The word red has more sounds than letters. Sounds and letters


OPTION 1

Part 1

1) desk 3) Yura

2) skates 4) bouquet

Indicate a pair of words in which the words consist of the same sounds.


1) mouse - quiet

2) soap - Mila

3) meadow - onion

4) sofa - owl


Indicate the word with stress on the first syllable.

1) sorrel 3) beets

2) cement 4) start

1) rock 3) meeting

2) move out 4) welding

Which word is not the same root as the word cold?


1) cold

2) cold

3) refrigerator


When writing which word you need to use the rule: “Check the unstressed vowel at the root with stress.”

1) z_freeze 3) x_trets

2) m_rose 4) garden_k

Specify the word in which the letter z is missing?

1) _do 3) brought_

2) handmade 4) striped

Indicate the word with a preposition.


1) (by)friends

2) (let's) go

3) (along) the shore

4) (along) the coast


In which word is the soft sign (b) missing?


1) violinist_


10. In which version of the highlighted word is the letter and missing?


1) preparation for autumn_

2) read in books_

3) ran on the lawns_

4) sat on the sofa_


11. At the end of which adjective is e written in place of the gap?


1) beyond the distant lake

2) in the blue sea

3) spring warmth

4) from bitter tears


The sun came out and rolled across the blue sky.


1) the sun came out

2) the sun came out and rolled

3) rolled across the sky

4) across the blue sky


Part 2

13. Write down a check word for the missing spelling in the word happy.

Answer: _________________

The branches (1) broke (2) creaked (3) cracked.

Answer:____________________

Part 3

A. In the autumn, an apple fell from her.

B. An apple tree grew in the garden.

B. The birds pecked this apple, and only the grain hid in the ground.

G. And five years later, ruddy apples grew on the new apple tree.

D. In the spring, a small tree grew from a grain.

Answer:_______________

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OPTION 2

Part 1

Which word has more letters than sounds?

1) cup 3) Julia

2) five 4) seagull

2. In which word are only hard consonants pronounced?

1) singing 3) carriage

2) straight 4) wheel

Indicate the word with stress on the second syllable.

1) kilometer 3) call

2) guards 4) document

Which word does not have a prefix?


1) plantain

2) gift

3) shelf


Which word is not the same root as the word fairy tale?


1) fairy tale

2) storyteller

4) fabulous


When writing which word should you use the rule: “Check the unstressed vowel at the root with stress.”


1) p_squirrel

3) youth

4) lazy


In which word should you not write the letter t in place of the gap?


1) hairy

2) forest_nitsa

3) wonderful

4) crunch_nula


In which phrase should the ending and be written in place of the gap?


1) met at the station_

2) played on the playground_

3) dreamed about a trip_

4) arrived at the square_


Indicate the word in which the soft sign (ь) is missing.

1) luggage_ 3) in_went

2) night_noy 4) youth_

10. At the end of which adjective name is the letter i written in place of the gap?


1) on hot sand

2) on fresh grass

3) winter forest

4) on a long trip


11. Which answer option correctly identifies the main members of the sentence?

Resinous cones decorate the tops of fir trees.


1) resinous cones

2) cones decorate

3) tops decorate

4) tops of fir trees

Part 2

Indicate words that are similar in meaning (synonyms).


1) night, stars

2) underground, underwater

3) river, fish

4) heat, heat


The marsh birds flew south.

Answer:_____________

Write down the numbers that should be replaced by commas in the sentence.

The hunters untied (1) the boat (2), put a backpack in it (3), pushed off (4) from the shore (5) and swam.

Answer_________________

Part 3

15. In what order should the lettered sentences appear to form a coherent text? Complete 4 – 6 sentences, continuing the text.

A. Soon they hatched storks.

B. Storks built a nest on an old tree.

V. The storks were happy about the delicious food.

D. From early morning until late evening, their parents brought them frogs and fish from the swamp.

D. They flapped their wide wings gratefully and clicked their strong beaks loudly.

Answer: ________________

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OPTION 3

Part 1

Which word has more sounds than letters?

1) echo 3) yurt

2) stars 4) spruce

2. In which word are only soft consonants pronounced?

2) sow 4) bright

Indicate the word with stress on the third syllable.

1) plant 3) more beautiful

2) thank you 4) store

Which word does not have a suffix?

1) hair 3) pockets

2) teapot 4) birch

Which word is not the same root as the word rocket?

1) rocket 3) rockets

2) rocket launcher 4) rocket launcher

Which word contains the letter o at the root?


1) apartment

2) room

3) builds

4) ran


In which word should the letter t be written in place of the gap?


1) wonderful

2) dangerous

3) interesting

4) lovely


8. In which phrases should the ending -e be written in place of the gap in the highlighted words??


1) errors in notebooks_

2) on the edge of the village

3) rode a horse_

4) rode a horse


Indicate the word in which the separating hard sign (ъ) is missing.

1) in_south 3) edible

2) comrade_ 4) sh_yut

10. At the end of which adjective name is the letter e written in place of the gap?


1) on a thorny branch

2) under fragile ice

3) to the birch grove

4) along high banks


11. In which version are the main members of the sentence correctly indicated?

A noisy flock of finches flew by and disappeared into a birch alley.


1) a flock of finches

2) the flock flew by

3) the flock disappeared

4) the flock flew over and disappeared


12. Specify the word that is opposite in meaning (antonym) to the word powerful (motor)?

1) strong 3) calm

2) weak 4) powerful

Part 2

13. Determine the case of the adjective in the sentence.

The roots of the apple tree draw nutritious juices from the ground.

Answer: _____________

Under the roots of an old oak tree (1) there was a small hole (2) and in the hole (3) a hedgehog was sleeping.

Answer:______________________

Part 3

In what order should the lettered sentences appear to form a coherent text? Complete 4-6 sentences, continuing the text.

A. Suddenly the float jumped in the water and sank.

B. The ear will be good!

B. The fins of the perch are red, and the back is dark green.

G. The fisherman pulled the fishing rod and pulled out a perch.

D. The fisherman threw his fishing rod into the river and waited.

Answer: _____________________

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OPTION 4

Part 1

Which word has four letters and three sounds?



2. Indicate a word that ends in a voiceless consonant.


2) waterfall

3) arrived

4) tractor


1) alphabet 3) kilometer

2) more beautiful 4) store

The composition of which word differs from the composition of the word load?


1) crafts

2) trip

3) little pole

4) gifts


Which word is missing the letter e in its root?


2) holy

3) on the windowsill_

4) baked goods


6. Indicate the word in which the letter d is missing.


1) lopa_ka

2) stick__ka

4) blood


7. In which version is the letter e missing in both words?


1) in books_ and in notebooks_

2) on top_ ate_

3) along the path_ to the gatehouse_

4) on a leaf_ of bird cherry_


Indicate the word with a preposition.


1) (c)run

2) (on) smear


Indicate the adjective in the prepositional case.


1) along the winter (road)

2) on the bottom (toe)

3) evening (twilight)

4) at the rear (wheel)


10. What part of speech word is missing in this sentence??

Foliage flutters in the air.


2) noun

3) adjective

4) preposition


11. In which phrase is the adjective used in a figurative sense?


1) hot coffee

2) hot soup

3) heated argument

4) hot iron


12. Indicate the option in which the main members of the sentence are correctly indicated.

The migratory birds preened their feathers and set off.


1) cleaned the feathers

2) migratory birds

3) the birds cleaned

4) the birds cleaned up and left


Part 2

13. Write down a check word for the missing spelling in the word locality.

Answer:___________________________

Indicate the numbers where commas should appear in the sentence.

In the spring (1) the bullfinch flies into the thicket of the forest (2) makes a nest (3) in the thick paws of spruce trees.

Answer:_______________

Part 3

In what order should the lettered sentences appear to form a coherent text? Complete 4-6 sentences, continuing the text.

A. For a long time the fox tore the drum with its claws, gnawing with its teeth, finally tore the skin and saw emptiness.

B. And then she became bolder and attacked her prey.

B. A hungry fox one day came across an old drum.

D. He lay in the bushes and hummed as the branches hit the stretched skin.

D. Hearing these loud sounds, the fox was at first afraid to approach.

Answer:____________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

OPTION 5

Part 1

Which word has five letters and four sounds?

1) leg 3) gun

2) deer 4) willow

2. Indicate a word that ends in a voiced consonant.


2) story

3) suffix


Which word is stressed incorrectly?

1) took 3) cakes

2) carpenter 4) call

The composition of which word is different from the composition of the word lemon?


1) grass

2) chairs

3) toys

4) note


Specify the word without a preposition.


1) (on) the horizon

2) (under) the tree

3) (covered)

4) (in) gorge


Part 3

OPTION 1

Part 1

Which word has more letters than sounds?

1) desk 3) Yura

Can you give examples of words that have more sounds than letters?

    The word skirt has 4 letters and 5 sounds.

    The word Yula has 3 letters and 4 sounds.

    The word pit has 3 letters and 4 sounds.

    The word apple has 6 letters and 7 sounds.

    The word pit has 3 letters and 4 sounds.

    The word Christmas tree has 4 letters and 5 sounds.

    The word ruff has 3 letters and 4 sounds.

    Words where the vowels I, E, Yu, I appear after a vowel letter, after a separating soft or hard sign, or at the beginning of a word give a double sound. As in the words YARMO - 4 letters, 5 sounds, GALLERY - 7 letters, 8 sounds, APPLE - 6 letters, 7 sounds, coalition - 8 letters, 9 sounds, RSH - 3 letters, 4 sounds.

    To write Slava, where there will be fewer letters than sounds, you need to be guided by the rule of the Russian language, which states that the letters Ya, E, Yu give two syllables. Therefore, in the words: kefir - 5 letters, 6 sounds; klv - 4 letters, 5 sounds; photograph - 10 letters, 11 sounds, hawk - 6 letters, 8 sounds.

    Raccoon yanot, zh yosh, chak seagulls, yula yula, humor yumar. In general, words that either begin with the vowels E or Y, or those letters appear after the vowels. These letters are called diphthongs, that is, letters that have one image but give a double sound.

    The word line, for example, is suitable. Because some vowels make two sounds, but a soft sign does not make a sound. There is also a word, for example, dear. Knowing the rules it’s easy to choose. The word lighthouse is also suitable, as is the word iodine. And the numeral three - it has more sounds than letters, because there are 4 letters and 5 sounds, and these are two sounds at once.

    Words with more sounds than letters: fir-tree, spruce, Julia, amber, jasper, humor, south, lka, ice, icebreaker, anchor, fair, yak, ulcer, devil, hawk, honey, raccoon, poisonous, people, acorn . In all these words, the letters e, i, yu make two sounds and one letter.

    As they taught in Soviet school, there are four vowels in our alphabet, which when pronounced have two sounds, these are: E pronounced (Y-E), pronounced (Y-O), YU pronounced (Y-U) and the last letter I made of two sounds (Y-A). At the same time, there is a rule for the placement of these letters in words; this pronunciation is correct when the word begins with these consonants, or they come after a vowel. Therefore, when we pronounce words using these vowels, we must take into account that there are always or almost always one more sounds than letters. For example, the word BLACKBERRY. Letters: E+F+E+B+I+K+A = 7 letters, sounds: Y+E+ZH+E+V+I+K+A = 8 sounds. At the same time, you see, the first rule, when the letter E comes first, gives two sounds during pronunciation (Y and E), and in its second appearance only one (E), since it comes after the consonant Z. A simpler example: the word RSH. Letters: +Р+Ш = 3; sounds: Y+O+R+Sh = 4. There is another rule with these letters, when the word contains soft or hard signs that do not have their own sounds. In this case, the number of letters and sounds, in the presence of the four vowels listed above, may be the same, or there may even be fewer letters than sounds. Example: word YOUTH. Sounds: И+У+Н+О+С+Ть=6 sounds; letters: Yu+N+O+S+T+L=6 letters. Or a word BLIZZARD. Sounds: M+E+T+E+L=5 sounds; letters: M+E+T+E+L+b=6 letters If we give examples, specific to the question, then examples can be words that have more sounds than letters, such as: YULA, ZHIK, FOOD, LKA, SKIRT, YURTA etc..

    Another rule came to mind, look word BLIZZARD. Yu comes after b, we count sounds: Вь+И+У+Г+А=5, now letters: В+Б+У+Г+А=5 (also five). It turns out that when after a soft or hard sign, two sounds of these vowels are pronounced again, and the b or b signs are lost -)

    In the Russian language there are so-called iotated vowels. These are the vowels e ye, yo, yu yu, ya ya.

    In cases where these letters appear in a word

    at the beginning (core - core - 4 points 5 stars),

    after a dividing hard or dividing soft sign (teeth - zubya - 5 b. 6 stars, entrance - padyest - 7 b. 7 stars - since, although an iotated vowel presses two sounds, there is a letter in the word with a hard sign that sounds does not give);

    After another vowel sound (police - palitsiya - 7 b. 8 sound),

    iotated vowels produce two sounds.

    If a word has an iotated vowel in the above position, and all other letters in the word give one or more sounds, then such a word will have more sounds than letters.

    Such words, in which there are more sounds than letters, are a dime a dozen. There are regularities: words have more sounds if the letters E, Yu, I are at the beginning of the word or after vowel sounds, since they will then denote two sounds.

    Line -- 5 letters, 6 sounds;

    mumi-- 5 letters, 6 sounds;

    dear - 7 letters, 8 sounds;

    lka - 4 letters, 5 sounds;

    Yula - 3 letters, 4 sounds;

    raccoon - 4 letters, 5 sounds;

    yoke - 4 letters, 5 sounds.

    Good afternoon, Question.....Write down words in which: 1 sounds are more than letters; 2 sounds are less than letters. Words: factory, work, shovel.

Unified State Examination tasks A1, A 2 in Russian.

Phonetic analysis of the word. Orthoepic norms

(pronunciation of consonants, stress).

When completing tasks A1 - A2, be sure to pronounce the word, listening to your own pronunciation, and write it down in transcription. Count the letters and sounds or find the required sound(s) in the task.

SAMPLE task: Which word has more letters than sounds?

reed [trasnik] – 8 letters, 7 sounds

easy [l "ohk"y] – 6 letters, 6 sounds

judge [court "ya] – 5 letters, 5 sounds

pure [chistava] – 7 letters, 7 sounds Answer: 1.

To correctly complete tasks to establish stress in words, it is necessary to master the accentological minimum:

alcohol, alphabet, apostrophe, scam, pamper, bows, bartender, unrestrained, blagovest, favor, bochkovy, willow, volgodonsky, water pipeline, gas pipeline, genesis, pear, girlish, hyphen, dispensary, extraction, dogma, contract , contractual, leisure, daughter, slumber, confessor, blinds, enviably, bent, long, frosty, clogged, rusty, ringing, sign, witchcraft, jagged, Playing, Iconography, Spark, catalogue, catharsis, rubber, cough, quarter, ke wood, whooping, college, college, compass, more beautiful, kitchen, flint, hunk, hunk, salmon, masterfully, briefly, meager, ordeal, obituary, oil pipeline, provision, facilitate, wholesale, inform, condemned, uncork, paralysis, plowing, ploe turn black, funeral, predicted, reward, sentence, dowry, force, insightful, pullover, belt, beets, orphans, concentration, funds, statute, carpenter, dancer, cakes, triptych, shoe, Ukrainian, aggravate, facsimile, phenomenon, feti sh, philister, flyleaf, petition, owners, Christian, cement, chain, gypsy, scoop, chassis, scarves, Shakhtinsky, syringes, drivers, sorrel, expert.

1. Which word has more letters than sounds?

1) reed

4) clean

2. In which word are all consonant sounds soft?

1) make sure

2) amateur

3) bitter

4) stalk

3. In which word are all consonants hard?

2) global

3) original

4) simplicity

4. Which word has fewer letters than sounds?

1) torment

2) writer

3) disappear

4) painful

5. Which word has the same number of letters and sounds?

1) explain

2) absence

4) seeker

6. In which word are all consonant sounds soft?

1) fuselage

3) stem

4) sterlet

7. Which word has more sounds than letters?

4) drive up

8. In which word are all consonant sounds soft?

2) degree

4) merge

9. In which word are all consonants unvoiced?

2) lightness

10. Which word has the same number of letters and sounds?

3) statue

11. In which series of words does the stress fall on the first syllable?

1) cement, took, expert

2) hyphen, wholesale, convocation

3) statue, beets, got it

4) cakes, beginning, ringing

12. In which series of words do the number of letters and sounds coincide?

1) blizzard, village

2) swimming, June

3) statue, assistant

4) grammar to

13. Which series of words have more sounds than letters?

1) fighting, passionate

2) tulip, nimble

3) twofold, opposition

4) meaning, phenomenon

14. In which series of words does the stress fall on the second syllable?

1) deepen, catalog, dispensary

2) intention, cork, took

3) accepted, apostrophe, alphabet

4) grandfatherly, caught up, owners

15. In which word does the highlighted letter indicate a hard consonant?

3) academician

16. In which word does the highlighted letter indicate a soft consonant?

2) sandwich

4) medical history

17. In which word does the highlighted letter indicate a soft consonant?

18. Which words have the stress on the first syllable?

1) beginning, chunk, quarter,

2) beets, statue, calling,

3) glimpse, spark, willow,

4) wholesale, scoop, plowing

19. Which words have the stress on the third syllable?

1) uncork, mold, pamper,

2) provision, obituary, petition,

3) apostrophe, dispensary, occupied,

4) blinds, nettle, exhaust

20. In which series of words is [shn] pronounced in place of the letters CHN?

1) bakery, Ilyinichna,

2) scrambled eggs, something,

3) of course, boring,

4) creamy, on purpose

21. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound correctly highlighted?

1) Alcohol

2) confessor

3) catalog

22. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound correctly highlighted?

2) petition

3) mold

4) oil pipeline

23. In which word does the stress fall on the third syllable?

1) deepen

2) force

3) run out

4) more beautiful

24. In which word is the stress not on the first syllable?

1) cough

3) rust

4) scanty

25. In which word does the stress fall on the first syllable?

3) call

26. In which word does the stress fall on the first syllable?

27. In which series do all words have the sound [g]?

1) to the exam room

2) snow, station

3) clay, boots

4) mountain, dialogue

28. In which series do all words have the sound [d"]?

1) tar, rise, wedding

2) podium, wild, sit down

3) leatherette, threshing, diagonal

4) sweet, support, clerk

29. In which series do all words have the sound [z]?

1) later, dawn, umbrella

2) nail, wrist, zenith

3) development, slides, close

4) squeal, do, comma

30. In which series are there no sounds [z] in all words?

1) do, position, bunny

2) cerebellum, building, buzzer

3) decree, fairy tale, come

4) cart, envy, reason

31. In which word is the letter denoting the stressed vowel sound correctly highlighted?

1) chain

2) be encouraged

3) ripped off

Education

Which words have more letters than sounds, and vice versa: more sounds than letters?

September 14, 2016

In Russian, words are not always written as they are heard. It often happens that the number of letters and sounds does not match.

Letter ь

So which words have more letters than sounds? First of all, in those that have b. This letter is written in words to indicate the softness of consonants. And such a sound in an audible word is expressed by one phoneme.

As a result, the word will have more letters than sounds, for example:

  • bathhouse- six b., [ban "ka] - five stars;
  • news- five b., [v"es"t"] - four stars;
  • guest- five stars, [state "t"] - four stars;
  • rain- five b., [dosht"] - four stars;
  • life- five b., [zhyz "n"] - four stars;
  • horse- four b., [con"] - three stars;
  • laziness- four b., [l "en"] - three stars;
  • mole- four b., [say "] - three stars;
  • zero- four b., [nol"] - three stars;
  • password- six digits, [password"] - five stars;
  • role- four b., [roll"] - three stars;
  • herring- six b., [s "el" d"] - four stars;
  • darkness- six b., [t "emin"] - five stars;
  • chain- four b., [tsep "] - three stars.

The separating soft and hard signs, as a rule, do not affect the difference in the number of letters and sounds. This is explained by the fact that the letters e, e, yu, i after b and b denote two phonemes, one of which is [th]. This means that in such words the letters and sounds will remain in equal numbers.

The soft sign influences the difference in the count of phonemes and graphic signs when placed after sibilants. However, it does not affect pronunciation and serves to indicate the grammatical form of the word:

  • 3rd declension nouns: rye[rosh] (four b., three stars), daughter[daughter"] (four b., three stars), brooch[brooch] (five points, four stars);
  • adverbs (except for exceptions: already, married, unbearably): away[other"] (five b., four stars), wide open[nast "esh"] (seven b., six stars);
  • Verbs: help[highlights"] (six b., five stars), don't touch- [trosh"] (five b., four stars), you'll see[pasmotr "ish] (ten b., nine stars).

In these words, as we see, there are more letters than sounds.

Practical task No. 1

We offer several practical tasks to reinforce the material.

1. Do I need to insert ь in place of the ellipsis? Determine which words have more letters than sounds:

  • glazier;
  • fifteen;
  • bow;
  • seven...ten;
  • nyan...chit;
  • bridge;
  • lamplighter;
  • river...ka;
  • five...hundreds;
  • fan...tick.

2. Which words have more letters than sounds?

Elk chews grass, branches, bark. He needs to lick the salt. The forester takes the salt head into the forest and places it on a stump. This is where the moose comes to lick the salt.

2. Is a soft sign placed after hissing ones? Determine which words have more letters than sounds:

  • roof edges...;
  • crying is heard...;
  • impatient... to begin;
  • got married...;
  • cut... bread;
  • forest wilderness...;
  • the air is fresh...;
  • put... a brick...;
  • expanses of pastures...;
  • let's go... at a gallop...;
  • strained… vision;
  • mighty oak...;
  • huge clouds...;
  • you’ll go... to the forest spring for water...;
  • obedient daughter...;
  • eat...those rolls...;
  • open... your cloak...;
  • lie down... on the bench;
  • spread... sandwich;
  • lily of the valley... fragrant...;
  • solve... five problems...;
  • open... the doors wide...

Letters E, E, Yu, Z

In addition to the soft sign that does not indicate sound, there are letters that serve as graphic signs of two phonemes. It depends on their position in the word. After soft consonants, they indicate their palatalization (softening) and do not in any way affect the difference in the number of letters and sounds. Another thing is in other provisions:

  • at the beginning of a word: ate[yel] - two b., three stars;
  • after vowels: loan[loan] - four points, five stars.

Here are examples where there are more sounds than letters. Let us recall that after b and b also [th] appears. But this does not affect the difference between the sound and graphic expression of a word.

Practical task No. 2

1. Determine which words have the same number of phonemes and their graphic symbols:

  • two-tier pavilion;
  • drove into the entrance;
  • curious monkey;
  • three-story house;
  • pre-exam anxiety;
  • irreparable defect;
  • bear paws;
  • pre-anniversary activities;
  • television filming;
  • drink broth;
  • bird feathers;
  • strong blizzard.

2. Find words that have sounds and letters in different quantities.

Do you think there is bird milk? However, this is not unusual at all. Ordinary pigeons feed their chicks with bird's milk. It appears in the crop of pigeons and resembles a white pulp. It is also called goiter. In pigeons it is not secreted for long - eighteen to twenty days.

Unpronounceable consonants

In addition to the above phonetic phenomena, sounds and letters are contained in different quantities in words with unpronounceable consonants:

  • imperious [powerful] - eight points, seven stars;
  • sun [sontse] - six points, five stars;
  • festive [holiday] - eleven points, ten stars;
  • famous [izv"esny] - nine b., eight stars.

If there are unpronounceable consonants, then these are words where there are more letters than sounds.

It must be remembered that the spelling “unpronounceable consonants” must be checked with a strong position. In some cases there are no such letters:

  • terrible [terrible] - seven b. and seven stars;
  • peer [rov "esn"ik] - eight b., eight stars;
  • delicious [fkusny] - seven b., seven stars.

Double consonants

There is also such a thing as double and double consonants. If they are present in a word, we will also have a discrepancy in the quantitative composition of sounds and letters, for example:

  • television antenna [antena] - seven points, six stars;
  • friendly team [kol "ikt"if] - nine points, eight stars;
  • old yeast [shivering] - six points, five stars;
  • artificial crystal [kr "istal] - eight b., seven stars.
  • station [station] house - eleven points, ten stars;
  • glass [st"ikl"any] - ten points, nine stars.

These words have more letters than sounds.

Changing the quality of sounds

Simplification is often observed in words where consonants occur. Then, instead of several sounds, one is pronounced, which differs in quality from the original ones. For example:

  • hidden from view [skryvaitsa] - ten b. and nine stars;
  • great athlete [sportsman] - nine points, eight stars;
  • city ​​[Garatsk] resident - nine b., eight stars.

Practical task No. 3

1. Determine which words have more letters than sounds:

  • feel disappointed;
  • participate in competitions;
  • inappropriate question;
  • peer of my parents;
  • long eyelashes;
  • private person;
  • dangerous age;
  • rainy day;
  • delicious dishes;
  • linden alley;
  • quarrel with friends;
  • captured territory;
  • file an appeal;
  • art;
  • delicious cake.

2. Dictation.

It rained at night, but in the morning the weather was wonderful. Peers and peers walked to school. Everyone was in a joyful mood. Not far from school, the children smelled the distinct scent of roses. These were the blooming bushes that the graduates had planted back in May.

The Russian language is one of the richest, most complex and interesting world languages. It contains a large number of rules and is fraught with many traps. For example, there are words in which there are more sounds than letters, and vice versa: there are more letters, but fewer sounds. Such words are sometimes difficult to transcribe. To correctly determine the content of sounds, you need to know how to do sound-letter analysis (analysis) of a word.

What is sound-letter analysis

Analysis involves two components: sounds and letters. First, the transcription is written - this is a recording of the audio content. An exact recording is made of how it is pronounced and heard. When working, you should remember that such “e”, “e”, “yu”, “ya” in different positions of the word can denote two sounds. These vowels are called iotized. And in words where they are present, there will be more sounds.

Yotated vowels in different positions

  • at the beginning of the word: spruce – [th ’ e l ’ ]
  • after other vowels: cabin – [k a y ’ u t a]
  • after the dividing “b” and “b”: curiosity - [k u r ’ y ’ o s ] and flaw - [i z ’ y ’ a ]
  • after consonants: hatch – [l ’у к]

And also, in the Russian alphabet there are two letters that do not have a sound, these are “ъ” and “ь”. A soft sign after a consonant softens it. In addition, it is a morphological feature in feminine nouns of the third declension. In this case, of course, there will be less sounds.

Pronunciation of iotated vowels

There are four such vowels in the Russian alphabet., which were discussed earlier in the article. In transcription, they denote two sounds, which is why the number of sounds in a word predominates over the letter. The letter E is pronounced like Y and E; E as Y and O; Yu as Y and U; I'm like Y and A.

Mysterious letter E

In Soviet times, and even now, the letter E was not printed in many printed publications. The letter was first mentioned back in 1783, when one of the first meetings of the Academy of Russian Literature took place, in which the director of the Academy, Princess Ekaterina Dashkova, as well as some well-known writers of that time, Fonvizin and Derzhavin, took part. Catherine was the first to propose officially including the letter E in the Russian alphabet, and no one objected to her.

A new wave of fame for the letter rose thanks to N. M. Karamzin in 1797. He was preparing another poem for publication and put E in “tears” instead of E. This was the first time E appeared in a printed publication.

Even such an influential figure from Soviet times as Stalin was involved in the story. It happened like this: German maps fell into his hands, where the names of Russian settlements were marked with maximum accuracy. The village of Demino was exactly DEMino, not DEMino. The leader appreciated the pedantry and attentiveness of the enemy. As a result, on December 25, 1942, Stalin issued a decree stating that the letter E should appear wherever it occurs.

Some facts about the letter E:

  • in 2013, Yo celebrated her anniversary - she turned 230 years old;
  • in Russian, Yo is used in almost 13 thousand words;
  • sometimes omissions in the words Yo spoil the meaning: for example, “let’s take a break” and “let’s take a break,” isn’t it funny?
  • Yo occupies the lucky 7th place in the alphabet.

Phonetic principle of Russian spelling and graphics

The sound-letter analysis of a word is based on the phonetic principle. Its essence is that words should be depicted in writing as they are pronounced. The key element here is consistency. It is no secret that in any language there are two forms of its use - written and oral. Language appears and spreads between people and nations in the initial stage in oral form, then, with its successful development, written elements and graphic images of sounds appear.

Graphic arts - this is the content of the descriptive elements of any type of writing. In addition to letters, graphics also include punctuation marks, spaces and accents. The graphics keep the correspondence between the letter and sound meanings of words. Letters are what we read and depict in writing, and sounds are what we hear and speak. There are 6 vowel sounds in the Russian alphabet, and there are 10 letters denoting them; There are 36 consonants and 21 letters.

In addition to writing and analysis, knowledge of iotated vowels is used in the field of vocal studies. The singer must always ensure that the iotated vowel is pronounced as a combination of two sounds. For example, when stretching out “I,” the long vowel “a” must be pronounced, otherwise the sound will not be fully revealed, which will lead to the entire word sounding bad. The vocal sound of the vowel may not achieve complete freedom of expression. Iotated vowels always have a special bright color, the full disclosure of which brightens up the pronunciation. But when chanting, these vowels should still be used with extreme caution and due skill, while concentrating on the sound.



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