Japanese artists of the 19th century and their paintings. Japanese painting

Any girl knows how important it is to carry out daily procedures for cleansing the face of remnants of decorative cosmetics, dust, sweat and secretions of the sebaceous glands. In addition, the skin requires regular peelings and massages to help increase lymph flow, remove dead epidermal cells and saturate the skin with oxygen. Even advanced cosmetic products often fail to cope with these tasks, which leads to early skin aging, the formation of wrinkles, comedones and blackheads.

Facial brush replaces hardware cleaning in beauty salons

A special cosmetic brush comes to the rescue. This universal device makes it possible to cleanse your face in just a couple of minutes, just as professionals do in special clinics and beauty salons. Let's figure out how a facial brush works and find out what the pros and cons of such a cleansing procedure are.

What is a face brush?

Facial brushes are far from new in the beauty industry. American cosmetologists adopted it back in 2001. Brushing allows you to perfectly exfoliate the skin, making it smooth and velvety, so it quickly won a whole army of fans. The brushes have become so popular that their creators have launched production on an industrial scale, and now the device is often used in routine home care.

A modern face brush is an item with a variety of attachments in the form of bristles or foam sponges. The brush head rotates and vibrates easily during use. If you use it without any special cosmetics, then the effect of the brush is reduced to a regular massage. For greater effect, apply a peeling or washing agent to the brush in order to conduct a session of cleansing the pores of any, even the smallest impurities, in parallel with the massage procedures.

Many representatives of the fair sex are so accustomed to using a brush that they cannot imagine facial care and cleansing procedures without it. But remember that any beauty devices must be used correctly and follow clear instructions! Any violation of the rules for using a face brush can cause irreparable harm to the skin.

Pros and cons of using a brush

Cosmetologists highlight the following as the main advantages of using a brush:

the ability to completely clean pores of dust, dirt particles, sebum and cosmetics;
getting rid of peeling and blackheads (in the case of using peeling and scrubbing agents);
gradual improvement appearance skin, eliminating fine wrinkles and achieving a uniform tone due to better oxygen exchange and accelerating lymph flow;
relieving inflammation due to the inhibitory effect on the sebaceous glands;
increasing the effectiveness of creams and masks that are better absorbed by the skin after a deep cleansing procedure.

The negative consequences of using a brush include disruption of the barrier properties of the epidermis. This can happen when the brush is used too often, for a long time, or without using a softener. Girls who are excessively keen on cleansing procedures sooner or later face problems with thinning of the stratum corneum, increasing the risk of infection or causing inflammation.

Regular use of a facial brush relieves your skin of many problems.

A face brush is not a panacea for all dermatological problems, so you need to use it wisely. Before buying and using a brush, analyze the condition of your face. Contraindications to the use of a cleansing brush are:

irritated skin with acne and massive rashes. People with dermatological diseases should not use the brush under any circumstances! Many girls with problem skin often complain that using a brush only aggravates rashes, leading the skin to a state of deep wounds and scars;
period of exacerbation of acne. In this case, the brush will not only cause a painful reaction, but will also lead to the spread of acne throughout the face;
very dry and sensitive skin, which reacts sharply to any mechanical damage. There is a risk of further increasing the sensitivity of the skin by irritating it with the bristles and removing the top layer of the epidermis. During the winter cold, girls with this skin type are advised to use peelings extremely carefully and apply a brush to their face;
skin prone to rosacea (the appearance of blood vessels). Using a brush can provoke the appearance of new blood vessels, as well as aggravate the condition of existing ones;
the presence of raised moles, warts, papillomas on the skin;
herpes in the acute stage.

You should not use a face brush if there are any contraindications.

How to properly cleanse your face with a brush?

To achieve good effect from using a brush, consider the following rules:

Brush attachments must be selected strictly according to your skin type. Test the softest attachment options on your face first. If the skin reacts normally, the stiffness can be gradually increased;
When carrying out procedures, the brush should be moved over the face without pressure. Pressing too hard will not make the procedure more effective - it will only cause irritation;
After each use of the brush, the head should be washed with antibacterial gel or soap to prevent the proliferation of bacterial colonies. If you neglect the cleansing procedure, bacteria will multiply in the bristles of the brush, leading to the appearance of acne;
attachments need to be replaced regularly, as over time they wear out and injure the skin. The lifespan of one nozzle is about 3 months;
girls with oily skin can use brushes during nightly procedures, and those with dry and sensitive skin should limit themselves to 1-2 procedures per week;
when carrying out deep cleansing with a product based on fruit acids, it is better to choose the softest nozzle;
Remember that brushing is a different procedure from makeup removal, so one of them will not replace the other. The brush can only be used when you have already previously cleansed the skin of cosmetics.
The brush should be moved over the face, strictly adhering to the main massage lines. Otherwise, you will not only not get rid of wrinkles, but also provoke the appearance of new ones.

Cryogenic procedures and many others. One of the not entirely new methods is facial brushing (brossage). This is a procedure for cleaning the epidermis of the face using various brushes and attachments.

Why do you need facial brushes?

Brossage can be carried out independently at home, and not just in beauty salons. Brushes are effective because they perfectly cleanse the skin of various impurities and dead skin particles. It also gets rid of acne, cleanses and tightens pores. The brushes have bristles of different hardness and softness, which are designed for different areas faces.

This device cleanses the skin much more effectively than simply washing with water. The procedure can easily replace facial massage and peeling. The surface is leveled, fine wrinkles disappear, and the complexion becomes healthier. Since the session can be performed at home, there is no need to go to beauty salons. Due to cleansing, other products (lotions, tonics) penetrate more deeply into the cells of the epidermis and act much better and more efficiently.
You can use brushes not only for your face, but for everything. It only takes a couple of minutes 1-2 times a week. Brushes need to be selected for your skin type. They can also be used in tandem with cleansers.

Face wash brush

Washing brushes can be ordinary or electric. They perform their task perfectly. It must be removed before the procedure. After that, apply any cleanser (foam, mousse, gel) to the bristles of the brush and you can begin treating your face. The skin should be damp so that the brush glides over it and cleans better. Allow approximately 20-25 seconds for each area of the face to avoid redness and injury to the epidermis. It is recommended to avoid the area around the eyes. Movements should be massage, circular.

Electric facial brush

There are a huge number of electrical gadgets today. Different colors, shapes, brands with various functions, attachments and price categories. An electric brush does an excellent job of removing makeup, smoothing the structure of the skin, and getting rid of acne. The epidermis is also cleared of dead cells.

The electric brushes have a special timer installed, upon the signal of which it turns itself off. There are a variety of attachments available - soft bristles, hard bristles, and soft pumice. After cleansing the epidermis with brushes, cosmetical tools for skin care (nutritive,) penetrate deeper and their effect becomes much greater.

Such devices, first of all, are perfect for representatives of the fair sex with problematic, oily skin. The electric version of the brushes is very simple to use, they rotate the bristles and attachments themselves, you only have to move it around your face or body.
Due to the fact that procedures using brushes get rid of flaking and keratinized particles, the water balance in skin cells is restored, blood circulation improves, tone and elasticity increase. Ideally suited for, you just need to choose a nozzle with softer bristles.

Except everyone positive points There are also some disadvantages. For example, it is not recommended to use brushes for dermatological diseases or severe acne. Also, these procedures should not be abused to avoid irritation and thinning of the upper layer of the epidermis, which in turn can provoke pain and inflammatory processes. After each use, the brush must be thoroughly cleaned and rinsed. If you use dirty bristles, inflammation, acne, and skin diseases may occur.

Facial brush: reviews

Looking through many forums, one can draw vague conclusions. Customer reviews are divided into two halves: some for and others against. It is worth remembering that everyone’s skin type is completely different, and everything is purely individual. Therefore, before purchasing and starting to use brushes, it is better to consult with a specialist in the field of cosmetology.

Some people admire brushes, both simple and electric with all sorts of gadgets. They write that the skin has become much smoother, more elastic, younger, and some imperfections have disappeared. For others, the brushes did not help at all; they did not find any results after long use. For still others, such devices were absolutely not suitable, as new problems with the skin arose (irritation, acne, allergic rashes).

Hokusai, an 18th-century Japanese artist, created a dizzying number artwork. Hokusai worked into old age, invariably asserting that “everything he did before the age of 70 was not worthwhile and not worth attention.”

Perhaps the most famous Japanese artist in the world, he always stood out from his fellow contemporaries for his interest in Everyday life. Instead of depicting glamorous geishas and heroic samurai, Hokusai painted workers, fishermen, and urban genre scenes that were not yet a subject of interest to Japanese art. He also took a European approach to composition.

Here's a short list of key terms to help you navigate Hokusai's work a little.

1 Ukiyo-e are prints and paintings popular in Japan from the 1600s to the 1800s. A movement in Japanese fine art that developed from the Edo period. This term comes from the word "ukyo", which means "changeable world". Uikiye is a hint at the hedonistic joys of the burgeoning merchant class. In this direction, Hokusai is the most famous artist.

Hokusai used at least thirty pseudonyms throughout his life. Despite the fact that the use of pseudonyms was a common practice among Japanese artists of that time, he significantly exceeded other major authors in the number of pseudonyms. Hokusai's pseudonyms are often used to periodize the stages of his work.

2 The Edo period is the time between 1603 and 1868 in Japanese history, then economic growth was noted and new interest to art and culture.

3 Shunrō is the first of Hokusai's aliases.

4 Shunga literally means "picture of spring" and "spring" is Japanese slang for sex. So these are engravings erotic in nature. They were created by the most respected artists, including Hokusai.

5 Surimono. The latest “surimono”, as these custom prints were called, were a huge success. Unlike ukiyo-e prints, which were intended for mass audiences, surimono were rarely sold to the general public.

6 Mount Fuji is a symmetrical mountain that happens to be the tallest in Japan. Over the years, it has inspired many artists and poets, including Hokusai, who published the ukiyo-e series Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji. This series includes Hokusai's most famous prints.

7 Japaneseism - the lasting influence that Hokusai had on subsequent generations Western artists. Japonism is a style inspired bright colors ukiyo-e prints, lack of perspective and compositional experiments.

Art and design

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01.02.18 09:02

Today's art scene Japan is very diverse and provocative: looking at the work of masters from the Country Rising Sun, you will decide that you have arrived on another planet! Home to innovators who have changed the landscape of the industry on a global scale. Here's a list of 10 contemporary Japanese artists and their creations, from the incredible creatures of Takashi Murakami (who celebrates his birthday today) to the colorful universe of Kusama.

From futuristic worlds to dotted constellations: contemporary Japanese artists

Takashi Murakami: traditionalist and classic

Let's start with the hero of the occasion! Takashi Murakami is one of Japan's most iconic contemporary artists, working on paintings, large-scale sculptures and fashion clothing. Murakami's style is influenced by manga and anime. He is the founder of the Superflat movement, supporting Japanese artistic traditions and post-war culture countries. Murakami promoted many of his fellow contemporaries, and we will also meet some of them today. “Subcultural” works of Takashi Murakami are presented in the art markets of fashion and art. His provocative My Lonesome Cowboy (1998) was sold in New York at Sotheby's in 2008 for a record $15.2 million. Murakami collaborated with the world famous brands Marc Jacobs, Louis Vuitton and Issey Miyake.

Quietly Ashima and her surreal universe

A member of the art production company Kaikai Kiki and the Superflat movement (both founded by Takashi Murakami), Chicho Ashima is known for her fantastical cityscapes and strange pop creatures. The artist creates surreal dreams inhabited by demons, ghosts, young beauties, depicted against the backdrop of outlandish nature. Her works are usually large-scale and printed on paper, leather, and plastic. In 2006, this modern Japanese artist participated in Art on the Underground in London. She created 17 consecutive arches for the platform - the magical landscape gradually turned from daytime to nighttime, from urban to rural. This miracle bloomed at Gloucester Road tube station.

Chiharu Shima and the endless threads

Another artist, Chiharu Shiota, works on large-scale visual installations for specific landmarks. She was born in Osaka, but now lives in Germany - in Berlin. The central themes of her work are oblivion and memory, dreams and reality, past and present, and also the confrontation of anxiety. The most famous works Chiharu Shiota - impenetrable networks of black thread, covering many household and personal objects - such as old chairs, Wedding Dress, burnt piano. In the summer of 2014, Shiota tied together donated shoes and boots (of which there were more than 300) with strands of red yarn and hung them on hooks. The first Chiharu exhibition in the German capital took place during the Berlin art week in 2016 and caused a sensation.

Hey Arakawa: everywhere, nowhere

Hei Arakawa is inspired by states of change, periods of instability, elements of risk, and his installations often symbolize themes of friendship and teamwork. The credo of the contemporary Japanese artist is defined by the performative, indefinite “everywhere, but nowhere.” His creations pop up in unexpected places. In 2013, Arakawa's works were exhibited at the Venice Biennale and in the exhibition of the Japanese contemporary art at the Mori Art Museum (Tokyo). The installation Hawaiian Presence (2014) was a collaboration with New York artist Carissa Rodriguez and was included in the Whitney Biennial. Also in 2014, Arakawa and his brother Tomu, performing as a duo called United Brothers, offered visitors to Frieze London their “work” “The This Soup Taste Ambivalent” with “radioactive” Fukushima daikon root vegetables.

Koki Tanaka: Relationships and Repetitions

In 2015, Koki Tanaka was recognized as “Artist of the Year”. Tanaka explores the shared experience of creativity and imagination, encourages exchange between project participants, and advocates for new rules of collaboration. Its installation in the Japanese pavilion at the 2013 Venice Biennale consisted of videos of objects that transformed the space into a platform for artistic exchange. The installations of Koki Tanaka (not to be confused with his full namesake actor) illustrate the relationship between objects and actions, for example, the video contains recordings of simple gestures performed with ordinary objects (a knife cutting vegetables, beer being poured into a glass, opening an umbrella). Nothing significant happens, but obsessive repetition and attention to to the smallest details make the viewer appreciate the worldly.

Mariko Mori and streamlined shapes

Another contemporary Japanese artist, Mariko Mori, “conjures” multimedia objects, combining videos, photographs, and objects. She is characterized by a minimalist futuristic vision and sleek surreal forms. A recurring theme in Mori's work is the juxtaposition of Western legend with Western culture. In 2010, Mariko founded the Fau Foundation, an educational cultural non-profit organization, for which she created a series of art installations honoring the six inhabited continents. Most recently, the Foundation's permanent installation "Ring: One with Nature" was erected over a picturesque waterfall in Resende near Rio de Janeiro.

Ryoji Ikeda: sound and video synthesis

Ryoji Ikeda is a new media artist and composer whose work primarily deals with sound in various “raw” states, from sine waves to noise using frequencies at the edge of human hearing. His immersive installations include computer-generated sounds that are visually transformed into video projections or digital patterns. Ikeda's audiovisual art uses scale, light, shadow, volume, electronic sounds and rhythm. The artist's famous test facility consists of five projectors that illuminate an area 28 meters long and 8 meters wide. The setup converts data (text, sounds, photos and movies) into barcodes and binary patterns of ones and zeros.

Tatsuo Miyajima and LED counters

Contemporary Japanese sculptor and installation artist Tatsuo Miyajima uses electrical circuits, videos, computers and other gadgets in his art. Miyajima's core concepts are inspired by humanistic ideas and Buddhist teachings. The LED counters in his installations flash continuously in repetition from 1 to 9, symbolizing the journey from life to death, but avoiding the finality that is represented by 0 (zero never appears in Tatsuo's work). The ubiquitous numbers in grids, towers, and diagrams express Miyajima's interest in ideas of continuity, eternity, connection, and the flow of time and space. Recently, Miyajima's "Arrow of Time" was shown at the inaugural exhibition "Unfinished Thoughts Visible in New York."

Nara Yoshimoto and the evil children

Nara Yoshimoto creates paintings, sculptures, and drawings of children and dogs—subjects that reflect childhood feelings of boredom and frustration and the fierce independence that comes naturally to toddlers. The aesthetics of Yoshimoto's work are reminiscent of traditional book illustrations, is a mixture of restless tension and the artist's love of punk rock. In 2011, the Asia Society Museum in New York hosted Yoshimoto’s first solo exhibition, entitled “Yoshitomo Nara: Nobody’s Fool,” covering the 20-year career of the contemporary Japanese artist. The exhibits were closely related to global youth subcultures and their alienation and protest.

Yayoi Kusama and space growing into strange forms

Amazing creative biography Kusama's Yayoi spans seven decades. During this time, the amazing Japanese woman managed to study the fields of painting, graphics, collage, sculpture, cinema, engraving, environmental art, installation, as well as literature, fashion and clothing design. Kusama developed a very distinctive style of dot art that has become her trademark. Illusory visions presented in the works of 88-year-old Kusama (when the world seems covered with sprawling outlandish forms), is the result of hallucinations she has experienced since childhood. Rooms with colorful dots and “infinity” mirrors reflecting their clusters are recognizable and cannot be confused with anything else.

Japanese classical painting has a long and interesting story. The fine arts of Japan are presented in different styles and genres, each of which is unique in its own way. Ancient painted figurines and geometric motifs found on bronze dotaku bells and pottery shards date back to 300 AD.

Buddhist orientation of art

The art of wall painting was quite well developed in Japan; in the 6th century, images on the theme of Buddhist philosophy were especially popular. At that time, large temples were being built in the country, and their walls were everywhere decorated with frescoes painted based on scenes from Buddhist myths and legends. Ancient examples of wall paintings are still preserved in the Horyuji Temple near the Japanese city of Nara. Horyuji murals depict scenes from the life of Buddha and other gods. The artistic style of these murals is very close to the pictorial concept popular in China during the Song Dynasty.

The painting style of the Tang Dynasty gained particular popularity in the middle of the Nara period. The frescoes discovered in the Takamatsuzuka tomb date back to around the 7th century AD from this period. Artistic technique, formed under the influence of the Tang dynasty, subsequently formed the basis pictorial genre kara-eh. This genre maintained its popularity until the appearance of the first works in the Yamato-e style. Most of the frescoes and painting masterpieces belong to the brush unknown authors, today many of the works from that period are kept in the Sesoin treasury.

The growing influence of new Buddhist schools such as Tendai influenced the wider religious orientation visual arts Japan in the 8th and 9th centuries. In the 10th century, which saw a special progress in Japanese Buddhism, the genre of raigozu, “welcome paintings” appeared, which depicted the arrival of Buddha in the Western Paradise. Early examples of raigozu, dating back to 1053, can be seen at the Bedo-in Temple, which survives in the city of Uji, Kyoto Prefecture.

Changing styles

In the middle of the Heian period, the Chinese kara-e style was replaced by the Yamato-e genre, which for a long time became one of the most popular and sought-after genres of Japanese painting. The new pictorial style was mainly used in painting folding screens and sliding doors. Over time, yamato-e also moved to horizontal emakimono scrolls. Artists who worked in the emaki genre tried to convey in their works all the emotionality of the chosen plot. The Genji Monogatari Scroll consisted of several episodes strung together, with artists of the time using quick brush strokes and bright, expressive colors.

E-maki is one of the oldest and most prominent examples of otoko-e, a genre of representation. male portraits. Women's portraits highlighted in separate genre onna-uh. Between these genres, in fact, just like between men and women, quite significant differences are visible. The onna-e style is colorfully represented in the design of the Tale of Genji, where the main themes of the drawings are romantic subjects and scenes from court life. Men's style otoko-e is predominantly artistic image historical battles and other important events in the life of the empire.

The classical Japanese art school has become fertile ground for the development and promotion of the ideas of contemporary art in Japan, in which the influence of pop culture and anime can be clearly seen. One of the most famous Japanese artists of our time can be called Takashi Murakami, whose work is devoted to depicting scenes from Japanese life post-war period and the concept of maximum fusion fine art and mainstream.

From famous Japanese artists classical school we can name the following.

Tense Xubun

Syubun worked at the beginning of the 15th century, devoting a lot of time to studying the works of Chinese masters of the Song Dynasty; this man stood at the origins of the Japanese visual genre. Shubun is considered the founder of the sumi-e style, monochrome ink painting. He made a lot of efforts to popularize the new genre, turning it into one of the leading areas of Japanese painting. Syubun's students were many who later became famous artists, including Sesshu and the founder of the famous art school Kano Masanobu. Many landscapes were attributed to Xubun, but his most famous work is traditionally considered “Reading in a Bamboo Grove.”

Ogata Korin (1658-1716)

Ogata Korin is one of the major artists in the history of Japanese painting, the founder and one of the brightest representatives artistic style rimpa. Korine boldly moved away from traditional stereotypes in his works, forming his own style, the main characteristics of which were small forms and bright impressionism of the plot. Korin is known for his special skill in depicting nature and working with abstract color compositions. "Plum blossom red and white" is one of the most famous works Ogata Korina, his paintings “Chrysanthemums”, “Waves of Matsushima” and a number of others are also known.

Hasegawa Tohaku (1539-1610)

Tohaku is the founder of the Japanese Hasegawa school of art. For early period Tohaku's creativity is characterized by the influence of the famous school of Japanese painting Kano, but over time the artist formed his own unique style. In many ways, Tohaku’s work was influenced by the works of the recognized master Sesshu; Hosegawa even considered himself the fifth successor of this great master. Hasegawa Tohaku’s painting “Pines” has gained worldwide fame; his works “Maple”, “Pines and Flowering Plants” and others are also known.

Kano Eitoku (1543-1590)

The Kano school style dominated the visual arts of Japan for about four centuries, and Kano Eitoku is perhaps one of the most famous and prominent representatives this art school. Eitoku was favored by the authorities, the patronage of aristocrats and wealthy patrons could not but contribute to the strengthening of his school and the popularity of his works, no doubt very much talented artist. The eight-panel Cypress sliding screen, painted by Eitoku Kano, is a true masterpiece and shining example the scope and power of the Monoyama style. Other works by the master, such as “Birds and Trees of the Four Seasons”, “Chinese Lions”, “Hermits and a Fairy” and many others, look no less interesting.

Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849)

Hokusai – greatest master genre of ukiyo-e (Japanese woodcut). Hokusai's creativity received global recognition, his fame in other countries is not comparable to that of most Asian artists, his work " A big wave in Kanagawa" became something like business card Japanese fine art on the world art scene. On your own creative path Hokusai used more than thirty pseudonyms; after sixty, the artist devoted himself entirely to art, and it was this time that is considered the most fruitful period of his work. Hokusai's works influenced the work of Western masters of impressionism and the post-impressionist period, including the work of Renoir, Monet and van Gogh.