The story of the great Russian writer Mikhail Lermontov is the first in literature to reveal the problems of personality psychology. It is not based on events, but on the intricate life path of the protagonist, who is trying to get a solution to his spiritual problems.

Exciting questions about fate, predestination and society at the time the work was written are reflected in contradictory image bright Pechorin and form the basis of the chapter “Fatalist”.

Statements of the author of the story and the beliefs of the hero

In the person of Grigory Aleksandrovich Pechorin, a representative of his contemporaries, Mikhail Lermontov proves that it is impossible to explain everything in life and predetermine the future.

The author claims that a person must have strength, courage, and be rebellious to circumstances. This is Pechorin - he considers only himself the only creator of his destiny. He is his own master and creator life rules, seeks meaning in life's existence, does not believe in higher justice. What can you offer him in return?

The hero's thoughts about the meaning of life

Grigory Pechorin believes that life meaning hidden in life itself. Everyone is given time, and nothing can stop them from living the allotted time. He strives to solve difficult questions: whether man was created by an extraterrestrial force and whether the laws of morality are established from above, or man himself controls fate, mind and will. He puts himself in danger to test whether there is a predestination of the earthly path.

Contradictions and fateful signs

The existence of predestination is confirmed in the plot. First - through a misfire at Vulich. In this case, the hero did not believe in “predestination” and, to console his pride, makes a bet, wanting to fray his nerves.

Then - when Grigory Pechorin, a few seconds before the pistol fired, saw the mark of death on his opponent’s face. Here there is an obvious contradiction to one’s own beliefs: if there is no predestination, then where did this sign come from, and why did the bullet pass by if Vulich’s time had already come to die? But he soon learns that fate has played a trick on his friend. cruel joke. Without dying from a bullet, he dies from a saber from a drunken Cossack.

The hero understands that if he had walked along Vulich’s path (along which he was returning), he himself could have been stabbed to death. This means that fate decreed otherwise; his hour of death awaits him somewhere, not here and not now.

The hero's faith in signs of fate

The above situation cannot answer the question, does he agree with the existence of predestination? If he admits that everything has been decided for him, then he may lose interest in life, which means he must humbly wait for his end. What if a person’s life is only in his own hands, then how to explain accidents. He recognizes the existence of fatalism, but not without the constant participation of the person himself and his actions.

The essence of a fatalist's life position

The main character strives to penetrate into the depths of his own soul; he is no longer subject to the conviction that the only possibility development of humanity - self-improvement. This has led to the fact that the hero does not expect anything from his life path and has lost the desire for anything. He tries to improve by denying everything, and does not look for easy ways out.

Throughout the entire story, Grigory Alexandrovich believes in an extraterrestrial force, which he cannot resist, but does not change his principles: to fight, to go against circumstances and society.

This story gives us the opportunity to understand the difficult Pechorinsky character, that life position, which is inherent in the generation of his century. The views of the main character define the philosophy of life, an attempt to answer the question about the meaning of existence, values ​​and the very purpose of man.

In the novel “Hero of Our Time,” Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov tries to reflect the spiritual problems that worried society at the time the work was created. The question of “chance”, “fate”, “predestination”, included in the circle philosophical problems, which were especially interesting to Lermontov’s contemporaries, is the basis for the chapter “Fatalist”. So, what about Pechorin, bright representative Lermontov's contemporaries, related to this problem and did he believe in predestination?
It turns out that this question was indeed relevant, especially after the events of December 14, 1825. He worried many representatives of the Russian intelligentsia. Are great events a consequence of the socio-political activities of individuals or inevitable? Lermontov in “Fatalist” uniquely substantiated the belief that “a person must be active, proud, strong, courageous in struggle and danger, not subject to and disobedient to circumstances.”
The plot of the novel confirms the reality of predestination three times: the first time, when Vulich misfired; in the second - when Pechorin “read the seal of death on the face” of Vulich; and in the third - when main character“I decided to tempt fate” and neutralize the distraught drunken Cossack. In the first case, Pechorin absolutely does not believe in the so-called “predestination” and decides to make a bet with Vulich just for fun. Grigory Alexandrovich is tired of life and is looking for ways to “tickle his nerves.” A few moments before Vulich pulled the trigger, Pechorin saw “some terrible imprint of an inevitable fate” on his face - the imprint of death.
IN in this case the hero himself contradicts his beliefs: if there is no predestination, then where does this imprint come from? And if he appeared, then why did the misfire happen... “It seemed to me as if you were definitely going to die today,” Pechorin said to Vulich. The main character is confused - what is happening: on the one hand, the case showed that it is not yet time for Vulich to die, on the other, death has already marked him with its terrible sign.
Already at night, Pechorin learns that his betting partner was hacked to death by a drunken Cossack. What happens - fate played a cruel joke? The fact is that Pechorin walked home the same way. If he had appeared there a little earlier, and - who knows, maybe Pechorin himself would have been in Vulich’s place now! But this did not happen, which means that fate decided so. The hero will die at another time and in another place.
Grigory Alexandrovich does not want to recognize or admit this. Therefore, he “tempts fate” once again, deciding to neutralize the bully alone. His opponent shoots... And again luck (or predestination?) is on the side of the protagonist: the bullet only tore off his epaulette. However, Pechorin is again in doubt: “After all this, how can one not become a fatalist?” But who knows for sure whether he is convinced of this or not... And how often do we mistake a deception of feelings or a lapse of reason for a belief?
According to Pechorin, if everything is predetermined and known from the beginning, then life becomes boring, there is no incentive, no interest. But the main character himself admits that he doubts everything: “this disposition of mind does not interfere with the decisiveness of character.” And he says that he moves forward more boldly when he does not know what awaits him. After all, nothing worse can happen than death—and you can’t escape death! This is confirmed by the case with Vulich: the imprint of death that Pechorin saw justified itself. Vulich's fate was predetermined. Having avoided a stray bullet, he died on the same day from drunken hand…
We now see that it is impossible to unambiguously answer the question: does Pechorin believe in predestination? If we admit that everything has already been decided for a person, everything has been calculated, then many people will lose interest in what is happening. Why strive for the impossible? If we assume that a person’s life is in his hands, then how to explain the happy “accidents” that constantly occur in the life of the main character? What does Pechorin decide? He recognizes fatalism as a fact that undoubtedly exists, but at the same time he does not exclude active intervention, freedom of action, a decisive intervention in the given course of events. A person decides his own destiny as he sees fit.
This is the essence of the main character: he does not look for easy paths in life, cannot submit to the obvious, and tries to self-realize through denial. Pechorin admits that he “entered this life having already experienced it mentally,” and he is “bored and disgusted, like someone who reads a bad imitation of him long ago.” famous book”.
And yet, throughout the chapter we see that Pechorin, perhaps on a subconscious level, believes in higher power, which a person cannot resist. But he remains true to his principle - to go against everything, to resist public opinion, even on the issue of fatalism!

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Did Pechorin believe in predestination? (based on the chapter “Fatalist” from M. Yu. Lermontov’s novel “Hero of Our Time”)

“A Hero of Our Time” is a novel by one hero. The image of Pechorin is collective, as Lermontov himself says, it consists of “the vices of our entire generation in their full development.” You should pay attention to the composition of the novel. It consists of five independent parts, united by the main character, which the author invites us to study not in chronological order, but in the one that better reveals Pechorin’s character.

From this point of view, the last chapter “Fatalist”, which is, as it were, the finale, is of particular interest to us. the finishing touch in the portrait of Grigory Alexandrovich.

In the previous chapters, the author portrays to us a person with an extraordinary analytical mind, who knows all his shortcomings and weaknesses, shows controversial personality. He is disillusioned with life, his fate is full of tragedy, he makes other people unhappy, “often without malice, always without regret...” Pechorin was never able to unravel his destiny, was unable to spend the strength of his “immense soul” as he should have, I didn't find a purpose in life.

IN last chapter Pechorin arrives on the left flank, in Cossack village. There he spends time playing cards with the officers. One day the conversation turned to the fact that “man’s fate is written in heaven.” Officer Vulich resolutely opposes this point of view and makes a bet with Pechorin. He shoots himself in the temple with a pistol, but the shot turns out to be a blank. The next one is real. It would seem that the dispute has been resolved, but Pechorin, watching Vulich, sees the “seal of death” on his face and tells him about it, but Vulich does not believe him. Grigory Alexandrovich is still convinced that the officer will die today. And so it happens: he is accidentally killed by a Cossack.

The theme of predestination runs throughout the novel. Pechorin remains controversial on this issue. On the one hand, he notices the “stamp of death” on Vulich’s face, that is, he believes in predestination, but on the other hand, he ridicules people who believe that the stars take part in their lives. He argues that it has always been more convenient for people to believe that the luminaries take part in their lives, tries to sort out his feelings, to come to a common opinion: “The incident of this evening made a rather deep impression on me and irritated my nerves; I don’t know for sure whether I now believe in predestination or not, but that evening I firmly believed in it: the proof was striking, and despite the fact that I laughed at our ancestors and their helpful astrology, I unwittingly fell into their rut.”

The officers' opinions about fate are also contradictory. Someone asks why a person needs reason and will if everything has already been decided, and someone exclaims that you cannot escape your fate.

But the most important thing is the last episode in the story, when the entire village gathers at the hut of Yefimych (the Cossack who killed Vulich). What stands out from all of them is the face of his mother, full of despair. According to Pechorin, Efimych’s gaze does not express determination, but no one dared to break down the door of the hut. The old esaul offers to shoot the criminal through the crack, in front of his mother, without giving him the opportunity to repent. Then Pechorin commits a reckless and at the same time Noble act: He sneaks into the hut and captures the Cossack alive, saving him from certain death. He seems to be testing his fate, knowing that if he is destined to die, then nothing will save him. But Pechorin remains alive.

As we learned at the beginning of the diary, he died on the way to Persia. But in our eyes he looks completely different by the end of the story. He becomes a hero. Not one of an entire generation, taken as an example of a set of vices, but outstanding personality, with its advantages and disadvantages; a contradictory, tired person who, despite all the difficulties and troubles that he had in his short life path met many, continues to believe that he will receive deliverance, that his life will improve, that he will find a goal and achieve it. He is boldly aware of all his actions and thoughts, intentions and desires.

By disarming the killer, Pechorin commits, probably, the first act that makes sense. He is a fatalist, but does not believe that “you cannot escape your fate.” First, he immorally risks someone else's life, then he puts his own at risk. This is another contradiction. This is the whole of Pechorin, the hero of our time.

Did Pechorin have faith in “fate” in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "Hero of Our Time" (Chapter "Fatalist").

In the novel “A Hero of Our Time,” Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov tries to reflect the spiritual problems that worried society at the time the work was created. The question of “chance,” “fate,” “predestination,” which was part of the range of philosophical problems that especially interested Lermontov’s contemporaries, forms the basis of the chapter “Fatalist.” So, how did Pechorin, a prominent representative of Lermontov’s contemporaries, feel about this problem and did he believe in predestination?

It turns out that this question was indeed relevant, especially after the events of December 14, 1825. He worried many representatives of the Russian intelligentsia. Are great events a consequence of the socio-political activities of individuals or inevitable? Lermontov in “Fatalist” uniquely substantiated the belief that “a person must be active, proud, strong, courageous in struggle and danger, not subject to and disobedient to circumstances.”

The plot of the novel confirms the reality of predestination three times: the first time, when Vulich misfired; in the second - when Pechorin “read the seal of death on the face” of Vulich; and in the third - when the main character “decided to tempt fate” and neutralize the distraught drunken Cossack. In the first case, Pechorin absolutely does not believe in the so-called “predestination” and decides to make a bet with Vulich just for fun. Grigory Alexandrovich is tired of life and is looking for ways to “tickle his nerves.” A few moments before Vulich pulled the trigger, Pechorin saw “some terrible imprint of an inevitable fate” on his face - the imprint of death.

In this case, the hero himself contradicts his beliefs: if there is no predestination, then where does this imprint come from? And if he appeared, then why did the misfire happen?... “It seemed to me as if you were definitely going to die today,” Pechorin said to Vulich. The main character is confused - what is happening: on the one hand, the case showed that it is not yet time for Vulich to die, on the other, death has already marked him with its terrible sign.

Already at night, Pechorin learns that his bet partner was hacked to death by a drunken Cossack. What happens - fate played a cruel joke? The fact is that Pechorin walked home the same way. If he had appeared there a little earlier, and - who knows, maybe Pechorin himself would have been in Vulich’s place now!.. But this did not happen, which means that fate decided so. The hero will die at another time and in another place.

Grigory Alexandrovich does not want to recognize or admit this. Therefore, he “tempts fate” once again, deciding to neutralize the bully alone. His opponent shoots... And again luck (or predestination?) is on the side of the protagonist: the bullet only tore off his epaulette. However, Pechorin is again in doubt: “After all this, how can one not become a fatalist?” But who knows for sure whether he is convinced of this or not?... And how often do we mistake a deception of feelings or a lapse of reason for a belief?

According to Pechorin, if everything is predetermined, known from the beginning, then life becomes boring, there is no incentive, no interest. But the main character himself admits that he doubts everything: “this disposition of mind does not interfere with the decisiveness of character.” And he says that he moves forward more boldly when he does not know what awaits him. After all, nothing worse can happen than death—and you can’t escape death! This is confirmed by the case with Vulich: the imprint of death that Pechorin saw justified itself. Vulich's fate was predetermined. Having avoided a stray bullet, he died that same day from a drunken hand...

We now see that it is impossible to unambiguously answer the question: does Pechorin believe in predestination? If we admit that everything has already been decided for a person, everything has been calculated, then many people will lose interest in what is happening. Why strive for the impossible? If we assume that a person’s life is in his hands, then how to explain the happy “accidents” that constantly occur in the life of the main character? What does Pechorin decide? He recognizes fatalism as a fact that undoubtedly exists, but at the same time, he does not exclude active intervention, freedom of action, a decisive intervention in the given course of events. A person decides his own destiny as he sees fit.

This is the essence of the main character: he does not look for easy paths in life, cannot submit to the obvious, and tries to self-realize through denial. Pechorin admits that he “entered this life having already experienced it mentally,” and he is “bored and disgusted, like someone who reads a bad imitation of a book he has known for a long time.”

And yet, throughout the entire chapter we see that Pechorin, perhaps on a subconscious level, believes in a higher power that man is unable to resist. But he remains true to his principle - to go against everything, to resist public opinion, even on the issue of fatalism!

THE TASK FOR THOSE WHO HAVE READ M.YU. LERMONTOV'S "HERO OF OUR TIME" IS VERY NECESSARY. I'M BETWEEN A F AND A F AND I NEED TO DO THIS WORK. PLEASE

HELP!!!

1) What is it called last story novel?

2) How many stories are there in Pechorin’s magazine?

3) Whose portrait is this: "...he had the most robber's face: small, dry, broad-shouldered... And he was as dexterous as a devil! The beshmet was always torn, in patches, and the weapon was in silver"?

4) Finish the phrase. “A Hero of Our Time,” my dear sirs, is like a portrait, but not of one person: it is a portrait made up of vices...”

5) Add the title of the story. The smuggler Yanko, the "undine", the blind boy are the heroes...

6) What did Grushnitsky drop at the well to attract Mary’s attention?

7) Why did Pechorin begin to court Princess Mary?

8) Who did Pechorin fight with in a duel?

9) What does the title of the story “Fatalist” mean?

11) Why was Maxim Maksimych offended by Pechorin?

12) Who did Vera love?

13) Which of the heroes of the novel sings the song: “Gold will buy four wives,
A dashing horse has no price"?

14) Did Maxim Maksimych and Princess Mary know each other?

15) “... these gentlemen, probably in a hurry, forgot to put a bullet in my pistol...” Whose pistol was not loaded during the duel?

I urgently need an essay on the story Dead Souls, on one of the topics: 1. Pechorin - a “suffering egoist” 2. The duel scene in the novel “Hero of Our Time” 3.

Role female images in the novel "Hero of Our Time" 4. Features of the composition in the novel "Hero of Our Time"

1. Who is the author of “A Hero of Our Time”?

2. On behalf of whom is the narrative told in “A Hero of Our Time”?
3. Who is Maxim Maksimych?
4. What is his title?
5. Who was Pechorin, what was his name and patronymic?
6. What did Kazbich and Azamat do for a living?
7. Who is Bela from “A Hero of Our Time”?
8. What were Pechorin’s feelings towards Bela?
9. How old was Bela?
10. Was her wound fatal?
11. If yes, how many days did Bela live after being wounded?
12. Who is to blame for what Bela experienced?

Questions about the work Hero of Our Time!

1. The youth called him Mephistopheles; he showed that he was angry for this nickname, but in fact it flattered his pride. Who are these words about? Why exactly was this nickname given to this person? 2. How does Pechorin explain his inability to make friends? 3. Pechorin’s heart was excited by feelings for two ladies at once. Who are they? Why exactly do they disturb his peace? 4. Grushnitsky hit the table with his fist and began walking back and forth around the room. I laughed internally and even smiled twice, but fortunately he didn’t notice. What did the conversation about bring Grushnitsky to such a state? 5. How does Pechorin explain Vera’s passion for him? 6. What did Grushnitsky and Pechorin argue about after the sudden appearance of Pechorin in a Circassian costume in front of Mary and Grushnitsky? 7. Why did Pechorin delay his real acquaintance with Princess Mary? What was he waiting for? When was he going to formally introduce himself to her? 8.Why did the ladies dislike Mary? 9. Did Pechorin know that at the ball Mary would expect a cruel joke from those who disliked her? 10. What was the first thing Pechorin decided to tell about Grushnitsky when he began communicating with Princess Mary? Why did he do this? 11. These are Grushnitsky’s jokes! – I thought. Why did Pechorin decide that Grushnitsky had already begun to take revenge on him and Mary? 12. At what point was Pechorin ready to forgive everything to Grushnitsky? 13. How did Pechorin explain his aversion to marriage?