in one’s national culture, both for believers and convinced atheists in many countries.
At the end of the ninth century new era The Slavs finally have their own alphabet. Michael the Third, Emperor of Byzantium, gave the order to create an orderly writing system for the Old Church Slavonic language. The brothers Cyril and Methodius took up this matter. That is why the alphabet began to be called Cyrillic. And in honor of this important event for all Slavic states was proposed special holiday. Unfortunately, many people know nothing about it. It’s even sadder that people often don’t understand its purpose, its meaning.
But before we talk about the holiday, let's turn to writing. Today we don't even think about the fact that we can write using the letters of a standardized and generally accepted alphabet. Moreover, our recordings will be understood in all corners of the country. Writing, which appeared more than a thousand years ago, undoubtedly became the engine of such areas of art as literature, theater, music and some others. In addition, it allowed people located far from each other to transmit information. What can I say: written sources are a tremendous help for historians and ethnographers.
With the advent of writing, man had the opportunity to write down the necessary information, and therefore to receive and master new knowledge. And how quickly the culture began to develop! And the contribution of Cyril and Methodius to the entire life of people can hardly be overestimated. In general, we modern life It is very difficult to imagine how people lived before when they did not have letters.
And now about the holiday itself. Every year on May 24th the “Day of Slavic Literature and Culture” is celebrated in Russian Federation. In other states, whose population comes from the Slavic community, there are also similar holidays. They just have different names, as well as the dates of the event (although in Bulgaria, as in Russia, it is May 24). In general, it was originally invented in Bulgaria in the nineteenth century, and then took root in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova. In any case, regardless of the country, the holiday is dedicated to the great work of the holy brothers, thanks to whom the Slavs got their own alphabet. 
It should also be noted that Slavic writing is a collective concept that includes writing in numerous Slavic languages (Russian, Ukrainian, Bulgarian and others).
How it all began?
The history of the holiday “Day of Slavic Literature and Culture” goes back to the distant tenth (according to some sources - the eleventh) century of the new era. In general, this day was then called the Day of Saints Cyril and Methodius, who became the authors of the alphabet. They gave people writing.
In Rus', the “Day of Slavic Culture and Literature,” or rather the Day of Cyril and Methodius, was forgotten for some time, but was remembered again in 1863. The date was proposed: May 11 (now, according to the new style, it is May 24). But a little more than a hundred years later, a large-scale resumption of the celebration of the Day of Remembrance of these saints began. This was due to the round date - 1100 years have passed since the death of Methodius. In 1986, the Festival of Writing was held for the first time in the city of Murmansk. Five years later, a special Decree was issued by the authorities in force at that time. It stated that now every year a holiday called “Day of Slavic Literature and Culture” would be held. Moreover, it was noted that the Russian Orthodox Church will take direct part in it. And this is not surprising, because Cyril and Methodius are canonized.
Then every year a city was chosen to become the center of the holiday. The main cultural events took place there. This state of affairs continues to this day.
How is everything going today?
Days of Slavic culture and literature are not held according to one standardized plan, they are always different, always interesting and lively. 
There is also a place for discussion of pressing problems, in which cultural figures - poets, writers and others - take part.
When the “Day of Slavic Literature and Culture” is celebrated, scientific meetings and forums, festivals and exhibitions, as well as fairs and concerts are held in Russia. Such a cultural explosion awakens in the hearts of people true love to your people, your language, pride in them. Of course, they do not forget to remember the brothers who gave people writing. The “Day of Slavic Culture” itself is intended to unite and preserve that cultural heritage, which we inherited from our ancestors. And this is certainly very important. The holiday reminds all Slavic countries of the unity of their origin, of their ancestors.
But the meaning and significance of this day exists not only for each individual country, but also for each person individually. After all, we all speak and write in Slavic! Our ancestors, our parents, our teachers spoke and wrote in it! But language and writing are the basis, the basis for culture and art. That is why we must not only take care of our Slavic culture, but also to raise it in your children. Agree that we have something to be proud of! It’s not for nothing that the works of Slavic writers and poets are famous for such insight, such bewitching and incredibly beautiful turns of speech! Reading their books is a pleasure. Therefore, let's love and respect our writing, our Slavic culture. She has given and continues to give us a lot!
The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture was widely celebrated in Russia.
Day of Slavic Literature and Culture
The purpose of the lesson:
Reveal the meaning of the holiday: Day of Slavic Literature and Culture
Lesson objectives:
1. Instill in children a love of native word, native language, national history.
2.Introduce students to the origins of the creation of the Slavic alphabet.
3. To foster respect for the creators of the Cyrillic alphabet and national pride in the language.
Equipment:
Computer, presentation.
During the classes
Teacher's word:
Today we will talk about our history, about the emergence of Slavic writing. Every year on May 24, Russia celebrates the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. A nation, people, and state cannot live without culture, literacy, and writing.
On May 24, the Slavic peoples - Russians, Ukrainians, Belarusians, Bulgarians, Serbs, Czechs, Slovaks, Poles - celebrate a special holiday - “Day of Slavic Writing”.
Across broad Rus' - our mother -
Bell ringing spills.
Now the brothers Saints Cyril and Methodius
They are glorified for their labors
Remember Cyril and Methodius -
Glorious brothers, equal to the apostles
In Belarus, Macedonia,
In Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
The wise brothers are praised in Bulgaria,
In Ukraine, Croatia, Serbia.
All the peoples who write in Cyrillic,
What have been called Slavic since ancient times,
They glorify the feat of the first teachers,
Christian enlighteners.
Fair-haired and gray-eyed,
Everyone is bright in face and glorious in heart,
Drevlyans, Rusichi, glades,
Tell me, who are you?
WE ARE SLAVS!
Your article is all nice,
All different and all similar,
Now you are called Russians,
Since ancient times, who are you?
WE ARE SLAVS!
Writing is a real treasure that man has mastered.
So in ancient times, people exchanged information by sending each other various items. It turned out cumbersome and not particularly clear. When people realized that exchanging message objects was a troublesome task, they began to draw these objects.
(3, 4, 5, 6 slide. Cave drawings)
Such images were found on the walls of caves where ancient people once lived. These are the first steps of man towards the creation of writing. Gradually, people began to replace drawings with symbols.
(Slide 7. Rock symbols-letters)
Inscriptions were made on stones, rocks, and on boards. Of course, it was inconvenient to carry such “letters” over distances and these signs could be understood in different ways.
Time passed. Gradually, people moved from drawings to signs, which they began to call letters. This is how writing was born.
(slide 8. The emergence of writing)
(9, 10, 11, 12, 13 slide. Cyril and Methodius)
On the screen you see an image of two brothers in monastic robes. These are Cyril (in the world Constantine) and Methodius (in the world Michael). Who are Cyril and Methodius? (Report)
They were originally from the Macedonian city of Thessaloniki. Kirill studied theology and taught philosophy. He was called a philosopher, or in Russian a sage. Since childhood, he dreamed of writing books that would be understandable to the Slavs, and for this he had to come up with Slavic letters. This turned out to be a very difficult task and Kirill alone could not cope with it. His elder brother Methodius began to help him. They worked hard and the result was the alphabet. It had 38 letters. Some of them were taken from the Greek alphabet, and some were specially invented to convey the sounds of Slavic speech. This is how the Slavic peoples received their written language - the alphabet, which was called the Cyrillic alphabet in memory of its creator. This was in the 9th century.
More than 1110 years ago, the brothers Cyril and Methodius brought the light of writing and knowledge to the lands of the Slavs. This happened in 863.
The brothers were born in large family a military commander who served in Thessaloniki, a town on the border between Bulgaria and Greece. Methodius was 6 years older than his brother. Since childhood, the boys knew two languages: their native Greek and Slavic, since the population of the town consisted of half Greeks and half Slavs.
Constantine, thanks to his lively and quick mind, passion for learning and diligence, received an excellent education at the imperial court. Both brothers lived a spiritual life, did not attach special significance wealth, fame, career. Younger brother translated, wrote, creating the alphabet, in Slavic. The eldest published books, ran a school, wrote hymns and poetic sermons.
First, Constantine depicted sounds common to the Slavs and Greeks. He tried to record each unknown sound in a different way. If the signs seemed awkward to him, he replaced them. Each letter should be simple and clear—easy to write. After all, the Slavs will need a lot of books. And the simpler the letters are, the sooner you can rewrite the book. After all, people who will write will be inept, with hands unaccustomed to writing. The letters must also be beautiful, so that a person, as soon as he sees them, immediately wants to master writing.
In connection with the advent of Slavic writing, the churches where German priests preached began to empty, and the churches where Slavic speech was heard were full. The Germans could not put up with this and outlawed the brothers and their books. That’s when the brothers and their disciples had to go to Rome. In Rome, the pope himself came out to his brothers and received Slavic books, sanctified them.
Konstantin was not destined to return to his homeland. Having become seriously ill, he took monastic vows, received the name Kirill, and died a few hours later. With this name he remained to live in of blessed memory descendants. Dying, Kirill said to his brother: “Here, brother, you and I were a couple in the same harness and plowed the same furrow. And I fall on the field, finishing my day. Don’t you dare leave your teaching…”
Methodius, having buried his brother, returned to the Slavs, but due to a false denunciation he was imprisoned. For two and a half years the light dimmed for the one who himself brought light to people. With great difficulty, the disciples managed to achieve the release of Methodius. His educational and teaching activities continued until his very last days.
(14, 15, 16 slides. ABC. Glagolitic and Cyrillic)
Glagolitic and Cyrillic are the first Slavic alphabet. The name of the alphabet “Glagolitic” comes from the word VERB, which means “speech”. And “Cyrillic” is named after its creator. IN Ancient Rus' the Glagolitic alphabet was used to transmit church texts and existed for 3 centuries, and the Cyrillic alphabet was used in everyday writing. There are 43 letters in the Cyrillic alphabet, which later became the basis of the Russian alphabet.
(17, 18, 19, 20, 21 slides. First books)
In 988, a palace school of “book learning” was opened in Kyiv. Arose new center book culture, the school united Kievan Rus with European civilization.
Books in Rus' were very expensive. They were made on parchment: the skin of the sheep was soaked in lime, dried, then honey was rubbed in.
From the well, such blue depths
My Kitezh is growing, four walls,
Gilded ridge, lace shutters - apart...
The east is turning pink. Ros is illuminated.
Wooden fairy tale, lake peace,
Why do I need your shore, so lacy?
In the whimsical curves of patterned roofs?
Yes, a shepherd's horn? Yes, pipe reed?
Apparently, the archival memory began to hurt,
If there is nothing to regret in the concrete wilds -
So at least lure you from the depths,
From Cyrillic woven epic songs.
Wooden fairy tale, forgotten Ros,
You pierce my soul right through with an arrow.
And I don’t know why this is necessary,
Like water from a well, your old man...
(22, 23, 24 slide. Birch bark certificates)
In Rus', another material for writing was used for a long time - birch bark. Marks were applied to birch bark using a bone rod.
Since the 10th century, based on the Glagolitic and Cyrillic alphabet Old Russian language Literature is being distributed. Most often these were church books, teachings, and scientific works.
(25, 26, 27, 28, 29 slide. First books and chroniclers)
(Slide 30. First printing presses in Rus')
Over time, more convenient machines appeared, and with them the modern alphabet.
Good book, my companion, my friend,
Leisure time with you can be interesting.
You teach to be truthful and valiant,
To understand and love nature, people.
I cherish you, I take care of you.
I can't live without a good book.
(31, 32, 33 slide. ABC)
Appearance letters of the Slavic alphabet helps us see the world through the eyes of our ancestors. Each letter is individual, unique and has its own name: lead, people, beeches, az, earth.
The names of the letters were supposed to remind people of words that should not be forgotten: “good”, “live”, “earth”, “people”, “peace”.
"Az" and "Buki". The result is the word "ALC."
(Slide 34. Proverbs)
This is what people say: “First “az” and “buki”, then science.” It is with the basics that the path of each of us into the world of knowledge begins.
Guys, listen to proverbs about the benefits of learning.
He who wants to know a lot needs little sleep.
Going into science means suffering.
The light stands by God's will, people live by science.
Without flour there is no science.
To think nothing means to become sour.
(Slide 35. Continue the proverb)
A total of 43 sister letters look at us from an ancient scroll. These names became the basis of the modern Russian language.
Russian language.
I love my native language!
It is clear to everyone
He is melodious
He, like the Russian people, has many faces,
As our power, mighty.
He is the language of the moon and planets,
Our satellites and rockets,
At the round table meeting
Speak it:
Unambiguous and direct
He is like the truth itself.
(36, 37 slide. Monuments to Cyril and Methodius)
In honor of the enlighteners Cyril and Methodius, a holiday was established - the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture. This holiday came to us from Bulgaria, where this tradition is already more than 100 years old. To this day, on the eve of the holiday, Bulgarians lay flowers at the monuments to Cyril and Methodius.
In our country, the holiday began to be celebrated in 1986. In 1992, sculptor V. Klykov created a monument to the Slavic enlighteners, Cyril and Methodius, which was installed in Moscow.
On May 24, all our people will celebrate the Holiday of Slavic Literature and Culture. On this day, a monument to Cyril and Methodius was unveiled on Slavyanskaya Square in Moscow. At the foot of this monument there is an Unquenchable Lamp - a sign of eternal memory. Since then, every year on May 24 we honor Cyril and Methodius.
It is a pity that we began to celebrate the Holiday of Slavic Literature very late, because in other Slavic countries this day has been celebrated a long time ago, publicly, very colorfully and truly festive.
(38, 39 slides. Saints Cyril and Methodius)
Thessalonica brothers Cyril and Methodius are the pride of everything Slavic world. They said: doesn't the sun shine for everyone, doesn't it for everyone? it's raining, doesn’t the earth feed everyone? All people are equal, all people are brothers, everyone is equal before the Lord, and everyone needs literacy. The Orthodox Church canonized the brothers Cyril and Methodius as saints.
In a narrow monastery cell,
In four blank walls,
About the land about ancient Russian
The story was written down by a monk.
He wrote in winter and summer,
Illuminated by dim light.
He wrote year after year
About our great people.
(N. Konchalovskaya)
And to write down and convey to us “things that have been done for a long time” days gone by“The Slavic alphabet, which was invented about two thousand years ago by the brothers Cyril and Methodius from the distant Greek town of Thessaloniki, helped.
(40 slide)
Two brothers, Cyril and Methodius,
We want to say thank you!
For the letters that we really need,
To teach us to read.
In the history of writing there are many interesting facts. Here are some of them.
The most big Book in the world– “Super Book”, measures 2.74 x 3.07 m, weighs 252.6 kg and contains 300 pages. It was published in Denver, Colorado, USA in 1976.
Smallest book ever sold, was printed on 1x1 meter paper. This is a children's fairy tale "Old King Cole", published in 1985 in Scotland. Its pages can be carefully turned with a needle.
The smallest book in the world– until recently it was “Kobzar” by T.G. Shevchenko is a miracle of the hands of a Ukrainian engineer, created using microtechnology. It is made in a single copy and consists of twelve pages of text and two illustrations. The pages are sewn together with dyed web, and you can turn them over with the pointed end of a hair. The cover is made of immortelle petal and decorated on both sides with gold stripes. Seven such publications easily fit on the end of a match, and the book can only be read with the help of a magnifying glass. It can easily be threaded through the eye of a needle or hidden in eyelashes. Later it turned out that this little book was not the limit for miniaturists. The Zhmerinsky craftsman created a volume of poems by A.S. Pushkin with a volume of only 0.0064 cubic meters. mm! A portrait of the poet is engraved on the cover of the book. If you look at the book with the naked eye, it looks like a speck of dust, because it is 15 times smaller than a poppy seed. If you look into the microscope, you can see a rather plump volume.
The most original autograph The writer belongs to Maxim Gorky. In the spring of 1937 Italian fishermen near Palermo caught a huge turtle weighing 100 kg. Their attention was attracted by the inscription written on the shell: “Released the turtle Torto on April 1, 1922. The turtle weighs 52 kg and is 90 cm long. Toto loves sardines very much. Maksim Gorky. Capri."
First handwritten book in Rus'- “Chimes”. Started publishing in 1621. by order of Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich. The contents of the newspaper were considered a state secret, since it contained excerpts from foreign newspapers about various events in Europe. The Chimes were read only by the Tsar and his immediate circle. The newspaper was published in a single copy.
The first printed newspaper in Rus'– “Vedomosti” began to be published by decree of Peter 1 and was intended for the mass reader.
The most ancient library peace is a collection of clay books from King Ashurbanipal of Nineveh (7th century BC).
The very first library in Rus' was created by Yaroslav the Wise in Kyiv in the St. Sophia Cathedral in 1037.
The largest library in the world– Library of Congress in Washington.
The largest library in Russia– Russian state library in Moscow.
Celebrated: in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and other Slavic countries
Church name: Equal to the Apostles Methodius and Kirill, Slovenian teachers
Established:
- Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation No. 568-1 of January 30, 1991
- Decree of the President of Ukraine No. 1096/2004 dated September 17, 2004
- Celebrated in Belarus since 1986 as a state-church holiday.
Meaning: in honor of Saints Cyril and Methodius
Traditions:
- divine liturgies;
- scientific and practical conferences;
- religious processions;
- Exhibitions;
- cultural and leisure events;
- pilgrimage.
The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is celebrated in memory of two enlighteners - Cyril and Methodius. The brothers contributed huge contribution in the development of Slavic society and its culture. The writing they created in the 9th century made it possible to capture the best pages Russian history, biographies of great people. Replicated knowledge accumulated over many centuries Slavic people, contributed to the spread of literacy. Socialization in world civilization allowed it to take its corresponding place among other nations.
Who celebrates and when?
The Day of Slavic Literature and Culture is celebrated annually on May 24, and 2018 is no exception. On January 30, 1991, by Resolution of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Russian Federation No. 568-1, it received the status of a state holiday in Russia.
The date is celebrated by linguists, representatives of the progressive public and religious organizations, Slavic scholars, cultural workers.
history of the holiday
In Russia, the holiday of writing was first officially celebrated in 1863, when a resolution was adopted to honor the memory of Saints Cyril and Methodius on May 24. Official status received in 1991. Today is the Day of Slavic Literature and Culture - the only holiday in the Russian Federation that combines secular and religious events.
Brothers Cyril and Methodius were born into a noble family of a Byzantine military leader. Both were literate and educated people of its time. The elder brother Methodius devoted himself to military affairs at the beginning of his life, but his humanitarian inclinations and thirst for knowledge led him to the monastery. The youngest of the brothers, Kirill, was distinguished by philological inclinations from childhood. He determined for himself the path of enlightenment and purposefully walked towards it. Having received the priesthood, he led library activities at the Hagia Sophia and taught philosophical sciences.
The brothers' merit lies in the fact that they created the Slavic alphabet and developed a methodology for Slavic phrases. They translated several holy books, which contributed to the conduct and dissemination of worship in a language understandable to the Slavs.
Cyril and Methodius had deep knowledge of Greek and eastern cultures. Summarizing their experience in the field of writing, the brothers created the first Slavic alphabet based on Slavic writings. It became a great impetus for the development of culture and education in the Slavic states. Writing made it possible to develop Russian bookmaking and literature.
The significance of the contribution of the enlightenment brothers to the dissemination of writing, and with it religious knowledge, was highly appreciated by church ministers. The brothers received the status of saints after their death and their own holiday.