Content
Introduction…………………………………………………………….…….2
1. The modern American, what he really is………………….…..3
2. National characteristics of relationships with Americans…………………………………………………… ………..…………..4
2.1Business etiquette in America……………………………………………………………..4
2.2 Americans in business negotiations……………………………………………………...6
3. Recommendations for communicating with country representatives…….…….…7
3.1 Classification of culture according to R. Lewis and E. Hofstede…………….……7
3.2 How to behave with Americans……………………………………………………11
Conclusion………………………………………………………………… …………………...15
References……………………………………………………………..16

Introduction
At the turn of the second and third millennia, it becomes more obvious that humanity is developing along the path of expanding interdependence of different countries, peoples and their cultures.
Cultural diversity is not something that will disappear tomorrow, giving us the opportunity to make plans on the assumption that we understand each other. This phenomenon itself holds riches, the study of which can bring immeasurable benefits not only by broadening our horizons, but also by increasing the effectiveness of our business strategies. People of different cultures use the same basic concepts, but put different meanings into them. This determines the characteristics of their behavior, which often seems to us irrational and the opposite of what we consider obvious. The behavior of other peoples has its reasons. It has its own characteristic features, patterns and traditions.
Attention to the cultural roots and national characteristics of other people, both in society and in business, will allow us to anticipate and accurately calculate how they will react to our proposals. Moreover, we will be able to predict their attitude towards us to a certain extent. Practical knowledge of the basic features of other cultures will minimize unpleasant surprises and give us the necessary understanding that will allow us to overcome past difficulties in communicating with representatives of other countries.

1. The modern American, what he really is.

The United States as a state entity has been assessed differently in different historical periods - sometimes with sympathy, sometimes with indignation, sometimes with admiration, sometimes with fear - but the character of the inhabitants of this country caused unequivocal rejection. Excessive efficiency, greed, selfishness, combined with ignorance, rudeness, lack of spirituality and lack of good manners - such traits have been attributed to Americans from time immemorial.
In general, Americans are mere children: loud-mouthed, curious, they don’t know how to keep secrets, they are not distinguished by sophistication, and they behave indecently in society.
An outsider can easily become stupefied by the mere American loud friendliness, especially in the central and southern states. As soon as you find yourself on a plane in the seat next to an American, he will immediately start addressing you in a familiar manner, asking, “Well, how do you like the United States?” This does not mean at all that the next day he will be able to remember your name. American friendliness is a kind of physiological need. They love to love their neighbor and love to be loved. However, the traveler wisely quickly understands that a few happy minutes in the company of an American do not oblige him to anything at all. Americans are terribly afraid that they will be obliged to do something. This is a nation for which the most stable form of human relationships is superficial acquaintance.
The scale and scope are characteristic of Americans. Everything should be the best for them. Their feelings, speech, emotions - everything is a little exaggerated. Thus, the comprehensive cries of American tourists have been getting on the nerves of the population of different countries of the world for many years. At the same time, they need to be shown only “the most” - the oldest church, the largest painting, the loudest bell, the most expensive palace.
Optimism is an integral part of the American lifestyle. Whatever happens in your life, everything is fine, otherwise it could not be. “Don’t worry, be happy!” They persuade the average American from the TV screen. The famous American form of greeting sounds like a password and feedback: “How are you?”, the answer must certainly be: “Everything is fine!” and nothing else. Simplicity and naivety distinguish the inhabitants of the United States. They are characterized by a childish perception of the world, in which there is only black and white, good and evil, truth and lies, and no halftones, and American values ​​are always true.
The naivety of the Americans is especially noticeable when they encounter the Russians. They so sincerely believe in the infallibility and correctness of their system that they are not able to sense the untruth, even with all their commercial acumen. A serious elderly businessman with tears in his eyes talked about a poor artist from Russia who, having arrived in America, converted to a new faith because, upon entering their church, “he felt some kind of burning in his chest, as if a flame had burst out there.” . The fact that this transition also meant a residence permit, financial assistance and even a roof over his head was in no way associated with the moment of “enlightenment” for the businessman.

2. National characteristics of relationships with Americans
National business culture primarily includes the norms and traditions of business ethics, standards and rules of business etiquette and protocol.
2.1.Business etiquette in America
The style of interaction in the US business world is characterized by pragmatism, disregard for tradition, brevity and the strength of the word given by the partner. Individuality and individual rights are important to Americans. In any crisis situation, it is important for an American to look healthy, energetic and confident. Americans do not hide their passion for money. They will certainly tell you what it costs and how much they receive per year. This figure is usually exaggerated somewhat.
Work for an American should be interesting, enjoyable and not burdensome. Attitudes to work on the East and West coasts are fundamentally different. In California, Americans try to look like they are not working at all, but in the east it is customary to show that you are working hard.
Americans are accustomed to taking every phrase literally. Irony, hidden meaning or linguistic subtleties will confuse them. They have difficulty understanding subtle hints. So don't overload your interlocutor. Americans themselves always say what they think, even when it is best to remain silent.
The business etiquette of American marketing, advertising or PR colleagues is based on professionalism and respect. If Americans arrange a business meeting, then it is certainly aimed at solving problems, and not at friendly conversations. You should ensure that information about your firm and the necessary documentation are distributed before negotiations begin to avoid wasting time.
Americans prefer to have reliable information about those with whom they come into contact (in particular, they insist on providing information about the participants in the negotiations: who works, where and by whom), information about education, published works, inventions, academic degrees, etc.
In the US, you will find that any business meeting is quite intense, has a specific purpose and rarely lasts longer than an hour. Americans immediately jump into action and open discussion to try to find common interests and develop a strategy for cooperation.
In order to successfully negotiate with US partners and leave the most favorable impression, you need to understand that American business is not “family friendly”. Americans themselves usually do not hire family members or friends into their firms and do not enter into business relationships with them. The main thing that interests Americans is fair deals or mutually beneficial relationships - as they themselves call them. Trust in the States is not based on friendship or connections, but is built through fair play, sound business practices and good will. It must be remembered that there are no special terms of transactions or trade secrets for Americans. Any hints may cause distrust of partners.
The law is doubly harsh if you are in America. Even the smallest illegal business transaction often results in lawsuits, huge fines and even imprisonment.
No one is more afraid of people with a bad reputation than Americans. Only on the screens do we see the cool showdowns between American businessmen. In reality, pressure tactics had virtually no place in American business in the 1990s and early part of the new century. Your reputation will be built on open transactions with all partners.
First of all, you need to gain the trust of the Americans. To do this, you need to prove that your company is strong and stable both financially and professionally. In addition, it is important to show that in business - your company is interested not only in money, but also in social responsibility (caring for workers, for society), which is now considered the main requirement for business in America. After all, socially irresponsible activities can even land you in the dock. Therefore, American companies employ low-income people, participate in city improvement projects, lobby the city government to improve the living conditions of the city’s low-income population, etc.
The peculiarities of the behavior of business Americans are determined by national character traits, the education system and ideas about the dominant position of the United States in the world. The American education system is designed in such a way as to develop in citizens a sense of independence, independence, the ability to compete and win everywhere and in everything. Success is often measured by the amount of money earned.
The life of an American is a schedule that is drawn up for every day and strictly followed. YOU have probably seen refrigerators hung with everything in American films. That’s where each family member’s plans for the coming week are attached with a magnet. That’s why Americans are very punctual and are never late for business meetings. The time of such meetings and negotiations is strictly limited - no more than an hour. At the same time, Americans are convinced that their partner should be guided by the same rules.
2.2.Americans in business negotiations
During business negotiations, Americans are characterized by a good mood, energy, and an outward display of friendliness. They appreciate jokes and respond well to them.
Each individual American who occupies a high position in a company has more freedom in making final decisions than representatives of other countries. Therefore, you will be faced with the fact that American partners will try to impose their rules of the game, showing a certain aggressiveness. You need to remember three rules in negotiations: analyze - divide responsibilities - check execution.
Usually negotiations take place one on one. Proposals are discussed from a general issue, and then gradually move on to details. Details in the USA are very important, because... For Americans, there are no small details when organizing any business. Your partners will not waste time on formalities. They will immediately get to the heart of the matter, while showing healthy pragmatism. Try to avoid any pauses in the conversation. Americans are ready to ask a whole tirade of straightforward questions at any moment. During negotiations, the Americans will push you. They may constantly ask you to speed up your response to their proposal or to rush into making a decision. For an American, the main thing is success - after all, success is followed by new success.
During negotiations, Americans can put their foot on an adjacent chair or table or cross their legs so that the shoe of one foot is on the knee of the other (usually in America gays sit cross-legged, so it’s better not to do this).
There are far more women in the US business world than in any other country. You should treat them like business partners and not just ladies. In the United States, excessive gallantry is not accepted in the business atmosphere. You should avoid questions of a personal nature and do not try to find out whether a woman is married.
Americans communicate with each other by name, regardless of age or status. So don't be offended. At first glance, this gives communication or negotiations with Americans a friendly character and an informal atmosphere. This is often the case.
If you receive an invitation from an American to his house, this is a good sign. You were noticed and appreciated. In this case, it is worth bringing a gift - a souvenir or a bottle of wine. Although business gifts are not accepted here, they can be perceived as a bribe, and in America they do not joke about this. At the table they often drink cocktails and beer. You can talk with Americans about family, hobbies, sports, but we do not advise you to get involved in religious or political discussions.
If your American partners trust you, they will certainly invite you to join the company, or arrange a vacation outside the city or even at a resort. Moreover, the costs in such cases are borne by the American company.
Americans are supporters of a healthy lifestyle and balanced nutrition. Middle-aged and older people try to minimize foods containing cholesterol and prefer fruits and vegetables. Although traditional American food is very popular. Americans do not welcome smoking.

3. Recommendations for communicating with country representatives
3.1.Classification of American culture according to R. Lewis and E. Hofstede
E. Hofstede's model.
4 groups of business culture parameters:

attitude to time
attitude towards nature
interpersonal relationships
types of corporate cultures

Attitude to time

Different business cultures approach time differently. It is obvious, however, that successful management of an organization is difficult if the employees involved in it feel and evaluate time differently. The success of cooperation often depends on how well business partners from different countries treat time equally.
Business cultures are divided into polychronic and monochronic. The USA is a representative of monochronic cultures. An important psychological attitude in American business is consistency and concentration on one thing at a time. Americans take time seriously. Accuracy and punctuality are considered a virtue and an essential attribute of serious business. Dealing with several issues at the same time is considered bad manners and an inability to organize oneself.
American time is the most valuable in the world. For Americans, time is money in the full sense of the word. In general, focused on multiplying profits, time is a precious and even rare commodity. It flows as quickly as a mountain river in the spring, and if you want to get income from it, you have to move quickly after it.
Americans are active people; idleness is unbearable for them. The past is no longer there, but the present can still be grabbed and made to work for you in the near future.
The time looks like this: (Fig. 1)
past present Future

And here’s what the American does with it (Fig. 2)

In America you have to make money or you are nothing.
In different countries and national cultures, a person internalizes a certain value system within the framework of family, school and work. And one of the components of this system is always the attitude towards collectivism and individualism. In some societies and cultures, collectivist approaches and principles certainly prevail in the value system; in others, the emphasis is on individualistic aspirations and aspirations of the individual. Often, when characterizing a particular society, they say: “this is a society of collectivists,” or “this is a society of individualists.”
E. Hofstede divides cultures into collectivist and individualist.
Collectivism refers to a value system in which a person perceives himself as part of a group, and only then as an individual.
In an individualistic value system, the individual comes first.
The United States is characterized by the maximum degree of individualism.
Americans openly express critical remarks to their colleagues. Employees in the service are promoted and hired solely on their own merits. In organizations at work, management is focused on the individual rather than the group. Every American in his work is focused on personal success and career. The United States has a high level of press freedom.

Power distance

Power distance refers to inequality in the distribution of power in a society or organization, which is perceived by members of society as normal and taken for granted, and in which members of society feel particularly comfortable.
The United States is characterized by a low degree of power distance.
In work, hierarchy is not perceived as a natural state or the only possible basic principle for constructing an organizational structure. Hierarchy is just a temporary role inequality, necessary for the convenience of management, increasing its efficiency. Therefore, the manager, as soon as he leaves the office, usually ceases to be a boss for his subordinates and turns into an ordinary John, Pete, etc. In this regard, the best boss is a competent democrat endowed with additional resources (both administrative and financial related to the position, as well as personal talents and abilities).
The perception of hierarchy as a temporary role inequality determines a different nature of boss-subordinate interactions. There is practically no difference between a friend and a colleague in America. At work, everyone, with rare exceptions, calls each other by name.

Masculinity and femininity

Masculinity is a commitment to such values ​​as records, heroism, perseverance, goal achievement, material success, etc.
Femininity is a commitment to such values ​​as building equal relationships, a tendency to compromise, modesty, caring for one’s neighbor, comfort, quality of life, etc.
The USA is a country with a masculine culture. In her value system, work is usually considered more important than household functions, although it is for the sake of family prosperity. A leader is respected for strength, speed of decisions, large-scale approaches, and rigidity.
Characteristic features of the “masculinity” of American culture:

career and material well-being are the main indicators of success
The emphasis, even among friends, is on competition and high results
Americans actually live to work (rather than work to live)
a good leader should not consult with the team and resolve issues.

At work, assertiveness, self-confidence, acumen, and penetrating ability are encouraged. The ability to present oneself well is highly valued. Loud, endless stories repeated in different situations about your own successes, about how much you have done for the company, are a familiar part of the ritual, an important element of the characteristic culture. The emphasis and motivation of actions and stories is a further successful career.
Americans believe that work should be interesting, enjoyable, and, if possible, not burdensome.
American values: dynamism, the ability to act independently and in one’s own interests, persistently achieve what you claim and not give up what you own, success awaits everyone who is not devoid of initiative and talent, failure is not a complete failure, always there is a land of opportunity.
American management symbolizes the vitality and courage of a free enterprise country.
In most cases, they retain the spirit of pioneers: they are determined, aggressive, goal-oriented and action-oriented, self-confident, energetic, optimistic about life, ready for change, accustomed to achieving their goals through hard work, always able to work in a team and be a bearer of corporate spirit, but They value personal freedom more than the well-being of their company, and they are primarily interested in career success.
Uncertainty avoidance
Uncertainty avoidance is the degree of uncertainty, instability of ambiguity, which in a given culture is perceived as normal and in which members of society feel comfortable. Different business cultures have different perceptions of uncertainty in life and business. Some business cultures tend to avoid uncertainty as much as possible, while others do not.
American business culture is characterized by a low degree of uncertainty avoidance - Americans do not like organization, which extends to both written and verbally formed rules. Both standard and formal provisions are kept to a minimum whenever possible.

Classification of business cultures according to R. Lewis .
Lewis identifies the following business cultures: monoactive, polyactive and reactive.
Americans are very monoactive, i.e. They do one thing at a given time, completely focus on it and complete it according to a predetermined schedule. They believe that with such an organization of work they will be able to act more efficiently and have time to do more.
Americans systematically plan their future, work at fixed times, rarely interrupt during conversations, and respect formality.
American managers will demonstrate and acquire technical skills, rely primarily on facts and logic, and not on feelings and emotions, they will be transaction-oriented, and focus their attention on subordinates on immediate task results. They are organized, stick to an agenda, and inspire subordinates with careful planning.
3.2. How to deal with Americans
American businessmen have a reputation for being the toughest business people in the world, yet they are in many ways easier to deal with. This is because their philosophy is simple. Their goal is to earn as much as possible and as quickly as possible, using such means as hard work, speed of action, opportunism and power (including the power of money itself) to achieve this goal. When making business decisions, they, as a rule, are not guided by sentiment and believe that the dollar, even if not God, is at least omnipotent. This single-minded pursuit of profit by Americans is often perceived as ruthless.
If you wish to establish business contacts with Americans, you SHOULD:

Try as quickly as possible to prove your practical significance and ability to do things well. Without real evidence of such skill, in the eyes of an American, you are, if not an empty place, then at least a person who means very little, and therefore there is no point in doing business with you.
It is okay to appear rational and practical in everything you do. For Americans, such character traits seem to be perhaps the most important.
Show confidence, determination, but in no case recklessness. Americans highly value determination in people.
Stick to the “golden mean”. Americans, as a rule, are not characterized by extremes and maximalism.
Be direct, simple, even maybe rude or simple-minded (this is forgivable). Americans have all these qualities and are happy to see them in others.
To be businesslike, not businesslike (they can easily distinguish the difference between businesslike and businesslike). Moreover, you should try not to seem too serious. Americans try to do serious business with deliberate ease.
Be neat, punctual and obligatory. Although Americans are not always like this, they like to see these traits in others.
Show yourself as a person of strong convictions (even if they do not coincide with the convictions of an American), but principled, capable of proving that he is right. This is one of the most important American values.
Behave uninhibitedly, freely (but not untied), if possible, do not demonstrate your complexes. Americans either don’t have them at all or skillfully hide them from outsiders.
Learn that any manifestation of dependency or freeloading can cause nothing but disgust in an American.
Remember that Americans are not superstitious; all mysticism is alien to them. Suspicions that you believe in all this are unlikely to increase your prestige in the eyes of Americans. They believe in God “earthly”, “sensibly”.
Always do not forget about compliments on occasion and without them, words of gratitude and stable phrases, apologies, etc. Sometimes it seems that for Americans all this courtliness is not only a tribute to politeness, but also an exploration of a certain ritual that they absorbed with their mother’s milk.
Smile more often, as casually and naturally as possible. Americans are true virtuosos of such smiles.
Be prepared for the fact that the American forgot about your existence the next day after a warm, serious meeting, during which it seemed to you that you had acquired a true friend for many years.
Show special interest in the American’s family, take an interest in the photographs of his wife and children that are always with him, and, if possible, admire them. An American will regard these signs of attention to his family as a sign of true affection for himself.
Present yourself as a good family man. This will increase your rating in the eyes of an American, even one who changes lovers endlessly and cannot count the children scattered across all American states.

If you wish to establish business contacts with Americans, you SHOULD NOT:

Complain about the country in which you live, the life you lead, the government in power, etc., because from the American point of view, it is your own fault that you live this way, that you have such a government, that you have such laws, etc.
Show off, waste money and time. For an American, this is the ultimate manifestation of stupidity.
Appearing lightweight and gullible, which for Americans is also the characteristics of narrow-minded people.
Bare your soul, confess your secrets, be frank. All this will seem empty and stupid to an American, because you cannot be frank with someone you don’t know well enough.
Being overly emotional, fussy, unrestrained, choking on words, etc.
Show dreaminess, romance, seem to have your head in the clouds. To Americans, such character traits seem simply provincial.
Being too zealous about being liked, being helpful, etc. These traits are alien to Americans.
Praise everything American without a choice. Americans are sober and, for all their patriotism, look at their shortcomings quite realistically and sometimes with a sense of humor.
Trying to outwit the American. Your success in this enterprise can only be temporary. By and large, this idea is obviously doomed.
Demonstrate one's superiority over Americans in anything (knowledge, ability to do something, etc.) Over many decades of their history, Americans have become accustomed to honoring themselves first in everything. They have their own “complex” about this
This point is inextricably linked with the previous one. You shouldn't teach an American. He, like a polite person, will thank you warmly, but he won’t like it.
etc.................

Specifics of etiquette of the United States of America

Introduction

Specifics of etiquette in the USA

1. Features of the American nation

2. Characteristics of a typical American

3. Business etiquette in the USA

4. Behavior in an informal setting

Conclusion

Introduction

The relevance of the topic I have chosen lies in the fact that knowledge of some of the features of the American culture and etiquette of various nations can help in communicating with their representatives and feel more comfortable in unusual conditions.

The purpose of the test is to study etiquette in the USA.

To achieve this goal, it is necessary to solve a number of problems:

Consider the characteristics of the American nation.

Study the specifics of business etiquette in the USA.

Consider the communication of Americans in an informal setting.

Etiquette in a broad sense is understood as a set of rules of behavior relating to the external manifestation of attitude towards people, treatment of others, forms of addresses and greetings, norms of behavior in public places, manners and clothing. It is also possible to consider etiquette as a set of rules of behavior accepted in certain social circles (for example, in diplomatic circles, etc.). In a narrower sense, etiquette is a form of behavior, treatment, rules of courtesy accepted in a given society.

According to public opinion polls, the prevailing belief among large sections of the US population is that the values ​​of ethical behavior are steadily declining. Therefore, organizations, firms, managers and entrepreneurs at all levels should make every effort to improve the ethics of business communication, using various ways and means, including training in the ethics of business communication.

When writing the test, I used educational materials from domestic authors, such as V. N. Lavrinenko, V. V. Kobzeva, A. V. Opalev. and etc.

1. Specifics of etiquette in the USA

1 Features of the American nation

The American nation emerged at the end of the 17th century. Its core consisted of the British, Irish, and Welsh, who later mixed with the Dutch, Swedes, Germans, French, Danes, etc.

It was the British who brought here their language and many features of their way of life and culture. The consolidation of the American nation is not yet complete. The descendants of immigrants from various countries of Europe, Asia, and Latin America are at different stages of assimilation, maintaining certain differences to this day.

A special place in the formation of the Americans as a nation was occupied by Africans, who originally came here as slaves, and the small indigenous population of the country - the Indians.

American culture is relatively young compared to many European, Asian, or Middle Eastern cultures. Americans have had a significant influence on negotiating styles around the world. The second half of the 20th century is sometimes called the “era of negotiations,” and it coincided with the growing influence of the United States on the development of international business, economic and political relations. Americans have introduced a significant element of democracy and pragmatism into the practice of business communication.

2 Characteristics of a typical American

American business etiquette

Americans are individuals. Individuality and individual rights are the most important thing for an American. This quality can be seen as a manifestation of selfishness, but it forces Americans to respect other individuals and insist on equality.

They are self-sufficient and independent. From early childhood, Americans get used to “standing firmly on their own two feet,” that is, relying only on themselves. Americans are straightforward people, they value honesty and frankness in people, they quickly get to the point of the conversation and do not waste time on formalities.

Americans do not like stiffness, prefer comfortable, casual clothes, and address each other simply, informally, even if there is a big difference in age and social status between the interlocutors.

Americans love to compete, they value achievements and records very much, and they constantly compete with each other. Although this behavior is natural for them, from the outside it may seem domineering and intrusive.

Americans are friendly, but in their own way. American friendships rarely last long; they have more practical aspects. They are less stable than other cultures, and they do not like to depend on other people. They “rank” friendships and single out “work friends,” “sports friends,” “leisure friends,” and “family friends.” However, Americans can also be loyal and devoted friends.

Americans ask a lot of questions. Some American questions may seem basic and straightforward. You may also be asked very personal questions. This is how their genuine interest usually shows.

Many people consider Americans to be materialists. “Success” is often measured by the amount of money earned. However, there are enough people among the American intelligentsia who reject this approach.

Americans are energetic. This society is characterized by high activity, movement, and change. Americans are irritated by silence. They don't like interruptions in conversation. They would rather talk about the weather than pause in conversation.

The business American is not petty or pedantic by nature. But he understands that there are no trifles in organizing any business. Therefore, he prepares for negotiations carefully, taking into account all the elements on which the success of the business depends. An indispensable quality of an American businessman is compliance with three rules: analyze, separate functions (responsibilities), check execution. These rules are considered a condition of qualified leadership. Specialization is the motto without which no business begins.

Americans value time and value punctuality. In American culture, the time factor is of particular importance. There, all actions and deeds are strictly scheduled in time and a corresponding amount is allocated for each of them. As Hall noted: “For Americans, time allocation is an indicator of how people relate to each other, how important things are to them, and an indicator of their position in society.”

They use diaries and live according to a schedule. They definitely show up for their appointment. On the East Coast of the country (from Washington to Boston) this rule is strictly followed - lateness is unacceptable and cannot be justified in any way, but in the west of the country this is much more tolerant. Negotiations can be very short - from half an hour to an hour and, as a rule, are one-on-one.

The pragmatism of Americans is manifested in the fact that during business conversations and negotiations they focus their attention on the problem to be discussed, and they strive to identify and discuss not only general possible approaches to a solution, but also details related to the implementation of agreements. In business communication, Americans are energetic and inclined to work intensively. This is facilitated by the entire system of education and upbringing that exists in the United States. From school, children are encouraged to be assertive, to have the ability to set and achieve goals, and to firmly defend the interests of the companies they represent.

American pragmatism is largely ensured by objective factors. As a rule, US representatives have a fairly strong position in negotiations, and this cannot but affect the technology of their conduct: the Americans are quite persistent in trying to realize their goals, they can and love to “bargain”. When solving problems, Americans pay great attention to linking various issues - “package” solutions. They themselves often offer “packages” for consideration. They are characterized by discussing first the general framework of a possible agreement, and then the details.

3 Business etiquette in the USA

Americans are business people who are not prone to ceremony, so their business etiquette is simple and democratic. He allows for a strong handshake, a friendly “Hello!”, pats on the shoulder, and the use of extremely abbreviated names. Americans are hardworking, their hard work is scope, energetic assertiveness, inexhaustible business passion, initiative, rationality, good quality.

In America, you can’t call someone at work and say that you won’t come because you’re not feeling well. The working day begins at nine in the morning and ends at five in the evening. 25 minutes are allotted for lunch, provided that a replacement employee is available for this time. Shops are open 24 hours a day without lunch breaks, and the central post office is also open all night. Americans are people of their word; if they say they will do it, they will do it. In America everything is very strict, there is a heightened sense of responsibility everywhere. Americans are practical and this practicality allows them to benefit from everything, and the formation of this quality begins in early childhood. No matter how rich the family is, the child tries to earn money for himself, not embarrassed by any work, even the dirtiest, just to be independent. Americans are prudent, economical, but not stingy. Wherever they invest money, even for charitable purposes, they expect benefits, and not necessarily material ones. This may be a benefit that increases a person's prestige in the eyes of others or brings personal satisfaction. Money is considered the highest value in America.

If you were to paint a portrait of an American business man, this is what he might look like. This is an intelligent, competent worker, receptive to criticism, sociable with a holistic nature, firm, able to make decisions, and a good organizer. He has a sense of humor, knows how and wants to listen to others, is objective, constantly improves himself, uses his time correctly, and is ready for general leadership. Above all, the American values ​​success, without which life has no meaning.

The American style of negotiation is distinguished by a fairly high level of professionalism. It is rare to find a person in the American delegation who is incompetent in the issues being negotiated. Moreover, compared to representatives of other countries, members of the American delegation are relatively independent when making decisions.

When solving a problem, they strive to discuss not only general approaches, but also details related to the implementation of agreements. Such partners are impressed by a less formal atmosphere of negotiations.

Most often, Americans show too much assertiveness and even aggressiveness when concluding commercial agreements. This can be explained by the fact that they, as a rule, have a fairly strong position that cannot but affect the course of negotiations. These partners are quite persistent in trying to realize their goals, they like to bargain, and in the event of an unfavorable position, they link various issues into one “package” in order to balance the interests of the parties.

In conversations and negotiations, Americans prefer cause-and-effect arguments, which assume that a conclusion is drawn on the basis of factual evidence. This type of argumentation is generally characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon negotiating style and differs, for example, from the traditions of Roman law, where the starting point of proof is a certain principle, and the proof itself is constructed as a demonstration of the application of this principle.

American democracy in business communication is manifested in the desire for an informal atmosphere when conducting negotiations and business conversations, in the refusal to strictly follow protocol. Partnerships between members of the American delegation are quite common. They often address each other by name, regardless of age or status. A similar appeal is possible to foreign partners. This means that the relationship is not only business, but also friendly. Americans appreciate and respond well to jokes and try to emphasize friendliness and openness. As noted by many participants and researchers of negotiations, they have a significantly greater degree of freedom in making the final decision, compared, for example, with representatives of France, Japan, China or the republics of the former Soviet Union.

The style of business communication is distinguished by professionalism. It is difficult to meet a person in the American delegation who is incompetent in the issues under discussion.

The American style of negotiations and business conversations also has a “downside”. Considering themselves to be unique “trend setters” in the technology of business communication, Americans often show egocentrism, believing that their partner should be guided by the same rules as themselves. As a result, US representatives may be assessed by partners as too assertive, aggressive, rude, and their desire for informal communication is sometimes interpreted as familiarity. On this basis, misunderstandings, even conflict situations, are possible. Such behavior of American colleagues in a number of cases causes bewilderment among representatives of domestic business circles, which, by the way, the Americans themselves paid attention to.

4 Behavior in informal settings

As for communication between partners in an informal setting, a business reception in the USA is a common thing. This is a favorable opportunity to talk about family and hobbies. It is better to avoid talking about politics and religion at the table, since the USA is a country of puritanical values. In straight-laced American culture, there is a taboo against naming another person's physical disability. This is probably due to the constant desire of Americans to always be in great shape and look young.

When greeting and introducing people, men usually shake hands; women also often follow this tradition during business communication. Kisses, as well as kissing hands, are not accepted, but cheerful pats of well-known people on the back can be observed quite often.

The American nation is concerned about its health. Smoking is not encouraged, and sometimes is simply considered indecent. In their diet, Americans, especially middle-aged and elderly people, are increasingly trying to minimize foods containing cholesterol and prefer fruits and vegetables. However, “traditional American food” in the form of sandwiches and pizza is very popular. They consume very little alcohol. They mostly drink beer and cocktails with more ice than liquid. Toasts are not accepted. When raising a glass of alcohol, Americans simply say “chiez” or “prosit.” It must be remembered that the duration of a business reception in the USA is much shorter than, for example, in France. Upon completion, participants can return to the bureau and continue negotiations.

If you are invited into a house, it means it is very important for the owner. Bring a bottle of wine or souvenir as a gift.

Business gifts are not accepted. Moreover, they often cause concern. Americans fear that they may be perceived as a bribe, and this is strictly enforced in the United States. Americans themselves, in order to please a business partner, can invite him to a restaurant, arrange a vacation outside the city or even at a resort - the costs in such cases are borne by the company.

Conclusion

Thus, the following conclusions can be drawn.

Americans are characterized by a good mood, energy, and outward manifestation of friendliness and openness. They like a less formal atmosphere during business meetings and relatively quickly switch to calling people by name. They appreciate and respond well to jokes. Punctual. At the same time, a kind of “egocentrism” manifests itself: they often assume that their partner should be guided by the same rules.

Women play a major role in US business life. Often they insist on being treated as a partner, and not as a lady. In this regard, excessive gallantry is not accepted; questions of a personal nature should be avoided (for example, you should not find out whether she is married).

During negotiations, Americans pay considerable attention to the problem to be solved. At the same time, they strive to discuss not only general approaches to the decision (what to do), but also details related to the implementation of agreements (how to do it).

In general, Americans are known for their very high pace of business. It is typical for them not to put off “until tomorrow” what can be done “today.” In this regard, they are sometimes assessed by their partners as too assertive and straightforward, and also as constantly in a hurry.

They are always success-oriented and believe that success always leads to more success.

In recent years, Americans have been paying more and more attention to balanced nutrition and a healthy lifestyle.

If you are invited home, you can bring flowers or wine; it’s good to give something related to your country as a souvenir.

List of used literature

1) Grushevitskaya T.G., Popkov V.D., Sadokhin A.P. Fundamentals of intercultural communication: Textbook for universities. / Ed. A.P. Sadokhina. - M.: UNITY-DANA, 2003. - 352 p.

2)Kobzeva V.V. Etiquette in questions and answers: - M.: FAIR-PRESS, 2000. - 288 p.

)Lavrinenko V.N., Doroshenko V.Yu., Zotova L.I. Psychology and ethics of business communication: Textbook for universities. Ed. prof. V.N. Lavrinenko. - 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Culture and Sports, UNITY, 1997. - 279 p.

)Melnikova E.V. Culture and traditions of the peoples of the world (ethnopsychological aspect): Textbook. - Omsk: Omsk State Institute of Service, 2003. - 144 p.

5)Morozov A.V. Business psychology. Lecture course; Textbook for higher and secondary specialized educational institutions. St. Petersburg: Soyuz Publishing House, 2000. - 576 p.

A brief set of rules of conduct in the USA.

1. Don't compare the US to other countries.

USA! USA! USA! Americans honestly think that there is no more beautiful country in the world. In any public place you can chant “USA! USAI” and be sure that the crowd will take up the chant.

What not to say: “Here in Russia everyone has free health insurance”

2. There is football and then there is soccer

Be careful with American sports. American football is a cult thing in the USA. Tens of thousands of people attend college games. Fathers and sons do not kick a round ball, but throw an oval one to each other.

What you can’t say: “We have real football. And yours is some kind of bullshit.”

3. Don't be greedy with tips.

If you are greedy and leave a 10% tip, there is a chance that the waiter will chase you and ask what was wrong. In America it is not customary to leave less than 15%. Even if the service wasn't the best. The general rule is “double the tax”. Leave the tax amount multiplied by 2.

4. Taboo topics: race, gender, politics

There are several things that need to be discussed with Americans with great caution.

What not to say: “I don’t like blacks”

These are race and gender issues, and the main issues on the political agenda are gun control, abortion, migrants, Donald Trump.

American society is the most polarized (politically) since the Civil War. Laugh at Texas rednecks only if you're sure the person you're talking to is a liberal from Vermont.

5. Don't call fat people names

You shouldn’t say that you consider obesity a “health problem.” No matter how many fat people you see on the streets. Body positivity is the right tactic.

What not to say: “You should lose weight”

6. Don’t quote Zadornov

Get out of your head the stereotype about stupid Americans, which is cultivated in Russia by Zadornov and news broadcasts on federal channels. Although after this person I really want:

7. Don't think about bribing police or other government officials

And try not to get arrested. Police officers in America have significant powers. When meeting with them, you should answer questions briefly and correctly, not make jokes or take a water pistol out of your pocket (or otherwise demonstrate a threat). Attempted bribery is considered a serious crime. Never try to “solve an issue.”

What not to say: “Fuck da police!”

8. Don't wander into dangerous areas of the city

Chicago, New York, Cleveland, Los Angeles - in every major American city there are areas that you should not go into. These are areas with high criminal activity, where not the most affluent Americans live. They don't even have any attractions. Find out about these places in advance. It’s not that the local gopniks will immediately approach you, but the walk will not be pleasant.

But this threat should not be overestimated. The United States now has the lowest crime rate in 40 years.

9. Don't haggle

The prices for all goods except those that cost hundreds and thousands of dollars (cars, houses, etc.) are market and fixed. Don't forget about sales tax, which is not included in the price of the product.

10. Personal space

Around every American there is an invisible bubble of personal space that should not be crossed. There is no need to press close to people in line or stand too close when talking.

In addition, you should not enter private property for no reason. The No trespassing sign is on point. In many states, it is legal to shoot someone who steps onto private property if the owner thinks they pose a danger.

11. Don't come to the US without health insurance

Seriously. Better yet, buy a good and expensive one. It’s not a fact that she will help you in the end, but you will be calmer. The main fear of an American is not a serious illness, but the subsequent ruin due to it.

12. Don't smoke indoors

Smoking is prohibited in premises, restaurants, shops, at the entrance to buildings, and almost everywhere. And if you are in Silicon Valley, it is better to give up cigarettes for this time. The level of condemnation of smokers there is prohibitive. No seriously. There, smokers are not considered people.

13. Don't smoke marijuana unless you're sure about state laws.

Different states have different laws. Marijuana is completely legalized in 4 states: Oregon, Colorado, Alaska, Washington. In the November 8, 2016 election, California and several other states legalized marijuana for recreational purposes.

If you are found with even a gram of marijuana in Philadelphia, you can go to jail for 30 days and pay a $500 fine. Many other places won't pay attention to this.

17. Don't say anything about the American army.

Or just admire its power and technical superiority. Americans take seriously those guys who risk their lives bringing democracy to the desert. Blame Bush Jr., who started two wars, but let ordinary Marines remain out of the discussion.

18. Do not take off your shoes when entering the house.

Most Americans don't take their shoes off at home. But some run Asian households and take off their shoes. Ask your hosts about this in advance.

19. Don't comment on accents

America is a country of accents. Southern, New York, Irish, Canadian, Mexican, African American and so on ad infinitum. In a country built by migrants, accents are commonplace. Refrain from the “how nice you say.”

What not to say: “What a cute accent you have”

Some tips for traveling in the South of America. This is a special place.

20. Race issues

We have already said that it is better not to touch on this topic. So in the south it’s better not to even hint. And be very careful about what you say in front of African Americans. You can get beaten for “You people.”

Centuries of slavery and segregation have left their mark.

21. Signs of respect and hospitality

Southerners often say “sir” and “ma’am” as a sign of respect. Don’t be surprised and use it yourself when addressing strangers. And after a couple of minutes of communication they will call you sweetie, honey, or baby. This is especially true for older people. This is fine.

Southerners are very hospitable. They can easily feed, drink, or even provide overnight accommodation for a traveler. Don't be surprised if they start asking you personal questions without running around. This is fine.

Southerners are poorer than Americans in the northeast or west of the country, they travel less and are more interested in tourists.

22. Southerners are very religious.

Sometimes shockingly religious. The rest of America makes fun of them, but in the South, missing the Sunday sermon at church is the talk of the entire parish for the next week. Be careful.

Americans are a relatively young nation. The traditions and culture of the United States are a very interesting mixture of cultures of different peoples. What is American etiquette? The first thing that comes to mind is that Americans are sociable, smiling, not shy about their emotions and can put their feet on the table. But the concept of American etiquette is much broader; the USA has developed special traditions of behavior in business, family and guests, to which we will pay special attention.

American Etiquette

• Americans are friendly and polite. When you meet them for the first time, you will hear “Good afternoon! How are you doing?" If you have already made friends with Americans, a “Hello!” awaits you. and calling by name.
• Just like in Russia, handshakes are accepted in America. Moreover, if you are present at a business meeting, they are appropriate both between men and between a man and a woman.
• Kissing is unacceptable. An American who is older in age and higher in status will be the first to extend his hand to a woman. After the end of the meeting or negotiations, handshakes are no longer necessary. You can politely say goodbye, for example, like this: “All the best, I hope we meet again soon.”
• Americans love jokes, a relaxed atmosphere, and want to make friends with you quickly. But, nevertheless, they especially demand punctuality both from others and from themselves.
• If an American crosses his legs or puts his feet on a chair or table in public places, this will not be considered impolite.
• It is customary for Americans to invite colleagues and partners to visit. As a gift, you can take a bottle of wine, a bouquet of flowers or an interesting Russian souvenir to your visit. It is better not to choose expensive gifts, because in the USA there is a very strict attitude towards bribes and what can be equated to them.
• The uniqueness of the American nation lies in the fact that residents of an overseas country consider themselves extremely successful people, so in the country it is customary to smile at everyone and always - at negotiations, at a party, in a cafe or store, and just while walking. When visiting the USA, it is recommended to follow this tradition.
• National etiquette in America does not allow sharing one's personal successes and sorrows with strangers; Americans are accustomed to communicating on abstract topics.

Friendliness is like work

As we already know, smiling is the key to success in American society. And success is followed by friends who like your cheerfulness and attitude towards life.

• Friends play a very important role in an American's life. We can say that the need to be friends with a large number of people comes in second place after the desire for success and career advancement. Features of US etiquette in the field of friendly communication imply independence and isolation.
• In the USA, unlike in Russia, there are no such concepts as acquaintance or friend. Every person an American likes or likes is already his friend. To follow US etiquette, treat your American acquaintances as friends too. Friends are all acquaintances who evoke sympathy.
• The concept of “friend” in Russia and America is significantly different. An American friend should not be visited at home without warning, called to chat and used as a personal psychologist. Only positive communication! It is not customary to share problems with others, otherwise you will be misunderstood.

Family and Children

Family is important to Americans. Every resident of the United States strives to create a strong classic family: a man and a woman and several children. The attitude towards children here is special, parents spend a lot of time with them, instill in them that they are the best, from childhood. Since individuality and human rights are especially valued in America, even young children are given the opportunity to express themselves and make choices, at least in choosing breakfast or clothing.
The psychology of US residents is that their children should be protected in every possible way from any danger.

Business etiquette in the USA

The USA is a country with developed business, so business relations are very important here.

• Americans are hardworking, very responsible and punctual. They cannot afford to be late for work or miss a day of work due to poor health.
• Americans like an atmosphere that is not too formal, they laugh and joke.
• At business meetings, they move relatively quickly from discussing a problem to ways to solve it; It is not customary to be distracted from the main topic of the meeting. American meetings are not very long: time is money, and it is customary to save it in order to use it for the benefit of business.
• Women in the USA are freedom-loving, actively build a career and take part in the life of their company.
• A woman in business should be treated as an equal; advances, flirting, and kissing the hand of a woman who is not your wife or girlfriend are unacceptable. An American woman can sue a man for this. During a business meeting, men also shake hands with women - this is a feature of business etiquette in the United States.

What not to say to Americans

In Russia, it is customary to discuss any topic even with unfamiliar people. In the USA the situation is different. There are rules of conduct here. And if an American suddenly doesn’t like what you’re saying and finds it offensive, he can sue you.
In America, it is not customary to talk about religion, racial differences, gay people, or politics. Be careful, as your point of view may unwittingly offend a person.
Talk about the American army either very well or nothing. Residents of the United States are sincerely proud of the power of their army and the bravery of the military. Joking about terrorist attacks is also unacceptable, because this is a sad page in the life of the country, many have lost loved ones, and this topic is not funny at all.

American etiquette - what else you should remember

• Americans are very concerned about health, lead a healthy lifestyle, and watch their diet. Drinking and smoking are neither accepted nor popular in the country, although there are, of course, exceptions.
• If you find yourself in the US, don't rely on public transportation. Americans are a nation of motorists; the country has developed a whole cult of the car. To move around the country comfortably, you can rent a car or use Uber taxi services.
• In the United States, it is often not customary to remove shoes when entering a home, although this depends on family traditions. Pay attention to how hosts and guests behave in relation to shoes and follow their example. You can directly ask the owners of the house about this issue.
• And of course, you shouldn’t call American friends just to chat, only on important issues.

The culture of the United States is that of a vibrant, developed country that values ​​all citizens with their unique characteristics. A sense of humor and a desire to succeed are very important, as is equality.
American etiquette is very interesting and unique. We hope that by becoming acquainted with the cultural traditions of the people of the United States, you will be able to better understand them.

In America, people meeting for the first time use the polite form of greeting “Good afternoon,” “How are you?” Close friends exchange a friendly “Hello!” In America, an unmarried girl should be addressed as “Miss,” and a married girl, “Mrs.” The accepted address for a man is “Mister” or “Doctor” (if Dr. is written before the last name on the business card). When they want to express special honor and respect, they use “sir” or “madam”.

Just like in Russia, in America they use a handshake when meeting and making acquaintances. In business communication, this is common among both men and women. But kissing in America is not at all appropriate. In a business greeting, an American who is older and holds a higher position will be the first to extend his hand to the woman. We need to respond in kind. Handshakes are only appropriate at the beginning of a meeting. At the end of it, you can say goodbye like this: “I was glad to see you” or “All the best, I hope to see you soon.”

American behavior

Americans are friendly, open, sociable people, and even at business meetings they do not create an official atmosphere. They quickly switch to calling people by name and love to joke. But despite seemingly such easy communication, Americans demand punctuality from themselves and those around them.

The American culture of behavior, of course, differs from the Russian one. For example, an American can easily afford to cross his legs or put his leg on a chair or table. Americans often invite colleagues and partners to visit them. As a gift, you can take flowers, wine or a souvenir from your country. Be careful, there are bribery laws in America. Therefore, you should not give too expensive a gift so that it is not regarded as a bribe. However, it is quite normal to invite your partner to a restaurant, on a vacation outside the city, or even to a resort.

Negotiation

During negotiations, they focus precisely on the issue that needs to be resolved. Americans pay attention not only to the problem itself, but also to its details, and discuss solutions. Therefore, they take various meetings and negotiations seriously and during them try to discuss many proposals.

Americans try to finish what they start as soon as possible, so as not to put it off until tomorrow. They follow the rule “the sooner you complete the work, the sooner you get paid.” Getting the job done quickly is the key to success. American businessmen are assertive and like to rush their partners.

Americans adhere to the following rule: every future success depends on the past!