Lviv. Lychakiv Cemetery

1. Oh Lviv, wonderful, ancient, picturesque and mysterious. This is the city in which I want to live, yes, I want to live there, this is not a city, but one continuous UNESCO monument. You already know that in Lviv there is an incredibly delicious chocolate workshop, and today you will learn that a cemetery can be not just a gloomy and dull place where you will be taken at the end of your life, this place can also be a museum or rather a cozy park. To be honest, I can’t even call it a cemetery. And so, Lychakiv cemetery in Lviv. The monuments and crypts that have stood there for almost 220 years are masterpieces of sculpture and architecture of incredible beauty, these are creations famous masters, which from century to century protect the memory of our ancestors.

2. Lychakiv cemetery appeared around 1786. Only the richest residents of Lvov could find peace there. Relatives, seeing off their loved ones and relatives to last way, clearly did not skimp on hiring famous sculptors to express their love.

3. Previously, city residents were buried in dungeons near churches, and this led to not very pleasant odors and unsanitary conditions. And only thanks to the Austrian Emperor Joseph II, in 1784, all cemeteries from the city center were moved to the outskirts. Thus, a unique Lychak cemetery appeared on the picturesque hills and terraces of ancient Lviv.

4. Lychakiv cemetery is known not only for its beautiful crypts and tombstones, but also because many interesting stories and legends associated with famous people are buried there.

5. Representatives of noble Austrian, Polish and Ukrainian families found peace here. In this place you will find monuments to such great figures of politics and art as the poet Ivan Franko, composer Stanislav Lyudkevich, Opera singer Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, actress Regina Markovskaya, historian Ivan Kripyakevich.

7. More than 400,000 graves of people of different nationalities and religions. The inscriptions on the tombstones are carved in German, Serbian, Italian, Polish, Armenian, Latin, Ukrainian, Hebrew and Russian.

8. The very first burials of Lychakov date back to 1786 and 1797. Since 1804, the cemetery has expanded greatly due to the purchase of land by private individuals. They were no longer just building monuments over graves, but monumental monuments that would last for centuries. family crypts and tombs.

9. At one time, in order to give the Lychakiv cemetery the appearance of a park area, in 1856, botanist Karl Bauer and Titus Tkhuzhevsky developed a unique project of alleys and paths, since then this place began to look like an open-air museum.

10. main part cemeteries.

11. Walking between the sculptures, it seems that you are in other world, and against your will you begin to believe in eternal life, where it is always light, calm and peaceful.

12. Small, cozy compact crypt

18. Infrared photograph of the crypt.

19. Entrance to the other world.

21. She really looks like she’s alive.

22. The crypts are noticeably different from the rich and very rich townspeople.

23. There are many family coats of arms depicted on the crypts.

25. More than one generation of a noble Lviv family has been buried in this crypt.

26. Polish tomb.

27. A stunning monument that is carved from stone.

28. A woman mourning her family.

29. Unfortunately, many monuments are so overgrown with bushes and grass that it is even difficult to get to them.

30. Many of the sculptures are in poor condition and unkempt.

33. Many Jews are buried in this cemetery.

35. Each sculpture is very emotional in its own way.

Lychakiv Cemetery: Polish, Russian, Ukrainian September 19th, 2017

Returning from Transcarpathia, I stopped in Lviv for one more day to get to the Lychakiv cemetery - one of oldest cemeteries Ukraine and, probably, one of the most beautiful in the post-Soviet space. I will try to show the Lychakiv necropolis as fully as possible, including ancient graves of the 17th-18th centuries, and the beauty of tombstones of the 19th century, cemeteries of Polish rebels, the Russian-Soviet side of Lychakivskyi, and modern Ukrainian memorials where UPA fighters, soldiers of the SS division "Galicia" are buried ", participants of the Maidan and the war in Donbass.

The Lychakiv cemetery has existed since the 16th century, but back in the 13th century, plague victims were buried here. It was officially opened in 1786, when the Austrian Emperor Joseph II banned burying the dead in cemeteries near city churches. Then, on the outskirts of Lvov, four cemeteries were opened, of which only the Lychakiv necropolis has survived to this day. Now the entrance to the Lychakiv cemetery is on Mechnikov Street.

2. Mechnikov Street. A large bus on the left side with license plates from the Minsk region brought tourists from Belarus. This is one of two cars with Belarusian license plates that I saw during my two weeks in Western Ukraine.

3. Main entrance to the cemetery.

4. I’ll start showing Lychakivskoye with its oldest surviving tombstones. On the left is a slab from a burial in 1675, on the right is from 1789.

5. Tombstone of a grave from 1797 with an inscription in Latin. On Lychakivsky you can also find inscriptions in Polish, Russian, Ukrainian, Romanian, Greek and other languages. This shows the ethnic diversity of old Lviv.

6. I present some burials of the 19th century without comment, simply as examples of memorial art. These are mainly the graves of Lviv Poles.

8. Gravestone of Lvov Archbishop of the Armenian Church Samuil Kirill Stefanovich (d. 1858).

10. In addition to ordinary graves and small crypts, there are several tomb chapels in the cemetery.

11. Franz Masoch (d. 1845), professor of medicine, rector of Lviv University, is buried here. His grandson Leopold, born in Lvov, became a famous Austrian writer. In his books, the theme of a despotic woman’s abuse of a weak man who received pleasure from it so often arose that the writer’s surname served as the name for a sexual deviation - masochism.

15. Grave of Julian Ordon (d. 1887) - one of famous participants Polish uprising of 1831. He defended Warsaw so stubbornly from Russian troops that he became the hero of a poem by Adam Mickiewicz.

17. Cemetery of participants in the 1831 uprising.

18. The white eagle is a symbol of Poland.

19. On the graves there are the same type of metal crosses. The Polish uprisings usually involved ardent patriotic youth, who then lived for many more years.

20. I saw squirrels several times.

21. Memorial dedicated to another Polish uprising - 1863-64. Located on a small artificial (?) hill in the depths of the cemetery, the so-called rebel hill of 1863. Central object with a rebel sculpture and memorial plaques. Behind him are graves with typical crosses.

22. On the slabs are the names of famous rebels (not only those buried here), the last one listed there is “Kalinowski Konstanty”. As you can see, the place is visited not only by Poles, but also by Lithuanians and Belarusian nationalists.

23. In general, everything here is imbued with the spirit of Poland, which is absolutely natural.

24. The largest and most important Polish memorial of the Lychakiv cemetery is the “Lviv Eaglets Cemetery”. Poles are buried here, sometimes teenagers, who died in 1918 during the defense of Lvov from... Ukrainians, more precisely, the Western Ukrainian Army people's republic(Ukrainian Galician Army), as well as during the Soviet-Polish War of 1920.

25. The first memorial here was created in the 1920s, but was destroyed Soviet authorities after the Second World War. That is, ours did approximately the same thing with the Polish graves as the Poles did with the Hill of Glory. Work on its restoration began in the 1990s, but proceeded slowly due to conflicts with the Ukrainian authorities.

27. In addition to the Poles, the remains of volunteer pilots from the United States and military advisers from the French mission under the command of Charles De Gaulle, who fought as part of the Polish troops, are buried here.

28. After “orange” Yushchenko came to power, the restoration of the memorial accelerated. And in 2005, with the participation of the Ukrainian and Polish presidents, two memorial complexes were opened at once: the restored “cemetery of eaglets” and a memorial to the opponents of the Poles - the soldiers of the Ukrainian Galician Army. They are separated by such a reconciling wall. Here we move on to examining Ukrainian burials.

29. Column with an angel of the UGA memorial.

31. Below is a large Ukrainian memorial dedicated to the memory of the “warriors” of others Ukrainian armies. By left hand- UPA and UNA, on the right - modern Ukrainian Armed Forces and volunteer battalions.

32. Main monument memorial with the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier in front of it.

33. The Ukrainian National Army (UNA) was formed by the government Nazi Germany from March 1945 from ethnic Ukrainians (including prisoners of war). Due to the defeat of Germany and the end of hostilities in Europe, the UNA ceased to exist in May 1945. The main unit of the UNA was the former SS division "Galicia", consisting of 16 thousand people.

34. It is known that individual soldiers of the division were involved in war crimes against civilians, primarily Poles and Jews. However, the collective responsibility of "Galicia" for such atrocities was not proven by the Canadian War Crimes Commission. However, the SS troops, of which she was a member, were recognized as a criminal organization by the decision of the Nuremberg Tribunal.

36. On the other side of the memorial, behind the birch cross, participants in the war in Donbass are buried.

37. On monuments, in addition to placing the name and color photograph, the call sign of the deceased is often indicated.

38. The most recent graves.

39. The most “prestigious” Ukrainian memorial of the Lychakiv cemetery is the “Field of Honorary Burials,” which is located immediately near the entrance to the necropolis.

40. “Heroes of the Heavenly Hundred”, participants in the war in Donbass, UPA soldiers, participants in the Battle of Kruty, and “political vyazn” of the Soviet era are buried here.

41. Nearby there is a black obelisk above the crypt of the relatives of the UPA commander Roman Shukhevych. This is only a cenotaph; the burial place of Shukhevych’s remains is unknown. In 1950, he was liquidated by MGB officers in a village near Lvov.

42. Let’s finish the topic of “Bandera” here. Grave of Ukrainian public and literary figure Vladimir Barvinsky (d. 1883).

43. Barvinsky was a Ukrainophile. The monument, erected in 1892, already mentions the term “Rus-Ukraine”, created by Ukrainian figures to emphasize the continuity of Ukraine from Rus'.

44. Nearby is the grave of Markian Shashkevich (died 1843) - one of the founders of the Russophile movement in Galicia, a Greek Catholic priest. He was persecuted by the Austrian authorities for his Russophile activities. As one of the “active members of the Russian party” he was expelled from Lvov and deprived of his parish. He was a Slavophile and developed the Ukrainian language, for which he is now revered in the west of Ukraine.

45. The grave of Ivan Franko - one of the most famous Ukrainian writers and poets.

46. Monument at the grave of the famous opera singer Salome Krushelnitskaya (d. 1952). Performed in the best theaters peace.

47. Monuments on the graves of the Soviet era. Some already used Ukrainian ornaments at that time. The cult of “embroidery” among Ukrainians arose much earlier than in Belarus.

48. During the Second World War, there were also underground fighters and partisans in Western Ukraine who fought against the Nazis and their minions.

49. Modern crypts are built from reinforced concrete and finished with granite.

50. Finally, we move to the Russian side of the Lychakiv cemetery. One of the main graves is the “Mass Grave of Russian Journalists”, in which Galician Russophiles are buried.

51. The most prominent here is Osip Monchalovsky - one of the founders of the Russian People's Party, which professed the national and cultural unity of the entire Russian people (Little Russians, Great Russians, Belarusians). This tomb was initially his personal, then like-minded people began to bury him.

52. Illarion Eliasevich - organizer of the first Lviv fire brigade and ambulances.

53. Tomb of Lepkikh. Professor Onufriy Lepky is a philologist, publicist, and writer. He was a Uniate priest. He adhered to Russophile views, hence, apparently, the Russian language on these boards.

54. Monument at the grave of Lieutenant General I. G. Sovetnikov from the USSR Ministry of Defense.

55. Monument with a large Orthodox cross, despite Soviet time burials.

56. Monument to Colonel Korneev with a “zhovto-blakit” ribbon.

57. Several guys who died tragically on the same day, May 17, 1974. I don’t know how they died.

58. Graves of the crew and passengers of the military transport An-26, which collided on May 3, 1985 in the skies of the Lviv region with a passenger Tu-134A, performing a flight Tallinn-Lviv-Chisinau. There were 94 people on the two planes, all of whom died. The dispatcher was found to be at fault for the head-on collision.

59. Behind the fence of the cemetery, on its northern side, the Champ de Mars was created in 1974 - burial 3800 Soviet soldiers who died during the Great Patriotic War in battles with the Nazi occupiers and until the mid-1950s - with UPA detachments.

60. If you turn your head to the right, you will see another Ukrainian memorial near the fence of the cemetery.

61. Figures of the UPA and other nationalist organizations are also buried here. The memorial was clearly created recently and will be developed. On the Champ de Mars itself, and beyond it, there are also several graves of victims of Soviet repression.

62. I got to the Field of Mars in Lvov on the eve of Victory Day - May 8th. In the distance, street cleaners sweep away freshly cut grass from the gravestones of Soviet soldiers.

63. Ukrainian, Russian, Tatar, Armenian surnames... Flowers are also brought here and lamps are placed.

This concludes my story. Thanks to those who read this rather lengthy post.

Lychakivskoe cemetery is located on the street. I. Mechnikov, its territory occupies the Lychakiv plateau and the surrounding area. Today it is the oldest surviving cemetery in Lviv, which was officially opened in 1786. This is one of the most famous European necropolises, which contains a large number of artistic monuments, recognized as a monument of history, archeology and art national importance. Here are the graves of many outstanding personalities, military graves from the First and Second World Wars and the like.

Lychakiv cemetery. Story

Lychakiv Cemetery is the oldest suburban cemetery in Lviv that has survived to this day. Its location was popularly called “the sands.” The first laconic mentions of this cemetery date back to around 1567, when plague victims were buried here. However, the oldest surviving monuments date back to the end. XVIII century.

Officially, the Lychakiv cemetery was opened at the end of 1786 after cemeteries at churches were abolished in accordance with imperial decrees. It was then located outside the city and was intended for the city center and the Lychakivsky site. Mostly wealthy Lviv residents were buried there, while the poor were buried in Stryisky and then Yanovsky cemeteries.

At first, the Lychakiv cemetery occupied a much smaller area than it does today. In the first years of its official foundation, it was located on the top of a hill, where in the 18th century. there was a wooden gazebo (existed at the beginning of the twentieth century). At that time, the cemetery occupied the space of the current cemetery fields No. 7, 9, 10, 14, where several ancient tombstones can now be seen.

Due to its remoteness from regular urban development, the territory of the Lychakiv cemetery could expand. In 1804 and 1808, to increase the territory, several adjacent land plots. The cemetery was not properly looked at at the beginning. However, during the subsequent expansion in 1856, university botanist Karl Bauer was invited to compile it, who, in collaboration with the head of the cemetery, Titus Thurzhevsky, organized the territory, designed alleys and paths and provided the cemetery with a parkland character.

Today the Lychakiv Cemetery is one of the most famous necropolises in Europe. On July 10, 1990, by resolution of the Lviv City Council, the territory of the Lychakiv cemetery became a historical and cultural reserve of local significance. In 1991, the military cemetery Hill of Glory was included in its structure.

Lychakiv Cemetery is the burial place of many prominent personalities.

In the north-eastern part of the cemetery, on field No. 45, the deputy chairman of the Ukrainian Central Rada, professor of the Lviv Polytechnic Nikolai Shrag is buried, on field No. 64 - the grave of the USS and UGA Hornets, historian, writer Elena Stepanovna; Church historians Fr. are buried nearby. Aurelian Andrukhovich, Fr. R.Lukan and Fr. T. Kostruba. In field No. 82, the only grave preserved from burials in the destroyed military cemetery of the Austro-Hungarian army. Vladimir Grebenyak, an archaeologist, anthropologist, is buried there. full member NOSH. In the northwestern part of the cemetery, on field No. 59, the biochemist Stepan Grzhitsky, the mathematician Miron Zaritsky, the artist Alexey Novakovsky, the ethnographer Vladimir Shukhevych are buried, on the field No. 60a - the writer Vasily Lukich (Levitsky) and the director of the academic gymnasium Ilya Kokorudza. The artist Stefania Gebus-Baranetskaya is buried nearby on field No. 61.

To the left of the main entrance is field No. 1, which is from the end. XIX century was considered a pantheon of honored Lviv residents. Here, in the tomb of the Svachinsky family, the initial burial of Ivan Franko was located - after 5 years, the coffin with his ashes was transferred to a separate grave, on which a monument to him was built in 1933. Buried in field No. 1 are Ukrainian writers Andrey Voloshchak, Vladimir Grzhitsky, Vasily Pachovsky, Grigory Tyutyunnik, Pyotr Karmansky, Pyotr Kozlanyuk, Pyotr Ingulsky, Mikhail Yatskov, Stepan-Yuriy Maslyak, artists Ivan Trush, Osip Kurilas, V. Savin, sculptor Ivan Severa , social and political figures Emelyan Ogonovsky, A. Markov, Roman Sushko, Olga Tsipanovska, Nikolai Golubets, academician Mikhail Voznyak, professor Stepan Shchurat, architects Ivan Bagensky, Adam Kurillo, Henryk Shvedsky-Vinetsky. On the adjacent field No. 59 are the graves of the historian Ivan Kripyakevich and the writer Irina Vilde.

Below the monument to Juliusz Ordon are buried the founder of the youth sports and educational organization “Sokol” Antoniy Dursky, the pioneer of the oil industry in Galicia Stanislav Szczepanovsky, the presidents of Lvov Michal Michalsky, Tadeusz Rutovsky and Godzimir Malakhovsky. Nearby are the graves of figures of Polish culture, art and public life. Buried here Polish writer Maria Konopnitskaya and Gabriela Zapolskaya, poets Vladislav Belza and Severin Goschinsky, architect Zygmunt Gorgolevsky, historian A. Cholovsky, professor of Lviv Polytechnic Karol Skibinsky and many others.

In the post-war period, publicist-writer Yaroslav Galan and others were buried in field No. 1 Soviet figures: Kuzma Pelekhaty, Semyon Stefanik, Nikolai Gnidyuk, B. Dudikevich, Yuri Melnichuk, rector of Lviv Polytechnic and Leningrad State University. I. Franko Nikolai Maksimovich with his wife Maria Kikh, orthopedic doctor I. Zaichenko, generals Vasily Bisyarin and Nikolai Abashin and others.

Nearby on field No. 3 there is a tomb and burial of the Barvinsky family, among which Alexander Barvinsky, an outstanding teacher and writer, historian, member of the Austrian parliament and his son are buried here. famous composer, Gulag political prisoner Vasily Barvinsky. Yaroslav Kulachkovsky, founder and director of the Mutual Obligations Society and the Dniester Bank, is buried to the right of the Barvinsky crypt. In the depths of the field there is the grave of an outstanding figure Ukrainian culture Ivan Verkhratsky. Also buried in the same field were CAA foreman E. Aleksey, composers Stanislav Lyudkevich and Anatoly Kos-Anatolsky.

Nearby, on field No. 4, are the graves of Olga s Khoruzhinsky, the wife of Ivan Franko, famous singer Solomiya Krushelnitskaya and members of her family, actors Vasily Yaremenko, Ivan Rubchak, musician T. Shukhevych, writer Ivan Beley, physicist Vasily Miliyanchuk, artists Leopold Levitsky, S. Maslyak, Abel Maria Perrier. The same field also contains two neo-Gothic tombstones of the Armenian archbishops Isaac Issakovitch and Samuel Stefanovich.

On field No. 5 there are burial places of honored Ukrainians. Buried here are members of the “Russian Trinity” Ivan Vagilevich, directors of “People’s Trade” A. Nechai and Vasily Nagorny, leader of the Ukrainian student movement Adam Kotsko, head of “Prosvita” Ivan Kivelyuk, writers Masha Pidgiryanka and Konstantina Malitskaya, doctor Maryan Panchishin, academician Vladimir Gnatyuk , historian Anton Petrushevich, artist Anton Manastyrsky and others. Prominent figures of Polish culture are also buried here: the artist Arthur Grottger, the sculptor Julian Markowski. In the same field there is the grave of the philanthropist, guardian of Armenian orphans Jozef Torosevich, the tombstone for which was made by the sculptor Edmund Jaskulski. Anton and Johann Schimser are buried nearby on field No. 11.

Figures of Ukrainian culture also rest in the fields of ancient burials. Of these, we should highlight the grave of Anton Pavetsky, editor of the first Ukrainian newspaper “Zorya Galitskaya” (field No. 7), actor Joseph Stadnik - director of the Russian Conversation theater (field No. 8), A. Partitsky, teacher, editor of the magazine “Zarya”, Yu. Medvetsky, rector of Lviv Polytechnic (field No. 19), architect I. Bazarnik (field No. 7).

In the southern part of the cemetery along the main alley and in the adjacent fields (No. 13, 21, 22, 51, 52, 53, 54, 69, 71, 72, 73, 76, 78) there are burial places of honored Lviv residents. Writers Osip Turyansky, Anton Lototsky, Yulian Opilsky, Mikhail Pavlik, Mikhail Rudnitsky, Milena Lysyak-Rudnitskaya are buried here; scientists Maxim Muzyka, Illarion Sventsitsky, Vasily Levitsky, Vladimir Okhrimovich, Yulian Tselevich, Filaret Kolessa; architects Ivan Levinsky, Yulian Zaharievich; historians Denis Zubritsky, Isidor Sharanevich, Miron Korduba; composers Anatoly Vakhnyanin, Vladimir Ivasyuk; artists Elena Kulchitskaya, Yaroslava Muzyka, Pavel Kovzhun.

On field No. 23 there is a symbolic grave of the writer Anton Krushelnitsky and his children, who were destroyed by the Bolshevik regime in 1934-1937. On field No. 59 you can see a memorial plaque to lawyer Vladimir Starosolsky and his wife Daria. Nearby is the tomb of the Levitsky family, where Lev Levitsky, a lawyer, public figure, his daughter Galina, a talented pianist, wife of Ivan Krushelnitsky, and Yulian-Yuri Dorosh, one of the first filmmakers of Galicia, are buried.

Famous sculptors Anton Popel and Leonard Marconi are buried in field No. 57, and Lviv explorers Franciszek Jaworski and Bohdan Janusz are buried in field No. 13.

Architecture of Lychakiv Cemetery

The cemetery's area is more than 42 hectares, with about 300 thousand graves located in its 86 fields. There are more than 2 thousand tombs in the cemetery; about 500 sculptures and reliefs are installed on the graves.

The oldest surviving gravestones date from 1787 and 1797. The most ancient burials Lychakov, which have survived to this day, located on fields No. 2, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14. In particular, on field No. 6 it is restored in the end. 1990s Chapel of the Dunin-Borkowski family, decorated with sculptures by Hartmann Witwer. The sculptor’s works also include the monuments located on field No. 10 on the graves of Juliana Zivitlich-Schragner, Joseph Schabinger and on field No. 7: M. Poninskaya-Kalinovskaya, S. Novitsky.

The main entrance to the cemetery is located from the street. Mechnikov. Here in 1875 and 1901. Neo-Gothic gates were erected. The right ones led to a small rondo, around which the burials of the most honored Lviv residents were located. Patriotic demonstrations were held at this place. At the large roundel of the Lychakiv cemetery there is a chapel of the Bachevskys, as well as five related chapels that belonged to Lviv petty bourgeois families: the Kshechunovich and Sukhodolsky, Kiselkiw, Molendzinsky, Adamsky, Morowsky and Lodinsky. In total, there are 21 chapels of Lviv aristocratic families at the Lychakiv Cemetery. The twenty-second - Counts Didushitsky (in field No. 73) - was destroyed by an artillery shot in July 1944.

The authors of the valuable monuments of the Lychakiv necropolis were a whole galaxy of sculptors and architects. These included: Hartmann Witwer, Antony, Johann and Leopold Schimser, Paul Oitele, Abel Maria Perrier, Cyprian Godebski, Paris Filippi, Julian Markowski, Antoni Kuzawa, Tadeusz Baroncz, Tomasz Dikas, Stanislaw Lewandowski, Leonard Marconi, Grigory Kuzniewicz, Tadeusz Blotnicki , Witold Ravsky, Edmund Jaskulsky, Stanislav Kazimir Ostrovsky, Luna Drexler. The creativity of these masters left monuments in Lychakovo in the styles of classicism, empire, eclecticism, secession and art deco.

The works of Anton Shimzer include three-figure sculptural compositions on the grave of the Braers, Trenkli, Weigl and Julianne with the Schabinger Nefater (field No. 10), the figure of the angel of death on the grave of Maria Catherine Chaudoir on the field No. 2, the sarcophagus of Joanna Baggofwund (field No. 14) and the Gausner family (field No. 8), monument to the governor Galicia to Franz von Hauer on field No. 7. The tombstone “Leos” (field No. 2) was made in the manner characteristic of Anton Shimzer. His brother Johann Schimser made monuments on the graves of M. Bauer and M. Schock (field No. 5), Manugevich (field No. 14), A. Stransky, E. Ilsky (field No. 15) and many others.

The legacy of Paul Oitele on Lychakiv includes 60 works. The best of them include the monument to Anton Shimzer, the grave of the Ivanovich family (field No. 2), the grave of the Oblochinsky sisters (field No. 50), the monument to Anton Tarnovsky (field No. 14), and the tombstone of the Saravelli spouses (field No. 7).

In 1896, in field No. 1, the firm of Julian Markowski, according to the design of Tadeusz Baroncz, erected a monument to Julius Ordoño, Polish rebel, hero of the defense of Warsaw in 1831. The construction of this monument provided the field with the character of the pantheon. This field also contains one of the best tombstones of the interwar period - the crypt of the Zakreis and Truszkowski family (sculptors Jan Nalborczyk and Bronislaw Soltis).

Between the Adamski and Baczewski chapels, one of the main alleys of the cemetery begins, which covers the entire territory of the cemetery and returns to the entrance at the monument to Severin Goszczynski. At its beginning in the twentieth century. On fields No. 3, 4 and 5 and adjacent to them, a Ukrainian memorial to Lychakov was formed. In 1933, a monument was erected here Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko (sculptor Sergei Litvinenko). Opposite is a monument to Markiyan Shashkevich, the founder of the new Ukrainian literature in Galicia, a member of the “Russian Trinity” (Henrik Perrier’s workshop) and Vladimir Barvinsky, writer and publicist, public figure (sculptor Stanislav Levandovsky).

To the left of field No. 11 at the beginning of the main alley there is a monument to the presbyter Gabriel Kostelnik and the tomb of the St. Jurassic Chapter, where among others lie Metropolitans Spiridon Litvinovich, Grigory Yakhimovich, Julian Sas-Kuilovsky.

The poetic tombstone of Józefa Markowska in the form of a sleeping woman, made by sculptor Julian Markowski in 1887, adorns field No. 69. The monumental “Tomb of Russian Journalists”, in which Galician-Russian writers and Muscovite journalists are buried, is located on field No. 72. The memorial “Talerhof Cross”, a symbolic grave of the victims of the Austrian repressions of 1914-1918, which passed through Talerhof - the first in the world concentration camp for civilians - located on field No. 60.

At the beginning of field No. 82 until the 1990s. there was a modest nameless memorial sign - three crosses on mass grave and the inscription “Eternal memory to them.” The executed prisoners of prison No. 1 on the street are buried in this mass grave. Lontsky. In 1995 installed here new monument(author of the project Grigory Lupii) and a memorial plaque. A little below field No. 82 there is a Streletsky cross stylized as a birch tree. Around this place were once the burial places of riflemen and foremen of the Ukrainian Galician Army who died during the Ukrainian-Polish War of 1918-1919. The cross was installed on the initiative of the Lvov “Memorial” in 1989 Executed in prison No. 2 on the street. Zamarstynovskaya were buried in a grave in her yard. In the post-war period it was razed to the ground. In 1990 the remains of the tortured prisoners were exhumed, and in 1994. reburied in the vacant space of the war memorial on the street. Mechnikov.

In July 1944, in the northern part of the Lychakiv cemetery, on the site of the so-called “Bondar cities,” a Soviet military cemetery was built for soldiers of the Red Army and NKVD units who died in the battles for Lviv during punitive expeditions against the UPA or died from wounds in military hospitals . In general, here for the period 1944-1950. 3491 people were buried. In 1974, the military cemetery, according to the reconstruction project (architect Andrei Shulyar, V. Kamenshchik, sculptor V. Boyko), was adapted as a Memorial to Soldiers of the Armed Forces of the USSR. Then individual graves were exhumed, and the remains of the dead were placed along the main alley under slabs of red and black granite. On the slabs there are inscriptions with surnames, without dates.

The Lychakiv Cemetery includes two more small military cemeteries, which arose during the time that Lviv belonged to Austria. This is a cemetery for veterans of the armed anti-Russian offensive of Polish patriots in 1830-1831, located on field No. 71, occupying a plot of 5 acres. In 1881-1916. 47 participants in the uprising were buried here. At the Lychakiv cemetery in different places About 146 of their comrades are buried. After the defeat of the January Uprising of 1863-1864. against Tsarist Russia veterans created a number of organizations that dealt with its participants. In particular, on the initiative of the Society for Mutual Assistance to Participants of the Polish Uprising of 1863-1864. in the 2nd half. 1890s on the top of Lychakiv Hill, the city authorities of Lvov allocated a place for the burial of insurgents (field No. 40). 230 veterans of this uprising are buried here.

In the south-eastern part of the Lychakiv cemetery there is a memorial - Polish military graves of 1918-1920. The memorial was built according to the design of Lviv Polytechnic assistant Rudolf Indruch. The cemetery suffered significant destruction during World War II and was finally liquidated in the 1970s. Restoration of the cemetery began in the 1990s.

A memorial to the liberation struggle is being erected nearby on field No. 76 Ukrainian people. The project was carried out by a team of authors consisting of sculptors Nikolai Posikira, Dmitry Krvavich, architect. I. Gavrishkevich.

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IN historical center Lvov, in the Lychakovo district, is located one of the oldest cemeteries in Ukraine - the Lychakiv Cemetery. This is where many are buried famous people Ukraine, Poland and other countries.

History of the cemetery

The cemetery dates back to 1786. It was this year that, by order of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, Joseph II, a ban was imposed on burial within the city. In the place where the cemetery was supposed to be located, back in the 16th century, the burial of townspeople who died from the plague epidemic was carried out. The close location to the city made it possible to bury both ordinary citizens and wealthy people here. Now the tombstones of these persons represent real historical values and monuments of art different eras. Subsequently, burial at the Lychakiv cemetery acquired a prestigious status, so ordinary citizens did not always have the opportunity to bury their loved ones here. During Khrushchev's time, special permission was required for burial in the cemetery. Therefore, it was mainly government officials who were buried in various areas. Monuments Soviet period introduced an imbalance into the architectural ensemble of the cemetery. The rectangular tombstones and red stars were not at all in harmony with the previous appearance.

Many burials were made in the second half of the 19th century. There are also some that have been preserved since the formation of the cemetery. In the 19th century, it was fashionable to order monuments from famous sculptors. For example, in the necropolis there are monuments belonging to the chisel of Gertman Witwer, who is the author of sculptures in the form of four antique statues located on Market Square.

Famous townspeople

Large crypts were built for wealthy families. One of those that attracts the attention of visitors to the Lychakiv cemetery is the crypt of the Barczewski family. It was created at the end of the 19th century in a pseudo-Byzantine style. The cupola-shaped dome was destroyed during the Second World War. Now a tree grows from the dome. The crypt was created for the family last person from the Barczewski family, but he never created a family and died at the age of 50. He spent one part of the funds on the construction of the crypt, and the rest was donated to charity.

Another monument to Bishop Samuel Stefanovich was made and installed by his order during his serious illness. However, soon the illness passed. He lived for almost thirty more years and constantly looked after his monument.

Cemetery attractions

The Lychakiv cemetery is full of all kinds of legends and mystical places. For example, on the tombstone of the famous publicist J. Galan, a Christian cross appears after the rain. Of course, this is not mysticism. It’s just that the tombstone was made from a stone that had previously been the tombstone of another person, and the master, apparently, did not erase the cross very carefully. In the depths of the cemetery there is the “Rebel Hill of 1863”. Participants of the Polish uprising of 1863 are buried here. Their monuments with steel crosses have original look. The Lychakiv cemetery has more than 500 sculptures and more than 300 thousand burials. The “Lviv Eaglets Memorial” is very popular. Young militiamen who died in 1918 - 1919 during the Ukrainian-Polish War are buried here. Many were under 16 years old. In the north of the Lychakiv cemetery there is the famous Field of Mars. This is a military memorial with 3,800 graves of Soviet soldiers, built in 1974.

An integral part of the city's history that is worth getting to know is the Golden Rose Synagogue, which has a very interesting history.

Lychakiv Cemetery on the map of Lviv

In the historical center of Lviv, in the Lychakovo district, there is one of the oldest cemeteries in Ukraine - the Lychakiv Cemetery. It is here that many famous people of Ukraine, Poland and other countries are buried.

History of the cemetery

The cemetery dates back to 1786. It was this year that, by order of the Emperor of Austria-Hungary, Joseph II, a ban was imposed on the burial..." />

Lychakiv Cemetery, which is located in Lviv, was founded in 1786. It is considered one of the oldest cemeteries not only in Ukraine, but also in Europe. Ukrainian outstanding state and cultural figures, the Polish gentry, the Austrian monarchs, and the Armenian intelligentsia are buried here. On the monuments there are inscriptions in Ukrainian, Russian, Polish, German, Armenian languages. This cemetery contains the whole history of Lviv and Galicia.

Since 1991, the Lychakiv cemetery has the status of a historical and cultural reserve. All new burials are carried out only with the permission of the mayor and in agreement with the chairman of the academic council.

Sub-burials of direct relatives are allowed. Residents of Lvov who emigrated to America, but wished to be buried in their homeland, are buried here.

The Lychakiv cemetery is also known for its legends about buried famous figures.

The famous Lychak "sleeping beauty". Regina Markovskaya.
Several versions of her death are told. According to one of them, Regina was a promising young actress who “got too much into her role” on stage, and died when, according to the script of the play, her heroine was supposed to die. According to another version, she, already a married lady, fell in love with a young womanizer and took poison, unable to bear his constant infidelities. The third, most plausible legend is that the heart of a young woman simply could not bear the tragic loss - the death of her young sons. Both boys, seven and two years old, were buried with their mother. Previously, there was still a stone figure of a weeping angel at the head, and then it disappeared somewhere.

Female figures in mourning poses are mourners. There are a huge number of them on Lychakovsky, in various variations. They say that “tears” actually roll down the faces of some of them in the morning hours. But there is no mysticism in this. If you believe the stories, some sculptors made a system of invisible grooves in the stone, in which morning dew accumulated and flowed out of the holes in the eye area.

One of the most common gravestone images is an angel. Usually it symbolizes the Guardian Angel constantly accompanying the soul of a person, serving as its guide and intercessor in the afterlife. And sometimes his sad sculpture remains on the ground, guarding the grave with ashes.

National historical and cultural museum-reserve"Lychakiv Cemetery" - famous memorial cemetery in Lviv with an area of 40 hectares.
The main entrance to the cemetery is located on Mechnikova Street, 33. There are about 300 thousand burials in the cemetery, located in 86 fields, more than 2,000 crypts were built, and about 500 sculptures and reliefs were installed on the graves.

It has existed since 1786 - after the Austrian authorities banned burying people in old cemeteries that were located in the city around churches. The cemetery was intended for the city center and the IV section of Lviv. Mostly wealthy and prominent residents of the city were buried in the cemetery.

In 1804 and 1808, there was a significant expansion of the cemetery's area through the purchase of adjacent land plots from private owners. The next expansion of the cemetery took place in 1856. Then they invited university botanist Karl Bauer, who, together with the head of the cemetery, Tikh Tkhuzhevsky, organized the territory. Alleys and paths were planned, giving the cemetery the character of a park area.

In 1975, a decision was made to stop burials. An exception is made only for special famous personalities, families with their own crypts, as well as, in in some cases Sub-burials in existing graves of relatives are allowed after the 25-year burial period.

Polish family crypts. Some date back several hundred years. Most of them were looted with the advent of Soviet power.

The grave of the Armenian bishop Samvel Kirill Stefanovich. Again, according to legend, at the age of 75 the bishop became seriously ill and, anticipating his death, ordered a tombstone for himself. By the time the work was completed, the patient’s condition had improved dramatically and the priest was on the mend. He lived another 28 years caring for his own image carved in stone.

And finally, some photos in color...

Many are buried here famous people: writers: Ivan Franko, Markian Shashkevich, Grigory Tyutyunnik, Maria Konopnitskaya, Gabriela Zapolskaya, Yulian Opilsky, Alexander Gavrilyuk, Stepan Tudor, Petr Karmansky, Mikhail Yatskiv, Vasily Pachevsky, Roman Fedorov, Rostislav Bratun, Irina Vilde, Petr Kozlanyuk, Grigory Skuka , Mikhail Rudnitsky, Yuri Shkrumelyak, Grigory Chubai, Yakov Stetsyuk, Igor Rymaruk, Nazar Gonchar, Vasily Levitsky, Mariyka Pidgiryanka;
artists, sculptors: Yaroslava Muzyka, Leopold Levitsky, Elena Kulchitskaya, Yakov Gnezdovsky, Evgeniy Lysik, Emmanuel Misko, Vitaly Ginzburg, Feodosia Brizh, Victor Savin, Yuri Stefanchuk, Evgeniy Dzindra, Mikhail Dzyndra, Igor Bodnar, Arthur Grotger;
architects: Yulian Zaharievich, Ivan Levinsky;
composers: Vladimir Ivasyuk, Igor Bilozir, Stanislav Lyudkevich, Filaret Kolessa, Nikolai Kolessa, Anatol Vakhnyanin, Anatoly Kos-Anatolsky;
folklorists, ethnographers: Vladimir Barvinsky, Vladimir Gnatyuk, Ivan Vagilevich;
artists: Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, Ivan Rubchak, Vasily Yaremenko, Nadezhda Dotsenko, Pavel Karmalyuk, Ivan Matsyalko;
scientists: Stefan Banach, Emelyan Ogonovsky, Alexander Ogonovsky, Karol Shainokha, Isidor Sharanevich, Alexander Barvinsky, Ivan Kripyakevich, Vladimir Levitsky, Vasily Shchurat, Joseph Zastirets, Yaroslav Pidstrigach, Mikhail Sheremetyev, Mikhail Kobrin, Mikhail Rolle, Orest Matsyuk, Yuri Kirichuk Oswald Balser, Benedikt Dybowski;
public and statesmen: Evgeny Petrushevich, Dmitry Vitovsky, Alexander Tisovsky, Mikhail Matchak, Miron Korduba, Ivan Kurovets, Yulian Romanchuk, Yaroslav Baranovsky, Adam Kotsko, Yaroslav Kulachkovsky, Henryk Revakovich;
Galician metropolitans: Grigory Yakhimovich (1792-1863), Spiridon Litvinovich (1810-1869), Bishop Nikolai Charnetsky and others.
The cemetery is distinguished from others by its beautiful monuments of grief (Hartmann Witwer, Anton Schimzer, Joseph Schimzer, Tadeusz Baroncz, Konstantin Godebski, Julian Markovsky, Grigory Kuzniewicz, etc.).
Numerous chapels attract attention. Among them, the chapel of the Armenian Kshechunovich family is distinguished both in size and unusualness. It is located on a hill, and to front door you need to climb 20 steps.

Field of Honor

The “Field of Honor Burials” occupies part of the 67th Field. Established by the transfer here of the mortal remains of Ekaterina Zaritskaya (1914-1986). Her husband Mikhail Soroka (1911-1971) is buried nearby. His ashes were transferred from concentration camp No. 17 in Mordovia in 1991. In 1997, the outstanding figure of the UPA, Petro Duzhoy (1916-1997), was buried here.
As part of the reconstruction, graves have been added to the territory of the Field of Honorary Burials prominent figures crops:
People's Artist of Ukraine Boris Romanitsky (1891-1988)
People's Artist Nadezhda Dotsenko (1914-1994)
ballet dancer Oleg Stalinsky (1907-1980)
Honored Artist of Ukraine Nina Tychinsky (1943-1989)
public figure and poet Rostislav Bratun (1927-1995)
Demyan Pelekhaty (1926-1994)

The main alley of the cemetery begins between the Adamski and Baczewski chapels and runs through the entire cemetery in an elongated oval. At the beginning of the alley, a Ukrainian memorial was formed on fields No. 3, 4, 5 and adjacent ones.

Monuments, graves along the main alley:
monument to the Great Kamenyar on the grave of Ivan Franko - erected in 1933. The plot of the monument by sculptor S. Litvinenko is connected with the famous poem “Masons”.
monument to the “awakeners of Rus'” on the grave of Markiyan Shashkevich, made in the workshop of Henrik Perrier.
monument at the grave of Vladimir Barvinsky by sculptor S. R. Levandovsky.
Nearby is the tomb and burials of the Barvinskys, including in particular Alexander and Vasily Barvinsky.
monument to Orpheus at the grave of Solomiya Krushelnitskaya
monument at the grave of the philanthropist, honorary citizen of Lvov Vasily Ivanitsky.

Oh Lviv, wonderful, ancient, picturesque and mysterious. This is the city in which I want to live, yes, I want to live there, this is not a city, but one continuous UNESCO monument. You already know that in Lviv there is an incredibly delicious chocolate workshop, and today you will learn that a cemetery can be not just a gloomy and dull place where you will be taken at the end of your life, this place can also be a museum or rather a cozy park. To be honest, I can’t even call it a cemetery.
And so, Lychakiv cemetery in Lviv. The monuments and crypts that have stood there for almost 220 years are incredibly beautiful masterpieces of sculpture and architecture, the creations of famous masters who have been protecting the memory of our ancestors from century to century.

The Lychakiv cemetery appeared around 1786. Only the richest residents of Lvov could find peace there. Relatives, seeing off their loved ones on their last journey, clearly did not skimp on hiring famous sculptors to express their love.

Previously, city residents were buried in dungeons near churches, and this led to not very pleasant odors and unsanitary conditions. And only thanks to the Austrian Emperor Joseph II, in 1784, all cemeteries from the city center were moved to the outskirts. Thus, a unique Lychak cemetery appeared on the picturesque hills and terraces of ancient Lviv.

The Lychakiv cemetery is known not only for its beautiful crypts and tombstones, but also for the fact that many interesting stories and legends associated with famous people are buried there.

Representatives of noble Austrian, Polish and Ukrainian families found peace here. In this place you will find monuments to such great figures of politics and art as the poet Ivan Franko, composer Stanislav Lyudkevich, opera singer Solomiya Krushelnitskaya, actress Regina Markovskaya, historian Ivan Kripyakevich.

More than 400,000 graves of people of different nationalities and religions. The inscriptions on the tombstones are carved in German, Serbian, Italian, Polish, Armenian, Latin, Ukrainian, Hebrew and Russian.

The very first burials of Lychakov date back to 1786 and 1797. Since 1804, the cemetery has expanded greatly due to the purchase of land by private individuals. It was no longer just monuments over graves that were built, but monumental family crypts and tombs that would last for centuries.

The main part of the cemetery.

Walking between the sculptures, it seems that you have found yourself in an otherworldly world, and against your will you begin to believe in eternal life, where it is always light, calm and peaceful.

A small, cozy compact crypt.

Entrance to the other world.

She really looks like she's alive.

The crypts are noticeably different from the rich and very rich townspeople.

The crypts bear many family coats of arms.

More than one generation of a noble Lviv family has been buried in this crypt.

Polish tomb.

A stunning monument carved from stone.

A woman mourning her family.

Unfortunately, many monuments are so overgrown with bushes and grass that it is even difficult to get to them.

Many of the sculptures are in poor condition and unkempt.

Each sculpture is very emotional in its own way.

Some sculptures simply chill the soul.

And the barbarians have already tried.

An angel is a symbol of calm, patience and peace. This is a spiritual, intelligent creature with supernatural powers with snow-white wings on its back.
The guardian angel protects you from the day of your birth and remains to stand adamantly near your crypt, protecting you in eternal life.

Monumental.

Centuries pass, and someone's life becomes an exhibit in a museum. You can talk about the beauty of Lychakovo frozen in stone for hours. You need to go there not because you are in Lviv. You need to go to Lviv because the main necropolis of Lvov is there - the Lychakiv cemetery.