Titanic all the facts. Real stories of Titanic passengers (51 photos)
To point 13.
Let me clarify: both the RMS Olympic and subsequent ships of the Titanic and Britannic series - transatlantic liners of the White Star Line had a unique design for their time: they could remain afloat if any 2 of the 16 waterproof compartments were flooded , any 3 of the first 5 compartments, or all 4 bow compartments in a row, starting from the forepeak.
Unfortunately, no one imagined that the water will flow into six bow compartments at once and as the trim on the bow increases, it will begin to overflow through the watertight bulkheads, because usually the aforesaid ones do not reach the quarters of the masts and consistent flooding of the compartments will begin. It was not a warship...
To point 12.
And, for example: "Hans Hedtoft", January 7, 1959? SOS - January 7, 1959, around 02:00: "Encountered an iceberg. Position 59.5 north - 43.0 west." 02 "The engine room is flooded with water." 03 "We took a lot of water into the engine room." Approximately 05 "We are drowning and need immediate assistance." That's all... No one was rescued, no bodies or debris were found. 55 passengers and 39 crew members were killed.
For reference: "Hans Hedtoft": Danish cargo-passenger ship with a displacement of 3000 tons, second voyage on the line Greenland - continental ports. It was designed for navigation in ice (double the thickness of the sides in the ice belt, double bottom, 7 waterproof compartments, special reinforcement at the bow and stern ends).
To point 9.
According to the investigation, 37.5 seconds passed between the call from lookout Frederick Fleet (10/15/1887 - 01/10/1965) and the moment the iceberg touched down. During this time, the airliner traveled 1,316 feet and deviated from course by 23 degrees (109 feet/33.22 meters to the left of the original trajectory).
By the way. Frederick Fleet was found hanged on January 10, 1965, in his Norman Street garden. The coroner's report indicated that he was mentally confused, but acquaintances believed that it was all due to his depressed state, which began after the death of his wife, and was partly caused by the fact that Fleet never got rid of the feeling of guilt for the deaths of passengers. He was buried without any honors in a pauper's grave in Hollybrook Cemetery, Southampton. There was not even a tombstone on his grave, and only in 1993 the Titanic Historical Society Inc. Using money from private donations, a memorial plaque with an engraving depicting the Titanic was installed. Another victim of the disaster, isn't it?
To point 8.
There was no "mirage". There was a “black” iceberg: when it turns over, the part that was previously in the water does not differ in color from the water. Especially on a moonless night. There was no rough sea at all, so there was no white strip of foam at the “waterline” of the iceberg either. And the lookouts didn’t have binoculars - historical fact. They just didn't see him...
To point 3.
Incorrect photo. It should have been signed like this: “The boats of the Titanic. In total, thirteen of them were found. And here they are at the 13th pier in New York, where this magnificent liner was supposed to arrive.”
...
This is a bit of a hobby of mine, in any case, I have assembled a normal library at different languages and am familiar with the documents of the official investigation. To begin with, I recommend: www.titanicinquiry.org - complete breakdowns of investigations in the States and Britain ( English language).
Therefore, let me make a value judgment that the Titanic was destroyed by the command “Stop the car - full reverse” (movement of McMaster Murdoch’s hand), which could not be carried out.
Alas, it only took more than 15 minutes to completely reverse the machines “from full forward to full reverse” (an investigative experiment at the Olympic and I won’t describe the features of steam engines) - while the airliner went through about 2 miles - about 3.7 km. In addition, it is necessary to take into account the features of the rudder group. Three propellers, one rudder blade. The right and left propellers were driven by steam engines (reversible), the middle one - by a turbine (non-reversible). After the command "stop" "The airliner actually lost control and, instead of circulating (in a circle with a diameter of 3850 feet), began to move in a spiral with an increasing radius tending to infinity. At the same time, if the command “Full speed ahead, full steam forward” had been given, then the on the turn course of 23 degrees, he would have been 8 seconds earlier and by the time of "37.5" he would have gone 92.6 meters to the left. True, there were nuances, like the rolling of the stern, usually solved by the "coordinate" maneuver (Vicki?), but that's a completely different story...
Meanwhile. It has been documented that closer to midnight on April 14, 1912, there were only two oilers at the control post of the Titanic’s engines (according to the table of ranks, they were at the level of ordinary stokers, only those were trained to use a shovel, and these were trained to use an oil can). This is not surprising - after all, the previous command from the bridge was received more than three days ago...
Sorry, it was long, but I haven’t said everything yet...
We have all heard about the terrible tragedy - the sinking of a huge steamship called the Titanic. However, not everyone is familiar with these facts about the Titanic.
After the Titanic was holed by a collision with an iceberg and began to sink, chaos reigned on the ship for almost three hours.
Perhaps the most terrible part of the tragedy is the slow destruction.
The Titanic musicians played for more than two hours. They wanted to do everything possible to reassure passengers as they boarded the lifeboats. One of the surviving second class passengers spoke about the musicians' decision. This heroic deed- play while the ship is sinking.
That early morning of April 15, 1912, four days after setting sail, 1,500 people died just 400 miles from shore. Among them were musicians. This is one of the most famous tragedies of the last century. But what do we really know about this?
Check out 10 facts about the sinking of the Titanic that few people knew about.
1. Titanic received 6 warnings about a possible collision with ice
The Titanic could have stayed afloat if it had hit an iceberg head-on. The partitions on the ship were very strong.
But, as we all know, the ship received a hole in the underwater part.
4. Presumably, 3 dogs were able to get onto the lifeboats
Two Spitz and one Pekingese survived the sinking of the Titanic. It is believed that they escaped due to their small size.
There were a total of 12 dogs on the ship that belonged to first class passengers, but three small dogs were the only ones that survived.
5. The last SOS signal was sent with incorrect coordinates
While the latitude was reported correctly, the longitude was off by 14 miles. Even if help had arrived on time, it would have arrived in the wrong place.
How and why were the incorrect coordinates given? There is still no clear answer to this question, which gives rise to various speculations.
6. No training was conducted on how to properly organize the boarding of passengers into lifeboats
Almost 105 years have passed since the most famous shipwreck of the 20th century - the sinking of the passenger liner Titanic, but it seems that this story will give us reasons for conversation, investigation and inspire the creation of new films and books for a long time!
But I wonder if James Cameron will ever agree to remake romantic story about Jack and Rose, knowing that it was not an iceberg that separated them, but a fire?
Yes, this is exactly the news brought by the new year 2017! British journalist Shanan Moloney, who has more than 30 years of experience in researching the Titanic shipwreck, confirmed the earlier version of experts that the cause of the death of the ship was a fire in the fuel storage! As indisputable evidence, Moloney cites the results of studying photographs taken by electrical engineers of the Titanic before it left the Harland and Wolfe shipyard in Belfast!
Construction of the Titanic
So, the journalist reports that the fuel in the three-story storage facility began to burn even before the ceremonial departure of the liner from Southampton in April 1912. And even more, a team of 12 people tried to put out the fire for several weeks, but, alas, to no avail. The owners of the ship were informed about what had happened, but they considered the cancellation of the first voyage of the “unsinkable” to be a greater disaster for their reputation than the possible consequences. The officers were ordered not to disclose this information to passengers, but before leaving, to turn the liner the other side towards the shore!
Ticket to the Titanic
According to Moloney's version, the hull of the ship at the site of the fire heated to more than 1000 degrees Celsius, and this made it 75% more fragile. And when, on the fifth day of the voyage, the Titanic collided with an iceberg, she could not withstand the load, and a huge hole appeared on board!
Rescue of Titanic Passengers
Let's be honest, blame the iceberg, how the only reason large-scale loss of life and sinking of the ship would be unfair. Where big role The negligent crime of the owners and the fire on the eve of departure played a role in the disaster.
Titanic at the bottom
It is known that out of 2229 crew members and passengers of the Titanic, only 713 people were saved. Today, the wreckage of the liner rests at a depth of 3,750 meters in the waters of the North Atlantic, and artifacts found by adventurers and researchers from time to time excite the memory and excitement of everyone who is not indifferent to this story.
Newspaper report about the sinking of the Titanic
But it turns out that not only the fire was an obvious reason not to set sail... When Shipbuilder magazine called the Titanic a “practically unsinkable ship,” its owners seized on this phrase and everyone possible ways began to demonstrate his greatness and reliability.
Staircase under the dome in 1st grade
First of all, they broke the tradition of the fleet and did not break a bottle of champagne on the side of the ship during the first voyage - the Titanic is unsinkable, which means that subsequent voyages will be just as successful!
And troubles did not take long to arrive - before sailing far from Southampton, the Titanic almost collided with the American liner New York. The first disaster was avoided almost at the last minute!
Two of the Titanic's three propellers
Everything is known about the luxury of the interior and service on the Titanic. the smallest details. But for just one first class ticket, in modern terms, passengers paid several tens of thousands of dollars! And it is not surprising that greedy divers dream of big jackpot- on the first (and last) voyage of the Titanic, 10 millionaires set off on a journey with gold and jewelry in safes worth hundreds of millions of dollars.
Smoking room 1st class
It is impressive that “special cabins” were intended for such important persons, made in eleven different interior styles - from the Dutch and Adam style to the interior in the style of the French and Italian Renaissance! I wonder how many hours did it take for the richest passengers of the ship to walk all 7 km of its promenade decks?
Bedroom 1st class (B-64)
But how boring it is to re-read for the hundredth time about 40 tons of potatoes, 27 thousand bottles mineral water and beer, 35 thousand eggs and 44 tons of meat, oysters from Baltimore and cheeses from Europe on board the Titanic. Is it a matter of finding out the most impressive facts!
Captain Smith on deck
It is sad to admit that the cost of a ticket on the liner determined the chances of salvation. It is known that out of 143 first class passengers, only 4 died. And only because they did not board the lifeboat.
One of them was Ida Strauss. The woman did not want to part with her husband Isidor Strauss, co-owner of the largest supermarket chain Macy's.
Ida and Isidore Strauss
“I will not leave my husband. We have always been together, we will die together."
Ida declared, giving up her place in lifeboat No. 8 to the maid and giving her a fur coat, adding that she no longer needed it...
Eyewitnesses claim that at the time of the death of the ship, the Strauss spouses were calm. They sat in chairs on the deck, holding each other with one hand and waving goodbye to the rescued with their free hand. By the way, the maid not only survived, but even outlived her owners by 40 years!
Orchestra musicians
The Titanic sank to the music. Before last minutes the orchestra stood on the deck and played the church hymn “Nearer, Lord, to Thee.” None of the musicians survived. Well, the body of the orchestra leader, 33-year-old violinist Wallace Hartley, was found 10 days later with a violin tied to his chest!
Thanks to the inscription on the instrument, it was established that the violin was given to the musician by his fiancée, Maria Robinson. Yes, the girl was found, but Maria still decided to say goodbye to the memorable instrument and handed it over to the British Salvation Army. In 2013, the violin was sold at auction for $1.5 million!
The icy waters of the Atlantic forever took with them the body of Captain Edward John Smith. A naval officer with 30 years of experience never completed his first transatlantic voyage, tragically sank to the bottom along with the entire crew without attempting to escape...
Captain Edward John Smith
Did you know that the last passenger of the Titanic, Elizabeth Gladys Milvina Dean, died just 8 years ago at the age of 97? At the time of the sad event, she was only 2 months and 13 days old.
The last passenger of the Titanic
But even Jack Dawson, played by our favorite Leonardo DiCaprio, a real man! And let director Cameron prove as much as he wants that this character is a figment of his imagination, on the Titanic there was actually a coal miner named Jack Dawson, who, however, was not in love according to the script with Rose, but with a friend’s sister.
But this is not all mysticism. Get ready for the most interesting thing - it is known that on April 15, 1972 (do you remember that the Titanic sank on the night of April 14-15?) the radio operator of the battleship Theodore Roosevelt received an SOS signal.
Signal from the Titanic, which was received by the passenger ship Carpathia
Not impressive yet? But he received a signal for help from the Titanic! Then the poor fellow thought that he had “moved with his mind” and hurried to the military archive, where he found that radiograms from the sunken ship had already been received in 1924, 1930, 1936 and 1942. But that's not all - last signal The Canadian ship Quebec was received from the Titanic in April 1996.
Unknown TitanicThe Titanic was a great ship brought to its knees by an iceberg. This is a ship that few people on Earth have not heard of - a tale from life, retold future generations so that we can learn a lesson from this incident. Don't set the bar too high or you may get hurt. Although we all know about the Titanic tragedy, there are many small amazing facts about the great ship, which not everyone knows about. And, as in other tragedies of mankind, the facts show not only the cynical side, but also the respect and compassion of people. Below are ten little-known and surprising facts about the Titanic...
1.The silent film star survived and profited from the tragedy
Dorothy Gibson was widely known in her time. The silent film star, along with Buster Keaton and Charlie Chaplin, was a first class passenger on the Titanic. She became popular for her comedic roles in Miss Pretender (1911) and Love Will Do (1912). But unlike the 1,502 people who died on the ship, Gibson survived and told her story. And she not only told, but also starred in her story in leading role. Filming for "Survivors of the Titanic" began just 5 days after the Titanic sank. It was an incredibly successful silent film and the first of many Titanic hits (though the film was destroyed in a fire in 1914). Gibson even wore the same clothes she was wearing on the ship at the time of the tragedy - a dress, sweater, gloves and black pumps.
Over time, the shadow of the 20th century, of course, covered Gibson. After a relatively short film career, she moved to Europe. Although she was initially a fascist supporter, by 1944 she had renounced the Third Reich. Her subsequent arrest by the Nazis and brief imprisonment in San Vittore led to her death two years later, at the age of 56, from a heart attack.
2.The captain of the ship is not used to steering ships
At the time of the Titanic's departure, Captain Edward John Smith had already spent 37 years on ships, and planned to retire after the end of the Titanic's voyage. He worked for the White Star Line for 28 years, but in truth, Smith was not best choice to manage the court. Most Smith spent his career operating sailing ships, and only occasionally had to deal with steamships. At the age of 62, the old sailor could no longer learn anything new, and his lack of experience became evident the moment he ordered the crew to save maximum speed in an area known for its icebergs... and we all know how that ended. To his credit, the captain did not abandon his ship, but his final hours on board remain a mystery. Many eyewitnesses say that the captain lost confidence in himself and was deeply shocked by the situation.
3.Women, children and... dogs are the first to be saved
It is well known that not only was there not enough on the Titanic lifeboats, to save all the passengers, but those lifeboats that were there were not full enough when they were launched (the first lifeboat in this case was used irrationally - there were only seven crew members and five passengers, a total of 12 people, although it should have accommodated about 40 people). However, a little known fact is that among the 713 survivors, there were also three dogs - two Pomeranians and one Pekingese. Twelve dogs were passengers on the ship, but only three of them were saved by lifeboats.
4.B nearby ships could have saved hundreds of passengers
While the Titanic was sinking, standard distress signals were sent out. But no one answered them until it was too late. Few people know that someone could respond to these signals. Namely, the captain of the ship Californian (SS Californian). The Californian was only 15-25 kilometers from the Titanic's wreck, but his crew did not respond to the mysterious lights in the night sky (which were flares launched from the Titanic). A member of the Californian crew woke up the captain, but he went back to sleep, citing the fact that the radio operator was already resting after his watch (the reason why distress signals were not heard on the ship).
Another ship, Samson, a 250 ton Norwegian schooner, was even closer to the wreck site - only 8-12 kilometers. However, some believe that Samson would not have responded to the signals, whatever they were, for a simple reason - they were engaged in illegal fishing. Both ships were closer than the Carpathia, the ship that later rescued Titanic survivors.
5.Conditions on the ship were far from luxurious
Even though they were surrounded by water, there was not enough water on the ship itself. Long before the days of high-pressure showers, people had to use good old-fashioned bathtubs. And although sharing a bath with others was something common in those days, third class passengers shared two baths - one for men, the other for women, for 700 people. Yes, you heard right. 700 people for two baths. It was not very easy to wait for our turn.
6. A true hero
Captain Second Rank Charles Herbert Lightoller was the most senior officer to survive the sinking of the Titanic. Lightoller took command of the capsized rescue boat, quelled panic and commanded the boat's thirty survivors, ensuring their safe passage aboard the rescue ship Carpathia. Lightoller was not only the hero of the Titanic. He served in the British naval forces during the First and Second World Wars and took part in the evacuation of Allied forces from Dunkirk.
On the other hand, Douglas Spedden was only 6 years old when his nanny took him from the Titanic to a rescue boat. Although the boy survived, he died just three years later. He was hit by a car in one of the first road accidents in Maine, USA.
7. "Please accept our condolences for the tragic death your son, here's the bill for you"
According to legend, all eight members of the Titanic's men's band died in the shipwreck while still playing their instruments. However, only three bodies of musicians were found, including John Hume Law. Just two weeks after tragic events, Lowe's father received a shocking bill from C.W. & F.N. Black, an employment service based in Liverpool, England, which hired the orchestra. The bill was for 5 shillings and 4 pence - the price of Lowe's son's uniform. By contrast, a month after the shipwreck, a concert was held in honor of the fallen musicians at the Apollo Club in Brooklyn, New York. The proceeds were transferred to the families of the victims.
8.The Titanic may be widely known now, but at that time few people knew about it.
Contrary to what we are shown in the films, White Star Line never claimed that the Titanic was “unsinkable.” In fact, apparently, no one cared before the Titanic's maiden voyage. Olympic, Titanic's twin brother, attracted much more attention when she sailed from Southampton to New York in 1911. In fact, there is not even footage of the Titanic leaving the shores of Great Britain, and when news outlets realized that they had no photographs to report on the tragedy, they had to use images of the Olympic and erase its name.
9.The Titanic was used by the Nazis as a PR stunt
Some thirty years after the sinking of the Titanic, the propaganda wing of the National Socialist German Workers' Party released the Nazi Titanic, created by none other than propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels. In a strange interpretation of the facts, the Nazi Titanic tells the story of a ship attempting to cross Atlantic Ocean in record time to boost White Star Line's share price. While in reality lookouts Fredrick Fleet and Reginald Lee, both Englishmen, spotted the iceberg, in the Nazi Titanic the man who could have saved the ship from disaster was, of course, a German officer whose warning was ignored.
Next, in real life J Bruce Ismay (English), chairman and managing director of the White Star Line, was condemned in the international press for taking one of the lifeboats for himself. In Goebbels's retelling, he was able to exaggerate even this, portraying Ismay as a Jewish businessman who forced the captain (a German, of course) to ram an iceberg and actually killed everyone on board (in James Cameron's 1997 film, Ismay did the same).
Ismay's story is one of the most distorted stories in all film versions of the event. The real Ismay was not such a selfish person as he was shown. A 1912 investigation by the British Chambers of Commerce, led by Lord Mersey, concluded that Ismay had actually helped other passengers before he rescued himself in the last lifeboat. This dislike for Ismay appears to be due to the fact that he was the highest-ranking White Star of the 713 survivors.
10.One key could save thousands of lives
What does the lookout need most? Not only good eyesight, but also good binoculars. And this is what forward lookouts Fredrick Fleet and Reginald Lee should have had. When second mate David Blair was kicked out of command a few days before the ship set sail, he forgot to give his more experienced replacement, Henry Wilde, senior officer of the Olympic, the key to the safe in which the binoculars.
To top it all off, when Fleet, a survivor of the shipwreck, gave his testimony at official investigation, he said that if the lookouts had binoculars, they would have noticed the iceberg much earlier and, most likely, would have been able to save the ship from tragedy.
1. 3 million rivets were used to build the Titanic, most of which were made by hand.
2. To launch the ship, it took 23 tons of fat, locomotive oil and liquid soap to lubricate the gangway guides.
3. The designers considered the liner unsinkable. The double bottom and 16 watertight bulkheads were know-how for that time. However, the designers did not know how penetrating an iceberg could be.
4. On the Titanic there was not such a simple thing as binoculars. The captain fired his second mate Blair, and in retaliation he stole the keys to the safe, where the binoculars for the lookouts were kept.
5. The shipwreck happened on April 14, 1912. The events have been recreated down to the smallest detail. Since the very morning, ten times the crews of other liners transmitted reports that icebergs were already nearby, but the Titanic ignored these warnings. The last report arrived on the Titanic 40 minutes before the collision. But the Titanic's radio operator did not even listen to the message and interrupted the connection.
6. There were many celebrities of that time on the liner. Among them, for example, was millionaire and feminist Margaret Brown. She was famous for knowing five languages and swearing in them like a shoemaker. After the collision with the iceberg, Margaret helped put people on the boats, but she was in no hurry to leave the ship. Finally, someone forcefully pushed her into a boat and sent her out to sea. Having reached another ship, the Carpathia, Margaret immediately began looking for blankets and food for the victims, compiling lists of survivors, and collecting money. By the time the Carpathia arrived in port, she had raised $10,000 for the survivors.
7. Another famous Titanic passenger, businessman Benjamin Guggenheim, put his companion in a lifeboat. He convinced her that they would see each other soon, although he understood that the situation was hopeless. Together with the valet, he returned to the cabin and changed into a tailcoat, and then sat down at a table in the central hall and began to drink whiskey. When someone suggested that they still try to escape, Guggenheim replied: “We are dressed in accordance with our position and are ready to die like gentlemen.”
8. An outstanding ticket to the Titanic's launching ceremony went under the hammer at a London auction for $56,300. A menu from the ship with a list of 40 dishes was sold in New York for $31,300. Another similar menu in London cost £76,000. The keys to the ship's room, which contained lanterns for the lifeboats, were also preserved and were sold for £59,000.
9. The liner sank to the music. The orchestra stood on the deck until the last minute and played the church hymn “Closer, Lord, to Thee.”
10. Russian deep-sea submersibles "Mir" in 1991 and 1995 dived to the ship, which is now at a depth of 3.8 kilometers. Then the devices shot a video that was included in the notorious James Cameron film. This year, in honor of the centenary of the sinking of the liner, our submariners again promised to dive to the Titanic.
11. UNESCO waited a hundred years to declare the wreck of the Titanic a site. cultural heritage. For such cases they have a special convention. Now UNESCO will ensure that items from the Titanic do not go to uncultured divers.
12. Released in honor of the centenary, the film Titanic 3D has already collected an impressive amount of $17.4 million in the United States. James Cameron's 1997 Titanic was a phenomenal success and the box office was huge at that time: $1.8 billion. This record was broken only 12 years later by the film Avatar.
13. The ill-fated black iceberg, or rather its photograph, was found 90 years after the sinking of the Titanic. A few days after the tragedy, a certain Stefan Regorek from Bohemia sailed past the disaster site on another liner and photographed the iceberg. After a thorough examination, it was proven that the dents on the iceberg could well have been made by a ship. So the ice block was also damaged.
14. Jack Dawson, the hero of the very film that brought Cameron fame and fortune, - real character. True, Cameron later assured that he took the name out of thin air and that it was a coincidence. However, the real Jack Dawson was a coal miner on the Titanic. True, he was in love not with green-eyed Kate Winslet (she had not yet been born), but with the sister of his friend, who persuaded him to become a sailor. In the end, everyone died, of course.
15. Legends are still told about the Titanic. For example, lovers of mysticism point out that in 1898 the writer Morgan Robertson wrote the novel “Vanity” - about a huge transatlantic liner and its smug passengers. A lot of things coincide in the story: the name of the ship is “Titan” and even the collision with an iceberg on a cold April night.
16. Another legend says that once every six years radio operators catch a ghost SOS signal from the Titanic on the air. This was first stated by the crew of the battleship Theodore Roosevelt in 1972. The radio operator delved into the archives and found notes from his colleagues that they too had received strange radio messages allegedly from the Titanic: in 1924, 1930, 1936 and 1942. In April 1996, the Canadian ship Quebec received an SOS signal from the Titanic.
17. Although official version says that the Titanic sank an iceberg, but not everyone believes it. For example, some claimed that the Titanic was sunk by a German torpedo fired by employees of the company that built the liner to collect insurance. However, this sounds unconvincing, considering how many company employees died on April 14, 1912.
18. The Titanic was not the only large liner of the White Star Line. The Olympic ship began construction at the same time as the Titanic. In 1911, when embarking on its 11th voyage, the Olympic collided with the English cruiser Hawk. The latter miraculously remained afloat, while the Olympic escaped with minor damage.
19. Younger brother The Titanic, the Britannic, was supposed to be named Gigantic, but after the sinking of the first liner, the builders decided to moderate their ambitions. Britannic was the most comfortable of the three ships: it had two hair salons, a children's game room, gymnasium for second class passengers. Unfortunately, passengers did not have time to appreciate the advantages of the new liner. After the outbreak of war, she was converted into a hospital ship and soon hit a mine near Greece. True, most of the people on board were saved.
20. The last of the Titanic passengers died in 2009 at the age of 97. At the time of the shipwreck she was 2.5 months old.