"exhausted by melancholy and illness." Book: Mikhail Sholokhov
When I met Vasily Petrovich, he was already called “Musk Ox”. This nickname was given to him because his appearance was unusually reminiscent of a musk ox, which can be seen in the illustrated guide to zoology by Julian Simashka. He was twenty-eight years old, but looked much older. He was not an athlete, not a hero, but a very strong and healthy man, short, stocky and broad-shouldered. Vasily Petrovich's face was gray and round, but only one face was round, and the skull presented a strange ugliness. At first glance, it seemed to resemble a somewhat Kaffir skull, but, peering and studying this head more closely, you could not fit it under any phrenological system. He wore his hair as if he deliberately wanted to mislead everyone about the figure of his “top floor.” At the back, he cut the entire back of his head very short, and in front, from his ears, his dark brown hair ran in two long and thick braids. Vasily Petrovich usually twirled these braids, and they constantly lay in curled rollers on his temples, and curled up on his cheeks, reminiscent of the horns of the animal in honor of which he received his nickname. Vasily Petrovich most of all owed his resemblance to a musk ox to these braids. However, there was nothing funny in the figure of Vasily Petrovich. The person who met him for the first time saw only that Vasily Petrovich, as they say, was “poorly tailored, but tightly sewn,” and looking into his brown, widely spaced eyes, it was impossible not to see in them a healthy mind, will and determination. The character of Vasily Petrovich had a lot of originality. His distinctive feature was his evangelical carelessness about himself. The son of a rural sexton, who grew up in bitter poverty and, in addition, was orphaned at an early age, he never cared not only about a lasting improvement in his existence, but it seems he never even thought about tomorrow. He had nothing to give, but he was able to take off his shirt and assumed the same ability in each of the people with whom he came in contact, and he usually called everyone else briefly and clearly “pigs.” When Vasily Petrovich did not have boots, that is, if his boots, as he put it, “completely opened his mouth,” then he would come to me or to you, without any ceremony he would take your spare boots if they somehow fit his feet , and left his notes for you as a souvenir. Whether you were at home or not, it didn’t matter to Vasily Petrovich: he made himself at home with you, took what he needed, always in the smallest possible quantity, and sometimes when they met he said that he took tobacco, or tea, or boots, and more often it happened that he didn’t say anything about such trifles. He could not stand new literature and read only the Gospels and the ancient classics; he could not hear any conversation about women, considered them all to be fools and very seriously regretted that his old mother was a woman, and not some kind of asexual creature. Vasily Petrovich's selflessness had no boundaries. He never showed any of us that he loved anyone; but everyone knew very well that there was no sacrifice that the Musk Ox would not make for each of his relatives and friends. It never occurred to anyone to doubt his readiness to sacrifice himself for his chosen idea, but this idea was not easy to find under the skull of our Musk Ox. He did not laugh at many of the theories in which we then fervently believed, but he deeply and sincerely despised them.
The Musk Ox did not like conversations, he did everything in silence, and did exactly what you could least expect from him at that moment.
How and why did he become friends with the small circle to which I belonged during my short stay in our provincial town, - I don't know. Muskox completed a course at the Kursk seminary three years before my arrival. His mother, who fed him with crumbs collected for the sake of Christ, was looking forward to her son becoming a priest and living in the parish with his young wife. But the son had no thought about his young wife. Vasily Petrovich did not have the slightest desire to marry. The course was over; the mother kept inquiring about the brides, but Vasily Petrovich remained silent and one fine morning disappeared to God knows where. Only six months later he sent his mother twenty-five rubles and a letter in which he notified the old mendicant woman that he had come to Kazan and entered the theological academy there. How he reached Kazan, having traveled more than a thousand miles, and how he got twenty-five rubles - this remained unknown. The musk ox did not write a word to his mother about this. But before the old woman had time to rejoice that her Vasya would someday be a bishop and she would then live with him in a bright room with a white stove and drink tea with raisins twice every day, Vasya seemed to have fallen from the sky - he suddenly appeared again in Kursk. They asked him a lot: what is it? How? why did he come back? but we learned little. “I didn’t get along,” Musk Ox answered briefly, and they couldn’t get anything more out of him. He told only one person a little more: “I don’t want to be a monk,” and no one else got anything from him.
The man to whom Musk Ox said more than to everyone else was Yakov Chelnovsky, a kind, good fellow, incapable of hurting a fly and ready to do any service to his neighbor. Chelnovsky was a relative of mine in some distant tribe. It was at Chelnovsky’s that I met the stocky hero of my story.
This was in the summer of 1854. I had to take care of the process that was carried out in the Kursk government offices.
I arrived in Kursk at seven o’clock in the morning in May, straight to Chelnovsky. At that time, he was preparing young people for university, gave lessons in the Russian language and history in two women's boarding houses and lived well: he had a decent apartment with three rooms in the front, a sizeable library, upholstered furniture, several pots of exotic plants and a bulldog, Box, with bared teeth, a very indecent bustle and a gait that slightly resembled a cancan.
Chelnovsky was extremely happy about my arrival and made me promise to definitely stay with him for the entire duration of my stay in Kursk. He himself usually spent the whole day running around to his lessons, and I either visited the civil chamber or wandered aimlessly around Tuscari or the Diet. You won’t find the first of these rivers on many maps of Russia, and the second is famous for its especially tasty crayfish, but it gained even greater fame through the lock system built on it, which absorbed huge capital without freeing the Seim from its reputation as a river “inconvenient for navigation” .
Two weeks have passed since my arrival in Kursk. There was never any talk about the Musk Ox; I did not even suspect the existence of such a strange beast within our black earth strip, replete with grain, beggars and thieves.
One day, tired and exhausted, I returned home around two in the afternoon. In the hallway I was met by Box, who guarded our home much more diligently than the eighteen-year-old boy who served as our valet. On the table in the hall lay a cloth cap, extremely worn; one dirtiest suspender with a strap tied to it, a greasy black handkerchief twisted into a rope, and a thin hazelnut stick. In the second room, filled with bookcases and rather smart office furniture, a very dusty man was sitting on a sofa. He was wearing a pink calico shirt and light yellow trousers with frayed knees. The stranger's boots were covered with a thick layer of white road dust, and on his knees lay a thick book, which he read without covering his head. As I entered the office, the dusty figure took one quick glance at me and again fixed his eyes on the book. Everything was fine in the bedroom. Chelnovsky's striped canvas blouse, which he put on immediately upon returning home, hung in its place and indicated that the owner was not at home. I could not guess who this strange guest was who had settled down so unceremoniously. Fierce Box looked at him as his own man and did not caress him only because the tenderness characteristic of dogs of the French breed is not in the character of dogs of the Anglo-Saxon canine race. I went into the hallway again, having two goals: firstly, to ask the boy about the guest, and secondly, to provoke the guest himself to say something with his appearance. I didn't succeed in either. The hallway was still empty, and the guest did not even look up at me and sat calmly in the same position in which I found him five minutes ago. There was only one remedy left: to directly contact the guest himself.
“You’re probably waiting for Yakov Ivanovich?” – I asked, stopping in front of the stranger.
The guest looked at me lazily, then got up from the sofa, spat through his teeth, as only Great Russian philistines and seminarians can spit, and said in a thick bass: “No.”
- Whom do you want to see? – I asked, surprised by the strange answer.
“I just came in,” the guest answered, walking around the room and twisting his braids.
- Let me know who I have the honor of speaking to?
At the same time, I gave my last name and said that I was a relative of Yakov Ivanovich.
“It’s so simple,” answered the guest and again took up his book.
That was the end of the conversation. Abandoning any attempt to resolve the appearance of this personality, I lit a cigarette and lay down on my bed with a book in my hands. When you come from the hot sun into a clean and cool room, where there are no annoying flies, and there is a neat bed, it is unusually easy to fall asleep. This time I learned this from experience and did not notice how the book slipped out of my hands. Through sweet Dreams, to which people sleep, full of hopes and hopes, I heard Chelnovsky reading notations to the boy, to which he had long been accustomed and did not pay any attention to them. My complete awakening took place only when my relative entered the office and shouted:
- A! Muskox! What destinies?
“He’s here,” the guest responded to the original greeting.
- I know I came, but where did I come from? where have you been?
– You can’t see from here.
- What a joke! How long ago did you deign to come back? – Yakov Ivanovich asked his guest again, entering the bedroom. - Eh! “Yes, you’re sleeping,” he said, turning to me. “Get up, brother, I’ll show you the beast.”
-What animal? - I asked, not yet completely returning to what is called vigil, from what is called sleep.
Chelnovsky did not answer me, but took off his frock coat and threw on his blouse, which was a matter of one minute, went out into the office and, dragging my stranger from there by the hand, bowed comically and, pointing his hand at the stubborn guest, said:
I stood up and extended my hand to Musk Ox, who, throughout the entire recommendation, calmly looked at the thick branch of lilac that covered the open window of our bedroom.
“I heard this,” answered Musk Ox, “and I am the party-goer Vasily Bogoslovsky.”
- Yes, I found Vasily here... I don’t have the honor to know, how about the priest?
“Petrov was,” answered Bogoslovsky.
“It was him, now just call him “Musk Ox.”
- I don’t care what you call me.
- Eh, no, brother! You are a Musk Ox, so you should be a Musk Ox.
We sat at the table. Vasily Petrovich poured himself a glass of vodka, poured it into his mouth, holding it behind his cheekbone for a few seconds, and, having swallowed it, looked significantly at the plate of soup standing in front of him.
- Isn’t there some jelly? - he asked the owner.
- No, brother, no. “We weren’t expecting a dear guest today,” Chelnovsky answered, “and we didn’t prepare it.”
“They could eat it themselves.”
- We can eat soup too.
- Gravy boats! - added Musk Ox. - And there’s no goose? - he asked with even greater surprise when the zrazy was served.
“And there is no goose,” the owner answered him, smiling with his affectionate smile. - Tomorrow you will have jelly, and goose, and porridge with goose fat.
- Tomorrow - not today.
- Well, what should we do? Surely you haven’t eaten goose for a long time?
The musk ox looked at him intently and said with an expression of some pleasure:
“You’d better ask how long ago I ate something.”
– On the evening of the fourth day I ate a kalach in Sevsk.
- In Sevsk?
The musk ox waved his hand affirmatively.
– Why were you in Sevsk?
- I was passing through.
- Where have you been?
The musk ox stopped the fork with which he was dragging huge pieces into his mouth at once, again looked intently at Chelnovsky and, without answering his question, said:
- Have you sniffed tobacco today?
- How did you sniff tobacco?
Chelnovsky and I burst out laughing at the strange question.
- Speak up, dear animal!
- Your tongue is itching these days.
- Why not ask? After all, I was missing for a whole month.
- Disappeared? - repeated Musk Ox. - I, brother, will not be lost, but I will be lost, so not in vain.
– We are sick of preaching! - Chelnovsky responded to me. - “The hunt is mortal, but the fate is bitter!” In our enlightened age, preaching in marketplaces and haystacks is not allowed; we can't go to hell to do not touch the wife, like a snake's vessel, and something also prevents me from becoming a monk. But I don’t know what exactly is interfering with this.
- And it’s good that you don’t know.
- Why is it good? The more you know, the better.
– Become a monk yourself, and you’ll find out.
– Don’t you want to serve humanity with your experience?
“Someone else’s experience, brother, is an empty matter,” said the original, getting up from the table and wiping his whole face with a napkin, covered with sweat from the zeal of dinner. Having put down the napkin, he went into the hall and there took out from his coat a small clay tube with a black gnawed stem and a calico pouch; filled his pipe, put the pouch in his pants pocket and headed back to the front hall.
“Smoke here,” Chelnovsky told him.
- You sneeze unevenly. Your heads will hurt.
The musk ox stood and smiled. I have never met a person who smiled as much as Bogoslovsky. His face remained completely calm; not a single feature moved, and a deep, sad expression remained in the eyes, and yet you saw that these eyes were laughing, and laughing with the kindest laughter, with which a Russian person sometimes makes fun of himself and his shortcomings.
- New Diogenes! - Chelnovsky said after the Musk Ox came out, - everyone is looking for the people of the Gospel.
We lit cigars and, lying down on our beds, talked about various human oddities that came to our minds in connection with the oddities of Vasily Petrovich. A quarter of an hour later Vasily Petrovich entered. He put his pipe on the floor by the stove, sat down at Chelnovsky’s feet and, scratching right hand left shoulder, said in a low voice:
- I was looking for air conditioning.
- When? – Chelnovsky asked him.
- Yes, now.
- Who did you look for?
- On the way to.
Chelnovsky laughed again; but Musk-Ox did not pay any attention to this.
- Well, what did God give? – Chelnovsky asked him.
- Not a thing.
- You're such a joke! Who is looking for conditioning on the road?
“I went into the landowners’ houses and asked questions,” Musk Ox continued seriously.
- So what?
- They don’t take it.
- Yes, of course, they won’t take it.
Musk Ox looked at Chelnovsky with his gaze and asked in the same even tone:
- Why won’t they take it?
- Because it’s out of the wind stranger, without a recommendation, they will not take you into the house.
- I showed my certificate.
– And it says: “quite a fair amount of behavior”?
- Well, what then? I, brother, will tell you that this is not because, but because...
“You are the Musk Ox,” Chelnovsky prompted.
- Yes, Musk Ox, perhaps.
- What do you think you’ll do now?
“I’m thinking of smoking another pipe,” answered Vasily Petrovich, getting up and starting to work on his pipe again.
- Yes, smoke here.
- No need.
- Kuri: the window is open.
- No need.
- What do you want, for the first time, perhaps, to smoke your dubek with me?
“It will be unpleasant for them,” said Musk Ox, pointing at me.
– Please smoke, Vasily Petrovich; I am a accustomed person; For me, not a single dubek means anything.
“But I have that oak tree from which the devil ran away,” answered Musk Ox, leaning on the letter u in the word oak tree k, and his sympathetic smile flashed again in his kind eyes.
- Well, I won’t run away.
- So you are stronger than the devil.
- For this case.
“He has the highest opinion of the devil’s strength,” said Chelnovsky.
- One woman, brother, only angrier than the devil.
Vasily Petrovich filled his pipe with shag and, releasing a thin stream of acrid smoke from his mouth, brushed off the burning tobacco with his finger and said:
– I’ll start rewriting the problems.
– What tasks? – Chelnovsky asked, putting his palm to his ear.
– Problems, seminar problems, I’m going to rewrite them for now. Well, student notebooks, don’t you understand, or what? – he explained.
- I understand now. Bad job, brother.
- Doesn't matter.
– You’ll earn two rubles a month.
- Find me the conditions.
- Back to the village?
- It's better to go to the village.
“And you’ll leave again in a week.” “You know what he did last spring,” Chelnovsky said, turning to me. “I put him in his place, one hundred and twenty rubles a year, with everything ready, so that he could prepare one boy for the second grade of the gymnasium. We gave him everything he needed, equipped him good fellow. Well, I think our Musk Ox is in place! And a month later he grew up again in front of us. I also left my underwear there for my science.
“Well, then, if it couldn’t be otherwise,” said Musk Ox, frowning, and got up from his chair.
“Ask him why you can’t?” - Chelnovsky said, turning to me again. “Because they weren’t allowed to pluck the boy’s hair.”
- Tell me another lie! - Muskox muttered.
- Well, how was it?
- It was so that it could not have been otherwise.
The musk ox stopped in front of me and, after thinking for a minute, said:
– It was a very special thing!
“Sit down, Vasily Petrovich,” I said, moving on the bed.
- No, don't. “It’s a special matter,” he began again. “The boy is fifteen years old, and yet he is quite a nobleman, that is, a shameless rogue.”
- That's how it is with us! – Chelnovsky joked.
“Yes,” continued Musk Ox. “Their cook was Yegor, a young guy. He got married and took the sexton’s daughter out of our spiritual beggary. The little boy has already been trained in everything, and let’s clang towards her. But the woman is young, not one of those; complained to her husband, and the husband complained to the lady. She said something to her son, and he again did his own thing. So another time, a third time - the cook again went to the lady, because the wife couldn’t stop seeing the barchuk - again nothing. I was annoyed. “Listen,” I tell him, “if you pinch Alenka again, I’ll crack you.” He blushed with annoyance; noble blood leaped, you know; flew to his mother, and I followed him. I look: she’s sitting in an armchair, and she’s also all red; and my son writes out a complaint against me in French. As soon as she saw me, she now took his hand and smiled for God knows what. “That’s enough,” he says, my friend. Vasily Petrovich must have imagined something; he’s joking, and you’ll prove him wrong.” And I see myself looking sideways at me. My little boy went, and she, instead of talking to me about her son, said: “What a knight you are, Vasily Petrovich! Don’t you have a sweetheart?” Well, I can’t stand these things,” said Musk Ox, energetically waving his hand. “I can’t listen to this,” he repeated again, raising his voice, and walked again.
- Well, did you leave this house right away?
- No, in a month and a half.
- And they lived in harmony?
- Well, I didn't talk to anyone.
- And at the table?
- I had lunch with the clerk.
- How about the clerk?
- Just to say, at the table. It's nothing to me. You can't offend me.
- How can you not?
- But of course, you can’t... well, what’s the point of talking about it... Only one day after dinner I was sitting under the window, reading Tacitus, and in the servants’ room I heard someone screaming. I can’t make out what he’s screaming, but Alenkin’s voice. Barchuk, I think, is truly amused. I got up and went to the people's room. I hear Alenka crying and shouting through her tears: “shame on you,” “you’re not afraid of God,” and other things like that. I see Alenka standing in the attic above the ladder, and my little boy under the ladder, so the woman can’t get down. It's a shame... well, you know, the way they walk... just. And he teases her: “Climb,” he says, “otherwise I’ll leave the ladder.” Evil got such a hold of me that I went into the hallway and gave him a slap on the wrist.
“So much so that blood gushed from his ear and nose,” Chelnovsky suggested, laughing.
- What kind of growth has grown on his share?
-What do you mean, mother?
- Yes, I didn’t look at it after that. I went straight from the personnel room to Kursk.
- How many miles is this?
- One hundred seventy; Yes, even if it’s one thousand seven hundred, it’s all the same.
If you saw the Musk Ox at that moment, you would not doubt that he really doesn’t care how many miles he walks or who he slaps, if, in his opinion, this slap should be given.
"Beauties"
I remember, when I was still a fifth or sixth grade high school student, I was traveling with my grandfather from the village of Bolshaya Krepkaya, Don Region, to Rostov-on-Don. It was an August day, sultry, painfully boring. The heat and the dry, hot wind, driving clouds of dust towards us, made our eyes stick together and our mouths dry; I didn’t want to look, or speak, or think, and when the dozing driver, Little Russian Carpo, swung his whip at my cap, I didn’t protest, didn’t make a sound, and only, waking up from half-sleep, looked sadly and meekly into the distance: can you see the village through the dust? We stopped to feed the horses in the large Armenian village of Bakhchi-Salah with a rich Armenian friend of our grandfather. Never in my life have I seen anything more caricatured than this Armenian. Imagine a small, cropped head with thick, low-hanging eyebrows, a bird's nose, a long gray mustache and a wide mouth from which a long cherry chibouk protrudes; this head is clumsily glued to a skinny, hunchbacked body, dressed in a fantastic costume: a skimpy red jacket and wide bright blue trousers; this figure walked with his legs apart and shuffled his shoes, spoke without removing his chibouk from his mouth, and behaved with purely Armenian dignity: he did not smile, his eyes widened and he tried to pay as little attention to his guests as possible.
There was no wind or dust in the Armenian’s rooms, but it was just as unpleasant, stuffy and boring as in the steppe and on the road. I remember, dusty and exhausted by the heat, I sat in the corner on a green chest. Unpainted wooden walls, furniture and shitty floors gave off the smell of dry wood, scorched by the sun. Everywhere you look, there are flies, flies, flies... Grandfather and the Armenian talked in low voices about the flock, about cleaning, about sheep... I knew that the samovar would be set for an hour, that grandfather would drink tea for at least an hour and then go to bed sleep for two, three hours, which will take me a quarter of the day to wait, after which it’s again hot, dusty, and bumpy roads. I listened to the muttering of two voices, and it began to seem to me that I had seen the Armenian, the cupboard with dishes, the flies, the windows into which the hot sun beats for a long, long time and would stop seeing them in the very distant future, and I was overcome by hatred for the steppe, for to the sun, to the flies...
Khokhlushka in a headscarf brought in a tray with dishes, then a samovar. The Armenian slowly went out into the hallway and shouted:
Masha! Go pour some tea! Where are you? Masha!
Hasty steps were heard, and a girl of about sixteen, wearing a simple cotton dress and a white scarf, entered the room. Washing dishes and pouring tea, she stood with her back to me, and I only noticed that she was thin at the waist, barefoot, and that her small bare heels were covered with low-slung pantaloons.
The owner invited me to have tea. Sitting down at the table, I looked into the face of the girl who was handing me a glass, and suddenly I felt as if a wind ran through my soul and blew away all the impressions of the day with their boredom and dust. I saw the charming features of the most beautiful of faces that I had ever encountered in reality and seemed to me in a dream. A beauty stood in front of me, and I understood it at first sight, as I understand lightning.
I am ready to swear that Masha, or, as my father called her, Masha, was a real beauty, but I cannot prove it. Sometimes it happens that clouds crowd in disarray on the horizon and the sun, hiding behind them, paints them and the sky in all sorts of colors: crimson, orange, gold, purple, dirty pink; one cloud looks like a monk, another like a fish, the third like a Turk in a turban. The glow covered a third of the sky, glitters in the church cross and in the glass of the manor's house, shines in the river and in puddles, trembles in the trees; far, far away against the backdrop of dawn, a flock of wild ducks is flying somewhere to spend the night... And the shepherd driving the cows, and the land surveyor riding in a chaise across the dam, and the gentlemen walking - everyone looks at the sunset and every single one of them finds that it is terribly beautiful , but no one knows or will say what the beauty is.
I wasn’t the only one who thought that the Armenian girl was beautiful. My grandfather, an eighty-year-old man, a tough man, indifferent to women and the beauties of nature, looked affectionately at Masha for a whole minute and asked:
Is this your daughter, Avet Nazarych?
Daughter. This is my daughter... - the owner answered.
“Good young lady,” grandfather praised.
The artist would call the beauty of the Armenian girl classical and strict. It was precisely that beauty, the contemplation of which, God knows from where, gives you confidence that you see the correct features, that hair, eyes, nose, mouth, neck, chest and all movements young body merged together into one solid, harmonic chord, in which nature did not make a mistake in even the slightest detail; For some reason, it seems to you that an ideally beautiful woman should have a nose exactly like Masha’s, straight and with a slight hump, so big dark eyes, the same long eyelashes, the same languid look, that her black curly hair and eyebrows also go to the gentle white color forehead and cheeks, like green reeds to a quiet river; Masha’s white neck and her young breasts are poorly developed, but to be able to sculpt them, it seems to you, you need to have enormous creative talent. You look, and little by little the desire comes to tell Masha something unusually pleasant, sincere, beautiful, as beautiful as she herself.
At first I was offended and ashamed that Masha did not pay any attention to me and looked down all the time; some special air, it seemed to me, happy and proud, separated her from me and jealously shielded her from my views.
“This is because,” I thought, “I am covered in dust, tanned, and because I am still a boy.”
But then little by little I forgot about myself and completely surrendered to the feeling of beauty. I no longer remembered the boredom of the steppe, the dust, did not hear the buzzing of flies, did not understand the taste of tea and only felt that a beautiful girl was standing across the table from me.
I felt beauty in a strange way. It was not desires, not delight or pleasure that Masha aroused in me, but a heavy, albeit pleasant, sadness. This sadness was vague, vague, like a dream. For some reason, I felt sorry for myself, and my grandfather, and the Armenian, and the Armenian girl herself, and there was a feeling in me as if all four of us had lost something important and necessary for life, which we would never find again. Grandfather also became sad. He didn’t talk about the cleanup and the sheep, but was silent and looked thoughtfully at Masha.
After tea, grandfather went to bed, and I left the house and sat on the porch. The house, like all houses in Bakhchi-Salah, was in the hot weather; there were no trees, no canopies, no shadows. The large courtyard of the Armenian, overgrown with quinoa and tulips, despite the intense heat, was lively and full of fun. Behind one of the low fences that crossed the large courtyard here and there, threshing was taking place. Twelve horses, harnessed in a row and forming one long radius, ran around a pillar driven into the very center of the threshing floor. A Little Russian in a long vest and wide trousers walked nearby, slapping his whip and shouting in such a tone as if he wanted to tease the horses and boast of his power over them:
Ah-ah-ah, damned ones! Aaaaand... you don't have cholera! Are you afraid?
The horses, bay, white and piebald, not understanding why they were forced to circle in one place and crush the wheat straw, ran reluctantly, as if by force, and wagging their tails resentfully. From under their hooves the wind lifted clouds of golden chaff and carried it far through the fence. Near the tall fresh stacks, women were milling about with rakes and carts were moving, and behind the stacks, in another yard, another dozen of the same horses were running around a post and the same crest was slapping his whip and mocking the horses.
The steps on which I sat were hot; wood glue had come out in some places from the heat on the liquid railings and on the window frames; under the steps and under the shutters, red boogers huddled together in stripes of shadow. The sun was hot on my head, and on my chest, and on my back, but I did not notice it and only felt bare feet pounding on the plank floor behind me in the hallway and in the rooms. Having put away the tea dishes, Masha ran up the steps, smelling the wind at me, and, like a bird, flew to a small smoky outbuilding, probably the kitchen, from where came the smell of fried lamb and the sound of angry Armenian conversation. She disappeared through the dark door and instead of her, an old, hunched Armenian woman with a red face and in green trousers appeared on the threshold. The old woman was angry and scolded someone. Soon Masha appeared on the threshold, flushed from the heat of the kitchen and with a large black bread on her shoulder; bending beautifully under the weight of the bread, she ran across the yard to the threshing floor, dashed through the fence and, plunging into a cloud of golden chaff, disappeared behind the carts. The Little Russian, who was urging the horses, lowered the whip, fell silent and silently looked for a minute towards the carts, then, when the Armenian girl again flashed near the horses and jumped over the fence, he followed her with his eyes and shouted at the horses in a tone as if he was very upset:
Damn you, evil spirit!
And all the time then I heard her steps without ceasing bare feet and saw her running around the yard with a serious, worried face. She ran up the steps, blowing the wind over me, then into the kitchen, then onto the threshing floor, then out the gate, and I barely had time to turn my head to follow her.
And the more often she and her beauty flashed before my eyes, the stronger my sadness became. I felt sorry for myself, for her, and for the little Ukrainian who sadly followed her with his gaze every time she ran through the cloud of chaff to the carts. Was it my envy of her beauty, or was I sorry that this girl was not mine and would never be mine and that I was a stranger to her, or did I vaguely feel that her rare beauty was accidental, unnecessary and, like everything else on earth, , is not durable, or perhaps my sadness was that special feeling that is aroused in a person by the contemplation of real beauty, God knows!
The three hours of waiting passed unnoticed. It seemed to me that before I had had time to look at Masha enough, Karpo went to the river, bought the horse and began harnessing it. The wet horse snorted with pleasure and clattered its hooves on the shafts. Carpo shouted at her "back-hell!" Grandfather woke up. Masha opened the gate for us with a creak, we got into the car and drove out of the yard. We drove in silence, as if we were angry with each other.
When Rostov and Nakhichevan appeared in the distance two or three hours later, Karpo, who had been silent all the time, quickly looked around and said:
What a nice Armenian girl!
And he hit the horse.
Another time, when I was already a student, I was driving along railway South. It was May. At one of the stations, it seems, between Belgorod and Kharkov, I got out of the car to walk along the platform.
The evening shadow had already fallen on the station garden, on the platform and on the field; the station obscured the sunset, but the highest clouds of smoke coming out of the locomotive and colored in a gentle pink color, it was clear that the sun had not yet completely hidden.
Walking along the platform, I noticed that most of the walking passengers were walking and standing only near one second-class carriage, and with such an expression as if some famous person. Among the curious people I met near this carriage, by the way, was my companion, an artillery officer, a smart, warm and handsome guy, like everyone we meet on the road by chance and for a short time.
What are you looking at here? - I asked.
He didn’t answer anything and only pointed at a female figure with his eyes. She was still a young girl, about 17-18 years old, dressed in a Russian costume, with her head uncovered and with a mantle carelessly thrown over one shoulder, not a passenger, but probably the daughter or sister of the station master. She stood near the carriage window and talked with some elderly passenger. Before I had time to give myself an account of what I was seeing, I was suddenly overcome by a feeling that I had once experienced in an Armenian village.
The girl was a wonderful beauty, and neither I nor those who looked at her with me doubted it.
If, as is customary, we describe her appearance in parts, then the only truly beautiful things about her were her blond, wavy, Thick hair, loosened and tied on the head with a black ribbon, but everything else was either wrong or very ordinary. Whether from a special manner of flirting or from myopia, her eyes were narrowed, her nose was hesitantly turned up, her mouth was small, her profile was weakly and sluggishly outlined, her shoulders were narrow beyond her years, but nevertheless the girl gave the impression of a real beauty, and, looking at her, I could be convinced that a Russian face, in order to appear beautiful, does not need strict regularity of features; moreover, even if a girl, instead of her upturned nose, was given another, correct and plastically infallible, like an Armenian girl, then, it seems, from this her face would have lost all its charm.
Standing at the window and talking, the girl, shivering from the evening dampness, looked back at us every now and then, now put her hands on her hips, now raised her hands to her head to straighten her hair, talked, laughed, depicted either surprise or horror on her singing face, and I didn’t I remember that moment when her body and face were at peace. The whole secret and magic of her beauty lay precisely in these small, infinitely graceful movements, in her smile, in the play of her face, in quick glances at us, in the combination of the subtle grace of these movements with youth, freshness, with the purity of soul that sounded in her laughter and voice. , and with that weakness that we love so much in children, in birds, in young deer, in young trees.
It was the moth-like beauty that comes with a waltz, flitting around the garden, laughter, fun, and which does not fit with serious thought, sadness and peace; and it seems that all you have to do is run along the platform good wind or let it rain, so that the fragile body suddenly fades and the capricious beauty crumbles like flower dust.
So... - the officer muttered with a sigh when, after the second bell, we headed to our carriage.
I don’t presume to judge what this “tek-s” meant.
Perhaps he was sad and did not want to leave the beauty and the spring evening in the stuffy carriage, or perhaps he, like me, felt unaccountably sorry for the beauty, and for himself, and for me, and for all the passengers who were sluggish and reluctant walked to their carriages. Passing by the station window, behind which a pale red-haired telegraph operator with high curls and faded high-cheekbones was sitting near his apparatus, the officer sighed and said:
I bet that telegraph operator is in love with that pretty one. To live in the middle of a field under the same roof with this airy creature and not fall in love is beyond human strength. And what, my friend, is a misfortune, what a mockery, to be stooped, shaggy, gray, decent and intelligent, and to fall in love with this pretty and stupid girl, who pays zero attention to you! Or even worse: imagine that this telegraph operator is in love and at the same time married, and that his wife is as stooped, shaggy and decent as himself... Torture!
Near our carriage, leaning his elbows on the fence of the platform, the conductor stood and looked in the direction where the beauty stood, and his exhausted, flabby, unpleasantly well-fed face, tired from sleepless nights and the rolling of the carriage, expressed tenderness and deepest sadness, as if he saw his own in the girl. youth, happiness, his sobriety, purity, wife, children, as if he repented and felt with his whole being that this girl was not his and what about ordinary human, passenger happiness for him with his premature old age, clumsiness and fat face as far as the sky.
The third bell rang, whistles sounded and the train moved lazily. First the conductor, the station master, then the garden, the beauty with her wonderful, childishly sly smile flashed through our windows...
Leaning out and looking back, I saw how she, following the train with her eyes, walked along the platform past the window where the telegraph operator was sitting, straightened her hair and ran into the garden. The station no longer blocked the west, the field was open, but the sun had already set, and smoke spread in black clouds across the green velvet winter. It was sad in the spring air, in the darkening sky, and in the carriage.
A familiar conductor entered the carriage and began to light candles.
See also Anton Chekhov - Prose (stories, poems, novels...):
RED HILL
This is what we call Fomina Week, but the ancient Russians have this name...
BRIEF HUMAN ANATOMY
One seminarian was asked during an exam: What is a person? He answered...
It is known that travelers are truly tireless and undaunted people.
Our contemporaries travel around the globe in no more than a few days and, hoping to penetrate into places that have not been fully explored, tirelessly plow the near and far seas, endlessly
49 are terrifyingly sweeping over the once impregnable Antarctic ice cap.
No matter how much people have already learned about outside world, and everything still unexplored and inaccessible surrounds them on all sides.
No matter how high a person rises into the stratosphere, no matter how low he descends into the depths of the earth, there are spaces where a person has never been before, they spread both above us and below us.
We are separated from the center of the Earth by a distance of 6,350 kilometers. But it is impossible to fly, or rush on an express train, or go down on a high-speed elevator, or in any other way to rush through this space.
Modern science still does not know exactly what is inside the globe, and our knowledge of the gaseous layer that surrounds us and rises hundreds of kilometers into the air is just as imperfect as that of the deep layers of the earth. But nothing is inaccessible to human thought: it is capable of overcoming all obstacles on the path to mastering nature.
Undoubtedly, we have a lot to do important discoveries, and it cannot be said that there will soon be nothing to discover on Earth.
In the distance you can see high mountains, but not naked, but all overgrown with forest. Everyone knew that the goddess of death herself, invisible to anyone, was now looking out from the secret embrasure of the temple onto the square. From behind the horizon, golden stripes from the rays of the sun that had not yet risen stretched up the sky. There is an unfinished sheet of paper on the board, and several of the same sheets are on the chair. Before Vasily Terentyevich had time to get out of the carriage, an unexpected incident happened. He led me into this engineer’s office, as one would lead an uninitiated into a room of miracles. Individual... units that were understaffed here rushed to the uprising. He looked at the low huts that seemed not to be standing, but lying along the streets - with crouched and variegated windows that looked like patches at that time, with roofs almost reaching the ground, with clumsy fences stretched to the sides, and he barely recognized them.
They undoubtedly sense in my beard, bekesh and hunting boots a deviation from the norm, something that does not fit into the standard of a Soviet employee traveling on official business. Mikhail stood up abruptly and stamped out his half-smoked cigarette. For a moment she looked at him with unseeing eyes, as if she did not understand well. Here was that bottomless spirituality, without which there is no originality, that infinity, opening from any point in life, in any direction, without which poetry is just a misunderstanding, temporarily not
explained. One moonbeam, filtering through a dusty window that had not been wiped for years, sparingly illuminated the corner where the forgotten icon hung in the dust and cobwebs.
From the mooing of a cow, the barking of a dog, the crowing of a cock, human voices stand out and carry far away, sometimes weather-beaten nor'eastom, now salted by the water splashes of the raging sea, now young and sonorous, breathing the endless expanses of the steppe. Along with the slowly cooling and setting sun, the hot autumn dust sets, and on a windless evening, previously unnoticed pyramidal poplars are revealed to the eye.
In front of a temporary wooden platform, hung with bright red rags, near the windmills, gray-bearded old men in linen shirts and green uniform trousers, hanging low over leather boots, gathered; women in light cotton dresses, with exhausted, dusty faces, not yet recovered from the morning anxiety; dark-skinned children, as if dried in the sun, deceptively quiet after the frantic bustle of the day.
They are all drowning in the sea of sailors and soldiers, which has flooded the entire square, noisily agitated and persistently declaring their rights. Shaggy warlike hats, Circassian hats with bullet-ridden brims, torn tunics, worn Circassian shorts - all this moves, shimmers and at times rumbles with furious cries.
Compound words: north-east (side of the world), bright red (color name), gray-bearded (gray beard).
Words with unpronounceable consonants: sun, calico, furious, soldier.
In the last sentence, a dash appears before the generalizing word everything.
The bridge was torn down by water, and it became impossible to get to the distant fields.
5. In a sentence after a word comrade insert subordinate clause whom I haven't seen for a long time. Write down the rearranged sentence.
In the city I met a friend and remembered our childhood years.
Non-union complex sentence.
1. Omit subordinating conjunctions in sentences, write down the restructured sentences.
Ice floes could be seen floating along the river.
When the sun disappeared behind the horizon, we headed home.
The forest became quiet as the songbirds all flew south.
The weather suddenly deteriorated, so the flights had to be cancelled.
2. write down the sentences, indicate possible options placement of punctuation marks. Read the sentences for the options.
I stopped (, : -) they called me. The coach was worried (, :-) the athletes made mistakes.
3. Continue the sentences by making them non-union complex.
Summer was rainy
The weather will be good
The excursion to the forest had to be cancelled:
Difficult sentence With different types communications.
1. Write the sentence, omitting the second part of the double conjunction (That).
We were a little late, and when we released the hound, the tracks had already begun to blur.
The clearing goes in such zigzags that if you get lost, you will never understand in which direction this clearing is located.
2. Write down the sentence by inserting the second part of the double conjunction ( That).
I'm sure that if we follow this path, we will come out to a river or a road.
Third section of the manual
Preface
The proposed intensive course of Russian punctuation is built on two basic concepts - the punctuation problem and the algorithm for solving the punctuation problem.
The key to solving problems are rules, each of which expresses a distinctive (differential) feature of the position of a given problem, which determines (activates) one of its solutions.
Regardless of the specifics of a particular task, the writer is required to:
1. identify the problem by its integral feature;
2. distinguish variants of the task by its differential feature;
3. apply a rule that contains the same differential feature.
Behind these actions is the relationship between the task, its options and the corresponding punctuation rule: an integral feature of punctuation marks → differential mark position of punctuation marks → correct punctuation mark.
The algorithm for solving the problem is a form of a generalized punctuation rule.
The use of an algorithm is desirable when solving any punctuation problems. The algorithm guides the actions of the writer, prevents confusion of rules and ensures error-free decisions.
The textbook is focused on effective and quick acquisition of punctuation in the Russian language. Instead of individual rules in the traditional form, each punctuation task is given an algorithm that summarizes their content: a rational procedure for determining the correct punctuation mark.
A system of exercises with answers for self-control makes it possible to master punctuation on your own.
PUNCTUATION MARKS
IN CONSTRUCTIONS WITH HOW.
Solution algorithm.
Determine sequentially:
1. There are combinations like “ so... just like", « like... like ", « as much... as And", « none other than", « none other than" or not (if any, put commas on one side at the beginning and end of the sentence, on both sides in the middle).
2.Are there SIGNS of non-isolation or not:
(if before AS there is a negation NOT of either the words DIRECTLY, SIMPLY, COMPLETELY, EXACTLY, ALMOST, AT ALL, EXACTLY; or it is a PHRASEOLOGICAL UNISM; or COMPOSITION OF A PREDICATE; or the meaning of identity, characteristics from any side (AS) - do not isolate; if not, put commas on one side at the beginning and at the end of the sentence, on both sides - in the middle).
Sample solution
A) Then suddenly the face lit up with the light of joy HOW sunny shine (Goncharov).
1. Are there any combinations or not?
Answer: Then suddenly the face lit up with the light of joy, like the shine of the sun (Goncharov).
b ) Throughout his life, Anatol Kuragin looked at continuous entertainment (L. Tolstoy).
1. Is there a combination or not?
2. Are there signs of non-isolation or not?
There is: the meaning of identity (life = continuous fun).
Answer : Anatol Kuragin looked upon his entire life as continuous amusement (L. Tolstoy).
DASH BETWEEN SUBJECT AND PREDICATE
Solution algorithm.
Determine sequentially:
1.Are there MANDATORY signs of a dash or not?
(if the predicate is preceded by the words THIS, HERE, MEANS; if the predicate is expressed in PHRASEOLOGICAL UNIT or at least one member of the sentence is expressed in an INDEFINITE FORM OF A VERB, provided that the subject comes before the predicate, put a dash).
2. The subject and predicate are expressed as a NOUN, CARDINAL NUMERAL IN THE NOMINATIVE CASE or not (if yes, and the logical or emotional selection of the predicate is required, put a dash).
3. Are there signs of non-use of dashes or not?
(if the PREDICATE stands AHEAD of the subject; the subject and the predicate form a PHRASEOLOGICAL TURN; between the subject and the predicate there is an INTRODUCTORY WORD, ADVERB, PARTICLE, CONJUNCTION; before the predicate there is the negation NOT, or the words AS, AS IF, WORDLY, EXACTLY, ALL THE EQUAL WHAT, LIKE AS , or UNCONSISTENT member of the sentence: the sentence is CONVERSATIVE in nature - do not put a dash; in other cases - put it).
Sample solution
A ) Drive out before evening and bring in at dawn
herd is a great holiday for peasant boys (Turgenev).
Yes: the subject is expressed in the infinitive form of the verb and comes before the predicate.
Answer: Driving out the herd before the evening and bringing in the herd at dawn is a great holiday for peasant boys (Turgenev).
b) Someone else's soul, you know, a dark forest, and even more so a girl's (Turgenev).
1. Are there mandatory signs of a dash or not?
2. Are the subject and predicate expressed by a noun, a cardinal numeral in the nominative case or not?
Yes, the subject and predicate are expressed by a noun in nominative case, and there is no need to highlight the predicate logically or emotionally.
3. Are there any signs of non-use of dashes or not?
Yes: there is an introductory clause between the subject and the predicate.
Therefore, there is no need to put a dash.
Answer: Someone else's soul, you know, a dark forest, and even more so a girl's.
PUNCTUATION MARKS
WHEN AGREED DEFINITIONS ARE SEPARATED.
Solution algorithm.
Determine sequentially:
1. Is it behind the INDEFINITE, DETERMINATIVE, DEMONSATIVE, POSSESSIVE pronoun or not (if yes, do not isolate).
2. As part of the PREDICATE, SUBJECT or not (if yes, do not isolate).
3. There are signs of isolation IN THE DEFINED or not (if the defined is not expressed; or is expressed by a personal pronoun; or is expressed by a proper name and stands in front of the definition - isolate).
4. There are signs of isolation IN THE DEFINITION or not (the definition is SEPARATED from the defined by at least one word; or it stands BEHIND THE DEFINED and is expressed by a VOLUME; or it stands behind the DEFINED, which has a CONSENTED DEFINITION in front or is expressed by any WORD COMBINATION; or has a CIRCUMSTANCE meaning - separate).
5. WHETHER what is being defined is UPDATED or not (if yes, separate it out; in other cases, no).
Sample solution
A) Throughout the conversation he pulled out standing in front of him ashtrays, burnt matches and broke them into small pieces (Kuprin).
1. Is it behind the indefinite, attributive, demonstrative, possessive pronoun or not?
3. Are there signs of isolation in what is being determined or not? No.
5.Is what is being defined updated or not?
Therefore, there is no need to isolate.
Answer: Throughout the conversation, he pulled out burnt matches from the ashtray in front of him and broke them into small pieces.
b) The waves, with the inhospitability of the night, splash into the boulders of stone piled in the water behind the narrow and long strip of the pier (Bunin).
1. Is it behind the indefinite, attributive, demonstrative, possessive pronoun or not?
2. As part of a predicate, subject or not?
3. Are there signs of isolation in what is being determined or not?
4. Are there signs of isolation in the definition or not?
Yes: the definition stands behind the defined and is expressed participial phrase.
Therefore, it is necessary to separate.
Answer: The waves, with the inhospitability of night, splash into the boulders of stone piled in the water behind the long, narrow strip of the pier.
PUNCTUATION MARKS
WHEN SEPARATING APPLICATIONS
Solution algorithm.
Determine sequentially:
1. SINGLE application or not (if SINGLE, put a hyphen, except in cases where the defined denotes a generic concept, and the application is a specific one; the words being defined are words like COMRADE, Mister, CITIZEN; the defined or application is already written with a hyphen; the application is AHEAD OF THE DEFINED and it can be replaced by an adjective without changing the meaning; the appendix is a PROPER NAME and stands after the qualifier; the appendix has a CIRCUMSTANCE meaning or a SPECIFICATION value; if a SINGLE appendix has a CIRCUMSTANCEAL SPECIFICATION meaning, put commas).
2. There are SIGNS of a DASH or not (if the application is UPDATED; or refers to one of the HOMOGENEOUS members of the sentence; or is used in a construction like “Chatsky - Kachalov”, put a dash - one or two, depending on the position in the sentence).
3. There are SIGNS OF COMMAs or not (if the DEFINED IS NOT EXPRESSED in the sentence; or is expressed by a PERSONAL PRONOUN; or is expressed by a PROPER NAME and stands before the application - put commas; if the application is SEPARATED from the defined by at least one word; or stands AFTER the DEFINED and is expressed by a NOUN WITH DEPENDENT WORDS; or stands AFTER THE DEFINED, which has a CONSENTED definition in front or is expressed by some WORD COMBINATION;
or has a CIRCUMSTANCEAL meaning - put commas; in other cases, do not place it).
Sample solution
A) Today he presented the professor with his last and most difficult practical work... instrumental filming terrain(Kuprin).
2. Are there signs of a dash?
Yes: the application is updated and reveals the content of what is being defined.
Therefore, you need to put a dash.
Answer: Today he presented the professor with the last and most difficult practical work - -instrumental filming terrain(Kuprin).
b ) The faces looked motionless from the frames....shells (Bunin).
1. Single application or not?
Exception?
Therefore, you need to put a hyphen.
Answer; Faces looked motionless from frames - shells (Bunin).
PUNCTUATION MARKS
WHEN THE CIRCUMSTANCES ARE SPECIAL
Solution algorithm.
Determine sequentially:
1. Expressed as a NOUN WITH A PREPOSITION, ADVERB or not (if yes, separate, provided that it has an ACTUALIZED CIRCUMSTANCE meaning, including in the presence of prepositions IN VIEW, AS A RESULT, BY REASON, THANKS, LIKELY, LIKELY, PROVIDED, IF PRESENT. FOR EXCEPT, TO AVOID, WITH CONSENT, IN CONNECTION).
2. PHRASEOLOGISM or not (if yes, do not isolate).
3. As part of the predicate, is it closely related to it in meaning or not (if yes, do not isolate it).
4. EXCEPTION or not (if before the gerund, the participle phrase there is an INTENSIFYING PARTICIPLE; or the gerund has as a dependent the CONJUNCTIVE WORD “WHAT” as part of the attributive clause; or one of the homogeneous adverbial circumstances connected by the non-repeating conjunction AND, expressed NOT by a gerund, is exception and do not separate; in other cases – separate).
Sample solution.
A) It was clear how hearing a noise approaching ship they approached the railing and looked down (Kuprin).
2. Phraseologism or not?
3. As part of the predicate, with the predicate or not?
4. And is it an exception or not?
Therefore, separate.
Answer: It was clear how hearing a noise approaching ship they walked up to the railing and looked down.
b) Worked rolling up my sleeves, and the matter was settled.
1. Is it expressed as a noun with a preposition, an adverb or not?
2. Phraseologism or not?
Yes, phraseology.
Therefore, don't isolate.
Answer: Worked rolling up my sleeves, and the matter was settled.
PUNCTUATION MARKS
WITH HOMOGENEOUS TERMS OF THE SENTENCE
Solution algorithm.
Determine sequentially:
1. HOMOGENEOUS or not (if they are one member of a sentence, answer one question, refer to the same word - homogeneous, except for DEFINITIONS and APPLICATIONS; if DEFINITIONS indicate features items of the same type; or signs of one object, characterizing it on one side; or act as epithets; or the second is expressed by a participial phrase; or stand after the word being defined - then they are homogeneous; if APPLICATIONS characterize the subject on the one hand and there are relations of clarification and clarification between them - then they are homogeneous).
2. Connected by a CONJUNCTION or not (if not, put commas or semicolons depending on the degree of their prevalence; if yes, do not put commas for non-repeating connecting conjunctions AND, YES AND and dividing OR, OR; in other cases, put between homogeneous members commas or semicolons depending on their prevalence).
3. Are there GENERALING WORDS or not (if there are, put a dash when generalizing words come after homogeneous members sentences, and put a colon when in front; if the sentence continues after homogeneous members of the sentence, place a colon or dash after the generalizing words, and a dash after the homogeneous members).
Sample solution.
1. Homogeneous or not?
Homogeneous.
2. United by union or not?
Yes: repeating conjunction I.
Therefore, commas must be placed between homogeneous members of the sentence.
3. Are there generalizing words or not?
Eat: All; stands after homogeneous members of the sentence.
Therefore, a dash must be placed before the generalizing word.
b) Running up to a lilac bush, she tore off two branches of white already crumbling lilacs(L. Tolstoy).
1. Homogeneous or not?
Homogeneous: the second is expressed by a participial phrase.
2. United by union or not?
No. Therefore, a comma must be placed between them.
3.Are there generalizing words or not?
Answer: Running up to a lilac bush, she tore off two white branches from it, already crumbling lilacs(L. Tolstoy).
PUNCTUATION MARKS
WITH INTRODUCTORY WORDS AND SENTENCES
Solution algorithm.
1. Determine sequentially:
Relates to a SEPARATE member of the sentence or not (if yes and stands before or after it, separate it together with the separate member of the sentence; if it stands in the middle of the separate member of the sentence, separate it with commas on both sides).
2. Common, expresses additional information or not (if a gerund, put a dash or parentheses; in other cases, put commas).
Sample solution.
A) He For example and at first it seemed to me somewhat harsh... (Dostoevsky).
The introductory word is “for example.”
Therefore, you need to use commas.
Answer: He, For example, and at first it seemed kind of harsh to me...
b) science, the very name of which still makes me shudder (Kuprin).
1. Does it relate to a separate member of the sentence or not?
2. Is it widespread, expresses additional information or not?
Therefore, you need to put parentheses.
Answer: One Sunday I was left without leave for the unit I received in the subject of military fortification (a science whose very name still makes me shudder).
V) However, there were also fierce teachers For example Geography teacher Lieutenant Colonel Lev Vasilievich Ryabko (Kuprin).
The introductory word is “for example.”
1. Does it relate to a separate member of the sentence or not?
Yes; stands in front of him.
Therefore, it is necessary to isolate with an isolated member of the sentence.
Answer: However, there were also fierce teachers, For example Geography teacher Lieutenant Colonel Lev Vasilievich Ryabko.
PUNCTUATION MARKS
IN A COMPLEX SENTENCE.
Solution algorithm.
Determine sequentially:
1.Are there signs of a dash or not? (if the second part means an UNEXPECTED ACCESSION, CONSEQUENCE or RESULT in relation to what is said in the first, put a dash).
2. Is there a non-repeating conjunction AND, YES, (AND), OR, EITHER or not? (if not, use a comma or semicolon).
3. EXCEPTION or not? (if there is an EXCEPTION, do not use a comma; if not, use a comma or semicolon).
Sample solution.
A) The horses were unharnessed and released onto the grass not far from me, and I was pleased with it (Aksakov).
1. Are there signs of a dash or not?
2. Is there a non-repeating conjunction AND, YES, (AND), OR, EITHER or not?
Yes: union I.
3. Exception or not?
Therefore, you need to put a comma.
Answer: The horses were unharnessed and released onto the grass not far from me, and I was pleased with that.
b) O He looked at the sky and his whole soul, both mocking and naive, was full of thirst for achievement (Bunin).
Are there signs of a dash or not?
Yes: the second part denotes the result of what is said in the first.
Therefore, you need to put a dash.
Answer: O he looked at the sky - and his whole soul, both mocking and naive, was full of thirst for achievement .
PUNCTUATION MARKS
IN A COMPLEX SENTENCE.
Solution algorithm.
Determine sequentially:
1. There are homogeneous subordinate clauses or not (if there are and are connected by a non-repeating conjunction AND, YES, (AND), OR, OR, do not put a comma before the conjunction; in other cases, put commas between homogeneous subordinate clauses, and if they are particularly common, use a semicolon).
2. The subordinate clause is expressed only by a conjunctive word or not (if yes, do not put a comma before the subordinate clause).
3. Is there a confluence of conjunctions or not (if there is a second part of the conjunction - THEN, SO, BUT, do not put a comma between the conjunctions; in other cases, separate subordinate clauses with commas, except for those where the subordinate clause is located after the main one and before subordinating conjunction(by a conjunctive word) there is a negation NOT or conjunctions AND, OR, OR).
Sample solution.
A) The pretty housewife completely forgot that it was already 12 o’clock and her husband was sleeping (Gogol).
1. Are there homogeneous subordinate clauses or not?
Yes: connected by a non-repeating conjunction I.
Therefore, there is no need to put a comma before the conjunction; a group of homogeneous subordinate clauses must be separated by a comma from the main clause.
Answer: The pretty housewife completely forgot that it was already 12 o’clock and her husband was sleeping.
PUNCTUATION MARKS
IN A CONJUNCTIONAL COMPLEX SENTENCE.
Solution algorithm.
Determine sequentially:
1.ARE the parts EQUAL or not (if yes, put a comma or semicolon depending on the degree of their INDEPENDENCE AND DISTRIBUTION).
2. The second part REVEALS the MEANING of the first, indicates the REASON or not (if yes, put a colon; in other cases, put a dash).
Sample solution.
A) Ivlev looked around, the weather had become dull, livid clouds had gathered from all sides, and it was already drizzling (Bunin).
1. Are the parts equal or not?
2. The second part reveals the meaning of the first, does it indicate a reason or not?
Yes, it reveals the meaning of the first.
Therefore, you need to put a colon.
Answer: Ivlev looked around: the weather had grown dull, livid clouds had gathered from all sides, and
b) A hundred paces away from me the grove from which I had just emerged darkened; there the embankment turned in a beautiful semicircle to the right and disappeared into the trees (Chekhov).
1. Are the parts equal or not?
Therefore, you need to use a semicolon (common).
Answer: A hundred paces away from me the grove from which I had just emerged was dark; there the embankment turned to the right in a beautiful semicircle and disappeared into the trees.
Exercises
Exercise 1 . Answer which step of the algorithm corresponds to punctuation marks for constructions with How:
1 – presence of combinations; 2 A – phraseological unit ; 2b– words before How; 2V– composition of the predicate; 2 G- the meaning of identity or “as”; 2 d– separation.
1. The eyes behind the shiny glasses How as if they see nothing and are restless ( Bunin) (??). 2. And Gavrila babbled that her voice was so thin and plaintive, How at the toad ( Gogol) (??). 3. In broad daylight, on Nikolaevskaya street, How since where the reckless drivers stood they killed no one else, How Commander-in-Chief of the German Army in Ukraine, Field Marshal Eichhorn...( Bulgakov)(??). 4. No address - calendar or reference place will deliver such correct news, How Nevsky Avenue ( Gogol)(??). 5. Olenin was happy How twelve year old boy ( L. Tolstoy)(??). 6. In the best, friendly and simple relationships flattery or praise is necessary How Lubrication is necessary for the wheels to keep them moving ( L. Tolstoy)(??). 7. Chartkov entered his hallway, unbearably cold, How always happens to artists, which, however, they do not notice ( Gogol)(??). 8. The desert wind blew up in the open air, blew up the snowy steppes, How swan fluff ( Aksakov) (??). 9. And only since then, How I gave the portrait to my nephew, who asked for it, I felt as if a stone had suddenly been lifted from my shoulders: I suddenly felt cheerful, How see ( Gogol)(??;??). 10. Since then I have been constantly feverish, sleep does not refresh me, in the evening my head is burning, and in the morning I How in a chill ( Herzen)(??). 11. Four smoothly hewn gigantic stones were covered, How roof, fifth ( Paustovsky)(??). 12. Only Anna Pavlovna’s only son, Alexander Fedorovich, was sleeping, How A twenty-year-old youth should sleep like a hero; and in the house everyone was fussing and bustling ( Dostoevsky) (??).
13. Morality divorced from life is also immoral How life that has lost all moral content ( Plekhanov)(??). 14. Nikolai Andreevich stopped How rooted to the spot, held his breath and began to wait for what would happen next, but could not stand it and coughed ( Chekhov)(??). 15. And Jacob’s eyes lit up, How coals, and he was shaking all over How leaf and smiled randomly ( Turgenev) (??;??).
Exercise 2. Specify the dash sign: A- demonstrative words before the predicate;
B– at least one of the main members of the sentence is expressed in an indefinite form of the verb; IN– the subject and predicate are expressed by a noun or cardinal numeral in the nominative case and a logical or emotional separation of the predicate is required; G- the subject is expressed by a pronoun and a logical or emotional selection of the predicate is required.
1. But we forgot that it is shining
Only a word among earthly anxieties
And in the Gospel of John
It is said that this word is God ( Gumilev). (?)
2. Who is created from stone, who is created from clay, -
And I’m silver and sparkling!
What matters to me is betrayal, my name is Marina, (?,?)
I am mortal foam of the sea ( Tsvetaeva).
3. And then I dreamed that my heart didn’t hurt,
It is a porcelain bell in yellow China (?)
On the motley pagoda... hangs and rings welcomingly,
In the enamel sky, teasing flocks of cranes ( Gumilev).
4. That fifth season,
Just praise him
Breathe the last freedom
Because this is love ( Akhmatova). (?)
5. This is a cool whistle,
This is the clicking of crushed ice floes,
This is the leaf-chilling night,
This is a duel between two nightingales,
This is a sweet rotten pea,
These are the tears of the universe in the shoulder blades,
This is from consoles and flutes - Figaro
Falls like hail onto the garden bed ( Parsnip). (?)
6. This path is light and dark, (?)
A robber whistle in the fields,
Quarrels, bloody fights
In taverns as scary as dreams ( Gumilev).
7. And her tears are water, and her blood is (?,?)
Water, washed in blood, in tears!
Not mother, but stepmother Love:
Expect neither judgment nor mercy ( Tsvetaeva).
8. And why the fire is cold,
Who cares about separation - Craft! (?)
It came in one wave,
Another wave carried away ( Tsvetaeva).
9. I am in the corridor of closed days,
Where even the sky is a heavy oppression, (?)
I look into centuries, I live in minutes,
But I'm waiting for Saturday from Saturdays ( Gumilev).
10. And suddenly consciousness will give me an answer,
That you, your humble one, were not and are not.
What is your “yes”, your trepidation, at the pine tree
Your kiss is just the delirium of spring and dreams ( Gumilev). (?)
11. All the splendor
Trumpets are just babbling (?)
Grass in front of you
All the splendor
Storms are just twitter (?)
Birds in front of you.
All the splendor
The wing is just awe (?)
A century before you ( Tsvetaeva).
12. Clouds stood on end like hair
Above the smoky, pale Neva.
Who are you? Oh who are you? Whoever you are
The city is your imagination ( Parsnip). (?)
13. And the poplar is king. I'm playing with insomnia, (?)
And the queen is a nightingale. I reach out to the nightingale. (?)
And the night wins, the figures shun,
I recognize the white morning in the face ( Parsnip).
Exercise 3 . Indicate the algorithm step for each case of separation and non-separation - 1,2,3.
1. I remember dusty and exhausted by the heat, I was sitting in the corner on a green chest (Chekhov). (?) 2. Driven by love, but not for himself, but for his family, for his son, he wanted happiness, something that was not destined, was not given to him (Bunin).(?) 3. She came in loaded with an armful of firewood and dropped them with a crash in the corner by the stove (Bulgakov). (?)
4. But there was still a lot of time left before lunch, until the evening. And this one went out into the street again seeing nothing man with glasses. (Bunin).(?) 5. Now, for example, he saw that the looks of everyone sitting in the hall facing the windows of the office where Sivachev was raging
(A. Tolstoy). (?) 6. All wet to the skin, he got home, locked himself in, opened his office, took out all his money and tore up two or three papers (Dostoevsky).(?) 7. I, weak from the struggle for life, but happy with victory, got out of bed and saw through the window that the entire lawn in front of the house was covered with various small birds
(Prishvin).(?) 8. Everything what happened next took no more than a minute (Parsnip).(?) 9. He was returning from church fresh, radiant, with a smile all over his face(Chekhov).(?) 10. Exhausted, wet, dirty, she returned home, and from that day that spiritual revolution began in her, as a result of which she became what she was now (L. Tolstoy).(?) 11. Suddenly something similar to a song struck my ears (Lermontov). (?) 12. Imbued with tearing pity, he sat in front of a burnt candle ( L. Tolstoy). (?) 13. Tired, peaceful, I put down my pen, mentally thanking God for my strength, for my work, get dressed and go out onto the porch (Bunin).(?) 14. She calmed down, became quiet, and the waves from the steamer spread over her like this clean and smooth as if they were born and froze in liquid glass (Kuprin) (?)
Exercise 4. Find the application and set punctuation marks according to the algorithm steps: 1, d; 1, h; 2, dash; 3, h; if there is no punctuation mark, indicate (-,-).
1. O North, Northern sorcerer,
Am I bewitched by you?
Or am I really chained
To your granite strip? (Tyutchev). (?,?)
2. Mother nature gave him
Two powerful, two living wings ...(Tyutchev). (?,?)
3. No, my passion for you
I can’t hide it, Mother Earth!
Spirits of ethereal voluptuousness
I don't thirst for your faithful son (Tyutchev). (?,?) (?,?)
4. Encased in grandfather’s armor,
Warrior guard on the wall
I heard, secretly fascinated,
A distant hum, as if in a dream (Tyutchev). (?,?)
5. Is this the sound of shells?
Is there quiet gossip in the rooms?
Having quarreled with your shadow,
Is the fire roaring through the damper? (Parsnip).(?,?)
6. Once again given to me by naps
Our last star paradise
City of clean water cannons,
Golden Bakhchisarai (Akhmatova). (?,?)
7. They are flying, they are still on the road
Words of liberation and love
And I’m already in pre-song anxiety,
And my lips are colder than ice (Akhmatova). (?,?)
8. I know: when I’m guessing, I should also cut off
Delicate daisy flower.
Must experience on this earth
Every love torture (Akhmatova). (?)
9. The sister muse looked into the face,
Her gaze is clear and bright.
And took away the gold ring
First spring gift (Akhmatova). (?,?) (?,?)
10. Over the wide river,
The bridge is tied with a belt,
The town is small,
Mentioned more than once by the chronicler ( Gumilev). (?,?)
11. Stands high
The sun is in the sky
Bakes hot
Mother Earth (Koltsov). (?,?)
Exercise 5. Determine in accordance with which step of the algorithm the gerunds and adverbs are highlighted or not separated by commas
rpm – 2,3,4.
1. No one knew better how to merge social frivolity with heartfelt dreaminess and, keeping strict etiquette fashionable decency, while commanding fashion (Bestuzhev). (?) 2. Porfiry came out somehow bent over and as if avoiding looking at Raskolnikov
(Dostoevsky). (?) 3. A hunched old man in a black cape was already walking along the wide street, tapping with a stick and, groaning, bending down when the tip of the stick knocked out the cigarette butt (Nabokov). (?,?)
4. Having dressed up, I left the house and went to see if the front wheel, which had already been sent to the blacksmith twice, was in good condition. (?)Bunin).(?)?) 5. Along the way, he saw all the same tracks and, having calmed down that the direction was right, drove more quietly (?) Sholokhov). (?)?) 6. He sat astride a chair and, sticking out his lower jaw, spoke in a deep voice ( L. Tolstoy).(?) 7. A crowd of students, white with snow, walked past him laughing and talking merrily (Chekhov).(?,?) 8. At that hour the plague came to the factory and mowed down people without ceasing, and the clock rang all night (A. Tolstoy).(?) 9. It was visible how, having heard the noise of the approaching steamer, they approached the railing and, leaning on it, looked down (Kuprin)(?,?) 10. Cleopatra slowly walked up and covered Mishuka’s face with a clean napkin (A. Tolstoy).(?) 11. In recent months, the feeling of heroism, the cry of the soul, unconsciously associated him with the platforms and stands, with chairs, by jumping onto which he could throw some kind of appeal to the crowd, something incendiary (Parsnip).(?,?)
12. I put on a sheepskin coat and sat on horseback, placing Savelich behind me ( Pushkin). (?) 13. He quickly dressed and, yawning and shuddering from the morning chill, went out onto the deck (Kuprin)(?) 14. Even having mastered himself, for a long time he could not get rid of the strangeness of such a coincidence (Kuprin)(?) 15. Nazarka, curled up, was already asleep ( L. Tolstoy).(?) 16. A hussar in a white tunic came out of the best hut and, taking off his cap, approached the officers ( L. Tolstoy). (?)
Exercise 6. Add the missing punctuation marks in connection with homogeneous predicates.
1. Nekhlyudov returned to court, took off his coat and went upstairs ( L. Tolstoy). 2. At first I was offended and ashamed that Masha did not pay any attention to me and looked down all the time (Chekhov). 3. However, the governor, who knew his father, immediately approached the count, and very favorably took him aside and talked to him, which further reassured the provincial public and elevated the count in their opinion ( L. Tolstoy). 4. I spent the rest of the evening near Vera and talked to my heart's content about antiquity (Lermontov). 5. At first everyone wanted to go in carriages, but changed their minds and headed to the boats (Chekhov).
6. Lukashka got bored, got up, took out a knife from under his dagger and began to whittle a stick into a ramrod ( L. Tolstoy). 7. Chartkov got down to business, sat down the original, figured it all out a little in his head, ran a brush through the air, mentally establishing points, squinted several eyes, leaned back, looked from afar, and in one hour began and finished the underpainting ( Gogol). 8. From time to time, a piercing howl of the wind rose behind the forest; it rushed with some kind of ferocious despair across the dying fields, hummed in the deep ruts of the country road, picked up whole clouds of leaves and branches, carried them and twisted them in the air along with the jackdaws that came their way and, finally, rushing up in a furious hissing whirlwind, struck the skinny chest of the aspen tree... (Grigorovich). 9. The heart will suddenly tremble and beat, rush forward passionately, then will be irrevocably drowned in memories (Turgegenev). 10. Nature created him so well that his mother’s love and the worship of those around him only affected his good sides; for example, his premature heartfelt inclinations instilled in him a credulity towards everything to the point of excess. (Goncharov). 11. We drank cold water, fulfilled the duties of guests, told city news and spent the night with a Kazakh ( Paustovsky).
Exercise 7 . Determine what the highlighted word or phrase is - introductory (V) or not (n). If introductory, add appropriate punctuation.
1. Finally one morning Savelich came to me holding a letter in his hands (Pushkin).(?) 2. I finally I realized what was going on, and I felt uneasy (Astafiev).(?) 3. Garth was tired of the past, poorly aware of the present, and finally he didn't want to wait ( Paustovsky). (?) 4.Finally they were introduced to each other A. Tolstoy). (?) 5. Finally summer residents reach the village (Chekhov).(?) 6. I was already starting to lose patience and worry, but here finally Peering into the dark distance, I saw the silhouette of something very similar to a gallows (Chekhov). (?)
7. Finally I crossed the swamp, climbed a small hill and now could get a good look at the hut (Kuprin) (?)
8. You need to know that Akakiy Akakievich explained himself for the most part prepositions, adverbs and finally such particles that absolutely have no meaning ( Gogol). (?) 9. Finally the second bell rings ( Bunin)(?) 10. When did he appear finally to work, his comrades surrounded him, vying with each other, asking what happened on the island A. Tolstoy).(?) 11. Dunechka finally couldn’t bear it and left Sonya to wait for her brother in his apartment... (Dostoevsky). (?) 12. Kuzma crossed himself widely when finally jumped out of this bondage ( Bunin).(?) 13. But the majority were still real refugees, who had been fleeing for a long time, from city to city, and finally having reached the last Russian line ( Bunin)(?) 14. He looked at the approaching estate, saw finally something about which I had heard so much, but it still seemed that Lushka lived and died not twenty years ago, but almost in time immemorial ( Bunin)(?) 15. Finally we left the fortress gates and left forever Belogorsk fortress (Pushkin)(?) 16. Meanwhile, a soldier jumped out of the stable, the sound of hooves was heard, finally another appeared, in a white robe, with a huge black mustache ( Gogol). (?)
Exercise 8. Apply the signs of using a dash in complex sentences and set the correct sign before
conjunction I – dash or comma.
1. Finally, sleep overcame me and I fell asleep in some kind of blissful ecstasy (Aksakov). 2. Chartkov tried to scream and felt that he had no voice, he tried to move, to make some movement, his limbs did not move ( Gogol). 3. I am swimming and the trace of my boat is visible far away, like a road on a lake. (Prishvin). 4. Five whole years of trading and this is at the very the best time life! ( Bunin). 5. I was told to sit still and had to reluctantly calm down. (Aksakov). 6. It had been raining all day and now it was clearing up (L. Tolstoy). 7. The forest road was covered with puddles from the recent rain and the soil was sobbing underfoot (Chekhov). 8. But autumn has come and a caring owner is harvesting his harvest. (Prishvin).
9. There are no lights in the windows anymore and the lanterns have gone out. (L. Tolstoy). 10. I felt sad and got into the carriage with great embarrassment. (Aksakov). 11. I looked at happy face uncle and for some reason I felt terribly sorry for him (Chekhov). 12. Dawn covered a third of the sky and in the light of dawn the white-matte masses of mountains were sharply separated (L. Tolstoy). 13. I stretched out, closed my eyes and immediately the soft night covered me, warm, exactly like my father’s sheepskin coat, smelling so nice at home ( A Stafiev).
Exercise 9. Set up subordinate clauses and highlight them with commas.
1. As soon as you go up to Nevsky, it already smells like a party. 2. She listened to him with an attentive look and with that feeling of surprise that we express at the sight of something unexpected and strange. 3. Having risen a little on the bed, he saw that his wife, a rather respectable lady who was very fond of drinking coffee, was taking freshly baked bread out of the oven. 4. He again approached the portrait in order to examine these wonderful eyes and noticed with horror that they were definitely looking at him. 5. The artist saw that it was absolutely impossible to finish, that everything had to be replaced with dexterity and quick agility of the brush. 6. And it became clear even to the uninitiated what an immeasurable gap exists between the creation and a simple copy from nature. 7. Here they were not repaired at all, despite the fact that in this same hall there were many of those aristocrats before whom they in another place were ready to sweep away the dust caused by their own boots with their bows. 8. As soon as I was nine years old, he placed me in the Academy of Arts and, having paid off his debtors, retired to a secluded monastery where he soon became a monk. 9. So Pirogov did not cease to pursue the stranger, from time to time entertaining her with questions to which she answered sharply, abruptly and with some unclear sounds. (From works . )
Exercise 10. Fill in the missing punctuation marks according to the conditions for using commas, semicolons, colons and dashes.
1. Guard me, my talisman,
Protect me in the days of burning,
In days of repentance, excitement
You were given to me on the day of sadness (Pushkin).
2. We don't know anything
Neither how nor why
The whole world is uninhabited
He is unclear to the mind (Gumilyov).
3. I'm probably sick with fog at heart
I'm bored by everything - both people and stories, -
I dream of royal diamonds
And the wide scimitar is covered in blood (Gumilyov).
4. The gold of my hair
Quietly turns gray
Don't be sorry, everything has come true
Everything in the chest merged and sang (Tsvetaeva).
5. I know a woman who is silent,
Fatigue is bitter from words
Lives in a mysterious flicker
Her dilated pupils (Gumilev).
6. I like the obstinate character
He's lost the habit of being an artist
From phrases, and hides from view,
And he is ashamed of his own books (Pasternak).
7. The miraculous lot has taken place
Faded great person(Pushkin).
1. The first section of the student manual….……………..………..1
2. Explanatory note……………………………………..…….2
3. Rules (check yourself)……………………………………..….3
4. Exercises……………………………………………………..…9
5. Second section of the manual……………………………………………………………...25
7. Training exercises……………………………………..32
8. Orthotables…………………………………………………..….38
9. Spelling of adverbs…………………………………………...42
10. To help high school students and applicants.
Words written together and separately written……………45
11. Options for creative dictation on individual punctuation topics……………………………………………………….49
12. Third section of the manual. Intensive course of Russian punctuation……………………………………………………..56
13. Punctuation marks for constructions HOW……………………57
14. Punctuation marks when introductory words and proposals….….64
15. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence………65
16. Punctuation marks in a complex sentence……..65
17. Punctuation marks in a non-union complex sentence…….66
"Exhausted by melancholy and illness" “TORTURED BY MEANING AND ILLNESS”, poem. early L. (1832), addressed to N.F. Ivanova. The beginning of the verse. maintained in the usual spirit of romanticism (a crowd of “young madmen” surrounds the beauty, young poet“fades away,” “exhausted by melancholy and illness”), but as the conflict of love feelings unfolds, it subsides. acquires a “Lermontov” meaning. Poem. reveals plot similarities with “Justification” (1824-27) by E. A. Baratynsky, where the lyric. the hero makes excuses to his beloved for “glorifying the wives of others”; L. - “I’m to blame, I could have praised someone else.” However, if Baratynsky’s hero tries to “beg” for forgiveness, L.’s hero demands it: “But didn’t I demand forgiveness / At your feet?” Poem. Baratynsky, with all his psychol. accuracy, is generally maintained in the traditions of “light poetry,” while L.’s sounds tragic. a note of vulnerability and lack of recognition. The tension is poetic. speech is achieved due to the heterogeneity of iambics, syntactic. transfers (enjambement), injection questions. intonation. Concludes. the lines - “You were like the happiness of heaven to me / For a demon, an exile from heaven” - unexpectedly bring out the verse. from specifically psychological love situation in another art. dimension: there is a breakthrough into the “beyond”, which allowed L. to express the strength and exclusivity of the lyrical feeling. hero. Autograph - IRLI, notebook. IV. For the first time - “RM”, 1884, No. 4, p. 60. Dated according to position in the notebook.
Lit.: Andronikov(13), p. 140.
V. N. Shikin Lermontov Encyclopedia / USSR Academy of Sciences. Institute rus. lit. (Pushkin. House); Scientific-ed. Council of the publishing house "Sov. Encycl."; Ch. ed. Manuilov V. A., Editorial Board: Andronikov I. L., Bazanov V. G., Bushmin A. S., Vatsuro V. E., Zhdanov V. V., Khrapchenko M. B. - M.: Sov. Encycl., 1981
See what ""Exhausted by melancholy and illness"" is in other dictionaries:
- (1800 44), Russian. poet. His personal acquaintance with L. took place on February 3. 1840 at V.F. Odoevsky in St. Petersburg (G. Khetso, p. 213). B. informed his wife: “I met Lermontov, who read an excellent new play; a man without a doubt with great... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
IVANOVSKY CYCLE, big cycle youthful love lyrics L. 1830 32, facing N.F. Ivanova (see Cycles). In the publications of L. 19th beginning. 20th centuries the poems of this cycle were published without specifying the addressee. In 1916, B. Neumann suggested that poetry... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia
- “LISTEN, MAYBE, WHEN WE LEAVE,” verse. L. (1832), apparently addressed to V.A. Lopukhina. It clearly shows a parallel with the theme and images of the poem “Demon”, which also emerged in the verses of the 1st half. 1832. For example, in verse. "Exhausted... ... Lermontov Encyclopedia