What is the role of literature in spiritual life. Literature as the art of words and its role in the spiritual life of man
- Besides literature, what to breathe,
- Sinking to the bottom of the sea...
- M. Shcherbakov. Whole summer
- “As a person, as a personality, the Russian writer... stood illuminated bright light selfless and passionate love for the great work of life - literature, for the people tired in their work, for their sad land. He was an honest fighter, a great martyr for the sake of truth, a hero in work and a child in relation to people, with a soul as transparent as a tear and bright as a star in the pale skies of Russia.” M. Gorky.
- “All of Greece and Rome fed only on literature: in our sense, there were no schools at all! And how they grew. Literature actually exists the only school people and she may be the only and sufficient school… » V.Rozanov.
- “Russian literature... has always been the conscience of the people. Her place in public life country has always been honorable and influential. She educated people and strived for a just reconstruction of life.” D. Likhachev.
- D.S. Likhachev
- Poems by Russian poets about writing, about the role of writers in society
- Ivan Bunin
- Word The tombs, mummies and bones are silent, - Only the word is given life: From ancient darkness, in the world graveyard, Only Writings sound. And we have no other property! Know how to protect, at least to the best of your ability, in days of anger and suffering, Our immortal gift - speech.
- A. Akhmatova
- Creation It happens like this: some kind of languor; The chime of the clock does not stop in my ears; In the distance, the rumble of fading thunder. I imagine complaints and groans of unrecognized and captive voices, Some secret circle is narrowing, But in this abyss of whispers and ringings One sound rises, conquering all. It’s so irreparably quiet around him, That you can hear the grass growing in the forest, How he’s walking dashingly along the ground with a knapsack... But now words are heard And light rhymes are signaling bells, - Then I begin to understand, And simply dictated lines fall into a snow-white notebook .
- B. Pastrnak
- In everything I want to get to the very essence. At work, looking for a way, In heartfelt turmoil.
- To the essence of the past days, To their cause, To the foundations, to the roots, To the core. All the time, grasping the thread of Fates, events, Live, think, feel, love, Make discoveries. Oh, if only I could, Although in part, I would write eight lines About the properties of passion. About lawlessness, about sins, Running, chasing, Accidents in a hurry, Elbows, palms.
- I would deduce her law, her beginning, and repeat her names and initials. I would plant poems like a garden. With all the trembling of the veins, the linden trees would bloom in them in a row, single file, at the back of the head. I would bring into the poems the breath of roses, the breath of mint, meadows, sedge, hayfield, thunderstorms. So Chopin once put the Living miracle of the farms, parks, groves, and graves into his sketches. Achieved triumph Game and torment - The stretched bowstring of a tight bow.
- Questions
- Why is literature called the art of words ? Show with examples what it is word art ?
- Remember the works in which the characters read books and give them their assessments. Why is literature important to them?
- What have you learned from literature about love and betrayal, about death and immortality, about nobility and meanness? Is such knowledge important for a person?
- How has literature helped your own spiritual development?
- - What useful things can it give? to modern man reading literature of the past?
- Blue, blue and purple hairs showed through the thin, tall stems of grass; yellow gorse jumped up with its pyramidal top; white porridge dotted the surface with umbrella-shaped caps; brought in, God knows from where, an ear of wheat was pouring into the thicket. Partridges darted under their thin roots, stretching out their necks. The air was filled with a thousand different bird whistles. Hawks stood motionless in the sky, spreading their wings and motionlessly fixing their eyes on the grass. The cry of a moving cloud wild geese reverberated in God knows what distant lake. A seagull rose from the grass with measured strokes and bathed luxuriously in the blue waves of air. There she has disappeared in the heights and only flickers like a single black dot. There she turned her wings and flashed in front of the sun. Damn you, steppes, how good you are!
- N.V. Gogol “Taras Bulba”
- “You want to know what I saw
- Free? - Lush fields,
- Hills covered with a crown
- Trees growing all around
- Noisy with a fresh crowd,
- Like brothers dancing in a circle.
- I saw piles of dark rocks
- When the stream separated them,
- And I guessed their thoughts:
- It was given to me from above!
- Stretched out in the air for a long time
- Their stone embraces,
- And they yearn for a meeting every moment;
- But the days go by, the years go by -
- They will never get along!
- M.Yu. Lermontov “Mtsyri”
- Answer one of the questions in writing:
- How are people and history connected in " The captain's daughter"A.S. Pushkin?
- Which moral values affirms the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri"?
- What is “bad in Russia” is ridiculed by N.V. Gogol in the play “The Inspector General” and M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in fairy tales?
- Bring to class the text “The Lay of Igor’s Campaign” - Old Russian text and its translation into modern Russian.
- Thank you for the lesson!!!
The term "spiritual literature" has several interpretations. Firstly, it can be a whole series of books designed to encourage a person to think about the meaning of life. And in more narrow understanding- these are the works of holy ascetics, in which they describe their life path. Let's figure out which books can be considered spiritual.
Spiritual and moral literature: definition and its tasks
The main criterion for spiritual literature can be considered its compliance with the gospel spirit. This means that all books on such topics must first reflect the essence of biblical principles. Spiritual literature raises the eternal problem of existence, provides answers to many philosophical and religious questions, and also develops moral qualities in the character of its reader. Among other things, such reading very often describes the lives of holy people, prophets and always preaches the foundations of a particular religion. If we talk in simple language, then spiritual books are food for our soul.
The main task of spiritual books is to awaken everything in a person spiritual qualities, develop and, finally, encourage a person to fulfill religious laws. After all, in almost every religion there is a set of covenants that a believer must follow.
Features of moral literature
Perhaps, distinctive feature spiritual literature can be called the religious inclination of its books, which raise philosophical questions. Spiritual literature, as a rule, appears more in the form of lyrics, that is, there is practically no poetry. This genre includes parables, various historical chronicles, descriptions of the lives of the holy prophets, sermons and works devoted to the construction of the afterlife and about what fate awaits each person after death.
Books of spiritual literature can be divided into several groups:
- canonical literature (holy books, Bible, Koran, etc.);
- liturgical (Psalter, Word, etc.);
- theological literature (theological treatises);
- educational religious (Orthodox explanatory prayer book);
- religious and journalistic (sermons of the holy fathers, teachings of the elders, etc.);
- religious-popular (stories, tales and even fairy tales with an instructive meaning).
IN Lately More and more books are appearing dedicated to issues raising children. Such literature gives advice and instructions to parents on how to raise children correctly, in what environment to raise them, so that they grow up to be good people.
The most popular books on spiritual topics
In addition to religious spiritual books, spiritual literature is presented in other genre compositions. These books not only change the view on many things, but also introduce the reader to such virtues as love, kindness,
Spiritual fiction - this is how one can define those works of great Russian writers in which, through the main characters and their author, they convey unshakable Christian values. There are a number of works of Russian classics that every person should read, regardless of their religious beliefs. Here are the most famous: “War and Peace” by L. N. Tolstoy, many stories by A. P. Chekhov, “The Master and Margarita” by M. A. Bulgakov, from foreign literature- novels Ernest Hemingway(“For Whom the Bell Tolls,” “The Old Man and the Sea”), as well as Dante (“ The Divine Comedy"), Erich Maria Remarque and others.
Despite the fact that these works do not have religious context, they still touch on the most important questions of existence: what is the meaning of life and what happens to the human soul after death?
The role of spiritual literature in the life of modern man
It's no secret that nowadays people find it more difficult than ever to find free time for anything, especially for reading books. Perhaps it is precisely because they read little or do not open books of spiritual literature that people in the world become more selfish - everyone tries to get their own benefit, while forgetting about those around them.
However, we can safely say that spiritual literature plays a huge role in the life of any person. Thanks to reading spiritual books, inner spiritual qualities develop, awaken best features human beings, such as kindness, mercy and love. After all, spiritual books preach the Gospel covenants, and the basic law of the Bible is considered to be the covenant of love for one’s neighbor. “Love your neighbor as yourself,” this is the main commandment on which all the law and the prophets are based.
So, it turns out that this kind of literature is capable of inducing reflection on the meaning of life. as well as in the education of moral values and the formation of a correct worldview, spiritual books perform the most important functions.
The lesson begins with a traditional warm-up, the purpose of which is to differentiate linguistic means artistic expression V poetic work. Much attention is paid to familiarization with the textbook. Analysis of an excerpt from the work of V. Lidin allows us to draw a conclusion about the role of literature in spiritual development person. During a frontal survey, students give examples from history that, together with literature, form the best qualities of a person. It is traditional to comment on grades and summarize results at the end of the lesson. Homework is aimed at developing students' speech and identifying reading interests in the classroom.
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Date Lesson No. 1
Literature as the art of words and its role in the spiritual life of man
The purpose of the lesson: to form an idea of literature as the art of words and its role in the spiritual life of a person.
Tasks:
Repeat the studied linguistic means of artistic expression,
Work on the development of monologue speech of students on a given topic,
Continue the work of instilling a sense of pride in our native literature.
Equipment: textbook, handouts, interactive board, epigraph.
During the classes.
1) Organizing time. Warm-upto determine the linguistic means of artistic expression (working on task No. 3 of the OGE in the Russian language)
The dormant bell
Woke up the fields
Smiled at the sun
Sleepy land.
Quiet Valley
Drives away sleep
Somewhere down the road
The ringing stops.
Students must identify epithets, metaphor, personification, inversion. At the same time, remember the author of the lines and his works.
2) Working with handoutsbased on an excerpt from the work of Vladimir Lidin. Reading, analysis.
“The Germans were expelled from Uman, and on the streets of the city, cars, armored personnel carriers and tanks, abandoned by them in flight, stood close together, back to back. On one of the streets, through a broken window on the lower floor, I saw piles of books piled on the floor. ...I identified the library by the shelves. ... Looking closely, I saw the mournful figures of two middle-aged women sorting out books in the next room. Some of the books were already on the shelves. I approached the women and we met: one turned out to be a Russian language teacher Zinaida Ivanovna Valyanskaya, the other a librarian district library Yulia Aleksandrovna Panasevich, and they dragged the books lying on the floor from underground, where they survived the entire occupation. I picked up one of the books - it was a textbook on economic geography, but after flipping through a few pages, I turned with bewilderment to the title of the book: it did not correspond to the content.
We have a lot of work ahead of us,” said one of the women, “the fact is that, by order of Gebietskommissar Opp, we had to destroy all the books on the attached list... We re-glued the title pages from old textbooks and various other books, and we managed to save almost everything, that was subject to destruction... so don’t be surprised if a volume of Pushkin’s works, for example, is called a manual for embroidery.
... Two courageous women saved an entire district library by pasting them into those that were to be destroyed. Books with different titles or by putting them in different bindings. And now they were sorting out their wealth, restoring what, by order of the appointed director of the library, Kramm, they had to tear to shreds.
In Uman, in the premises of the regional library, I became convinced of the immortality of the book.
Questions for consolidation:
Why do you think the action of these two women can be considered heroic or courageous?
Bring students to the conclusion that during the Great Patriotic War, women risked their lives to save books; they re-glued the spines. Do we treat them properly now?
3) Work on the topic. An epigraph will help us understand today's topic. These are the words of M. Gorky. The great Russian writer stated: “ Literature - textbook life" How do you understand this statement? …. (Bring students to the conclusion that the main purpose of literature is to cultivate spirituality in a person and develop his best qualities)
4) Introduction to the textbook. During grade 9 we will study works ancient Russian literature, 18th, 19th, 20th centuries. Eras will change, literary trends, currents, authors. Literature has always covered and will cover events that reflect the history of our Motherland. And we have enough events that teach honor, decency, nobility, courage, generosity, mercy. What events do you think I'm talking about now? (Liberation from the Mongol-Tatar yoke, Patriotic War 1812, Decembrist uprising on December 14, 1825, abolition of serfdom in 1861, October Revolution, Civil War, Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945....) We can “try on” the actions of the heroes for ourselves, this will help us distinguish between good and evil, black and white, truth and lies. Let's use previously studied works as an example and determine what this or that hero can teach. (“Taras Bulba” by N. Gogol, “ Stationmaster"A. Pushkin, "The Tale of Peter and Fevronia of Murom", "Song about the merchant Kalashnikov", "Mtsyri" by M. Lermontov...)
Thus, we are once again convinced of how great the role of the book is in the spiritual life of a person. And again I would like to turn to the statement of M. Gorky. At one time he wrote: “I owe everything good in me to books.” Explain how you understand this statement in 3-5 sentences. (Independent work - consolidation for 5-7 minutes)
5) Reserve. Frontal survey.
What books did you read over the summer that interested you?
What books have you read on your own, and what do you remember?
Who has their own library, favorite book, author at home?
6) Summing up, commentary on marks.
7) Homework: prepare a message of 5-7 sentences on the topic “This book must be read”
The purpose of the lesson:
Determine the role of literature in the spiritual life of society,
To form students’ understanding of literature as the art of words,
Reveal level literary development students.
Besides literature, what to breathe,
Sinking to the bottom of the sea...
M. Shcherbakov. Whole summer
1. Org. Moment
2. Conversation on the question of understanding the quote included in the epigraph of the lesson
(Mikhail Shcherbakov, Moscow poet, creator of the original song, our contemporary).
3. Discussion of statements by Russian writers
How do you understand the statements of Russian writers about literary work and the role of books in a person’s spiritual life, try to confirm or refute the positions they express.
“As a person, as a personality, the Russian writer... stood illuminated by the bright light of selfless and passionate love for the great work of life - literature, for the people tired of their work, for their sad land. He was an honest fighter, a great martyr for the sake of truth, a hero in work and a child in relation to people, with a soul as transparent as a tear and bright as a star in the pale skies of Russia.” M. Gorky.
“All of Greece and Rome fed only on literature: in our sense, there were no schools at all! And how they grew. Literature, in fact, is the only school of the people, and it can be the only and sufficient school...” V. Rozanov.
“Russian literature... has always been the conscience of the people. Her place in the public life of the country has always been honorable and influential. She educated people and strived for a just reconstruction of life.” D. Likhachev.
4. Expressive reading poems
Now let's read poems in which poets reflect on secrets writing work, about the role of writers in society.
Ivan Bunin
Word
The tombs, mummies and bones are silent,—
Only the word is given life:
From ancient darkness, on the world graveyard,
Only the Letters sound.
And we have no other property!
Know how to take care
At least to the best of my ability, in days of anger and suffering,
Our immortal gift is speech.
A. Akhmatova
Creation
It happens like this: some kind of languor;
The chime of the clock does not stop in my ears;
In the distance, the rumble of fading thunder.
Unrecognized and captive voices
I imagine both complaints and groans,
Some secret circle is narrowing,
But in this abyss of whispers and ringings
One, all-conquering sound rises.
It’s so incredibly quiet around him,
You can hear the grass growing in the forest,
How he walks dashingly on the ground with a knapsack...
But now the words are heard
And light rhymes are signal bells,—
Then I begin to understand
And just dictated lines
They go into a snow-white notebook.
B. Pastrnak
I want to reach everything
To the very essence.
At work, looking for a way,
In heartbreak.
To the essence of the past days,
Until their reason,
To the foundations, to the roots,
To the core.
Always catching the thread
Fates, events,
Live, think, feel, love,
Complete the opening.
Oh if only I could
Although partly
I would write eight lines
About the properties of passion.
About lawlessness, about sins,
Running, chasing,
Accidents in a hurry,
Elbows, palms.
I would deduce her law,
Its beginning
And repeated her names
Initials.
I would plant poems like a garden.
With all the trembling of my veins
The linden trees would bloom in them in a row,
Single file, to the back of the head.
I would bring the breath of roses into poetry,
Breath of mint
Meadows, sedge, hayfields,
Thunderstorms rumble.
So Chopin once invested
Living miracle
Farms, parks, groves, graves
In your sketches.
Achieved triumph
Game and torment -
Bowstring taut
Tight bow.
5. Conversation on issues
Why is literature called the art of words? Show with examples what the art of words is?
Remember the works in which the characters read books and give them their assessments. Why is literature important to them?
What have you learned from literature about love and betrayal, about death and immortality, about nobility and meanness? Is such knowledge important for a person?
How has literature helped your own spiritual development?
What benefits can reading the literature of the past give a modern person?
6. Conversation revealing the level of literary development of students
What Russian folklore do you remember? What is the significance of oral works folk art for the modern reader?
Which eternal questions raised by Russian writers? How did they solve them?
How are the humanistic thoughts of the authors reflected in the works of Russian literature? Name the works in which the problem of protecting the human person is raised. Give reasons for your position.
How did the heroes of Russian literature imagine happiness? Do you agree with them?
How do pictures of nature described in literature help in understanding human characters?
Identify works by fragment:
Blue, blue and purple hairs showed through the thin, tall stems of grass; yellow gorse jumped up with its pyramidal top; white porridge dotted the surface with umbrella-shaped caps; brought in, God knows from where, an ear of wheat was pouring into the thicket. Partridges darted under their thin roots, stretching out their necks. The air was filled with a thousand different bird whistles. Hawks stood motionless in the sky, spreading their wings and motionlessly fixing their eyes on the grass. The cry of a cloud of wild geese moving to the side was heard in God knows what distant lake. A seagull rose from the grass with measured strokes and bathed luxuriously in the blue waves of air. There she has disappeared in the heights and only flickers like a single black dot. There she turned her wings and flashed in front of the sun. Damn you, steppes, how good you are!
“You want to know what I saw
Free? - Lush fields,
Hills covered with a crown
Trees growing all around
Noisy with a fresh crowd,
Like brothers dancing in a circle.
I saw piles of dark rocks
When the stream separated them,
And I guessed their thoughts:
It was given to me from above!
Stretched out in the air for a long time
Their stone embraces,
And they yearn for a meeting every moment;
But the days go by, the years go by -
They will never get along!
In what ways do writers evoke laughter, sadness, bitterness, indignation, and other feelings in readers?
What is the role of antithesis in a literary work? Give examples from Russian prose or poetry.
What role does it play in work of art hero-narrator? Give examples from works studied in 8th grade.
8. Homework
Answer one of the questions in writing:
How are people and history connected in “The Captain’s Daughter” by A.S. Pushkin?
What moral values does M.Yu.’s poem affirm? Lermontov "Mtsyri"?
What is “bad in Russia” is ridiculed by N.V. Gogol in the play “The Inspector General” and M.E. Saltykov-Shchedrin in fairy tales?
Essay on the topic “Literature in human life.” 4.74 /5 (94.76%) 42 votes
Since childhood, we have been accompanied by various literary works: fairy tales, riddles, stories, poems, novels, plays and so on. All of them play a huge role in the development of a person. Also in early age literary works lay in us the fundamental moral principles and norms. Fairy tales, riddles, parables and jokes teach us to value friendship, do good, not offend the weak, respect our parents, and think about our actions. All this is stated accessible language language for children, so they remember it quickly and easily. That is why the role of literature and books, in general, in human life is enormous. They not only participate in the formation of a person, but constitute a major part of the moral education of each of us.
During the study school literature, we not only learn new authors, new works, new movements, but also become closer to literature so much that it becomes an integral part of us. The famous teacher V.P. Ostrogorsky said: “A correctly and widely educated general aesthetic mood elevates and ennobles a person through the noblest pleasure, which becomes a need. It makes his whole life attractive and interesting, revealing in it, in nature, in man, a beautiful existence that he had never suspected before... Thus, this feeling, suppressing egoism in us, takes us out of daily circle everyday life, at the same time awakening to bring thought and goodness into this everyday life - brings into wide communication with nature, society, homeland, humanity... Yet all this, taken together, i.e. all these aesthetic relationships to oneself, nature, people, art, society, and create a special spiritual world with yourself, then good mood, then unity with the world, then constant desire to spiritual beauty, to serving the common good, to honest work and the fight against evil - in a word, that alone has constituted human happiness at all times.”
In my opinion, these words very deeply and vividly reflect the role of literature and art, in general, in human life. Books teach us to love those around us and give us real human happiness. That is why people who read books and literature lovers, can feel all the delights of the world around us: see the beauty of nature, love and be loved. In addition, thanks to literature, our lexicon and the spiritual world is enriched.
Based on the above, we can conclude that literature is very important in a person’s life: it influences our worldview. Shapes our inner world, enriches our speech. That is why we must read, love and respect the book as much as possible, because without it our world will be gray and empty.