Description of the table in the novel Doctor Zhivago. “The image of Yuri Zhivago is the central image of the novel B

Yuri Zhivago is the main character of Pasternak's well-known novel. He has a fairly successful career and a prosperous life. He works as a doctor and also has a wife, Antonina. Yuri is Efgraf's half-brother.

Yuri Zhivago has a rather difficult fate. The thing is that his mother died of a serious illness, and his father jumped out of the train while drunk. After all these events, Yuri was taken in by relatives. Afterwards he marries their daughter. He achieved very great heights in his profession; many of his colleagues admired his intuition.

The author drew the image of Yuri Zhivago from himself; his inner experiences and struggle are closely connected with the life of the author. Also, Mayakovsky and Blok have some similar traits with the hero. In the novel, many pages are devoted specifically to Yuri’s inner state of mind.

During the war, he ends up in the army and is hospitalized due to injury.

Zhivago was a rather versatile and developed personality. He was interested in books and literature. He himself wrote poetry.

Yuri Zhivago, despite his profession - he worked as a doctor, was an extremely gentle, sensitive person, and in some situations, even weak-willed. He does not go against the grain, but agrees to the circumstances and benefits that are provided to him. He is cut off from the outside world and sometimes lives an internal life, completely ignoring his surroundings. His indecision is also evidenced by the situation with women - he was unable to build happiness with any of his women due to constant hesitation. Regarding the revolution, he speaks unequivocally, and believes that life is wiser than man. He understands perfectly well that interference in nature can have a very detrimental effect on humanity.

Yuri Zhivago had a special attitude towards Russia and its fate. He clearly understands that Russia and its fate are very contradictory, but he loves it very much.

Towards the end of his life, he begins to look ugly, stops taking care of himself, and begins to communicate with the janitor’s daughter. There is no flash in the life of Yuri Zhivago that would help him begin to live life to the fullest. He dies right on the street from a heart attack. In the last action described, Yuri Zhivago’s friends read lines from his poems. This is very symbolic - his death does not mean the end, his work will live forever.

Essay 2

Yuri Zhivago is the central character of this work with an unusual name: “Doctor Zhivago.” He received his doctorate and became a participant in the First World War. The character found himself in a painful and turning point time for all humanity: during the period of revolutionary actions. The fate of the people lay on the shoulders of the authorities, but all they did was make life worse for the citizens of the USSR. The country was in complete collapse. The pictures of what was happening shocked the imagination. After what you have seen with your own eyes, it is difficult to remain a Human...

Doctor Zhivago went through terrible trials: separation from loved ones during hostilities, losses in the war, mental wounds from being captured, hardships in love...

Initially, Yuri had a positive idea of ​​the surging disaster. The revolution was understood by Zhivago as the salvation of the people from the collapse of the country. However, throughout the novel we notice that the character’s opinion changes dramatically, because all the cruelty and harshness of the modern world opens up before him. A world that suddenly changed, that raised different priorities. Revolution, war. The terrible and bloody events hanging over innocent people - all this allowed all of humanity to change. Brother went against brother, values ​​ceased to be such, the thirst for victory, chaos became a priority... You don’t know which side to be on, you are lost in the choice. It's hard to know who to help. Where is the enemy and where is the friend? The confrontation between the topla and the individual personality began.

Doctor Zhivago experienced everything himself. That is why he can be characterized as a wise, self-confident, calm person. He is absolutely kind and sympathetic. Working as a doctor during the war, Yuri slept a lot of the soldiers' lives.

It is worth mentioning that Zhivago is a poet! He loves to read a lot. Literature is his element. That is why the character is considered educated and erudite in many areas.

Boris Pasternak created the hero, wanting him to combine Mayakovsky, Blok, and Yesenin. All these young poets did not live long. That is why Zhivago left life at an early age. He "was short of air." In this terrible country, where chaos and complete lawlessness reign, there is no place for talented and kind-hearted people like Zhivago...

Thus, Pasternak was able to draw the image of Doctor Zhivago, which will remain in memory forever!

Yuri Zhivago in Pasternak's novel

The work of the Russian writer “Doctor Zhivago” conveys the point of view of its author on the events that occurred at the beginning of the twentieth century. And he did this through the prism of the creator of this era. Back in the second half of the fifties, in correspondence, he said: “I am now writing a novel in prose about a man who forms some resultant between Blok and me (and Mayakovsky and Yesenin, perhaps).” Boris Pasternak masterfully conveyed the contradictory attitude towards the revolution in his novel.

Yuri Zhivago, having survived the death of his parents, perceives life with mystical, religious power. Thinking about the immortality of his soul, Yuri seeks answers to the mysteries of life from others.

After the death of his father, ten-year-old Yuri lives with Uncle Nikolai, whose philosophy of progress and mysticism touches the boy's poetic feelings. Later, Yuri lives with the professor's family and this inspires him to become a doctor. According to the will of the professor's wife, he marries their daughter and they have a son.

When the war with Germany begins, Yuri goes to serve at the front as a surgeon. There he falls in love with Lara, a married nurse, but after his confession, she leaves. Returning to Moscow, Dr. Zhivago initially perceives the revolution as something favorable, but subsequently changes his point of view in the opposite direction. On the advice of Evgraf, Yuri takes his family to the Ural Mountains. There he meets Lara and becomes close to her.

The communists capture Yuri, forcing him into service until he escapes. When Tonya returns to Moscow, Yuri and Lara live together. When the townspeople call the lovers counter-revolutionaries, Yuri forces Lara to flee under the protection of a Soviet official, while he himself hides in Moscow. Life is idyllic: Yuri writes poems and books containing his philosophical views on life.

In Moscow, he begins his third romance with the janitor's daughter, Marina, and they have children. His wife and daughter went to Paris, but he maintains an excellent relationship with his half-brother, Evgraf. For several years he practiced medicine and wrote poems, the subject of which was the city. He dies the same day Lara arrives in the capital. Later, Evgraf publishes poems by his late brother...

Pasternak conveys to us that the events that occurred in those years in Russia were unnatural for the course of history. Detachment from the past is equated to rejection of cultural heritage and moral values. And our task is to not allow such historical arbitrariness to occur.

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Boris Pasternak's novel "Doctor Zhivago" is called an autobiography, which surprisingly lacks external facts that coincide with the author's real life.

The central character of the novel is Doctor Yuri Andreevich Zhivago. Sometimes, in light of the requirements for novels, he seems pale, inexpressive, and his poems appended to the work seem like an unjustified add-on, as if irrelevant and artificial. And, nevertheless, the author writes about himself, but writes as about an outsider. He invents a destiny for himself in which he could most fully reveal his inner life to the reader.

Pasternak's real biography did not give him the opportunity to fully express the severity of his position between the two camps in the revolution, which he so wonderfully showed in the scene of the battle between the partisans and the whites. And yet, he, that is, the hero of the work, Doctor Zhivago, is a legally neutral person, nevertheless involved in the battle on the side of the Reds. He injures and even, it seems to him, kills one of the young high school students, and then finds both this young man and the killed partisan to have the same psalm sewn into their pockets - the 90th, which, according to the ideas of that time, protected from death.

The novel was written not only about Zhivago, but it was written for the sake of Zhivago, to show the drama of such a contemporary of the revolutionary era who did not accept the revolution.

Yuri Andreevich, scion of a wealthy bourgeois family, Muscovite. He received his medical education at Moscow University and visited the front of the First World War as a doctor. During the revolutionary years, the hero was captured by Siberian partisans, lost contact with his family, exiled abroad, but still managed to return to Moscow after some time. There he led an uncertain lifestyle, subsisting either on healing or on literature, since he wrote from a young age, and died suddenly of a heart attack. After Zhivago, only a notebook of poems remained.

It is not for nothing that the main character of the novel bears the surname Zhivago (although the surname is common) - the embodiment of the “spirit of Zhivago” in life and work is this man, connected with the thinnest threads with the world of nature, history, Christianity, art, and Russian culture.

Yuri Andreevich Zhivago is an intellectual. He is an intellectual both in his spiritual life (a poet, as they say, from God), and in his merciful, humane profession. And by his inexhaustible soulfulness, homely inner warmth, and by his restlessness, by his desire for independence, he is an intellectual.

Yuri Andreevich Zhivago is Pasternak’s lyrical hero, who remains a lyricist in prose. Doctor Zhivago is a poet, like Pasternak himself, his poems are appended to the work. This is no coincidence. Zhivago's poems are Pasternak's poems. And these works were written by one person - the poems have one author and one common lyrical hero.

It is noteworthy that there is also no difference between the poetic imagery of the author’s language and the poetic imagery of the protagonist’s speeches and thoughts. The author and the hero are one and the same person, with the same thoughts, with the same line of reasoning and attitude towards the world. Zhivago is the exponent of Pasternak’s innermost. The image of Zhivago - the embodiment of Boris Leonidovich himself - becomes something greater than Boris Leonidovich himself. He develops himself, creates from Yuri Andreevich Zhivago a representative of the Russian intelligentsia, who accepted the revolution, not without hesitation and not without spiritual loss. Zhivago-Pasternak accepts the world, no matter how cruel it may be at the moment.

Zhivago is a personality, as if created in order to perceive the era without interfering in it at all. In the novel, the main active force is the element of revolution. The main character himself does not influence or try to influence her in any way, does not interfere in the course of events. He serves those whom he finds himself in - once, in a battle with the whites, he even takes a rifle and, against his own will, shoots at the attacking young men who admire him for their reckless courage.

Tonya, who loves Yuri Andreevich, recognizes in him - better than anyone else - this lack of will. But Zhivago is not weak-willed in all senses, but only in one way - in his sense of the enormity of events taking place against his will, in which he is carried and swept all over the earth.

The image of Yuri Zhivago, who seems to be permeated by the entire surrounding nature, who reacts to everything deeply and gratefully, is extremely important, because through him, through his relationship to the environment, the attitude of the author himself to reality is conveyed.

In the novel we can see what Russia is for Zhivago. This is the whole world around him. Russia is also created from contradictions, full of duality. Zhivago perceives her with love, which causes the highest suffering in him.

The novel permeates and organizes the crossing and confrontation of two motives. At the end of the plot, it would seem that death triumphs. However, the idea of ​​the immortality of nature and history still wins. And in the text too. It is not for nothing that the novel ends with lines about resurrection, rebirth to true life:

I will go down to the grave and on the third day I will rise,

And, as rafts are floated down the river,

To Me for judgment, like the barges of a caravan,

Centuries will float out of the darkness.

48. B. Pasternak’s novel “Doctor Zhivago”. The image of the main character.

Boris Leonidovich Pasternak (1890-1960) - Russian poet, writer, one of the greatest Russian poets of the 20th century, Nobel Prize laureate in literature (1958).

In the novel " Doctor Zhivago" (1945-1955, published 1988) Boris Pasternak conveys his worldview, his vision of the events that shook our country at the beginning of the 20th century. It is known that Pasternak’s attitude towards the revolution was contradictory. He accepted the ideas of updating social life, but the writer could not help but see how they turned into their opposite. Likewise, the main character of the work, Yuri Zhivago, does not find an answer to the question of how he should live further: what to accept and what not to accept in his new life. In describing the spiritual life of his hero, Boris Pasternak expressed the doubts and intense internal struggle of his generation.

In the novel "Doctor Zhivago" Pasternak revives the idea self-worth of the human person. The personal dominates the narrative.

The genre of this novel, which can be roughly defined as prose of lyrical self-expression, all artistic means are subordinated. There are, as it were, two planes in the novel: an external one, telling about the life story of Doctor Zhivago, and an internal one, reflecting the spiritual life of the hero. It is more important for the author to convey not the events of Yuri Zhivago’s life, but his spiritual experience. Therefore, the main semantic load in the novel is transferred from the events and dialogues of the characters to their monologues.

The novel reflects the life story a relatively small circle of people, several families, connected by relationships of kinship, love, and personal intimacy. Their destinies are directly related to the historical events of our country. The relationships of Yuri Zhivago with his wife Tonya and Lara are of great importance in the novel. Sincere love for his wife, the mother of his children, the keeper of the home, is a natural beginning in Yuri Zhivago. And love for Lara merges with love for life itself, with the happiness of existence. The image of Lara is one of the facets that reflects the attitude of the writer himself to the world.

The main question around which the narrative about the external and internal life of the heroes moves is their attitude to the revolution, the influence of turning points in the country's history on their destinies. Yuri Zhivago was not an opponent of the revolution. He understood that history has its own course and cannot be disrupted. But Yuri Zhivago could not help but see the terrible consequences of such a turn of history: “The doctor remembered the recently past autumn, the execution of the rebels, the infanticide and wife-murder of the Palykhs, the bloody slaughter and slaughter of people, which had no end in sight. The fanaticism of the Whites and Reds competed in cruelty, alternately increasing one in the answer to another, as if they were multiplied. The blood made me sick, it came to my throat and rushed to my head, my eyes swam with it.” Yuri Zhivago did not take the revolution with hostility, but did not accept it either. It was somewhere between pro and con.

Hero strives away from the fight and ultimately leaves the ranks of the combatants. The author does not condemn him. He regards this act as an attempt to evaluate and see the events of the revolution and civil war from a universal human point of view.

The fate of Doctor Zhivago and his loved ones is the story of people whose lives were thrown out of balance and destroyed by the elements of revolution. The Zhivago and Gromeko families leave their settled Moscow home for the Urals to seek refuge “on earth.” Yuri is captured by the Red partisans, and he is forced against his will to participate in the armed struggle. His relatives were expelled from Russia by the new government. Lara becomes completely dependent on successive authorities, and at the end of the story she goes missing. Apparently, she was arrested on the street or died “under some nameless number in one of the countless general or women’s concentration camps in the north.”

Yuri Zhivago himself is gradually losing his vitality. And life around him becomes poorer, rougher and tougher. The scene of the death of Yuri Zhivago, although outwardly not standing out in any way from the general course of the narrative, nevertheless carries an important meaning. The hero is riding a tram and has a heart attack. He is eager for fresh air, but “Yuri Andreevich was unlucky. He ended up in a faulty carriage, which was constantly beset by misfortunes...” Zhivago dies at the tram wheels. The life of this man, suffocating in the stuffiness of the confined space of a country shocked by the revolution, ends...

Pasternak tells us that everything that happened in Russia in those years was violence against life and contradicted its natural course. In one of the first chapters of the novel, Pasternak writes: “... having woken up, we will no longer regain our lost memory. We will forget part of the past and will not look for an explanation for the unprecedented. The established order will surround us with the familiarity of a forest on the horizon or clouds above our heads. will surround us from everywhere. There will be nothing else." These deeply prophetic words, it seems to me, speak perfectly about the consequences of those distant years. Refusal from the past turns into a rejection of the eternal, of moral values. And this should not be allowed.

Poems by Yuri Zhivago in B.L. Pasternak’s novel “Doctor Zhivago”.

Critic A. S. Vlasov “POEMS OF YURI ZHIVAGO” The meaning of the poetic cycle in the general context of the novel by B. L. Pasternak

Yuri Zhivago's testimony about his time and himself are the poems that were found in his papers after his death. In the novel they are highlighted in a separate part. What we have before us is not just a small collection of poems, but a whole book with its own strictly thought-out composition. The poems of the cycle perform, as we see it, two main functions. The essence of the first is determined by the fact that many images (leitmotifs) - often everyday or “natural” realities - find their aesthetic completion in one or another poem of the cycle. The main purpose of the second function will be to identify subtext: value judgments, associative connections, conceptual ideas, deep layers of content hidden in prose text.

Strictly speaking, the entire cycle, taken in its organic integrity, that is, in the dynamics of alternation and sequential change of themes, images and motifs, forming a kind of lyrical plot, in turn, relating to the entire prose text of the novel, can also be considered in the context of this function.

Poems:“Winter Night”, “Hamlet”, “Garden of Gethsemane”, “Fairy Tale”.

It opens with a poem about Hamlet, which in world culture has become an image symbolizing reflection on the character of one’s own era. Shakespeare's Hamlet is one of Pasternak's masterpieces of translation art. One of the most important sayings of the Prince of Denmark in Pasternak’s translation sounds like this: “The connecting thread of days has broken. / How can I connect their passages!” Yuri Zhivago puts into Hamlet’s mouth the words of Jesus Christ from a prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane, in which he asks his Father to deliver him from the cup of suffering.

In Hamlet, Shakespearean symbolism, the symbolism of theater-life and fate-role, as well as gospel symbolism are closely intertwined. Moreover, the predominance of theatrical symbolism is noticeable

Thus, “Hamlet” reflects the beginning of the hero’s life and creative path, symbolically marking his spiritual awakening. The awakening of spirituality, which is quite natural, is associated in Hamlet primarily with Christian motives.

This poetic book ends with a poem called “The Garden of Gethsemane.” It contains the words of Christ addressed to the Apostle Peter, who defended Jesus with the sword from those who came to seize him and put him to a painful death. He says that “a dispute cannot be decided with iron,” and so Jesus commands Peter: “Put your sword in its place, man.” What we have before us, in essence, is Yuri Zhivago’s assessment of the events that are taking place in his country and throughout the world. This is a denial to “hardware” and weapons of the opportunity to resolve a historical dispute and establish the truth. And in the same poem there is a motive of voluntary self-sacrifice in the name of atonement for human suffering and a motive of the future Resurrection. Thus, the book of poems opens with the theme of upcoming suffering and the consciousness of its inevitability, and ends with the theme of its voluntary acceptance and atoning sacrifice. The central image of the book (and the book of poems by Yuri Zhivago, and Pasternak’s book about Yuri Zhivago) becomes the image of a burning candle from the poem “Winter Night”, the candle with which Yuri Zhivago began as a poet.

The image of a candle has a special meaning in Christian symbolism, and the symbolism of the “chalice” already corresponds to the maximum with Gospel symbolism. And if we talk about changes in the worldview of Zhivago himself, about his spiritual evolution, then “The Garden of Gethsemane,” like the rest of the poems, are united by the image of Christ and form the so-called “gospel cycle” ( "The Christmas Star", "Miracle", "Bad Days", "Magdalene (I)" and "Magdalene (II)"), - certificate the hero's awareness of his earthly destiny, of his highest sacrificial Mission.. The book of poems by Yuri Zhivago is his spiritual biography, correlated with his earthly life, and his “image of the world revealed in words.”

Into a poem "Fairy tale" Several sequentially revealing content-symbolic “layers” are revealed. A high degree of symbolic “saturation” is a distinctive feature of any lyrical image, rooted in its very nature; although initially such an image is always extremely specific and unambiguous - in terms of correlation with the specific life situation that served as the impetus for its creation.

V. Baevsky noted that the plot underlying the poem (ballad) “is fully based on three defining motifs: the serpent (dragon) gains power over the woman; the warrior defeats the serpent (dragon); a warrior frees a woman."

Obviously, what we have before us is the individual author’s transformation of the plot, which is based on the above-mentioned archetypal motif of snake fighting, correlated with individual episodes and plot lines of the novel and being in relation to them, as it were, a second - symbolic - plan, in fact “ key”, allowing us to reveal their true meaning.

The “female theme,” which always occupied a significant place in Pasternak’s work, found its most complete expression in “Doctor Zhivago”: the revolution appears here “in the role of retribution for the crippled fate of a woman».

“Doctor Zhivago” is a unique work in all respects: philosophical, religious, poetic and genre, in terms of continuity and in terms of innovation. The poetic word of the hero in the novel is not subject of the image, but full-fledged, living pictorial word, complementing and deepening the prosaic, author's word. The organic unity of the prose and poetic parts of the novel is ultimately perceived not just as an original compositional device, but before just as a symboltrue art - art that can only exist in fusion with the life that generates it and is transformed by it.

Yuri Andreevich is a spontaneous, creative person, and his uncle, Nikolai Nikolaevich, matches him. Although perhaps I did not express myself entirely precisely and it makes sense to clarify this idea. Yuri Zhivago is spontaneous not in the sense that he controls life, subjugates it to himself. No, on the contrary, the elements capture him. The hero’s actions are spontaneous, often thoughtless, precisely because he is subject to these elements and depends on them.

They are the ones who control his life, throw him back and forth, and gift the hero with creative inspiration and love. But Yuri Andreevich has a spiritual fire, and that’s probably why the element of inspiration chose him as a means of expression; through Doctor Zhivago it shows its power and beauty. And the hero feels it: “At such moments, Yuri Andreevich felt that the main work was not done by himself, but by what was above him, what was above him and controlled him, namely: the state of world thought and poetry, and what it destined for the future, the next step in order that it has to take in its historical development. And he felt like only a reason and a support point for her to start this movement.”

Yuri is an exponent of this element, but Nikolai Nikolaevich is no less a creative and gifted person. Their meetings and conversations are like a thunderbolt, a flash of lightning. This is how he describes their meetings:

And although the past arose and began to live a second life, memories came flooding back and circumstances that had occurred during separation surfaced, but as soon as the conversation turned to the main thing, about things known to people of a creative type, all connections disappeared except this one, there was no uncle, no nephew, no difference in age, but only the proximity of element to element, energy to energy, beginning and beginning remained.”

And with the same energy, fervor, spontaneously, he writes after leaving

Larisa Feodorovna and Katenka. And again his creative inspiration lifts him to unimaginable heights, lifts him above everything gloomy, above the doctor’s pain, and brings consolation. “So the bloody, smoking and uncooled things were squeezed out of the poems, and instead of the bleeding and the disease-causing, a peaceful breadth appeared in them, raising a particular case to the generality of something familiar to everyone. He did not achieve this goal, but this breadth itself came as a consolation, personally sent to him ... "

The novel, in my opinion, is entirely based on the interweaving of elements. But the main one, which commands all the others, is the element of revolution, the element of war. The heroes understand that war and revolution, this reorganization of society, drove everyone from their homes, mixed them up, alienated some, brought others closer together. It is this spontaneous reorganization that dictates its will to people. “Should I, a weak woman, explain to you, so smart, what is happening now with life in general, with human life in Russia and why families, including yours and mine, are collapsing? - says Larisa Fedorovna to Yuri Andreevich. - Oh, as if it’s about people, about the similarities and dissimilarities of characters, about love and dislike. Everything derivative, established, everything related to everyday life, the human nest and order, all this went to dust along with the revolution of the entire society and its reconstruction.

It is derivative, established, everything related to everyday life, the human nest and order, all this went to dust along with the revolution of the entire society and its reconstruction. Everything household was overturned and destroyed. There was only one non-everyday, immutable force left, naked, stripped to the bone soulfulness, for which nothing had changed, because at all times it was cold, trembling and reaching out to the one closest to it, equally naked and lonely. You and I are like the first two people, Adam and Eve, who had nothing to cover themselves with at the beginning of the world, and we are now just as naked and homeless at the end of it. And you and I are the last memory of all the incalculably great things that have been done in the world over many thousands of years between them and us, and in memory of these vanished miracles we breathe and love, and cry, and hold on to each other and cling to each other.” .

And indeed, it was precisely this element, this war and revolution, that brought Yuri and Lara closer and united. If it weren’t for the war, maybe Lara would have remained in Yuri’s memory as that young girl-woman whom he saw only twice: in the hotel room when her mother was being poisoned, and at the Svetnitskys’ Christmas tree when Lara shot at Komarovsky. But then the war brings them together again, and the heroes get to know each other. Tonya already then, according to Yuri Andreevich’s letter, felt, sensed that thin, transparent like a cobweb, but already strong internal connection between Yuri and Lara. With her instinct alone, Antonina Aleksandrovna realized that Yuri Andreevich and Larisa Fedorovna were destined to be together. Their lives are connected by some coincidence. And Tonya knows this and writes about it to Yuri, who still doesn’t understand it, doesn’t believe it, and resists. The duty of loyalty and love still overpowers this connection. “In this letter, in which sobs disrupted the construction of periods, and traces of tears and blots served as dots, Antonina Alexandrovna convinced her husband not to return to Moscow, but to follow straight to the Urals for this amazing sister, walking through life accompanied by such signs and coincidences of circumstances, with which her, Tonina’s, modest path in life cannot be compared.”

Yuri Andreevich did not take this seriously. But the revolution brings them together again due to some supernatural coincidence. What is predetermined cannot be avoided. Doctor Zhivago was destined to be with Lara Antipova. And war, revolution pushes them towards each other. The elements wanted it that way, it was useless to resist.

“He loved Tonya to the point of adoration. The peace of her soul, her tranquility were dearer to him than anything in the world. He stood up for her honor, more than her own father and than she herself. In defense of her wounded pride, he would tear the offender to pieces with his own hands. And this offender was himself.” Doctor Zhivago tried to figure it out, to resist this, hoping that something would destroy this connection. "What will happen next? - he sometimes asked himself and, not finding an answer, hoped for something unrealizable, for the intervention of some unforeseen circumstances that would bring resolution.” And these circumstances intervened, but not at all in the way Yuri thought. At that moment, when the doctor decides to open up to Tonya and break up with Lara, he is taken into the partisan detachment, and when he returns, Tonya has already left.

breaks up with Lara, he is taken into a partisan detachment, and when he returns, Tonya has already left. The choice, so difficult for Yuri Andreevich, no longer exists; life, fate, the elements themselves solved this puzzle, not allowing the hero to break the connection with Larisa Fedorovna.

War and revolution played a huge role in the life of this generation. Or rather, it was not war and revolution that played, but people played their role, assigned to each by the elements in this drama of madness. The element of bloodshed mixed up all the values, all the shrines, the entire way of life.

“I am now sure,” Lara tells Yuri, “that it [the war] was the fault of everything, of all the misfortunes that followed and are still befalling our generation. I remember my childhood well. I still saw a time when the concepts of the peaceful previous century were in force. It was customary to trust the voice of reason. What conscience dictated was considered natural and necessary. The death of a person at the hand of another was a rare, extraordinary, out-of-the-ordinary phenomenon... And suddenly this leap from a serene, innocent regularity into blood and screams, general madness and savagery of everyday and hourly, legalized and praised murder. This probably never goes in vain... Everything immediately began to fall into destruction. The movement of trains, the supply of food to cities, the basics of home life, the moral foundations of consciousness.”

The disaster broke the way of life, the value system, and the people themselves. The majority have lost their own opinion, lost faith in themselves, in their rightness. The elements took over the minds of people, their hearts, imposing on them their standards, their ideas. “The main misfortune, the root of future evil, was the loss of faith in the value of one’s own opinion. They imagined that the time when they followed the suggestions of moral intuition had passed, that now it was necessary to sing from the general

Voices and living with other people’s ideas imposed on everyone. The dominance of the phrase began to grow, first monarchical - then revolutionary. This public delusion was all-encompassing, sticky.” And the heroes know that their lives are subject to a certain element. They do not resist, do not complain, they simply await her will. “I have a presentiment that we will soon be carried away somewhere further,” these are Lara’s words. She knows that their temporary peace in Varykino is short-lived, it will soon end at the whim of the elements, and the heroes will again be blown away in different directions. Until we meet again, though this meeting will be for one of them - for Lara. She will see Yuri only after his death. But the elements wanted it that way...

Boris Pasternak's novel Doctor Zhivago, whose main character is Yuri Andreevich Zhivago, reflects the fate of the Russian intellectual in the whirlwinds of Russian revolutions and wars of the first half of the 20th century. Man, his moral suffering, creative aspirations and searches, his most humane profession in the world and the clash with the inhumane world of cruel and “stupid theories”, man and the noise of time that accompanies his entire life is the main theme of the novel.

The novel deserved the Nobel Prize in Literature, but was not published in the writer’s homeland, and he refused the prize under pressure. What made it possible to consider the novel anti-Soviet? Probably, the truth with which the life of an ordinary person is depicted, who does not accept the revolution, does not want to sacrifice himself to it, but at the same time is too soft and undecided to at least somewhat resemble an opposition force.

Characteristics

Yuri Zhivago enters the novel's narrative as a small boy. He lost his parents early and was raised in a good family that became his own. Zhivago is creative, promising, sensitive to beauty, art and himself sensual, subtle. Yuri becomes a doctor, feels the need not only to help people, but also the need to “create beauty,” as opposed to death.

Zhivago foresees social cataclysms, but at the same time believes in the revolution, as in a faithful and reliable scalpel of a surgeon and compares the revolution with a magnificent surgical operation, even experiences elation, realizing what time he lives in. However, he soon realizes that the violence of the revolution runs counter to his welcoming sentiments towards it - the Reds forcibly mobilize the doctor, interrogate him as a spy, he is captured by the partisans, and now he is in despair from the ideas of Bolshevism, because his life has been taken away from him. family, and the woman he loves, and now his destruction is only a matter of time, and he is waiting for it. Separated from the family, one does not work, does not write, and does not dream of anything. In 1929, Zhivago dies of a heart attack as soon as he gets off the tram car. What remains are his lyrics, the lost desire for beauty (did this pre-revolutionary world even exist or was it just a dream?), and unfulfilled hopes.

Image in the work

(Omar Sharif as Doctor Zhivago, David Lean's film "Doctor Zhivago", USA 1965)

Yuri Zhivago is a collective image of a Russian intellectual, in whose youth the revolution falls. Brought up on classical literature and art, appreciating the beautiful, he, like all Russian intellectuals, is a generalist amateur. He writes poetry and prose with talent, philosophizes brilliantly, receives a brilliant education, develops in his profession, becomes an excellent diagnostician, but all this goes to waste, because the revolution and civil war instantly turned yesterday’s respected citizens in society, the flower of the nation, into despised bourgeois, renegades.

The rejection of violence that permeates the new system does not allow Yuri to deftly integrate into the new social reality; moreover, his origin, his views, and finally his poems become dangerous - all of this can be found fault with, everything can be punished.

Psychologically, the image of Zhivago is revealed, of course, in the notebook in which, as an afterword, poems allegedly written by Yuri are collected. The lyrics show how out of touch he is with reality and how indifferent he is to “making history.” The reader is presented with a subtle lyricist depicting snow, candle flames, everyday little things, country coziness, home light and warmth. It is these things that Zhivago sings more strongly than class ones - his place, his family, his comfort. And it is precisely because of this that the novel is true and was so disliked by critics.

An inert and motionless person, somewhere driven, somewhere too compliant, not defending himself. Sometimes the reader may be overcome by a feeling of hostility towards the hero’s indecisiveness: he gave himself “his word not to love Larisa” - and did not keep it, hurried to his wife and children - and did not catch up, tried to give up everything - and did not succeed. Such lack of will clearly fits into Christian principles - to turn the other cheek when hit on the first, and in the name of the hero there is symbolism: Yuri (like a “fool”) Andreevich (“son of man”) Zhivago (the embodiment of the “spirit of Zhivago”). The hero seems to be in contact with eternity, without giving assessments, without judging, without confrontation.

(Boris Pasternak)

It is believed that the image of Yuri Zhivago comes as close as possible to the image of Boris Pasternak himself, and also reflects the inner worlds of his contemporaries - Alexander Blok, Vladimir Mayakovsky, Sergei Yesenin. The creative intelligentsia looked at revolutionary sentiments with an individual, heightened understanding, which means through the eyes of a creative person you can see the truth and experience it while reading a novel.

The image of Zhivago raises questions of humanity, the role of man in the cycle of history, where an individual person looks like a grain of sand, but is valuable in itself.