What are the disadvantages of the new government noted by Professor Preobrazhensky. Description of the characters “Heart of a Dog”
Starting my thoughts about Professor Preobrazhensky, the hero of the work “ dog's heart", I would like to dwell a little on some facts of the biography of the author - Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov (05/15/1891 Kyiv - 03/10/1940, Moscow), Russian writer, theater playwright and director. All this is in order to draw some parallels that will largely unite the author and his imaginary hero.
A little about the author's biography
Bulgakov was born into the family of an associate professor at the Kyiv Theological Academy, but he himself soon became a student at the medical faculty of Kyiv University. During World War I he worked as a front-line doctor. In the spring of 1918, he returned to Kyiv, where he practiced as a private venereologist. IN civil war 1919 Bulgakov - military doctor of the Ukrainian military army, then the Armed Forces of southern Russia, the Red Cross, the Volunteer Army, etc. Having fallen ill with typhoid in 1920, he was treated in Vladikavkaz, and after that his writing talent awoke. He will write to his cousin that he has finally understood: his job is to write.
Prototype of Professor Preobrazhensky
You can really compare Bulgakov with the prototype of the main character; they have too much in common. However, it is generally accepted that Preobrazhensky (the professor) as an image was copied from his uncle Mikhail Afanasyevich, a famous Moscow doctor, gynecologist
In 1926, the OGPU conducted a search of the writer, and as a result, the manuscripts of “The Heart of a Dog” and the diary were confiscated.
This story was dangerous for the writer because it became a satire on the Soviet regime of the 20-30s. The newly created class of the proletariat is represented here by heroes like the Shvonders and Sharikovs, who are absolutely far from the values of the destroyed tsarist Russia.
They are all opposed to Professor Preobrazhensky, whose quotes deserve special attention. This surgeon and scientist, who is a luminary Russian science, appears for the first time at the moment when in the story the dog, the future Sharikov, dies in a city gateway - hungry and cold, with a burnt side. The professor appears at the most painful hours for the dog. The dog’s thoughts “voice” Preobrazhensky as a cultured gentleman, with an intelligent beard and mustache, like those of French knights.
Experiment
Professor Preobrazhensky's main business is to treat people, to look for new ways to achieve longevity and effective means of rejuvenation. Of course, like any scientist, he could not live without experiments. He picks up the dog, and at the same time a plan is born in the doctor’s head: he decides to perform an operation to transplant the pituitary gland. He does this experiment on a dog in the hope of finding effective method to gain a “second youth”. However, the consequences of the operation were unexpected.
Over the course of several weeks, the dog, which was given the nickname Sharik, becomes a human and receives documents bearing the name Sharikov. Professor Preobrazhensky and his assistant Bormenthal are trying to instill in him worthy and noble human manners. However, their “education” does not bring any visible results.
Transformation into a human
Preobrazhensky expresses his opinion to assistant Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental: it is necessary to understand the horror that Sharikov no longer has a dog’s heart, but a human one, and “the lousiest of all those existing in nature.”
Bulgakov created a parody of the socialist revolution, described the clash of two classes, in which Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky is a professor and intellectual, and the working class is Sharikov and others like him.
The professor, like a real nobleman, accustomed to luxury, living in a 7-room apartment and every day eating various delicacies such as salmon, eels, turkey, roast beef, and washing it all down with cognac, vodka and wine, suddenly found himself in an unexpected situation. The unbridled and arrogant Sharikovs and Shvonders burst into his calm and proportionate aristocratic life.
House Committee
Shvonder is a separate example of the proletarian class; he and his company form the house committee in the house where Preobrazhensky, an experimental professor, lives. They, however, seriously began to fight him. But he is also not so simple, Professor Preobrazhensky’s monologue about the devastation in people’s heads suggests that the proletariat and its interests are simply hateful to him, and as long as he has the opportunity to devote himself to his favorite business (science), he will be indifferent to petty swindlers and swindlers like Shvondera.
But he enters into a serious struggle with his household member Sharikov. If Shvonder puts pressure purely outwardly, then you can’t so easily disown Sharikov, because it’s him - his product scientific activity and the creation of a failed experiment. Sharikov brings such chaos and destruction into his house that in two weeks the professor experienced more stress than in all his years.
Image
However, the image of Professor Preobrazhensky is very curious. No, he is by no means the embodiment of virtue. He, just like any person, has his shortcomings, he is a rather selfish, narcissistic, vain, but a living and real person. Preobrazhensky became the image of a real intellectual, alone fighting the devastation brought by the Sharikov generation. Isn't this fact worthy of sympathy, respect and sympathy?
Time for revolution
The story “Heart of a Dog” shows the reality of the 20s of the twentieth century. Dirty streets are described, where signs are hung everywhere promising a bright future for people. An even more depressing mood is caused by bad, cold stormy weather and the homeless image of a dog, which, like most Soviet people of a new country under construction, literally survives and is in constant search of warmth and food.
It is in this chaos that Preobrazhensky, one of the few intellectuals who survived a dangerous and difficult time, appears - an aristocratic professor. The character Sharikov, still in his dog body, assessed him in his own way: that he “eats abundantly and does not steal, will not kick, and he himself is not afraid of anyone, because he is always full.”
Two sides
The image of Preobrazhensky is like a ray of light, like an island of stability, satiety and well-being in a terrible reality post-war years. He's actually nice. But many do not like a person who, in general, everything is going well, but for whom it is not enough to have seven rooms - he wants another one, an eighth, to make a library in it.
However, the house committee began an intensified struggle against the professor and wanted to take his apartment away from him. In the end, the proletarians did not manage to harm the professor, and therefore the reader could not help but rejoice at this fact.
But this is only one side of the coin of Preobrazhensky’s life, and if you delve deeper into the essence of the matter, you can see a not very attractive picture. The wealth that he has main character Bulgakov, Professor Preobrazhensky, it must be said, did not suddenly fall on his head and was not inherited from rich relatives. He made his wealth himself. And now he serves people who have received power into their hands, because now it is their time to enjoy all the benefits.
One of Preobrazhensky’s clients voices very interesting things: “No matter how much I steal, everything goes to female body, Abrau-Durso champagne and cancer necks." But the professor, despite all his high morality, intelligence and sensitivity, does not try to reason with his patient, re-educate him or express displeasure. He understands that he needs money to support his usual way of life without need: with all the necessary servants in the house, with a table filled with all sorts of dishes such as sausages not from Mosselprom or caviar spread on crispy fresh bread.
In the work, Professor Preobrazhensky uses a dog’s heart for his experiment. It's not because he loves animals that he picks exhausted dog, to feed or warm, but because in his head, as it seems to him, a brilliant, but monstrous plan for him had arisen. And further in the book this operation is described in detail, which only causes unpleasant emotions. As a result of the rejuvenation operation, the professor ends up with a “newborn” person in his hands. That’s why it’s not in vain that Bulgakov gives telling surname and the status of his hero - Preobrazhensky, a professor who implants the cerebellum of the recidivist thief Klimka into the dog that came to him. This has borne fruit, such side effects The professor didn't expect it.
Professor Preobrazhensky's phrases contain thoughts about education, which, in his opinion, could make Sharikov a more or less acceptable member social society. But Sharikov was not given a chance. Preobrazhensky had no children, and he did not know the basics of pedagogy. Perhaps that is why his experiment did not go in the right direction.
And few people pay attention to Sharikov’s words that he, like a poor animal, was grabbed, striped and now they are abhorring him, but he, by the way, did not give his permission for the operation and can sue. And, what is most interesting, no one notices the truth behind his words.
Teacher and educator
Preobrazhensky became the first literature teacher for Sharikov, although he understood that learning to speak does not mean becoming a full-fledged person. He wanted to make a highly developed personality out of the beast. After all, the professor himself in the book is a standard of education and high culture and a supporter of old, pre-revolutionary morals. He very clearly defined his position, speaking about the ensuing devastation and the inability of the proletariat to cope with it. The professor believes that people should first of all be taught the most basic culture; he is sure that using brute force, nothing can be achieved in the world. He realizes that he has created a being with dead soul, and finds the only way out: to do the opposite operation, since his educational methods did not work on Sharikov, because in a conversation with the maid Zina he noted: “You can’t fight anyone... You can influence a person and an animal only by suggestion.”
But the skills of demagoguery, as it turns out, are learned much easier and faster than the skills of creative activity. And Shvonder succeeds in raising Sharikov. He does not teach him grammar and mathematics, but begins immediately with the correspondence between Engels and Kautsky, as a result of which Sharikov, with his low level of development, despite the complexity of the topic, from which his “head was swollen,” came to the conclusion: “Take everything and share!” This idea of social justice was understood best of all by the people's power and the newly minted citizen Sharikov.
Professor Preobrazhensky: “Devastation in our heads”
It should be noted that “Heart of a Dog” shows from all sides the absurdity and madness of the new structure of society that arose after 1917. Professor Preobrazhensky understood this well. The character's quotes about the devastation in their heads are unique. He says that if a doctor, instead of performing operations, starts singing in chorus, he will be ruined. If he begins to urinate past the toilet, and all his servants do this, then devastation will begin in the restroom. Consequently, the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads.
Famous quotes by Professor Preobrazhensky
In general, the book “Heart of a Dog” is a real quotation book. The professor’s main and vivid expressions were described in the text above, but there are several more that also deserve the reader’s attention and for different thoughts will be interesting.
“He who is not in a hurry succeeds everywhere.”
- “Why was the carpet removed from the main staircase? What, Karl Marx forbids carpets on stairs?”
- “Humanity itself takes care of this and, in an evolutionary order, every year persistently creates dozens of outstanding geniuses from the mass of all kinds of scum that adorn the globe.”
- “What is this destruction of yours? An old woman with a stick? A witch who knocked out all the windows and put out all the lamps?”
The hero of the story “Heart of a Dog” is professor of medicine Philip Filippovich Preobrazhensky. He deals with the then fashionable problem of human rejuvenation. We must pay tribute to the scientist’s talent. He is known for his works abroad. Hard worker: accepts patients, and then, in the evening, studies medical literature. The professor is no stranger to small earthly joys: he loves to eat deliciously, shine in respected society in expensive clothes, chat with his assistant Bormenthal on various slippery topics. In a word, a typical intellectual to whom the Soviet government had not yet managed to completely cut off, as they say, oxygen. However, the Bolsheviks are quite happy with such a scientist: he is not involved in politics.
The main events unfold after the appearance of the mongrel Sharik in the professor’s house. His character amazingly is consonant with “homo sovieticus”: the dog is ready to do anything for a piece of sausage, he has a quarrelsome and aggressive character. Passing by the doorman, Sharik thinks: “I wish I could pinch his proletarian calloused foot.” And he looks at the stuffed owl with the following feelings: “And this owl is rubbish. Impudent. We will explain it."
The professor, passionate about science, does not notice what kind of monster he brought into the house. As an experiment, he transplants human seminal glands into Sharik, dreaming of benefiting humanity. Before the eyes of the amazed scientist, the dog gradually turns into a man.
Sharik, or already Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov, quickly finds in human society your social niche. Everything is happening as in the Soviet state: the lower classes, having seized power, begin to crowd out everything that previously occupied this social living space. As a result, his “parent” Preobrazhensky himself almost ends up on the street, and only his old connections save him from Sharikov’s lawlessness.
Bulgakov shows psychological type a Russian scientist who had not yet encountered all the “delights” of the Bolshevik regime. They also stroked his fur. But he, carried away by his developments, did not notice that he himself had created such a representative of harsh power.
The ball literally snatches the scientist from the light. Behind the ridiculousness of the plot lies the deep tragedy of the Russian scientific intelligentsia, which in those years unwittingly helped the Bolsheviks strengthen their position. The Sharikovs gradually advanced to all the highest echelons of power and began not only to poison fate normal people, but also to solve it. They began to define and foreign policy countries.
Professor in late repentance complains about his mistake: “I cared about something completely different, about eugenics, about improving the human race. And then I ran into rejuvenation.” Realizing his fatal mistake, the professor becomes a participant in the crime: on the advice of Bormental, they decide to get rid of Sharikov and free humanity from this nightmare.
The professor decides to perform another operation and returns Sharikov to his previous state.
The ending of the story, however, is not happy, because outside the walls of the professor’s house, where the dog Sharik is sleeping peacefully, there are many people infected with Sharikov’s microbe, and they will still do many bitter things in the country.
- New!
Mikhail Bulgakov's story “The Heart of a Dog” can be called prophetic. In it, the author, long before our society abandoned the ideas of the 1917 revolution, showed the dire consequences of human intervention in the natural course of development, be it nature or society....
It seems to me that the title of the story “Heart of a Dog” has a double meaning. The story could have been named so in honor of the experiment itself carried out by Professor Preobrazhensky, he transplanted a human heart into the body of a dog, which will be discussed later...
M. A. Bulgakov came to literature already during the years of Soviet power. He was not an emigrant and experienced first-hand all the difficulties and contradictions of Soviet reality in the 1930s. His childhood and youth were connected with Kiev, and the subsequent years of his life with Moscow. To Moscow...
In the story The Heart of a Dog, M. A. Bulgakov not only describes the unnatural experiment of Professor Preobrazhensky. The writer shows new type a person who arose not in the laboratory of a talented scientist, but in a new, Soviet reality...
IN Lately The question of the responsibility of each person for the results of his work arises very acutely. Labor itself in a broad sense words. Numerous irresponsible experiments on nature have led to environmental disaster. The results of ill-considered...
The best works of M. A. Bulgakov became known to the reading public only many years after his death. Soviet totalitarian regime imposed an actual ban on the publication of the writer’s works, in which he satirically depicted how socialist reality, and those who tried to change their lives in a violent, “revolutionary” way.
One of the most famous works Bulgakov's story "Heart of a Dog".
Bulgakov was largely prompted to create it by both H. Wells’ novel “The Island of Doctor Moreau” and real scientific experiments on the rejuvenation of people carried out at that time.
Professor Preobrazhensky, unlike Wells’s hero, is distinguished by common sense and worldly wisdom (“terror completely paralyzes nervous system"; “the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads”; "...don't read before lunch Soviet newspapers"). Scientific intuition and common sense betray him when he tries to transplant a human pituitary gland into a street mongrel. The scientist could not have imagined that this person would be the lumpen-proletarian Klim Chugunkin.
The professor lives as he sees fit, as he deserves with his intelligence, hard work and talent. His behavior is free, as if there was no revolution at all.
He alone occupies seven rooms, lives in grand style - he gourmets, consuming all kinds of delicacies, drinks exclusively forty-degree vodka, and not thirty-degree consumer goods, goes to the opera and publicly declares that he does not love the proletariat.
“You speak counter-revolutionary speeches,” Bormenthal remarks jokingly. But there is nothing counter-revolutionary in the professor’s behavior; he does not at all desire a return to the old order. He just needs order, and not necessarily the old one. Just like the proletariat, he also has a negative attitude towards the landowners: “...only landowners who were not killed by the Bolsheviks eat cold appetizers and soup. A more or less self-respecting person handles hot snacks.”
Preobrazhensky, as an intelligent, thinking person, is disgusted by any “herdness”, any manifestation of intellectual dependence. He is in in the best sense this word is an individualist who not only “gets the job done,” but also takes responsibility for his own little world (this includes Dr. Bormental, the cook Daria, and Zinaida, and even the stray dog Sharik).
The image of Professor Preobrazhensky reflected Bulgakov’s idea that a person has the right to a personal, private life. Moreover, this private life must stand above public life. It is on this that everyone’s responsibility for what happens in the world is based. If there is no private life, and in addition there is no private property, then, according to Bulgakov, all responsibility for what is happening in society disappears. Everything is replaced by “collective responsibility”, in other words - mass irresponsibility.
The professor in his objections Soviet power does not indulge in abstract philosophizing, all discussions about the “bright future” and the “class struggle” are absolutely alien to him. He is a practitioner and understands well that it is practical, professional and responsible people who create all the good in the world, that progress moves thanks to them, and not various kinds"singers."
Bulgakov's entire work is built on oppositions and contrasts. The life of Professor Preobrazhensky, his beliefs are opposed to the lifestyle imposed by the “tenants”. The professor lives private life, which in itself does not fit into the new ideology of the “victorious masses” and represents, if not a counter-revolution, then at least a challenge to society. Preobrazhensky and his “comrades” seem to be speaking in different languages. For representatives of the house committee, the abstract ideas of “social justice” and “world brotherhood” are in the foreground.
Work, a favorite thing that a person does well, is the only way he can be useful to other people. Philip Philipovich is firmly convinced of this. Then there will be no “devastation,” because “the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads.” However, most “new” people don’t have any business of their own, they don’t know anything, they don’t know how, and they don’t want to know or be able to. The Bolshevik revolutionaries do nothing but do something that is not their job: they lead without knowing how to lead, they destroy what they did not create, they redo and rebuild everything.
In the end, both Philip Philipovich and Dr. Bormental understand their mistake - it is impossible to make a human out of a non-human. Only Klim Chugunkin could emerge from Klim Chugunkin, a drunkard with three convictions who died in a pub from a stab in the heart.
The process of Sharikov’s degradation under the influence of Shvonder very quickly becomes irreversible, education does not help, nature and the environment in which the individual grew up and developed take their toll, he cannot be corrected. And only when the reverse transformation took place did life return to its normal course. The irresponsible experiment has come to its logical conclusion.
In his work “At the Feast of the Gods,” published in Kiev in 1918, the philosopher, theologian and publicist S. N. Bulgakov noted: “I confess to you that “comrades sometimes seem to me to be creatures completely devoid of spirit and possessing only lower mental abilities, a special kind of Darwin's apes - Homo socialisticus."
It was precisely about the danger of denying the spirit and ethical values that M. A. Bulgakov warned about the terrible consequences that ill-conceived experiments could lead to. Unfortunately, the writer turned out to be absolutely right in his prophecies.
It is better for an animal to remain an animal. This conclusion was reached by Professor Preobrazhensky, the doctor who gives youth to his patients in the story “The Heart of a Dog.” Philip Philipovich created Sharikov as a semblance of a human being, but the experiment was unsuccessful - the dog did not make an ideal member of society.
Story
The work pretty much ruined the life of the Russian prose writer. At the beginning of 1925, Mikhail Bulgakov began creating a new story under the working title “Dog Happiness. A monstrous story,” which was expected to be published in the Nedra magazine.
Three months later, the author put an end to the next literary work and presented it to my writing colleagues at the “Nikita Subbotniks” meeting. The Main Political Directorate immediately received a denunciation against Mikhail Afanasyevich for a “hostile thing, breathing contempt for the Soviet Union.”
It came down to it, and he finally killed the work. Moreover, they came to the writer with a search, seizing two copies of the manuscripts of “The Heart of a Dog.” In the 60s, the typewritten creation leaked into samizdat, and from there, carelessly copied, flew to the West. Legally, the story reached the Soviet reader only in 1987 through the magazine “Znamya”, but it was the same low-quality copy. Only at the height of perestroika was the original published.
The prototypes of the main character in Professor Preobrazhensky's story are still being debated. Whether there was such a person remains a mystery, but the prototypes are definitely M.A. Bulgakov used in his work. Researchers see similarities with the life of the hero in the life of gynecologist Nikolai Pokrovsky, the prose writer’s uncle. The furnishings of the book doctor's home were copied from his apartment.
Perhaps the writer also relied on the image of an academician: influential person of his time, he despised the Bolsheviks, survived a series of searches, but survived thanks to the patronage of Lenin.
Preobrazhensky’s biography was also based on elements of the activities of Sergei Voronov, an experimental surgeon who tried to transplant primate ovaries into women. And the famous gynecologist Vladimir Snegirev loved to sing when he was thinking about important matters, just like the professor from “The Heart of a Dog.”
And finally, the list of prototypes is completed by the family’s former personal physician, Dmitry Nikitin, exiled to Arkhangelsk, and physician Vasily Preobrazhensky, whose interests lay in the field of genetics and experimental physiology. In particular, he tried his hand at rejuvenation.
Whether there was actually one of these personalities in charge of creating the image of Philip Philipovich is no longer important. Bulgakov managed to mix the best minds era and show the reading public a symbol of humanity and high morality. True, Preobrazhensky did not make a teacher - no matter how hard he tried, Sharikov could not be molded into a full-fledged person.
Main plot
The plot of the story takes place in Moscow at the end of 1927. Professor Preobrazhensky, together with his assistant Dr. Bormenthal, in continuation of successful experiments on rejuvenation, decide to test their strength in transplanting human testes and a gland responsible for growth and development into an animal. The material was taken from the deceased alcoholic and parasite Klim Chugunkin, and the street dog Sharik acted as the experimental subject.
The dog began to turn into a man, having absorbed worst qualities his donor - a passion for alcoholic beverages, rudeness and rudeness. News of the successful experiment spread throughout the medical community, and the fruit of the amazing experiments became the star of medical lectures. Yesterday's dog, having fallen under the care of the chairman of the house committee, an activist communist party Shvonder, received documents in the name of Polygraph Poligrafovich Sharikov and completely escaped the hands of his creator.
Shvonder instilled in the consciousness of the half-man, half-dog the conviction that he was a representative of the proletariat, suffering from the oppression of the bourgeoisie, that is, the doctor and his assistant Bormental. Sharikov allows himself to be rude to them, gets drunk to the point of unconsciousness, pesters the servants and steals money. The last straw was the denunciation of Preobrazhensky, which miraculously did not reach the authorities. During the scandal, when the professor kicked his scientific brainchild out of the apartment, Sharikov threatened him with a revolver. The doctors' patience ran out, and the experimenters performed an operation with the opposite effect - Poligraf Poligrafovich again took the form of a dog.
Professor's image
Sharikov himself gives an exact description of the hero with a succinct phrase:
“There is no smell of the proletariat here.”
Professor Preobrazhensky is a representative of the intelligentsia, a symbol of outgoing Russian culture. This is what he says appearance and the lifestyle of a doctor. Philip Philipovich is dressed in a dark suit, wearing gold chain and a fox fur coat. In the spacious seven-room apartment, despite the changed times, there are still servants, whom the doctor treats with respect. The professor dines in an aristocratic manner - in the dining room, where the table is set with expensive dishes, and the assortment of dishes includes lightly salted salmon, caviar, cheese and even eel.
The author has created a charming personality. Preobrazhensky is very emotional, intelligent and has excellent logic; in disputes he behaves diplomatically and with restraint, and the aphorisms that his speech is rich in are quickly turned into idioms. Trying to characterize the characters in “Heart of a Dog” by phrases, people who are keen on socionics classify the professor as belonging to two sociotypes – extrovert and rational.
Preobrazhensky sincerely does not like the proletariat, condemns the new authorities for rudeness and violent methods, predicting the imminent decline of the country's economy. The changes, reflected in the little things, drive the professor crazy: house guests no longer take off their shoes in front of the stairs, not a month goes by without the electricity being cut off, and carpets and flowers have disappeared from the front door. Philip Philipovich believes that the proletariat is worthy only of cleaning barns, and not of leading the state.
In his famous monologue about devastation, the professor shares his opinion that the horror happening around is a consequence of the chaos in a person’s head:
“What is this destruction of yours? (...) Yes, it doesn’t exist at all. What do you mean by this word? This is this: if, instead of operating every evening, I start singing in chorus in my apartment, I will be in ruins. (...) Consequently, the devastation is not in the closets, but in the heads.”
The luminary of science aims to make the world better, but not through violence.
“You can only act by suggestion,” he says.
Preobrazhensky hopes to transform nature by transplanting human organs into animals in order to eliminate the imperfections of human nature. A fiasco in this direction makes it clear to the professor that scientific experiments on humans are immoral, and attempts to change the order of things are fraught with unpredictable consequences. As a result, the hero comes to the conclusion that everything in nature is logical and natural - from the “mass of all scum” the geniuses who adorn the world still stand out.
Quotes
“And, God forbid, don’t read Soviet newspapers before lunch.
- Hm... But there are no others.
“Don’t read any.”
“You know, a person without documents is strictly prohibited from existing.”
“Why was the carpet removed from the main staircase? M? What, Karl Marx forbids carpets on stairs?”
“And you, in the presence of two people with a university education, allow yourself to give advice of cosmic proportions and cosmic stupidity.”
“Never commit a crime, no matter who it is directed against. Live to old age with clean hands."
“Only landowners who were undercut by the Bolsheviks eat cold appetizers and soup. A more or less self-respecting person handles hot snacks.”
“I’m closing the apartment and leaving for Sochi! I can give the keys to Shvonder, let him operate. But only one condition - whatever, whatever, whenever, but it must be such a piece of paper that in the presence of which neither Shvonder nor anyone else could even come to the door of my apartment! The final paper! Actual! Real! Armor!"
Quotes from “Heart of a Dog” are so witty that the authors of memes did not ignore them. The Internet is full of photos of Professor Preobrazhensky from Soviet film 1988 with altered phrases. Let's highlight the funniest ones:
“Humanity will be saved by punitive psychiatry.”
“Did you read it on the Internet, sir? Yes, my friend, you have problems with your head.”
"I'm not trolling, I'm just defending myself."
- The first film based on Bulgakov's story was directed by Alberto Lattuada. The film, a co-production between Germany and Italy, was released in 1976. In the homeland of “Heart of a Dog,” the film adaptation was delayed due to the ban on the work.
- For, who brilliantly played the role of Preobrazhensky in the Russian film, work in “Heart of a Dog” became a salvation: the Moscow Art Theater actor was sent into retirement in the late 80s, and the director gave him a chance not to fall into depression.
- For the role of Sharikov, actors who looked like dogs were selected. The casting organizers saw similar traits in and. However, the director rejected these candidates. In the last stack of photos, the attention of the master of cinema was attracted by an unknown employee of the Almaty theater. At the audition, the man won the heart of the creator of the picture when he raised a glass of vodka with the words: “I wish that’s all!”
In his story, Bulgakov showed Philip Philipovich Preobrazhensky as a creator, a highly moral, highly developed and intelligent person.
The professor devoted his entire life to helping people find health. He developed, he did scientific discoveries, worked a lot. In the middle of his “career” he helped one student, he turned out to be the future Doctor Bormenthal. A friendship began between the men. Bormenthal owed everything to the professor, he thanked and “idolized” him.
Bulgakov also shows the character of the professor. The man was practically calm, very reasonable, and had an excellent sense of humor. He did not save, despite the difficult situation in the country, either on food or on living conditions. The professor earned a lot. Due to his merits in medicine, the man had immunity, however, he did not share political views with Shwodner. Often during a conversation with Bormenthal, the professor clearly conveyed his “harsh” point of view and argued every word he said.
The professor decided on the riskiest experiment. He believed that thanks to this “discovery” people would be able to regain their youth forever, and perhaps these were attempts to find a way to “ eternal life».
However, after the operation to transplant a heart into an animal, Philip Philipovich was in for serious disappointment. Sharikov, who appears instead of the dog, completely destroys all theories about “eternal life” and youth. In addition, Polygraph Poligrafovich, under the influence, makes the professor’s life almost unbearable.
In the apartment where the “medical luminary” lived, unpleasant situations began to occur. Philip Philipovich took it very hard. He is accustomed to a calm and measured lifestyle.
The man very much regretted that he still carried out this operation. He saw what terrible person was able to “resurrect”, but could not understand what to do next.
Having suffered a fair amount from “their creation,” the professor and Bormenthal decide to carry out another operation and return everything to its original place.
And again surgical intervention is obtained desired result. goes into oblivion, and his place is gradually taken by the dog Sharik.
Preobrazhensky will never want to argue with nature again. He and Dr. Bormenthal learned a big lesson.
No, the professor was not afraid that he would have to share living space with Sharikov, he was not afraid of the police, he was not afraid of losing his authority... He was deeply outraged by his behavior, lack of manners and lack of desire to study. Philip Philipovich understood that it was precisely this behavior that led to complete ruin in life.
The professor had no choice but to admit to the public that his experiment was a “fiasco.” Thus, he forever “hidden” his greatest achievement from humanity.