Christian nave. Biographies, stories, facts, photographs
Christian Gottlob Nefe was born on February 5, 1748 in Chemnitz, Saxony, into a craft environment. He was the son of tailor Johann Gottlieb Neefe and his wife Rosina Weyrauch. The boy received a musical education in one of the churches of his hometown, where he performed the duties of a chorister and at the same time studied with organist Johann Friedrich Wilhelmi, who greatly encouraged his desire for music. Already at the age of 12, Nefe began composing his own plays. At the age of 19, Nefe became a student at the University of Leipzig, where he studied law from 1769 to 1771, but during his studies he met the composer Johann Adam Hiller, founder and owner of a private singing school in Leipzig ). Nefe became one of his first students and wrote his first comic operas under his guidance. One of his first major works was ten arias created for Hiller's opera "Der Dorfbarbier". As a result of this collaboration, Nefe became Hiller's protégé and succeeded him as musical director of the Abel Seylers theater company. Together with this opera company he attended performances in Dresden, Frankfurt, Mainz and Cologne.
In Leipzig, Nefe married the actress Susanna Zinck, who bore him three daughters, including Margaret, who later became the wife of the famous Romantic era actor Ludwig Devrient, and three sons, one of whom, Josef Hermann Neefe became a famous artist. Perhaps it was the large family that was the reason that Nefa always lacked money, and despite prestigious positions, he lived in poverty.
In 1779, Seiler's theater company, despite its remarkable achievements and successes in terms of art, went bankrupt, and in the same year Nefe received a position as composer and musical director of the ensemble of Gustav Friedrich Großmann and Karl Hellmuth at the National Theater (National Theatre) in Bonn.
In 1781, he succeeded the Bonn court organist Gilles van der Eeden, and, since the organist’s duties included training young musicians, he taught composition, organ and piano. Nephe's most famous student was Ludwig van Beethoven, whom Nefe assisted with some of his early compositions and was the first to publish some of his early work. In addition, he managed to organize a study trip for Beethoven to Vienna, which at that time was considered the center of European music. In Vienna, the most talented student Nefe forced Mozart himself to speak about himself with admiration, but was unable to study there - the young man returned home after learning that his mother was seriously ill and dying.
When French revolutionary troops under General Jean Etienne Vachier Championnet occupied the area around the Rhine in 1794, 46-year-old Nefe lost his job. For some time he tried to get a job in Bonn, but without success, and in 1796 he moved to Dessau, where he again became the musical director of a theater troupe, a post he held for the rest of his life.
Christian Gottlob Nefe died on January 28, 1798, at the age of 50. He left behind numerous piano works, choral and chamber music, as well as several operas. He is considered one of the best German Singspiel composers of his time.
05 February 1748 - 26 January 1798
German composer, conductor, organist and esthetician
Biography
Nefe was born on February 5, 1748 in Chemnitz. He studied music in Leipzig under the guidance of I. A. Hiller. There he studied law in 1769-1771. From 1776 he was the conductor of the Seiler opera troupe, and together with the troupe he made trips to a number of German cities. He was also a conductor of theater troupes in Saxony, the Rhine-Main region, the Electoral National Theater of Bonn and, around 1780, in the Grossmann troupe in Bonn. However, work everywhere did not bring him much money, and he had to live in poverty.
In 1796, Nefe settled in Dessau, where he became the musical director of a theater company. Here his financial condition improved slightly. In Bonn, Nefe was Ludwig van Beethoven's teacher (taught piano, organ and composition). Nefe appreciated Beethoven's talent and played an important role in his further musical development. He was the first to write about Beethoven (1783).
Nefe died in 1798 in Dessau. Soon after his death, F. Rochlitz published his autobiography (Leipzig, 1798-1799).
Creation
Nefe actively defended the ideas of enlightenment. Of Nefe's works, the most famous are the Singspiels, including "The Pharmacy" (Berlin, 1771), "The Paradise of the Amur" (Königsberg, 1772), etc. He composed operas (for example, "Adelheid von Veltheim", Frankfurt am Main, 1780) , operettas, vocal works (Klopstock's odes with melodies, 1776; "Guide for lovers of singing and piano", 1780), pieces for piano.
Nefa also owns the monodrama “Sofonisba” (Leipzig, 1782), a concert for piano and orchestra (1782), a fantasy for cymbal (1797), 6 piano sonatas with violin accompaniment (1776), etc.
Translated opera librettos from French and Italian into German. Nefe wrote keyboard transcriptions of opera scores
Nefe K. G.
(Neefe) Christian Gottlob (5 II 1748, Chemnitz, now Karl-Marx-Stadt - 26 I 1798, Dessau) - German. composer, conductor, organist and musician. writer. Studied law in Leipzig (1769-71). Music education received at hand. composer and theorist I. A. Hiller. In 1776-84 and 1789-94 he worked as music director of the theater. troupes in Saxony, the Rhine-Main region, in the Bonn Electoral National. t-re (performing the duties of a composer, conductor, director, accompanist on the cymbal). Theater. The troupes were short-lived and disintegrated, H. was forced to live in constant need and search for work, only the position of music director of the theater. troupe in Dessau (1796) improved his financial situation. Served from 1780 in Bonn (principal organist and cymbal player); here he taught L. Beethoven to play the piano, organ, and composition. N. was the first to appreciate Beethoven's talent and help him in its development; N. wrote the first published notes about Beethoven (1783). Author of singspiels, operas and operettas, plays for piano, vocals. prod., trans. On him. language opera librettos (from French and Italian), keyboard arrangements. scores of operas by W. A. Mozart. In music Of greatest interest to N.'s legacy are his singspiels, which were successfully performed during the composer's lifetime, including "The Pharmacy" ("Die Apotheke", Berlin, 1771), "Amors Guckkasten", Königsberg, 1772), and the opera "Adelheid von Veltheim" (Frankfurt am Main, 1780), monodrama "Sofonisba" (Leipzig, 1782). N. also owns a number of op. for orchestra, vok. productions, including Klopstock's odes with melodies (1776), "Guide for lovers of singing and piano" ("Vademecum für Liebhaber des Gesangs und Klaviers", 1780), numerous. songs, instruments Op. (including 6 fp. sonatas with violin accompaniment - 1776), concert for fp. with orchestra (1782), fantasy for cymbal (1797), etc. He defended the ideas of the Enlightenment. He wrote an autobiography, published shortly after his death by F. Rochlitz (“Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung”, I, Lpz., 1798-99), then published in the book: Einstein A., “Lebenslüfe deutscher Musiker”, Bd 2, Lpz., 1915; "Beiträge zur rheinischen Musikgeschichte", Bd 21, Köln, 1957.
Literature: Leux I., Chr. G. Neefe, Lpz., 1925; Schieldermair L., Der Junge Beethoven, Bonn, 1951; Friedländer M., Das deutsche Lied im 18. Jahrhundert, Bd 1-2, Stuttg., 1902. O. T. Leontyeva.
Musical encyclopedia. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, Soviet composer. Ed. Yu. V. Keldysh. 1973-1982 .
See what "Nefe K.G" is in other dictionaries:
Own, see Methodius... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Vasmer
Nefe K. G.- NÉFE (Neefe) Christian Gottlob (17491798), German. composer, organist, bandmaster. From 1780 court musician in Bonn. Operas, singspiels (including Pharmacy, 1771, Rayok Amur, 1772), orchestra, chamber instruments, voc. (Odes by Klopstock with melodies, ... ... Biographical Dictionary
Christian Gottlob Nefe Basic information ... Wikipedia
- (17491798), German composer, organist, bandmaster. From 1780 court musician in Bonn. Operas, singingspiels (including “Pharmacy”, 1771, “Amur River”, 1772), orchestral, chamber instrumental, vocal (“Klopstock’s Odes with Melodies”, ... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary
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- (Beethoven) Ludwig van (16 XII (?), baptized 17 XII 1770, Bonn 26 III 1827, Vienna) German. composer, pianist and conductor. The son of a singer and the grandson of the bandmaster of the Bonn Pridv. chapel, B. became involved in music at an early age. Music activities (game... ... Music Encyclopedia
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Books
- Palatine Chapel. Nave mosaics. Palermo. Album, Anna Zakharova. The construction and decoration of the Palatine Chapel in the palace of the Norman kings in Palermo was begun under Roger II (1130-1154) and completed under his son William I (1154-1166). This monument is…
To the question People, please tell me the biography of L. Beethoven asked by the author Throw the best answer is link
Answer from Denis Tolmachev[newbie]
BEETHOVEN Ludwig van (baptized December 17, 1770, Bonn - March 26, 1827, Vienna), German composer, representative of the Viennese classical school. He created a heroic-dramatic type of symphony (3rd “Heroic”, 1804, 5th, 1808, 9th, 1823, symphonies; opera “Fidelio”, final version 1814; overtures “Coriolanus”, 1807, “Egmont”, 1810; a number of instrumental ensembles, sonatas, concerts). Complete deafness, which befell Beethoven in the middle of his creative journey, did not break his will. Later works are distinguished by their philosophical character. 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos; 16 string quartets and other ensembles; instrumental sonatas, including 32 for piano (among them the so-called “Pathetique”, 1798, “Lunar”, 1801, “Appassionata”, 1805), 10 for violin and piano; "Solemn Mass" (1823).
Early creativity
Beethoven's home
Beethoven received his initial musical education under the guidance of his father, a singer in the court chapel of the Elector of Cologne in Bonn. From 1780 he studied with the court organist K. G. Nefe. At the age of less than 12, Beethoven successfully replaced Nefe; At the same time, his first publication came out (12 variations for the clavier on the march of E. K. Dresler). In 1787, Beethoven visited W. A. Mozart in Vienna, who highly appreciated his art as an improvising pianist. Beethoven's first stay in the then musical capital of Europe was short-lived (after learning that his mother was dying, he returned to Bonn).
In 1789 he entered the Faculty of Philosophy at the University of Bonn, but did not study there for long. In 1792, Beethoven finally moved to Vienna, where he first improved his composition with J. Haydn (with whom he did not have a good relationship), then with I. B. Schenk, I. G. Albrechtsberger and A. Salieri. Until 1794 he enjoyed the financial support of the Elector, after which he found wealthy patrons among the Viennese aristocracy.
Beethoven soon became one of the most fashionable salon pianists in Vienna. Beethoven's public debut as a pianist took place in 1795. His first major publications dated the same year: three piano trios Op. 1 and three sonatas for piano op. 2. According to contemporaries, Beethoven’s playing combined a stormy temperament and virtuoso brilliance with a wealth of imagination and depth of feeling. It is not surprising that his most profound and original works from this period are for piano.
Sheet of the Pathetique Sonata
Before 1802, Beethoven created 20 piano sonatas, including the “Pathetique” (1798) and the so-called “Moonlight” (No. 2 of two “fantasy sonatas” op. 27, 1801). In a number of sonatas, Beethoven overcomes the classical three-part scheme by placing an additional part - a minuet or scherzo - between the slow movement and the finale, thereby making the sonata cycle similar to a symphonic cycle. Between 1795 and 1802, the first three piano concertos, the first two symphonies (1800 and 1802), 6 string quartets (Op. 18, 1800), eight sonatas for violin and piano (including “Spring Sonata” Op. 24, 1801), 2 sonatas for cello and piano op. 5 (1796), Septet for oboe, horn, bassoon and strings Op. 20 (1800), many other chamber ensemble works. Beethoven's only ballet, “The Works of Prometheus” (1801), dates back to the same period, one of the themes of which was subsequently used in the finale of the “Eroic Symphony” and in the monumental piano cycle of 15 variations with fugue (1806). From a young age, Beethoven amazed and delighted his contemporaries with the scale of his plans, the inexhaustible ingenuity of their implementation and the tireless desire for something new.
Heroic Beginning
Miniature
At the end of the 1790s. Beethoven began to develop deafness; no later than 1801, he realized that this disease was progressing and threatened with complete loss of hearing. In October 1802, while in the village of Heiligenstadt near Vienna, Beethoven sent his two brothers a document of extremely pessimistic content, known as the Heiligenstadt Testament. Soon, however, he managed to overcome the mental crisis and returned to creativity. New - so-called middle - period
Answer from Irina Pravdina[guru]
Ludwig van Beethoven was born in December 1770 in the city of Bonn into the family of a musician. His father was a singer in the court chapel, and his grandfather served as bandmaster there. The grandfather of the future composer was from Holland, hence the prefix “van” before Beethoven’s surname. Ludwig's father was a gifted musician, but a frivolous person and also a drinker. He wanted to make his son a second Mozart and began teaching him how to play the harpsichord and violin. However, he soon cooled down to his studies and entrusted the boy to his friends. One taught Ludwig to play the organ, the other taught him to play the violin and flute.
In 1780, organist and composer Christian Gottlieb Nefe arrived in Bonn. He became Beethoven's real teacher. Nefe immediately realized that the boy had talent. He introduced Ludwig to Bach's Well-Tempered Clavier and the works of Handel, as well as the music of his older contemporaries: F. E. Bach, Haydn and Mozart. Thanks to Nefa, Beethoven's first work, Variations on a Theme of Dressler's March, was published. Beethoven was twelve years old at that time, and he was already working as an assistant to the court organist.
After the death of the grandfather, the family’s financial situation worsened, the father drank and brought almost no money home. Ludwig had to leave school early, but he wanted to supplement his education: he learned Latin, studied Italian and French, and read a lot. Having already become an adult, the composer admitted in one of his letters: “There is no composition that would be too learned for me; Without pretending in the slightest degree to be learned in the proper sense of the word, I still, from childhood, strove to understand the essence of the best and wisest people of each era.”
Among Beethoven's favorite writers are the ancient Greek authors Homer and Plutarch, the English playwright Shakespeare, and the German poets Goethe and Schiller.
At this time, Beethoven began to compose music, but was in no hurry to publish his works. Much of what he wrote in Bonn was subsequently revised by him. Two children's sonatas and several songs are known from the composer's youthful works, including "The Groundhog".
In 1787 Beethoven visited Vienna. After listening to Beethoven’s improvisation, Mozart exclaimed: “He will make everyone talk about himself!”, but the classes never took place: Beethoven learned about his mother’s illness and returned to Bonn. His mother died on July 17, 1787. The seventeen-year-old boy was forced to become the head of the family and take care of his younger brothers. He joined the orchestra as a violist. Italian, French and German operas are staged here. The operas of Gluck and Mozart make a particularly strong impression on the young man.
In 1789, Beethoven, wanting to continue his education, began attending lectures at the university. Just at this time, news of the revolution in France arrives in Bonn. One of the university professors publishes a collection of poems glorifying the revolution. Beethoven subscribes to it. Then he composes “The Song of a Free Man,” which contains the words: “He is free for whom the advantages of birth and title mean nothing.”
Haydn stopped in Bonn on his way from England. He spoke approvingly of Beethoven's compositional experiments. The young man decides to go to Vienna to take lessons from the famous composer, because after returning from England, Haydn becomes even more famous. In the autumn of 1792, Beethoven left Bonn.