The image of the house in the novel “The White Guard” is central. He unites the heroes of the work and protects them from danger. Turning events in the country instill anxiety and fear in the souls of people. And only home comfort and warmth can create the illusion of peace and security.

1918

Great is the year one thousand nine hundred and eighteen. But he is also scary. Kyiv was occupied by German troops on one side and the hetman's army on the other. And rumors about Petlyura’s arrival instill increasing anxiety in the already frightened townspeople. Visitors and all sorts of dubious characters are scurrying around on the street. Anxiety is even in the air. This is how Bulgakov depicted the situation in Kyiv in Last year war. And he used the image of the house in the novel “The White Guard” so that its heroes could hide, at least for a while, from the impending danger. The characters of the main characters are revealed within the walls of the Turbins’ apartment. Everything outside of it is like another world, scary, wild and incomprehensible.

Intimate conversations

The theme of home in the novel "The White Guard" plays important role. The Turbins’ apartment is cozy and warm. But here, too, the heroes of the novel argue and conduct political discussions. Alexei Turbin, the oldest tenant of this apartment, scolds the Ukrainian hetman, whose most harmless offense is that he forced the Russian population to speak a “vile language.” Next, he spews curses at representatives of the hetman’s army. However, the obscenity of his words does not detract from the truth that lies within them.

Myshlaevsky, Stepanov and Shervinsky, younger brother Nikolka - everyone is excitedly discussing what is happening in the city. And also present here is Elena, the sister of Alexei and Nikolka.

But the image of the house in the novel “The White Guard” is not the embodiment of a family hearth and not a refuge for dissident individuals. This is a symbol of what is still bright and real in a dilapidated country. A political change always gives rise to unrest and robbery. And the people in Peaceful time, it would seem, quite decent and honest, in difficult situations show their true face. Turbines and their friends are few of those who have not been made worse off by the changes in the country.

Thalberg's betrayal

At the beginning of the novel, Elena's husband leaves the house. He runs into the unknown in a “rat run.” Listening to her husband’s assurances that Denikin will soon return with the army, Elena, “old and ugly,” understands that he will not return. And so it happened. Thalberg had connections, he took advantage of them and was able to escape. And already at the end of the work, Elena learns about his upcoming marriage.

The image of the house in the novel “The White Guard” is a kind of fortress. But for cowardly and selfish people, it is like a sinking ship for rats. Talberg flees, and only those who can trust each other remain. Those who are not capable of betrayal.

Autobiographical work

Based on own life experience Bulgakov created this novel. “The White Guard” is a work in which the characters express the thoughts of the author himself. The book is not national, since it is dedicated only to a certain social stratum close to the writer.

Bulgakov's heroes turn to God more than once in the most difficult moments. There is complete harmony and mutual understanding in the family. This is exactly how Bulgakov imagined his ideal house. But perhaps the theme of the house in the novel “The White Guard” is inspired by the author’s youthful memories.

Universal hatred

In 1918, bitterness prevailed in the cities. It had an impressive scale, as it was generated by the centuries-old hatred of peasants towards nobles and officers. And to this it is also worth adding the anger of the local population towards the occupiers and Petliurists, whose appearance is awaited with horror. The author depicted all this using the example of the Kyiv events. But only parents' house in the novel “The White Guard” is light, in a good way, inspiring hope. And here it’s not only Alexey, Elena and Nikolka who can take refuge from the external storms of life.

The Turbins’ house in the novel “The White Guard” also becomes a haven for people who are close in spirit to its inhabitants. Myshlaevsky, Karas and Shervinsky became relatives to Elena and her brothers. They know about everything that happens in this family - about all the sorrows and hopes. And they are always welcome here.

Mother's testament

Turbina Sr., who died shortly before the events described in the work, bequeathed her children to live together. Elena, Alexey and Nikolka keep their promise, and only this saves them. Love, understanding and support - the components of a true Home - do not allow them to perish. And even when Alexey is dying, and doctors call him “hopeless,” Elena continues to believe and finds support in prayers. And, to the surprise of the doctors, Alexey recovers.

The author paid much attention to the interior elements in the Turbins' house. Thanks to small details a striking contrast is created between this apartment and the one located on the floor below. The atmosphere in Lisovich's house is cold and uncomfortable. And after the robbery, Vasilisa goes to the Turbins for spiritual support. Even this seemingly unpleasant character feels safe in Elena and Alexei’s house.

The world outside this house is mired in confusion. But here everyone still sings songs, sincerely smiles at each other and boldly looks danger in the eyes. This atmosphere also attracts another character - Lariosik. Talberg's relative almost immediately became one of his own here, which Elena's husband failed to do. The thing is that the arriving guest from Zhitomir has such qualities as kindness, decency and sincerity. And they are mandatory for a long stay in the house, the image of which was depicted so vividly and colorfully by Bulgakov.

"The White Guard" is a novel that was published more than 90 years ago. When a play based on this work was staged in one of the Moscow theaters, the audience, whose fates were so similar to the lives of the heroes, cried and fainted. This work became extremely close to those who lived through the events of 1917-1918. But the novel did not lose relevance even later. And some fragments in it are unusually reminiscent of the present time. And this once again confirms that the present literary work always, at any time relevant.

II. Conversation

Teacher's word.

The main theme of the novel is tragic fate Russian intelligentsia during the years of the revolution and Civil War using the example of Russian officers - the White Guard, and in connection with this the problem of preserving the cultural heritage of the past, issues of duty, honor, human dignity.

Let us remember the best representatives of the Russian intelligentsia - poets and writers. Many of them had ambivalent attitudes towards the revolution. It was difficult to figure out whose side the truth, the historical truth, was on.

How did Blok, Gorky, Bulgakov, Pasternak relate to the intelligentsia?

(They considered the intelligentsia the guardian of Russian culture, the best social stratum. And they themselves were its brightest representatives. M. A. Bulgakov in the novel “The White Guard” through the fate of the Turbin family showed us the tragedy and horror of the fratricidal war).

What moral laws do Turbines live by?

(The cult of high Russian culture, spirituality, and intelligence reigns in the family. Russian literature is present in the novel as a full-fledged hero. Every now and then in “The White Guard” the names of Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, the names of their heroes are mentioned: Lisa from “ Queen of Spades", Taras Bulba, witch - pannochka (Yavdokha), Natasha Rostova, heroine of "The Captain's Daughter". Demons from Dostoevsky’s novel, Lermontov’s demon, burst into the Turbins’ dreams.

In the Turbins’ house, “despite the guns,” there is a starched and snow-white tablecloth. “The floors are shiny, and in December... On the table there are blue hydrangeas and two gloomy and sultry roses, Bulgakov writes, affirming the beauty and strength of life. Here a woman is worshiped as a goddess, and honor lies in loyalty not only to the king, the white banner, but also to comradeship, duty to the younger and weaker).

What is the attitude of the Turbins towards the intelligentsia?

(Turbines consider the intelligentsia to be the salt of the earth, they are afraid of revolution because they are afraid of the destruction of culture, family, way of life, they are afraid that “the fire in the bronze lamp will go out” and the “Captain’s Daughter” will be burned in the oven.” The old peaceful way of life seems inexpressibly beautiful to them. The most important thing for them is the concept of honor. They do not change their convictions, they cannot betray.)

Is history friendly to the Turbins?

(History appears as something hostile to the private life of people. But you cannot sit out the revolution by closing yourself off from it, like Vasilisa. In the noisy, cheerful life of the Turbins there is a note of doom. Parting with the past is inevitable, revolutionary defeats and explosions are inevitable.)

Let's talk about the fate of the main characters: Alexei, Elena and Nikolka. What can you tell us about the fate of Alexey?

(Alexey Turbin, the elder brother, is one of those lost in this revolutionary snowstorm: “That’s why I’m tormented because I don’t understand where the fate of events is taking us,” he could subscribe to Yesenin’s phrase. In the first chapters of the novel, Alexey is a convinced monarchist and a White Guard, a determined opponent of the Bolsheviks. Considers it his duty to defend the City from the Petliurists, voluntarily enrolling in the squad as a doctor. Mortally wounded, at the end of the novel Turbin painfully experiences the collapse of his faith.

A. Turbin, deluded and doubtful, comes to the conviction: it is necessary to rebuild ordinary human life and not fight, flooding our native land with blood. Much brings the author closer to his hero: calm courage, faith in old Russia, and the dream of peaceful life, and pain from the loss of spiritual values.)

Has Nikolka Turbin stood the test of time?

(Nikolai is the most young hero White Guard he is seventeen and a half years old. The dream of a feat lives in his heart (one can compare his image with the image of Tolstoy’s Petya Rostov). He is also a man of honor. (The episode is analyzed - Nikolka in battle.) The younger Turbin owns the words: (“... not a single person should break the words, because it will be impossible to live in the world Nikolka rushes through the bullet-ridden streets of the city, looking for Nai-Turs’s loved ones to inform them about his heroic death and bury him with dignity.)

What is Elena's tragedy? What ideological load does this carry? central image in the novel?

(Elena is the keeper of the family hearth and family traditions of the Turbins. She radiates love, light and kindness. This is indicated by synonymous epithets: “red-haired, red-haired, reddish, golden, beautiful. Her tragedy lies in the betrayal of her husband, in the fact that family ties are collapsing She is trying with all her might to stay warm. hearth and home. It is through her lips that Bulgakov expresses his cherished thoughts: “Never pull the lampshade off the lamp... Doze by the lampshade, read - let the blizzard howl. Wait for them to come to you."

It also embodies the religious principle. She asks in her prayers for the salvation of Alexei: “... we are all guilty of blood, but you do not punish. Don't punish")

Which of the characters, besides the Turbins, preserved their honor, preserved their humanity and sense of duty during this Time of Troubles?

(Doomed to defeat, caught in a tragic situation, best heroes Bulgakov retain human courage, officer's honor, a high sense of duty, camaraderie, the desire for normal - human life, to love.)

(Students talk about Nai-Tours, Myshlaevsky, Malyshev).

Which of the heroes did not retain these qualities?

(First of all, Talberg, the husband of Elena Turbina. The author despises him for his unscrupulousness, weakness, betrayal: “A damn doll, devoid of the slightest concept of honor!” Talberg is the “color” of the White Army, he graduated from the military academy. The more bitter is the disappointment in him. The calculating, cynical Talberg, with his “double-layered eyes,” is not burdened by the concept of honor: he considers whose side is strong and makes a career for sure. During the revolution, he is the first to go out onto the street with a red bow and then the first to shout in the elections in favor of the hetman .He is fine under any power.According to the author, the “rat at a run” from Talberg’s house is not just Elena’s misfortune, it is a shame, dishonor and ingloriousness of the White Guard.

The landlord Lisovich (they call him female name Vasilisa) - “an engineer and a coward, a bourgeois and unsympathetic.” He counts and hides the coupons, hiding in silence behind the shutters. Everything that happens around him does not concern him, just to survive the storm.)

IV. Teacher's comment

Being an irreconcilable opponent of violence, Bulgakov makes an exception in relation to those who show neither honor, nor conscience, nor basic human decency. He punishes Lisovich severely; the janitor trying to detain Nikolka for cowardly anger; the poet Rusakov - for spiritual decay; another poet, Gorbolaz, for denunciation. The nature of each punishment corresponds, according to the will of the author, to the nature of the Fall. Lisovich is punished by deprivation of “treasures”, the janitor Nero - by Nikolka’s reciprocal anger, Rusakov for mental rot - by physical rot, syphilis, Gorbolaz - by what he wished for the Bolshevik agitator whom he tried to extradite.

The storms of civil war capture people, drag them along, controlling their destinies. The heroes became toys in the hands of elemental forces; they were whirled around by a blizzard, a blizzard, symbolically foreshadowed by the epigraph from “The Captain’s Daughter.” Let us recall the image of Blok from “The Twelve” - revolution as an element. On the surface of life, political temporary workers and adventurers flicker, replacing each other, and in the depths the rebellious mass of the people wanders.

V. Lesson summary

We find the episode of escape to the City (part 1, chapter 4)

The death of the white movement is inevitable, and the fall of the kingdom of the hetman, elected ruler of Ukraine, is also inevitable. at the circus. Let us pay attention to this symbolic detail.

Romay is filled with a cruel consciousness of the inevitability of the judgment of history, a Blok-like sense of retribution.

What moral values ​​does the writer affirm in the novel?

(Both at the beginning of the novel and in its epilogue, the author makes you think about eternity, the life of future generations, about the responsibility of people before history, before each other. Everything will pass, everything will disappear, “but the stars will remain...” (addressing epigraph). Stars are the eternity of life, these are eternal moral values: goodness, books, family, home, love. Love will conquer everything, love is life. Death was chasing Alexei Turbin, but love caught up with it in the form of Julia Reiss. Nikolka comes to the house Nai-Tursov is a messenger of death, brings grief, and takes away with him the love of the hero's sister. Elena's heart was won by Shervinsky. Love cannot be killed, just as life cannot be killed. Like "The Captain's Daughter," "The White Guard" is not only a historical novel, but also a unique novel - education, where, in the words of L. Tolstoy, family thought is combined with national thought).

Homework

According to options: analyze two key scenes of the novel - a party at the Turbins (chasty, chapter 3) and a scene in the gymnasium (part 1, chapters 6, 7).

Lesson 5 (66). The image of the house in the novel “The White Guard”

The purpose of the lesson: understand how the writer creates the image of the House, identify the role of this image in the system of life values.

Methodical techniques: repetition, work on the text, analysis of episodes.

During the classes

I. Teacher's word

The house in Bulgakov’s view is not limited to the auxiliary role, the role of the interior. This is a place where you can hide from the storms of life, where you are loved and waited for. In the novel, Bulgakov recreates the atmosphere of his native house No. 13 on Alekseevsky Spusk, where comfort, mutual understanding, and an atmosphere of high intelligence reigned. Let us remember the Rostov house from War and Peace.

What do the Rostov house and the Turbin house have in common?

(Autobiographical. An atmosphere of trust and love, simplicity and mutual respect. There is a “stranger” in the house: Tolstoy has Berg, Vera’s husband, Bulgakov has Talberg, Elena’s husband (note the similarity of surnames.)

II. Conversation

The image of the House is also created in contrast to the rest, the outside world. One of the epigraphs, from “The Captain’s Daughter,” reads: “Fine snow began to fall and suddenly fell in flakes. The wind howled and there was a blizzard. In an instant, the dark sky mixed with the snowy sea. Everything has disappeared.

Well, master,” the coachman shouted, “trouble: a snowstorm!”

Let us remember from there: “God forbid that we see a Russian rebellion, senseless and merciless.”

Which other writer of the 20th century uses the image of a snowstorm?

(The image of a snowstorm, a blizzard, foreshadowing the storms of life, is one of the main ones in Blok.)

Bulgakov's heroes manage to defend themselves for some time and defend their Home, the embodiment of strength, reliability, and life itself. For the Turbins, things are not material values, but special signs of familiar existence, hope, and security.

What items are truly valuable to the Turbins?

(Books: Treasures stood in close formation on open multi-shelf cabinets. Green, red, embossed with gold and yellow covers and black folders from all four walls... books looked at them" (part 3, chapter 12).)

What books are mentioned in the novel? In what context?

(First of all, let’s remember the Captain’s daughter. Title Pushkin's novel is given without quotation marks. This is no longer just a book image, it is a member of the family, just like Natasha Rostova. Elena reads Bunin's "Mr. from San Francisco". Let us remember the epigraph to the story: “Woe to you, Babylon, strong city,” which echoes the idea of ​​the “White Guard.” Note that the symbolism of the story intensifies and becomes concrete in the context of Bulgakov’s novel. Titles of books and literary images: Faust, “The Queen of Spades”, Onegin, poems by Nekrasov, “Demons” by Dostoevsky, futurists contemporary to Bulgakov. Classic works, eternal images and the plots are given as an integral part of life, part of a culture that is in mortal danger.)

What does the destruction of the House portend?

(The favorite blue set, warmed by the mother’s hands, is broken by the clumsy Lariosik. And this foreshadows misfortune. “It’s a great pity for the set,” says Elena.)

How does the writer warn against destruction?

(Bulgakov breaks the fabric of the narrative with the exclamation: “Never. Never pull the lampshade off the lamp! The lampshade is sacred. Never run like a rat into the unknown from danger. Doze by the lampshade, read - let the blizzard howl - wait until they come to you.”)

The Turbins' house, like Noah's Ark, saves from the turmoil reigning outside the windows, saves everyone who crosses its threshold.

II. Implementation of homework: analysis of key episodes

1. Let us pay attention to the apartment of the Lisovichs, the homeowners, which is more like a hole in which only a mouse feels comfortable (contrasting technique).

(Sounds and smells complement the image of the House, fill it with life: the smell of books and the rustle of pages, the smell of pine needles, the measured chiming of clocks (“tonk-tank”) songs and Nikolka’s guitar.)

What atmosphere reigns in the Turbins' house?

(The Turbins’ house is cozy, warm, and there is an atmosphere of love and care for each other, high culture and spirituality. The atmosphere of the house described in the novel resembles that of the writer’s family. Intellectual interests dominated in the Bulgakovs’ house: everyone was fond of poetry, literature, theater.

We constantly see members of the Turbin family with books: Alexey reads Dostoevsky's Besov, Elena is passionate about Bunin.

Myshlaevsky, Shervinsky, Karas find warmth, understanding and support in the Turbins’ house.)

For what purpose does the writer make a contrast with the House?

(The peace, joy and sense of security of the Turbino house is contrasted with the dead, empty house - the gymnasium. It becomes a symbol of war, death. There is dead peace, “complete and gloomy peace.” There they burn books in the stoves to keep warm, they burn desks (part 1, Chapter 6). Alexei Turbin “suddenly thought that a black cloud had obscured the sky, that some kind of whirlwind had flown in and washed away his whole life, like a terrible wave washes away a pier.”)

In the scene in the gymnasium, the action of the novel reaches its greatest drama.

2. Analyze the behavior of the heroes.

How do the characters in the novel behave?

How is the idea of ​​honor changing?

(The main value turns out to be human life. Colonel Malyshev, in a moment of crisis, takes responsibility and disbands the cadets, saving them. There is no one and nothing to defend “to the last bullet.” All that remains is an attempt to start a peaceful civilian life in this chaos.)

IV. Lesson summary

The novel ends seemingly calmly. The heroes sleep and dream. Hope for the future is in the simple and joyful dream of Petka Shcheglov, a boy from the outbuilding (also House). The writer’s “camera” rises up to the stars: “The sword will disappear, but the stars will remain, when even the shadow of our bodies and deeds will not remain on the earth. There is not a single person who does not know this. So why don't we want to turn our gaze to them? Why?"

Explanatory note The work program is compiled on the basis of the Federal component of the state standard of secondary (complete) education: basic level (2004) and the Literature Program for grades 5-11 (authors V.

Explanatory note

... Lesson development. - M.: Enlightenment. 3. Zolotareva I.V., Mikhailova T.I. Lesson development By Russian literature XIX century. 10 Class. 1st half of the year. - M.: Vako, 2003. 4. Zolotareva I.V., Mikhailova T.I. Lesson development By Russian literature ...

The novel is based on M.A. Bulgakov's "The White Guard", written in 1925, became real events tragic time: civil war in Ukraine. Much is autobiographical here: The city is beloved Kyiv, the address is House No. 13 on Alekseevsky Spusk (in fact, the Bulgakovs lived in house 13 on Andreevsky Spusk, where the M.A. Bulgakov Museum is now). The atmosphere of the Turbin family, large and friendly, but going through difficult times, is also autobiographical.

Turbines love their home, cozy and warm. Its entire environment seems to be inspired by the memories associated with it. The tiled stove in the dining room is a symbol of the warmth of the hearth - “it warmed and raised little Elena, Alexey the elder and very tiny Nikolka.” “The Carpenter of Saardam” was read near the blazing heat of the stove, “the grease played for hours, and always at the end of December there was a smell of pine needles, and multi-colored paraffin burned on the green branches.” Things are valuable not in themselves, but because of what is connected with them: a watch - a memory of a deceased father, “the best cabinets in the world with books that smell of mysterious ancient chocolate”, which speak of the spiritual world of growing children, a bronze lamp under the lampshade gives an idea of ​​the warmth and comfort of the evening twilight." Terrible trials also affected the Turbin family - the mother died, who bequeathed to the children to live together. And the destruction of time could not but affect the usual life: the mother's festive service was used every day, the food for tea. The tiled stove is covered with “historical records” and drawings on topical topics: the revolution, the offensive of Itlura, the expression of political sympathies and antipathies. “It’s anxious in the City, foggy, bad...” And although the tablecloth is “still white and starchy,” because Elena cannot do otherwise, and the flowers affirm “the beauty and strength of life,” one feels that the former comfort is fragile and fragile, that at any moment an insidious enemy “could break the snowy a beautiful city and trample the fragments of peace with your heels.”

It is difficult for children without their mother; they involuntarily feel the possibility of the collapse of their usual good world. “The walls will fall, the alarmed falcon will fly away from the white mitten, the fire in the bronze lamp will go out, and “The Captain’s Daughter” will be burned in the oven.” Turbines value their home; they preserve its traditions and the relationships that have developed in the family. Here the brothers love and take care of their sister, for her sake they agree to tolerate her husband, whom they themselves do not like, and they console Elena when she is worried about her husband. Friends are always welcome here: how frostbitten Myshlaevsky comes to the Turbins’ home after - unsuccessful defense on the approaches to the City, and he is truly received as a welcome guest. Shervinsky, who is caring for Elena, and Karas, Myshlaevsky’s gymnasium friend and colleague, come here. Lariosik, who came from Zhitomir, at first doesn’t understand why he likes it so much in the Turbins’ home, but he likes it here so much that he feels like his soul “comes to life.” External world behind the cream curtains is “dirty, bloody and senseless,” and “wounded souls seek peace perishably behind such cream curtains.” This explanation by Lariosik clearly proves that all the Turbins’ friends value warmth in their home above all. friendly relations, atmosphere of trust, mutual assistance, cordiality of the owners. Even Vasilisa, the apartment owner, greedy and cowardly, in a moment of danger comes to the Turbins for protection and support.

So, the Turbins’ house is not just a home, “my fortress” that Vasilisa dreams of, having been robbed in her own apartment. This is not just the comfort and warmth of home - it is a special atmosphere of love and mutual understanding. In a cruel and disturbing world, this is an island of goodness, a reliable place, protected from dangers, where you can believe that everything will finally be good and happy.

Civil war... Chaos... Shots... Bad weather...

City. A feeling of anxiety that everyone experiences. Fear is in the souls of people. Where can I find peace?

M. Bulgakov brings his heroes into the family. It is she, the Turbin family, who resists the nightmare and horror that reigns in the City. The city is fear. Home is cream curtains and a starched tablecloth. These are the Turbines themselves. Only here, where there are roses on the table, where the woman is a demigod, do people warm up from the cold of the City and find peace and peace of mind.

For Bulgakov, both in life and in books, family is sacred, it is a place where a person finds peace, which he so lacks outside the home. The law of this family is honor. Honor lies not only in loyalty to the fatherland and oath, but also in loyalty and devotion to all family members. And in this Family there is a cult of decency. Decency in everything: both in relation to each other and in relation to those who come to the Turbins’ house.

“The White Guard” is a novel about a terrible storm of civil war that shakes the Turbins’ house, where “the best cabinets in the world with books that smell of mysterious, ancient chocolate, with Natasha Rostova,” Captain's daughter" Books that raised the young Turbins. Comfort, poetry of home, warmth of family... The tiled stove in the dining room becomes almost a symbol of the stability and indestructibility of this family.

At the beginning of the novel, the Turbins suffered grief - their mother died: “Why such an insult? Injustice?" This death is terrible for children, but it is not related to war. Life is death, there’s no escape. But it’s insulting and unfair when the death is absurd and violent. The Turbins’ house survived, although it cracked: “For many years before his death, in house No. 13 on Aleksandrovsky Spusk, the tiled stove in the dining room warmed and raised little Elenka, Alexey the elder and very tiny Nikolka. ... But the clock, fortunately, is completely immortal, the Saardam Carpenter is immortal, and the Dutch tile, like a wise rock, is life-giving and hot in the most difficult times.”

Talberg, Elena's husband, a man alien to the Turbins (just as Berg and Vera herself are alien to the Rostovs), flees the City. Talberg left home and family, but childhood friends came to the house - Myshlaevsky, Shervinsky, Karas. They love this house, they live up to the spirit of this house, they are defenders of the City.

Bulgakov's "White Guard" is full of everyday details, objects that surround the heroes. These are the same “talking” objects as the “book shelf” in village house Larins for Tatiana, “Lord Byron’s portrait” in Onegin’s office, the nanny’s chest on which the girls of the Rostov family confided their secrets to each other. These things are included in spiritual world heroes, but things seemed to have absorbed their mysterious and poetic world. Everyday details are especially important, because any home, any family contains trinkets beloved by each family member, some dear to his heart.

Young Turbin’s life “was interrupted at dawn.” And yet they resisted, withstood internally, preserved what they absorbed into themselves in this house, the house that became Noah's Ark during the flood.

The Turbins’ dying mother, Anna Vladimirovna, bequeathed: “Amicably... live.” And they lived together. They loved each other, loved their home and took care of it. When Elena finally decided to leave the city with her husband (he’s a husband!), she, “thinner and strict,” instantly began packing her suitcase, and the room became “disgusting, like in any room, where packing is chaos, and even worse, when the shade is pulled off the lamp!” The lampshade becomes in the novel a symbol not only of the House, but also of the Soul, human decency, conscience, and honor. Bulgakov writes: “Never run like a rat into the unknown from danger. Doze by the lampshade, read - let the blizzard howl, wait until they come to you.”

What was cursed for decades, ridiculed as philistinism, was contemptuously called “everyday life”, for Bulgakov - the foundation of life, something that cannot be destroyed. Therefore, in the Turbins’ house “the tablecloth, despite the guns and nonsense, is white and starchy.” This is from Elena, who cannot do otherwise, this is from Anyuta, who grew up in the Turbins’ house... In the vase there are blue hydrangeas and two gloomy and sultry roses, “affirming the beauty and strength of life, despite the fact that on the approaches to the City there is an insidious enemy who , perhaps, can break the snowy, beautiful City and trample the fragments of peace with his heels.”

House. Family. "The beauty and strength of life." Behind the cream curtains the world is "dirty, bloody and meaningless." But here they know how to live: dream, read, have fun, make jokes. This House is contrasted with the apartment of engineer Lisovich, in which a mouse disturbed the silence of the night. She “gnawed and gnawed, annoyingly and busily, an old rind of cheese in the buffet, cursing the stinginess of the engineer’s wife, Vanda Mikhailovna.” The cursed Wanda was fast asleep in her cool and damp apartment. Lisovich himself was hiding money in secret places at that time.

In the description of this “house” everything has a minus sign, everything from the apartment to its owners. The bedroom “smelled of mice, mold, and grumpy, sleepy boredom.” This silence of “sleepy boredom” is broken from above from the Turbins’ apartment by “laughter and vague voices” and the sounds of a guitar. The Lisovichs have duplicity and cowardice, cowardice and readiness to betray... But also a readiness to seek salvation from “these” who are from the apartment on the floor above, which means the conviction that “these” will not sell.

It is no coincidence that it was to the Turbins, who personified family peace and comfort, that Lariosik settled in, this little funny man, almost a boy.

There, beyond the threshold of the House, the Family is “alarming.” The author constantly uses this word: “it’s alarming in the City.” Elena’s gaze is alarmed, and Thalberg’s favor is alarming. And this anxiety goes away only when a person comes home. This is why childhood friends Myshlaevsky and Shervinsky appear so often in the Turbins’ house.

Why are heroes so drawn to the Turbin family? Yes, because the basis of family is love. Love for each other, from which grew love for each person. Beneficial family love, which made the house a Home, the family a Family. This is the most important idea in Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard”.

Lesson - workshop in 11th grade

“M.A. Bulgakov. The image of the House in the novel "The White Guard".

Lesson objectives:

show in development the image of the House in M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard”, its philosophical depth and capacity;

consolidate knowledge, skills and abilities in analyzing a work of art;

to develop in students the skills of attentive, thoughtful reading;

develop Creative skills, imagination, ability to work independently;

cultivate love for the Fatherland and moral ideals.

Equipment:

1) M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard”.

Cards with tasks for groups.

On the board are statements by Pestalozzi (Swiss teacher), Byron, M.Yu. Lermontov.

A person, like a bird, does not look for a new nest if he is happy in the old one.

Pestalozzi.

Where they love us, only there is a beloved hearth.

Byron.

Believe me, happiness is only there.

Where they love us, where they believe us!

M.Yu. Lermontov.

During the classes.

I. Q. Guys, what do you think a person (you) needs to be happy? Write it down.

ABOUT.– love - favorite job - understanding

- family - friends - Motherland, etc.

native home

Q. Which of the following can you include in the concept of “Home”? U. How much meaning does this have? in a small word- House! This is the personification of the Motherland, the family hearth, where everything is warmed with love, where we are understood and will always be accepted. The theme of the House is traditional for Russian literature. It sounds especially alarming in the literature of the twentieth century.

V. Which of the Russians writers of the 19th century century, believed that family and home are the source of life, and rewarded his favorite heroes with this happiness? Name a poet of the early twentieth century whose work contains the theme of home?

ABOUT. L.N. Tolstoy believed that home and family bring goodness, peace, and harmony into a person’s spiritual life. The theme of the house is also heard in many of S.A. Yesenin’s poems: “Go away, my dear Rus'...”, “Soviet Rus'”, “The feather grass is sleeping. Dear Plain..”, “Letter to Mother”, etc.

U. The image of the House, practically absent in Soviet prose 20s, one of the main places is allocated in M.A. Bulgakov’s novel “The White Guard”.

II. "Immersion in the text." The class works in pairs, having the right to choose one of the tasks. The guys re-read the text, write down individual words, phrases and sentences, and discuss.

a) Describe the Turbins’ house, noting details that emphasize the stability of life in this family. (chap. 1,2)

b) Tell us about the inhabitants of this House. (Ch.1,2,3)

c) What does the Lisovich house look like? (Ch. 3.15). Can we call it home? capital letters? Why?

d) What is the fate of the House in the whirlwind of war? (Ch. 1,2, 3, 19,20).

e) Read Alexei Turbin’s dream about a mortar (chapter 12). What does it symbolize?

III. Hearing responses. General discussion.

Beauty and tranquility are the main components of the atmosphere of the Turbino House, which is probably why it is so attractive to others. Outside the windows the storm of revolution is raging, but here it is warm and cozy. Here is the black clock in the dining room. Here are “old red velvet furniture”, “beds with shiny cones”, “a bronze lamp with a lampshade”..

You walk through the rooms and inhale the “mysterious” smell of “antique chocolate”, feel the heat of the stove with Dutch tiles. This stove is the center of the home; here the body and soul are warmed up. On the surface of the stove there are inscriptions and drawings made in different time and family members and friends of the Turbins. Here are humorous messages, declarations of love, menacing prophecies, and words with deep meaning- everything that was “rich” in the life of the family at different times.

The inhabitants of the House on Alekseevsky Spusk jealously protect the beauty and comfort of home, the warmth of the family hearth. Despite the anxiety, the tablecloth is “white and starchy”, there are cups with delicate flowers on the table.. There are always calm “cream curtains” on the windows, open notes of the immortal “Faust” on the piano, flowers on the tables, “affirming the beauty and strength of life.”

Life in this House seems to be in defiance of the surrounding unrest, bloodshed, devastation, and bitterness of morals. The stronghold of the Turbino House persists with all its might and does not want to surrender to the revolution. Neither street shooting, nor news of death royal family At first they cannot make its old-timers believe in the reality of the formidable elements. The cold, deathly breath of the blizzard era (both literally and figuratively) first touched the inhabitants of this island of comfort and warmth with the arrival of Myshlaevsky. Then Thalberg's flight. Only then did the household feel the inevitability of the approaching catastrophe. Suddenly the realization came that “the crack in the vase of Turbino’s life” had formed not now, but much earlier, and all the time they stubbornly refused to face the truth, the life-giving moisture, “good water” “was leaving through it unnoticed,” and now it turns out that the vessel is almost empty. The dying mother left her children spiritual testament: “Live together...”, “and they will have to suffer and die,” “their lives were interrupted at dawn.”

The mistress and soul of this House is Elena Turbina-Talberg, “ beautiful Elena", the personification of beauty, kindness, Eternal Femininity. The “Bright Queen” mother conveyed her warmth to Elena, so there, in the huge and alarming City, guns thunder, but here it is always cozy and warm.

From here the dishonest and two-faced Talberg leaves at a “rat’s pace”, and the Turbins’ friends heal their wounded bodies and souls in him. This cozy house gives shelter to the cute eccentric Lariosik. And even the opportunist and coward Lisovich, nicknamed Vasilisa, who hates his neighbors, seeks protection in him.

But “it’s getting scarier and scarier all around. In the north the blizzard howls and howls, but here underfoot the disturbed womb of the earth muffles and grumbles dully.” Step by step, chaos takes over the living space of the House, introducing discord into the “commonwealth of people and things.” War reigns in the House. Here are its “signs”: the smell of iodine, alcohol, ether, a Browning in a box outside the window, the wounded Alexei Turbin. The lampshade is pulled off the lamp, there are no roses on the table, Elenin’s faded bonnet, like a barometer, indicates that the past cannot be returned, and the present is bleak.

The image of a mortar that the wounded Alexey imagines, a mortar that filled the entire space of the apartment, is a symbol of the destruction to which the war exposes the House.

The Turbins had to endure a lot during the winter of 1918/19. But, despite the adversity, at the end of the novel, everyone gathers in their House for a common meal. Laughter and music are heard. The house survived, and that's the main thing.

U. The house on Alekseevsky Spusk, in which the writer settled the heroes of The White Guard, is his childhood home. And since you have mentally visited the Turbins, you can firmly say that you have visited the Bulgakovs. In the very house where the future writer spent his childhood and student youth, and the year and a half that he spent in Kyiv at the height of the Civil War. “The Bulgakov family,” said the writer’s high school classmate K. Paustovsky, “was well known in Kyiv - huge, branched, thoroughly intelligent family. Outside the windows of their apartment one could constantly hear the sounds of a piano, the voices of young people, running, laughing, arguing and singing.” Warm comfort, friendly mutual understanding, and an atmosphere of high intelligence invariably reigned here.

IV. Try to draw a model of the world. What place does the House occupy in it?

(Mars and Venus - World - City - Home)

Model of the universe

Mars Venus

WAR REVOLUTION

CHAOS DESTRUCTION

In the center is the Turbin House, a “quiet haven” that resists all winds and storms.

IN. Why M.A. Does Bulgakov pay so much attention to the image of the House? What does the author claim by this?
ABOUT. Paying so much attention to depicting the life of the Turbins' house, Bulgakov defends eternal, enduring values ​​in his novel - Home, Motherland, Family. The author claims that man is not a steppe plant, tumbleweed, which the autumn wind drives across the steppe. For a full-blooded one, healthy life Everyone needs to love their Family, their Home.

U. The author of “The White Guard” was far from those who in the 20s called for “renouncing the old world” and “destroying it to the ground.” On the contrary, the theme of saving spiritual, moral, cultural traditions, which is embodied in the image of the House, the author poetizes all the best that happened in the past. In the life destroyed by the revolution there was a happy childhood of Bulgakov and his heroes, wonderful books, music, culture, they were kind human relations and, most importantly, they were tall moral principles, according to which even “not a single person should break his word of honor, because otherwise it will be impossible to live in the world.”

V. Let's make a conclusion in four lines:

1) topic; -cosy; HOUSE - warms;

2) description of the topic in - big; - helps;

words-signs(Which); - friendly; - protects;

3) description of the action in - warm, etc. - covers, etc..

4) one word or phrase that summarizes - SHELTER;

what was said . - FORTRESS;

- THE BEGINNING OF TIME;

- BASIS OF BASICS, etc.

VI. Summarizing. Introspection. The goal is to analyze your feelings, thoughts, sensations

1) What did our conversation today make you think about?

2) Did you feel comfortable in the lesson?

3) What new things have you discovered about yourself?

U. The workshop gave me the opportunity to look into myself, into my inner world and think about the good and eternal. The house protects a person from animals, from evil people, all sorts of troubles. It gives warmth, comfort, peace. Saves from cold, rain, wind. In it we sleep, eat, work, nurse children, pray to God, sing songs, tell fairy tales... Home is the whole world. It is very important to have your own Home, without it a person cannot be happy. Do you know any proverbs about Home? (Houses and walls help. My home is my fortress. It’s good when visiting, but at home it’s better. Your own hut is your own womb. A family in a heap is not scary even a cloud.)