Endings of adjectives in the nominative case. Case endings for adjectives
- Blue sky. Ex. has a nominative fall (what?). So the adjective is also in this case.
- Sad sometimes (what?). Instrumental.
- Rejoice in the yellow sun (what?). Dative.
- He brought good news (whom what?). Accusative.
- Came to thank my best friend (who what?). Genitive.
- Regret the money spent (about what?) prepositional.
The case of an adjective is more difficult to determine than the case of a noun.
To do this, it is worth determining the case of the noun, which is directly related to the adjective, for example, a stormy river is the nominative case.
You can quickly deal with the cases of adjectives with the help of such a table, which lists the questions of each case with examples.
the case of the adjective is the same as the case of the noun whose sign is mentioned, for example: fresh fruit is masculine for both the noun and the adjective,
interesting movie - neuter here, good weather - feminine
Determining cases for adjectives is easy. To do this, it will be enough just to make a phrase with any noun, after which it will already determine the case of this very noun. For example, a large table (what?), a noun in the nominative case:
If it’s hard right away, then attach the adjective to the noun. Then bending will be much easier. For example:
Blue sky
blue skies
blue sky
Blue sky
blue skies
About the blue sky.
The case of the adjective is determined by the case of the pronoun or noun, the sign of which it denotes and with which it agrees. For example, About the blue sea. Here the noun sea is in the prepositional case. This means that the adjective blue is also in the prepositional case.
Cases of adjectives are not so difficult to learn to determine if these adjectives also contain nouns. And if there are no such nouns, then you need to substitute them hypothetically.
An adjective, as you know, denotes a certain attribute of an object (an object is the noun that we talked about above). The cases of the noun and adjective in the vast majority of variants coincide. For example: blue sky (Dative), about a good boy (Prepositional), paper documentation (Creative), spring thoughts (Nominative or accusative).
When we learn to see or imagine these phrases, then determining the case of an adjective will be as simple as determining the case of a noun. At the end, which indicates the case. Or on a question that can be asked to this adjective.
An adjective is a part of speech that denotes a sign of an object and agrees in gender, number and case with the noun on which it depends.
Thus, to determine the case of an adjective, it is enough to determine the case of a noun.
Example: I see a beautiful (V.p.) girl (V.p.). To begin with, we determine the case of the noun: I see (who?) A girl. The noun is used in the form of the accusative case, respectively, the adjective is also in the B. case.
Most often in sentences and phrases, adjectives refer to nouns. And what case these nouns will have, so will adjectives.
For example:
If there is no noun, then you will have to invent it according to the meaning.
For example:
slightly interesting. We substitute the word story and determine its case (who is what?). Nominative.
To determine the case of an adjective, you need to pay attention to the noun to which this adjective refers - what case this noun has, so will the adjective.
Example: with a steel needle (answers the question with what ?, which means that this is a tool case - for both a noun and an adjective).
Tables with adjective endings are, of course, good, but you won’t memorize it, will you? You need to learn how to independently navigate in such a topic as cases.
Let's take an example:
I want to say goodbye to old things.
We have an adjective - old, it describes the attribute of a noun by things. The adjective is always closely connected with the noun, in what form the latter is used, the former will also be in this form, in particular, they will have the same case.
That is, you just need to understand in which case our noun is used. By the word things, you can pick up the case question what ?, which means that it refers to the instrumental case. And the adjective is also used in the instrumental case and ends in -y.
An adjective means a sign of an object that answers the question: what? what? what? The adjective is declined in the singular.
The masculine gender has the ending th, th, oh. For example: a man (what?) is handsome, loving, cool. For example: what kind of skirt? turquoise, burgundy.
Sazonova Galina Vasilievna
Place of work, position:
Krasnodar Territory, city of Novokubansk, MOBUG No. 2, teacher
Krasnodar region
Characteristics of the lesson (classes)
The level of education:
Primary general education
The target audience:
Learner (student)
The target audience:
Teacher (teacher)
Class(es):
Item(s):
Russian language
The purpose of the lesson:
*
*
*
Lesson type:
Lesson of studying and primary consolidation of new knowledge
Students in the class (audience):
Used textbooks and tutorials:
T.G. Ramzaeva "Russian language", 4th grade
Explanatory dictionary of a schoolboy, O.D. Ushakov
Used equipment:
Table "Declination of adjectives"
Short description:
Russian language lesson in 4th grade
Subject: Changing adjectives by case
Target:
* to introduce students to the method of recognizing the case of an adjective;
* introduce the declension of adjectives in the singular;
* develop attention, memory, speech of students.
Equipment: table "Declination of adjectives", MMP, laptop, screen
During the classes
1. Organizational moment and communication of the purpose of the lesson
Good day, about a good story, a good deed.
Why adjectives good, good, good have different endings, although they have the same gender and number? (They have different cases.)
Today in the lesson we will get acquainted with the declension of adjectives in the singular.
2. Vocabulary and spelling work
You will learn a new word from the dictionary, which we will get acquainted with in the lesson, if you solve the crossword puzzle (see attached file): (slide)
1. Long stick. (Pole.)
2. What is the name of a large settlement? (City.)
3. Item for sitting. (Chair.)
4. Large, high haystack. (Stack.)
5. Road with rows of trees planted on both sides. (Alley.)
What word came out? (This word highway.)
What is a highway?
First, the children make their guesses, then
find an explanation in the explanatory dictionary. (This is a paved road.)
Write this word twice, pronouncing it in syllables, highlight the spelling, put the stress mark.
Pick up the word highway suitable adjectives. ( Smooth highway, wide highway.)
Why are adjectives used in speech? (Adjectives are used to make speech more accurate and beautiful.)
Name the grammatical features of the adjective. (Adjectives change by gender and number.)
How to determine the gender of an adjective? (The gender of an adjective is determined by the gender of the noun.)
Today we will learn another grammatical feature of the adjective.
3. Work on the topic of the lesson
Teamwork
Determine the gender and number of adjectives in phrases:
. (In the phrase deep pond adjective deep masculine, since the noun pond to which it refers is masculine. In the phrase deep lake adjective deep neuter, since the noun lake to which it refers is neuter. In the phrase deep hole adjective deep feminine, since the noun nora to which it refers is feminine. In phrases deep pond, deep lake, deep hole adjectives are singular. Since they are related to nouns pond, lake, burrow, which are singular.)
What is the gender and number of the adjective? (An adjective is always in the same gender and number as the noun it refers to.)
Decline these phrases.
How Ouch? How oh? How and I?
Im.p. deep uy the pond is deep oh the lake is deep and I Nora
How Wow? How Wow? How Ouch?
R.p. deep Wow the pond is deep Wow lakes deep Ouch burrows
How wow? How wow? How Ouch?
D.p. deep wow the pond is deep wow the lake is deep Ouch burrow
How Ouch? How oh? How wow?
V.p. deep uy the pond is deep oh the lake is deep wow burrow
How them? How them? How Ouch?
T.p.. deep them the pond is deep them lake deep Ouch burrow
oh how ohm? oh how ohm? oh how Ouch?
P.p.. oh deep ohm deep pond ohm the lake is deep Ouch burrow
What conclusion can you draw? (Adjectives change by case or decline.)
How to determine the case of an adjective? Maybe at the end? (No, the adjective deep ending - Ouch in the genitive, dative, instrumental, prepositional. The case of an adjective can be determined by the case
noun.)
4. Physical education
We worked great.
Take a break now
And we are accustomed to charging
Comes to class for class.
I will name phrases. If the phrase contains a singular adjective, you squat. If the phrase contains a plural adjective, you are walking in place.
Winter road, delicious berries, slender trees, a high fence, forest paths, new notebooks, a red apple, interesting stories.
5. Consolidation of the studied
a) Exercise "Determine the gender, number and case of the adjective"
Word combinations are written on the board.
Across a wide field, about a true friend, on a long journey, under a low bush, behind a high fence, an interesting book, on a tall tree, with a beloved kitten, on a bookshelf, in a green grove, a blue wave.
b) Work on the textbook.
Reading the output on page 124.
Reading the memo on page 124.
Exercise 283 p.125.
Write from memory, determine the case of the adjective. ( Transparent - V.p..)
c) Independent work (mutual verification).
Pick up and insert adjectives, linking them in meaning with nouns. Determine the case of adjectives. Select endings.
In _________ there is silence in the forest. All animals hid from __________ cold. Suddenly crossbills swept with noise over _________ clearing. Birds clung to the top of _________ spruce. At the very top hung clusters of ___________ cones. The claws of the birds began to drag ___________ seeds.
6. Lesson summary
Continue the phrase:
To determine the case of an adjective, you need:
- Find ……, which refers to ………
- Determine case...
- By case ...... determine the case ......
7. Homework
Exercise 281, page 124
It is difficult to imagine a lively conversation without vivid epithets that reflect the feelings of a person - admiration, jubilation, joy, annoyance, indignation. Basically, these unusual words that make our speech richer are adjectives that indicate the quality of the subject and answer the questions: what? Which? which? which? Definitions are easy to pronounce, but not only schoolchildren, but also adults get confused in their spelling. To avoid mistakes when writing, you need to correctly determine the case of these colorful words.
How to determine the case of an adjective by a noun
Usually the adjective agrees in case with the subordinate noun. Consider a simple sentence: “A narrow path ran through a spruce forest, winding and meandering, until it finally disappeared into an impenetrable thicket.”
- Look for adjectives by asking questions - which one? Which? It turns out that 2 words - narrow and impassable - are adjectives.
- Find the noun associated with the first epithet by asking what? The answer is a path that is in the nominative case, goes out, and a narrow one is of the same case.
Remember: if the noun is the subject, this is I.p., if the minor member is B.p.
- The second noun is in the thicket, it answers the question - in what? Where? and has a prepositional case, therefore the adjective - in impenetrable, is in P.p.
How to determine the case of a feminine adjective
Each type of adjective has its own rules for determining cases. Let's take a look at the feminine declension.
The nominative case has the ending - aya, -ya, genitive, dative, instrumental and prepositional - oh, -ey. Accusative - wow, wow. More details in the example.
As you can see, the endings in different case forms are the same, so in case of difficulty, double-check the spelling for the dependent noun using the hint from the 1st paragraph.
How to determine the case of a masculine adjective
To determine the case of masculine adjectives, ask a question to it and be guided by the endings:
I.p. - endings - oh, th, th;
R.p. - wow, -his;
D.p. - oh, - him;
V.p. - if the object is inanimate, the endings will be - oh, -th, -th, living object - wow, -his;
etc. - ym, -im;
P.p - ohm, -em.
How to determine the case of the neuter adjective
In the nominative and accusative cases, neuter singular adjectives end in -oe, -ee. Then comes without repetitions - genitive - oh, -his, dative - ohm, -him, instrumental - th, -im, prepositional - ohm, -em.
How to determine the case of an adjective plural
These word forms answer the question - which ones?, coincide in number with the dependent noun and have the following case endings:
I.p. - th, -th;
R.p. and P.p. - oh, -them;
D.p. - ym, -im;
V.p. - animate objects according to R.p., inanimate - according to I.p.;
etc. - uh, -i.
So, you have learned how to determine the case of an adjective, it's time to consolidate the result. Print out the hint charts and use them as needed to write any complex adjective correctly.
In order to correctly decline adjectives, you need to know their case questions in both numbers.
Endings and adjectives are most conveniently checked by substituting a question Which? in the correct form, since the endings of the question and the adjective are the same, for example: It was hard for him to go after Wow(How Wow?) days. The exception is the nominative singular masculine (and the accusative case similar to it), where the ending is written under stress -Ouch (detachable Ouch calendar, business Ouch Human), and without the accent - th or -th (desktop th calendar, sincere uy Human).
In adjectives on -th , -ya , -e (wolch uy, wolch ya, wolch ye ) in all cases, except for the nominative (and accusative) case of the masculine singular, the letter is written b , For example: wolch b I(flock) wolch b e(den), wolch b And(footprints); wolch b him, wolf b hey wolf b them wolf b them etc. (but: wolch uy howl).
Nominative case endings
In the feminine, in the nominative singular, the ending is written -and I or -ya , and in the middle gender - th or -her (which? — in absentia and I average ya school; which? — interesting oh comprehensively her study).
In the plural of all three genders, the ending is written th or -s (which? — frosty s winter ie days, nights, mornings).
Accusative endings
In the feminine, in the accusative singular, the ending is written th or -yuyu (answers a question what?), For example: finish (what?) in absentia wow average yuyu school.
Instrumental endings
In the masculine and neuter gender in the instrumental singular, the ending is written th or -them (answers a question what?), For example: enjoy (what?) warmth th autumn them afternoon, morning.
In the feminine singular, the ending is written -Ouch (-oy ) or -to her (-her ) (answers the question Which? what?), For example: patronize (what? what?) change Ouch average to her school.
Prepositional endings
In the masculine and neuter gender, in the prepositional singular, the ending is written -ohm or -eat (answers a question what?), For example: write about (what?) heat ohm autumn eat afternoon, morning.
Declension of participles, ordinal numbers
Just like qualitative and relative adjectives, participles change (decline), some pronouns (every, every, most, this, etc.), ordinal numbers (first, second, fourth, etc., except for the third, declining like possessive adjective wolf). The spelling of the endings of all these words can be checked by substituting the question which one? in the right form, for example: He strove to read (what?) every scientific article that appeared on (what?) an issue of interest to him.
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