Pasternak and Sviridov. “It’s snowing. Instilling in schoolchildren a love for the Fatherland in the process of studying the musical heritage of G.V.
It's snowing, it's snowing.
To the white stars in a snowstorm
Geranium flowers stretch
For the window frame.
It's snowing and everything is in turmoil,
Everything starts to fly...
A small cantata based on poems by Boris Pasternak
“It’s Snowing” is Sviridov’s appeal to Pasternak’s poetry after many decades of reflection. It is curious that “this poet, close to music in his life and musical in his poems, nevertheless, apparently, has never before attracted the attention of composers,” writes A. Sokhor, a researcher of Sviridov’s work. “Sviridov, thus... acted as a pioneer, and not in the figurative, but in the literal sense of the word.”
For his small cantata, Sviridov selected three poems from the last period of the poet’s work, united by the theme “the artist and time.” These are “It's Snowing...” (1957), “Soul” and “Night” (1956). The little cantata was completed in 1965. The premiere took place on December 21, 1966 in Moscow, in the Great Hall of the Conservatory.
(0:00) - It’s snowing. Commodo
(1:45) - Soul. Moderato con moto
(6:00) - Night. Animate
1st part, "It is snowing", conveys the measured, non-stop passage of time: sopranos and altos sing monotonously, on the same note, the orchestral part fascinates with the repetition of two unsteady chords, with a lulling descending intonation.
In the 2nd part, "Soul", monotonous whirling reminds of the smooth passage of time in the 1st. Here, the sparse accompaniment with drawn-out sounds, against the backdrop of which unfolds a simple tune in the spirit of a city song, creates a feeling of internal concentration, detachment from everything external.
3rd part, "Night", unexpected in its decision. This is a children's song sung by children's voices. The treble plays a simple, almost primitive melody, accompanied by light, staccato chords. Images of night life, the bottomless depths of the sky are conveyed by the simplest means, but even more unexpected is the conclusion in which the call arises:
Don't sleep, don't sleep, artist,
Don't give in to sleep
You are a hostage to eternity,
Trapped by time.
Influence of poetry on classical music
1.Poetry by Boris Pasternak and music by Georgy Sviridov
Read an excerpt from the poem “It’s Snowing” by Boris Paz ternaka (1890-1960),to which Georgy Sviridov(1915-1998) composed a song of the same namecantata, and then listen to the music itself.
G. Sviridov
|
It's snowing, it's snowing |
It's snowing, it's snowing, |
Maybe year after year |
It's snowing, it's snowing, |
|
It's snowing, it's snowing, |
It's snowing, thick and thick, |
It's snowing, it's snowing, |
Listen to the fragment
Reverse special attention to the timbre colorfulness of the orchestra, the expressiveness of the sound of string instruments,
celesta , flutes, alternating female choir parts.
Answer the question:
Is this just a lyrical sketch? winter nature?
2. Analysis of B. Pasternak's poem "It's snowing"
Most of Boris Leonidovich's later poems on the theme of nature are devoted to winter. The poem “It's Snowing” is one of them. It was written in 1957.
This is a lyrical work about the transience of human life:
Maybe year after year
Follow as the snow falls
Or like the words in a poem?
“It’s snowing” is the name of the poem, and it begins with these words:
It's snowing, it's snowing...
This phrase runs like a refrain throughout the entire work: it is repeated in every stanza except the fourth and fifth, and in the last it sounds three times. Thanks to the personifications “snow is falling”, “the firmament is falling”, the unity of the lyrical hero with the world around him, their emotional and psychological equality is emphasized. Everything that the lyrical hero sees is shrouded in a white veil. His gaze slides from top to bottom, from object to object.
“White stars”, “geranium flowers”, “window frame”, “back steps”, “crossroads”, “firmament” - everything comes into view through the falling snow. Gradually the snowfall intensifies: “white stars” turn into flakes, and in the sixth stanza - “the snow is falling thick and thick.”
Everything merges into a single whole, creating the illusion of movement and circulation. The lyrical hero becomes an integral part of this magical, bewitching, fabulous action. And we, without suspecting it, are immersed in this world and, caught up in snowflakes, find ourselves in a whirlpool.
The feeling of movement in the poem is created through the use of present tense verbs (“stretch”, “start”, “goes down”, “passes”). A special role is played by the verb “goes”, which is used ten times in the text.
“It’s snowing” gives poetic speech a smoother, melodious sound. The parallelism of the lines “it’s snowing” - “life doesn’t wait” emphasizes the ideological intent of the verse.
The lyrical hero plays a special role in this poem. He feels deeply, but is not carried away by his feelings and experiences. Seeing the beauty surrounding him, we also comprehend the meaning of the universe,meaning of life. This is the beauty of Boris Pasternak's poems.
3. Task 2.
Listen to "It's Snowing" again G. Sviridova. Observing the development of the melody and comparing poetic, musical images, as well as the image of the painting “Courtyard in St. Petersburg” by M. Dobuzhinsky.
Perform "It's Snowing" along with the recording.
Answer the questions:
1. What does the metrical uniformity of music resemble? How did the composer, depicting the landscape, convey the non-stop passage of time and express the idea of its infinity?
2. What expressive role does the alternation of female choir parts: alto - soprano play?
3. What does the choir accompaniment sound like? What instruments give music a sense of fantasy, bell-like sound, and upward striving? In what mode does the music of this part of the cantata sound?
Watch a FILM about the symphony orchestra instrument - CHELESTA
Listen to "It's Snowing" performed by contemporary musician Sergei Nikitin.
He performs these verses in his own way. Compare with the music of G. Sviridov.
4. Georgy Sviridov - a bright representative of Russian art
Music, the nature of the native country, the fate of man... It is these “beginnings” that fuel the inspiration of composers, poets, writers, their thoughts about the meaning of life, the beauty of their native land, the spiritual beauty of man and the talented people of whom the Fatherland can rightfully be proud .
In his work, G. Sviridov constantly turns to vocal genres. In his romances and choral works he is surprisingly sensitive toword , masterfully emphasizing its meaning and expressiveness with correctly found musical intonations, rhythm, colorful timbres of voices and orchestra. The composer's music is rooted in the life of the Russian people, in their mental makeup and character, in the nature of Russia.
5. G. Sviridov "Pushkin's wreath"
In June 1979, when the 180th anniversary of the birth of A.S. Pushkin was celebrated,Sviridov’s new composition “Pushkin’s Wreath” was performed for the first time - a concert for choir.
These are ten numbers that make up a single whole. The ten poems for which the choirs are written are not related to each other in content - they are made into a single whole by the music, sublime in mood and at the same time concrete in its imagery, and sometimes even picturesqueness.
Remember A.S. Pushkin’s poem “Winter Morning”.
Frost and sun; wonderful day!
You are still dozing, dear friend -
It's time, beauty, wake up:
Open your closed eyes
Towards northern Aurora,
Be the star of the north!
In the evening, do you remember, the blizzard was angry,
There was darkness in the cloudy sky;
The moon is like a pale spot
Through the dark clouds it turned yellow,
And you sat sad -
And now... look out the window:
Under blue skies
Magnificent carpets,
Glistening in the sun, the snow lies;
The transparent forest alone turns black,
And the spruce turns green through the frost,
And the river glitters under the ice.
Sliding on the morning snow,
Dear friend, let's indulge in running
impatient horse
And we'll visit the empty fields,
The forests, recently so dense,
And the shore, dear to me.
This poem opens the concert for the choir "Pushkin's Wreath".
Listen
Now listen to another piece from “Pushkin’s Wreath” -
Answer the question:
2. Why do you think the work of Georgy Sviridov is compared to a song?
G. Sviridov cantata “It’s snowing”
“Little triptych” is the name of the cantata “It’s Snowing”, written by the outstanding Russian composer Georgy Vasilyevich Sviridov. He created this miniature masterpiece of vocal and instrumental music based on the works of Boris Pasternak, a wonderful poet whose work for some reason did not attract the attention of other composers. The cantata “It’s Snowing” is a very representative work in Sviridov’s work. Georgy Vasilyevich, using minimal means, every note and every intonation, managed to achieve maximum content and convey the complexity of the essence of the poetic works that are the literary basis of this work.
History of creation
It is known that Georgy Sviridov in his work he gave preference to vocal and choral genres. When choosing a literary basis for his works, the composer was very careful in the selection of material. Of course, his priority was such brilliant poets as A. S. Pushkin, M. Lermontov, N. Nekrasov, R. Burns. In addition, Sviridov did not ignore the works of V. Mayakovsky A. Tvardovsky and was very kind to A. Blok and S. Yesenin; the composer wrote more than 50 works based on the latter’s poems. Boris Pasternak also occupied a special place among the composer’s favorite poets. Sviridov became interested in the poet’s work even during his years of study at the conservatory and even then tried to compose something based on his poems, but the young maestro was extremely dissatisfied with what he achieved.
More than a decade passed before Georgy Vasilyevich again returned to the work of the outstanding poet, but this time the compositional skills acquired over the years allowed him to create a real masterpiece. In 1965, after completing the cantata “Wooden Rus'”, which was based on the poems of S. Yesenin, Sviridov decided to continue working in the same genre, only now, choosing a literary basis, he settled on the works of Pasternak. Sviridov selected only three poems for the cantata: “It’s snowing,” “Soul,” and “Night.” They are united by one common philosophical theme - man’s attitude to time: people do not value time at all, but it is so fleeting. One moment is a moment and cannot be lived twice.
Sviridov did not work on the cantata for long; he completed the work in the same 1965. It was first performed in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory at the end of December next 1966.
Interesting Facts
- Georgy Sviridov, having written a cantata based on the poems of Boris Pasternak, became the first composer to turn to the work of the outstanding poet.
- The composer was very fond of Pasternak's poetry and it was on his poems that he wrote his first romances, but considered them so unsuccessful that he did not even note them in the list of his works.
- Sviridov could not choose from Pasternak’s works something that would be suitable for the middle part of the cantata “It’s Snowing.” The composer found the poem “Soul” in one of the foreign sources, since it was never published in the Soviet Union. The poet really reflected in this work the negative aspects of the regime that was established after the victory of the Bolsheviks.
- The cantata “It's Snowing” is the smallest work in this genre among the works of Russian composers.
- Pasternak wrote the poem “It’s Snowing” in 1957. This period of life was very difficult in the poet’s life, since after the publication abroad of Doctor Zhivago, which in the Soviet Union was called a slanderous novel, pressure from government authorities increased on him. Being in a broken state of mind, he dedicated most of the poems about nature that Boris Leonidovich wrote at this time to winter.
- When Sviridov's music was first performed abroad in the 60s, French, Spanish and English listeners were not familiar with the works of this composer, and they also did not know the Russian language. However, Georgy Vasilyevich’s music had such an emotional impact on the audience that those present at the concerts shed tears.
- Conductors always complained that working with Georgiy Vasilyevich was very difficult. While at rehearsals before the concert performance of his vocal works, he made no claims to either the solo vocalists, the choir, or the orchestra, but he could verbally destroy the conductor.
- Once, during a rehearsal of one of his creations, Sviridov could not get the musicians to perform the performance he had planned. Having exhausted the conductor, choir and orchestra, he sadly lamented that apparently he had written the piece incorrectly. The composer was not present at the last rehearsal - he was ill, and the conductor, at his own peril and risk, took the initiative in interpreting the composer's work. Having heard his work at the concert, Georgy Vasilyevich after the performance told everyone with relief that he had written it correctly.
The first part of the cantata gives the title to the entire work. From the very beginning, the four-time repetition of the phrase “it’s snowing” sets the listener up for a certain monotony, the kind we hear in the non-stop ticking of a clock counting down time. Also monotonousand the choir sounds measuredly: the entire first quatrain is sung by sopranos and altos on only one note, F-sharp. The accompaniment is also peculiar: dissonant chords, in which one of the sounds makes a downward movement for a “small second,” are constantly repeated through the measure. The choir sings the second quatrain on the note “A”, and in the third it returns to “F” again. Then these two notes change among themselves.
The middle part of the Sviridov cantata is the poem “Soul”, in which the poet reflects on his painful duty: he must pass all human sorrow, torment and deprivation through his heart and carry a heavy burden in his soul all his life. The melodic line of the choir part in the second part is quite simple, but very expressive. It is very reminiscent in its character of a sad city song, as it is a little monotonous, and besides, it was written by the composer in verse form and in three-beat time. The choir part is performed against the backdrop of sparse accompaniment: sustained sounds of orchestral accompaniment, creating a feeling of detachment.
The third section of the cantata, “Night,” is the direct opposite of the previous two parts. It contains a cheerful, simple melody, accompanied by light, abrupt chords. It is very moving, written in a light “C major” and performed by sonorous children’s voices. It may seem strange that Sviridov entrusted the performance of serious poems to a children's choir, but this was done by the composer intentionally, since the call to the artist at the end of the poem: “Not knowing how to tire of fulfilling one’s duty” comes more convincingly from children’s lips.
Vocal and instrumental creativity Georgy Sviridov– this is bright music that deeply affects the feelings of listeners. It is filled with moral purity and high spirituality. The composer’s work has everything - pictures of nature, the history of the Motherland and the fate of people. He portrays a person, lifting him up pathetically, thereby awakening not only bright feelings, but also making him believe in his strength.
Video: listen to the Cantata “It’s Snowing”
Lesson #11
Topic: Writers and poets about music and musicians
Target. Identify common features of the connection between music and literature by analyzing musical, poetic and prose works.
Lesson type . Integrated.
Lesson objectives.
developing the ability to analyze and compare musical and literary works;
development of a sense of artistic expression;
acquaintance with new works of art;
expanding ideas about the composer G.V. Sviridov and about his music.
the formation of students’ aesthetic taste, the ability to conduct dialogue, reason, and highlight the main idea of a work;
development of research capabilities;
developing interest in music through creative self-expression;
development of imaginative thinking.
drawing attention to the work of the Russian composer, writer, poet,
determining the significance of the role of music in human life;
nurturing a sense of love for the Motherland;
nurturing emotional responsiveness to works of art.
Educational :
Developmental :
Educational :
Equipment.
Computer, music center, video series for a musical work, video series with portraits of the composer G.V. Sviridov, portraits of the writer Pasternak, video series of G.V.’s native places. Sviridova
Listening material.
G.V. Sviridov “Zapevka” to the verses of I. Severyanin, G.V. Sviridov cantata “It’s snowing”
DURING THE CLASSES
Whose portraits are these? (writer Shukshin and composer Gavrilin)
Why did I put these portraits next to each other?
Composer Gavrilin, composer of what century? (20v)
What is the name of his piece of music that we listened to in the last lesson? ("Chimes")
What gave you the impetus to write such a musical work? Shukshin's stories
What are “Chimes”? Symphony-action
What is a symphony - an action? Somewhere between opera and oratorio, it has words and music.
What is a program symphony? A symphony with a specific content, which is set out in the program or expressed in the title.
What permeates the entire work? - ringing a bell.
What is a chapel? A group of performers with an orchestra, or a choir of singers
Symphony - performance written for....? Soloists, choir and percussion instruments.
What were the names of the musical numbers? “Evening music”, “Prayer”, “Merry at heart”.
What is each piece about? Evening music - without words, a slow piece, an image of the evening; “Merry at heart” - a folk festival with jokes and jokes; “Prayer” - a monk reads a prayer, an appeal to God.
Musical greeting.
Log check.
Repetition of covered material:
4. New topic:
Let's imagine that one composer left us his sound message.
What can you say about this composer? What country is this composer from? What does he want to tell us?
Listening to “Zapevka” by I. Severyanin, G.V. Sviridov.
Is this a Russian composer? (Yes).
Why did you decide so? (Student answer options).
What is this piece of music about? (About Russia, about the Temple, about our Motherland)
How does he feel about his homeland?
(Student answer options: the composer glorifies his Motherland, admires it, loves it, etc.)
Who performed this piece? (Mixed choir. Music sounded unaccompanied).
In addition to music, there was also a poetic text. Co-authorship of two creative people: a musician and a poet.
The choir “Zapevka” by the Russian composer G.V. Sviridov, based on the verses of I. Severyanin, was performed.
About Sviridov:
Georgy Vasilievich Sviridov , , - , ) - Soviet and Russian composer, pianist.
Russian composer, born on one of the cold December evenings of 1915. in the town of Fatezh, Kursk region. In a wooden house that stood near the Usozha River. In spring and summer, the city was surrounded by green gardens, where you could hear the singing of nightingales. Kursk folk songs surrounded the composer since childhood. Throughout his life, G.V. Sviridov will carry his love for his native nature, his native land. Today in Fatezh, in the apartment where the composer lived, there is an apartment - a museum, an art school. Before school in 2006 A bust of G.V. Sviridov was installed.
Just think, it’s also work -
This is a carefree life:
Listen to something from the music
And pass off the joke as your own...
(A. A. Akhmatova)
The topic of our lesson: “ Writers and poets about music and musicians"
Writers and poets - masters of words - tried to describe it in words, but no one was able to fully reveal the secret of sounds. No wonderRussian composer A. N. Serov said: “Music conveys what cannot or almost cannot be expressed in words.” “Music is perhaps the most wondrous creation of man, his eternal mystery and delight,” the words of writer Viktor Astafiev.
– Listening to Sviridov’s music more than once, the 20th century Russian writer Viktor Petrovich Astafiev wrote a story about music, about Sviridov, where he calls him with the capacious word “Master”. Let's get acquainted with a fragment of the story “The Lay of the Master”.
U. – What is Astafiev’s attitude towards music, where does music come from, what does it give to a person? Why does Viktor Petrovich call Sviridov a master?
Music is a wonderful creation, an eternal mystery, a delight.
Nature - the sound of the wind, the rustle of grass, the sound of falling leaves.
Man brings back all the best.
U. – What is music for you?
(Student answer options: mother’s lullaby, beauty, feelings...)
U. – There is one secret in the story; the answer to the question is hidden here: what unites all types of art?
Where do creative people get their ideas? - From the life around us. A master is one who knows how to see, hear and tell everything in his work...
We found out that the main genre is vocal works. The connection between music and literature. Sviridov always turns to poets who, like him, are concerned with the theme of the Motherland, the beauty of nature, and historical events. Favorite poets were: A. Blok, A. S. Pushkin, V. Mayakovsky.
Listen to Pasternak’s poem “It’s Snowing”:
"It's Snowing" Boris Pasternak
It's snowing, it's snowing.
To the white stars in a snowstorm
Geranium flowers stretch
For the window frame.
It's snowing and everything is in turmoil,
Everything starts to fly, -
Black staircase steps,
Crossroads turn.
It's snowing, it's snowing,
It's like it's not flakes that are falling,
And in a patched coat
The firmament descends to the ground.
As if looking like an eccentric,
From the top landing,
Sneaking around, playing hide and seek,
The sky is coming down from the attic.
Because life doesn't wait.
If you don’t look back, it’s Christmas time.
Only a short period,
Look, there's a new year there.
The snow is falling, thick and thick.
In step with him, in those feet,
At the same pace, with that laziness
Or at the same speed
Maybe time is passing?
Maybe year after year
Follow as the snow falls
Or like the words in a poem?
It's snowing, it's snowing,
It's snowing and everything is in turmoil:
White pedestrian
Surprised plants
Crossroads turn.
After finishing " “In 1965, Sviridov conceived the next small cantata, this time based on poems by B. Pasternak (1890-1960). Pasternak's poetry never left the composer indifferent.
Cantata – vocal and instrumental work for soloists, and orchestra.
“It’s Snowing” is Sviridov’s appeal to Pasternak’s poetry after many decades of reflection.
For his small cantata, Sviridov selected three poems from the last period of the poet’s work, united by the theme “the artist and time.”
The 1st part, “It’s Snowing,” conveys the measured, non-stop passage of time: sopranos and altos sing monotonously, on the same note, the orchestral part fascinates with the repetition of two unsteady chords, with a lulling descending intonation. In the 2nd part, “Soul”, the monotonous whirling is reminiscent of the smooth passage of time in the 1st. Here, the sparse accompaniment with drawn-out sounds, against the backdrop of which unfolds a simple tune in the spirit of a city song, creates a feeling of internal concentration, detachment from everything external.
Listen to part 1 It's snowing
What musical image did G. Sviridov create? lyrical sketch of winter nature
What does the choir accompaniment sound like?
What instruments convey the fantastic nature of the picture? celesta
U. – Look what G.V. says. Sviridov about poetry: “To me, the poetic word seems extremely important and weighty. It weighs a hundred and a thousand times more than the word of a prose writer. These are words that were selected by a poet, a genius... And they make a strong impression on me..."
We saw how poetry became an inspiration for a musician to create a piece of music.
How talentedly Sviridov did it. If a person does something very well, better than others, what do we call him?
Wu-xia – (Master.)
Conclusion.
U. – We saw that literature and music can be an inspiration for creative people. There are common genres. There are common means of expression. People of creative professions draw ideas for their works from real life.
Literature, music always
Union of art and goodness,
Union of the great, the earthly,
So close, dear
Arts.
Udras A.F.
Chanting.
6. Song
A small cantata based on poems by Boris Pasternak
Cast: women's choir, boys' ensemble, orchestra.
History of creation
After finishing “Wooden Rus'” in 1965, Sviridov conceived the next small cantata, this time based on poems by B. Pasternak (1890-1960). Although less noticeable, Pasternak’s poetry also passed through the composer’s entire life. The very first romances were written based on his poems, which Sviridov himself considered so imperfect that he did not even include them in the list of works.
Pasternak's poetry never left the composer indifferent. In his diaries, over the years, he returns to her in one way or another. In particular, about “Doctor Zhivago” there is the following entry: “Some deep (though far from comprehensive) thoughts of P about life, about Man and his purpose, about time, about the Revolution, which outraged Man...”.
“It’s Snowing” is Sviridov’s appeal to Pasternak’s poetry after many decades of reflection. It is curious that “this poet, close to music in his life and musical in his poems, nevertheless, apparently, has never before attracted the attention of composers,” writes A. Sokhor, a researcher of Sviridov’s work. “Sviridov, thus... acted as a pioneer, and not in the figurative, but in the literal sense of the word.”
For his small cantata, Sviridov selected three poems from the last period of the poet’s work, united by the theme “the artist and time.” These are “It’s snowing...” (1957), “Soul” (the date of writing is unknown, the poem was not published in the USSR and was taken by Sviridov from a foreign source) and “Night” (1956). The small cantata was completed in 1965, in the same year No. 3 was published in the last, 12th issue of the magazine “Soviet Music”. The premiere took place on December 21, 1966 in Moscow, in the Great Hall of the Conservatory.
Music
The 1st part, “It’s Snowing,” conveys the measured, non-stop passage of time: sopranos and altos sing monotonously, on the same note, the orchestral part fascinates with the repetition of two unsteady chords, with a lulling descending intonation. In the 2nd part, “Soul”, the monotonous whirling is reminiscent of the smooth passage of time in the 1st. Here, the sparse accompaniment with drawn-out sounds, against the backdrop of which unfolds a simple tune in the spirit of a city song, creates a feeling of internal concentration, detachment from everything external.